JP2004035350A - Piezoelectric porcelain composition - Google Patents

Piezoelectric porcelain composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004035350A
JP2004035350A JP2002196960A JP2002196960A JP2004035350A JP 2004035350 A JP2004035350 A JP 2004035350A JP 2002196960 A JP2002196960 A JP 2002196960A JP 2002196960 A JP2002196960 A JP 2002196960A JP 2004035350 A JP2004035350 A JP 2004035350A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
composition
porcelain composition
piezoelectric porcelain
lead oxide
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JP2002196960A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroyuki Yoshida
吉田 弘幸
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Tokin Corp
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NEC Tokin Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a piezoelectric porcelain composition having an excellent electromechanical coupling factor by using an inexpensive material not containing a lead oxide component. <P>SOLUTION: The composition has a chemical formula [Bi<SB>a</SB>(Na<SB>1-X</SB>K<SB>X</SB>)<SB>1-a</SB>][Ti<SB>1-y</SB>(M<SB>1-b</SB>Nb<SB>b</SB>)<SB>y</SB>]O<SB>3</SB>, wherein element M and the compositional ranges of x, y, a, and b are selected. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、圧電振動子、圧電アクチュエータ、圧力センサ等の圧電デバイスに使用される圧電磁器組成物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、圧電デバイスに用いられる圧電磁器組成物としては、PbTiOやPbZrOを主成分とする圧電セラミックス(以下、PZT系圧電セラミックスと略す)や、複合ペロブスカイト類を第三、第四成分としてPZT系圧電セラミックスに固溶させた多成分系PZT系圧電セラミックスに代表されるように、酸化鉛を含有するものがほとんどである。
【0003】
しかし、これらの酸化鉛を含有するセラミックスは、その製造プロセス中において酸化鉛成分の流出や揮発が免れ得ない。また、産業廃棄物中に、これらの酸化鉛を含有するセラミックスが含まれている場合、焼却灰や溶出による環境汚染が考えられる。そのため、酸化鉛成分を外部環境に排出させない対策が必要となり、膨大なコストが発生する。これらのことから、無酸化鉛圧電材料を供することは環境対策だけではなく製造コストの面からもきわめて有用であり、その出現が強く求められている。
【0004】
実際に酸化鉛を含まない圧電セラミックスに関する公知文献として、(Bi−Na)TiO系の圧電セラミックスの特許である、特開平09−100156や特開2001−261435等がある。該公開特許の圧電セラミックスの電気機械結合係数kpは約10〜20%で、PZT系圧電セラミックスのkpの50%以上に比べて低い値となっている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一般に、無酸化鉛圧電材料は、このように電気機械結合係数が低いことが欠点で、少しでも大きなkpを得ることが課題となっている。そこで、本発明は、酸化鉛成分を含有しない安価な材料で、優れた電気機械結合係数を有する圧電磁気組成物を提供することを目的としている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、[Bi(Na1− 1−a][Ti1− (M1−bNb]Oの化学式(但し、M=Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sn、Sc、Ti、Ga、Y、Mo、In、Sb、Li、Na、Kの少なくとも1種以上の元素)で表され、x、y、a、bがモル比で0<x<1、0<y≦0.5、0.4≦a≦0.6、0.3≦b<1.0であることを特徴とする圧電磁器組成物が得られる。
【0007】
また、本発明によれば、前記圧電磁器組成物において、[Bi0.5(Na1− 0.5][Ti1− (M1/3Nb2/3]Oの化学式(但し、M=Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Pb、Snの少なくとも1種以上の元素)で表され、x、yがモル比で0<x<1、0<y≦0.3であることを特徴とする圧電磁器組成物が得られる。
【0008】
本発明は、Bi−Na−Ti系圧電材料においてNaの一部をKで置換し、さらにTiの一部をM1−bNb(但し、M=Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sn、Sc、Ti、Ga、Y、Mo、In、Sb、Li、Na、Kの少なくとも1種以上の元素)で置換することにより、圧電特性を改善させるものである。
【0009】
特に、それぞれの置換量を0<x<1、0<y≦0.3としたのは、この範囲以外では、優れた圧電特性が得られる相境界近傍の組成範囲から大きく外れることが原因で圧電特性が低下するためである。また、a、bを0.4≦a≦0.6、0.3≦b<1.0としたのは、この範囲外ではペロブスカイト構造の結晶のほかに異相が出現する等のため、圧電特性が劣化するためである。また、圧電セラミックスの製造方法は一般的な製造方法であればよく、特に限定するものではない。
【0010】
【実施例】
本発明の圧電磁器組成物の実施例を以下に示す。
【0011】
(実施例1)
化学的に高純度のBi、NaCO、KCO、TiO、MgO、Nbを用い、[Bi0.5(Na1−x0.5][Ti1−y(Mg1/3Nb2/3]O(0<x<1、0<y≦0.3)の組成となるように配合し、これらの原料粉をジルコニアボール、エタノールとともにナイロンポットに入れ、20時間湿式混合した。
【0012】
次に、これらの混合粉を乾燥後、アルミナ匣鉢で900℃予焼を行ってから、各予焼粉をジルコニアボール、エタノールとともにナイロンポットに入れ20時間湿式粉砕し、この予焼・粉砕工程を2回繰り返した。更に引き続き、乾燥して得られた予焼粉砕粉にポリビニルアルコールバインダを混合して、φ20×T3mmに1.5×102MPaの圧力でプレス成形した。この成形体を1000〜1200℃で2時間焼成し、各焼結体を1mmの厚さに研磨加工した。その後、両面に銀ペーストを塗布して550℃で焼き付けて電極を形成し、100℃のシリコーンオイル中で4〜7kV/mmの直流電圧を15分間印加して厚み方向に分極し、評価用の試料とした。測定結果を表1に示した。また、比較品として、本発明品と同様の製造方法で、組成が請求範囲外のものを製造し、測定結果を表1に示した。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 2004035350
【0014】
圧電特性は、インピーダンスアナライザ(HP4194A)を使用して、共振−反共振法で求めた。表1中のkpは、径方向振動の電気機械結合係数を示す。表1から明らかなように、0<x<1かつ0<y≦0.3の範囲でkpの最大値は約30%を示す。しかしながら、0.3<yになると、kpは小さくなり、とくに0.5<yになると、kpは最大でも約10%と小さい値となってしまう。
【0015】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様に、化学的に高純度のBi、NaCO、KCO、TiO、V、Nbを用い、[Bi0.5(Na1−x0.5][Ti1−y(V1/3Nb2/3]O(0<x<1、0<y≦0.3)の組成となるように配合し、実施例1と同様の方法にて試料の作製、および特性評価を行った。測定結果を表2に示した。また、比較品として、本発明品と同様の製造方法で、組成が請求範囲外のものを製造し、測定結果を表2に示した。表2中のkpは径方向振動の電気機械結合係数を示す。
【0016】
【表2】
Figure 2004035350
【0017】
表2から明らかなように、0<x<1かつ0<y≦0.3の範囲でkpの最大値は約30%を示す。しかしながら0.3<yになると、kpは小さくなり、とくに0.5<yになると、kpは最大でも約10%と小さい値となってしまう。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明によれば、化学式[Bi0.5(Na1−x0.5][Ti1−y(Mg1/3Nb2/3]Oの組成物において、Mの元素選択とx、y、a、bの組成範囲を選択することで、通常市販の安価な原料酸化物を使用し、通常の粉末冶金的プロセスで、酸化鉛を含有せず、優れた電気機械的結合係数を有する、圧電磁器組成物を得ることが出来る。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a piezoelectric ceramic composition used for a piezoelectric device such as a piezoelectric vibrator, a piezoelectric actuator, and a pressure sensor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, piezoelectric ceramic compositions used for piezoelectric devices include piezoelectric ceramics containing PbTiO 3 or PbZrO 3 as a main component (hereinafter abbreviated as PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics), and composite perovskites as PZT as third and fourth components. Most of them contain lead oxide, as typified by multi-component PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics dissolved in system-based piezoelectric ceramics.
[0003]
However, these lead oxide-containing ceramics cannot escape the outflow and volatilization of the lead oxide component during the manufacturing process. In addition, when ceramics containing these lead oxides is contained in industrial waste, environmental pollution due to incineration ash or elution is considered. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the lead oxide component from being discharged to the external environment, resulting in a huge cost. For these reasons, providing lead-free piezoelectric materials is extremely useful not only in terms of environmental measures but also in terms of manufacturing costs, and its appearance is strongly demanded.
[0004]
Known documents relating to piezoelectric ceramics actually containing no lead oxide include JP-A-09-100156 and JP-A-2001-261435, which are patents for (Bi-Na) TiO 3 -based piezoelectric ceramics. The electromechanical coupling coefficient kp of the piezoelectric ceramic disclosed in the patent is about 10 to 20%, which is lower than 50% or more of the kp of the PZT-based piezoelectric ceramic.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In general, lead-free piezoelectric materials suffer from such a low electromechanical coupling coefficient, and there is a problem in obtaining as little as possible a large kp. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric magnetic composition having an excellent electromechanical coupling coefficient using an inexpensive material containing no lead oxide component.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, [Bi a (Na 1- x K x) 1-a] [Ti 1- y (M 1-b Nb b) y] O 3 in the formula (where, M = Mg, V, Cr , Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Sc, Ti, Ga, Y, Mo, In, Sb, Li, Na, K). A piezoelectric element characterized in that y, a, and b satisfy the following molar ratios: 0 <x <1, 0 <y ≦ 0.5, 0.4 ≦ a ≦ 0.6, 0.3 ≦ b <1.0. A porcelain composition is obtained.
[0007]
According to the present invention, in the piezoelectric ceramic composition, [Bi 0.5 (Na 1− x K x ) 0.5 ] [Ti 1− y (M 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) y ] O is used. 3 (where M = Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, at least one element), wherein x and y are 0 <in molar ratio. A piezoelectric ceramic composition characterized by satisfying x <1, 0 <y ≦ 0.3 is obtained.
[0008]
The present invention, a part of Na is replaced with K in Bi-Na-Ti-based piezoelectric material, further a part of Ti M 1-b Nb b (where, M = Mg, V, Cr , Mn, Fe, By replacing with at least one element of Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Sc, Ti, Ga, Y, Mo, In, Sb, Li, Na, and K), the piezoelectric characteristics are improved. Things.
[0009]
In particular, the reason why the respective substitution amounts are set to 0 <x <1 and 0 <y ≦ 0.3 is that, outside this range, the composition greatly deviates from the composition range near the phase boundary where excellent piezoelectric characteristics can be obtained. This is because the piezoelectric characteristics deteriorate. Further, the reason that a and b are set to 0.4 ≦ a ≦ 0.6 and 0.3 ≦ b <1.0 is that out of this range, a hetero phase appears in addition to the perovskite-structured crystal. This is because the characteristics are deteriorated. The method for manufacturing the piezoelectric ceramics is not particularly limited as long as it is a general manufacturing method.
[0010]
【Example】
Examples of the piezoelectric ceramic composition of the present invention are shown below.
[0011]
(Example 1)
Using Bi 2 O 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , TiO 2 , MgO, Nb 2 O 5 of high purity chemically, [Bi 0.5 (Na 1-x K x ) 0.5 ] [Ti 1-y (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) y ] O 3 (0 <x <1, 0 <y ≦ 0.3) is blended, and these raw material powders are mixed with zirconia balls. And ethanol, and the mixture was wet-mixed for 20 hours.
[0012]
Next, after drying these mixed powders, they were pre-fired in an alumina sagger at 900 ° C., and then each pre-fired powder was placed in a nylon pot together with zirconia balls and ethanol and wet-pulverized for 20 hours. Was repeated twice. Subsequently, a polyvinyl alcohol binder was mixed with the prefired powder obtained by drying, and press-molded at φ20 × T3 mm at a pressure of 1.5 × 102 MPa. This molded body was fired at 1000 to 1200 ° C. for 2 hours, and each sintered body was polished to a thickness of 1 mm. Thereafter, a silver paste is applied to both sides and baked at 550 ° C. to form electrodes, and a DC voltage of 4 to 7 kV / mm is applied in silicone oil at 100 ° C. for 15 minutes to polarize in the thickness direction, and is used for evaluation. A sample was used. Table 1 shows the measurement results. In addition, as a comparative product, a product having a composition outside the claims was produced by the same production method as the product of the present invention, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004035350
[0014]
Piezoelectric characteristics were determined by a resonance-antiresonance method using an impedance analyzer (HP4194A). Kp in Table 1 indicates an electromechanical coupling coefficient of radial vibration. As is clear from Table 1, the maximum value of kp shows about 30% in the range of 0 <x <1 and 0 <y ≦ 0.3. However, when 0.3 <y, kp becomes small. In particular, when 0.5 <y, kp becomes a small value of about 10% at the maximum.
[0015]
(Example 2)
As in Example 1, chemically using pure Bi 2 O 3, Na 2 CO 3, K 2 CO 3, TiO 2, V 2 O 5, Nb 2 O 5, [Bi 0.5 (Na 1−x K x ) 0.5 ] [Ti 1−y (V 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) y ] O 3 (0 <x <1, 0 <y ≦ 0.3) The mixture was blended, and a sample was prepared and characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the measurement results. Further, as a comparative product, a product having a composition out of the claims was produced by the same production method as the product of the present invention, and the measurement results are shown in Table 2. Kp in Table 2 indicates an electromechanical coupling coefficient of radial vibration.
[0016]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004035350
[0017]
As is clear from Table 2, the maximum value of kp shows about 30% in the range of 0 <x <1 and 0 <y ≦ 0.3. However, when 0.3 <y, kp becomes small. In particular, when 0.5 <y, kp becomes a small value of about 10% at the maximum.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the chemical formula [Bi 0.5 (Na 1-x K x ) 0.5 ] [Ti 1-y (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) y ] In the composition of O 3 , by selecting the element of M and selecting the composition range of x, y, a, and b, lead oxide is usually used by using a commercially available inexpensive raw material oxide and by a normal powder metallurgy process. And a piezoelectric ceramic composition having an excellent electromechanical coupling coefficient can be obtained.

Claims (2)

[Bi(Na1−x1−a][Ti1−y(M1−bNb]Oの化学式(但し、M=Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sn、Sc、Ti、Ga、Y、Mo、In、Sb、Li、Na、K の少なくとも1種以上の元素)で表され、x、y、a、bがモル比で0<x<1、0<y≦0.5、0.4≦a≦0.6、0.3≦b<1.0であることを特徴とする圧電磁器組成物。 [Bi a (Na 1-x K x) 1-a] [Ti 1-y (M 1-b Nb b) y] O 3 in the formula (where, M = Mg, V, Cr , Mn, Fe, Ni , Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Sc, Ti, Ga, Y, Mo, In, Sb, Li, Na, K) at least one of x, y, a, and b. A piezoelectric ceramic composition characterized by a molar ratio of 0 <x <1, 0 <y ≦ 0.5, 0.4 ≦ a ≦ 0.6, and 0.3 ≦ b <1.0. 請求項1に記載の圧電磁器組成物において、[Bi0.5(Na1− 0.5][Ti1− (M1/3Nb2/3]Oの化学式(但し、M=Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Pb、Snの少なくとも1種以上の元素)で表され、x、yがモル比で0<x<1、0<y≦0.3であることを特徴とする圧電磁器組成物。In the piezoelectric ceramic composition according to claim 1, [Bi 0.5 (Na 1- x K x) 0.5] [Ti 1- y (M 1/3 Nb 2/3) y] O 3 in the formula (Where M is at least one element of Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and Sn), and x and y are represented by a molar ratio of 0 <x <1. , 0 <y ≦ 0.3.
JP2002196960A 2002-07-05 2002-07-05 Piezoelectric porcelain composition Pending JP2004035350A (en)

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