JP2004035510A - Composition for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes mellitus or its complication - Google Patents

Composition for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes mellitus or its complication Download PDF

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JP2004035510A
JP2004035510A JP2002197542A JP2002197542A JP2004035510A JP 2004035510 A JP2004035510 A JP 2004035510A JP 2002197542 A JP2002197542 A JP 2002197542A JP 2002197542 A JP2002197542 A JP 2002197542A JP 2004035510 A JP2004035510 A JP 2004035510A
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Prior art keywords
composition
lycopene
proanthocyanidin
prophylaxis
present
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JP4346870B2 (en
Inventor
Yoko Tominaga
冨永 曜子
Miwako Tsukawaki
塚脇 美和子
Maki Watanabe
渡邊 麻希
Kazue Tomisaka
富坂 和枝
Tadaaki Wakayama
若山 忠明
Atsushi Sano
佐野 敦志
Shoichi Tokutake
徳武 昌一
Van Chuen Guyuen
グュエン ヴァン チュエン
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Kikkoman Corp
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Kikkoman Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a composition for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes mellitus or its complication, having safety and larger effect, a composition for prophylaxis or treatment of cataract, and a composition for suppressing increase in blood glucose levels. <P>SOLUTION: (1) The composition for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes mellitus or its complication comprises lycopene and proanthocyanin as active ingredients. (2) The composition for prophylaxis or treatment of cataract comprises lycopene and proanthocyanin as active ingredients. (3) The composition for suppressing increase in the blood glucose levels comprises lycopene and proanthocyanin as active ingredients. In the item (1), (2) and/or (3), the lycopene is derived from tomato. In the item (1), (2) and/or (3), the proanthocyanin is an extract of seeds or skin of a grape. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする糖尿病又はその合併症の予防または治療用組成物である。また本発明は、リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする白内障の予防または治療用組成物、更には血糖値上昇抑制用組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
哺乳動物が摂取した炭水化物が、口腔及び胃内で唾液α−アミラーゼによりある程度消化(水解)され、次いで、十二指腸及び空腸内で膵α−アミラーゼにより本格的に消化されてオリゴ糖や二糖類となり、これらが更にグルコアミラーゼ、マルターゼなどのグルコシド加水分解酵素による分解、最終的にはグルコースなどの単糖類となり、腸管膜上の繊毛から吸収される。この時、炭水化物の摂取後には、この吸収されたグルコースにより、一時的に血糖値が上昇するいわゆる過血糖症状が起こる。しかし、この症状は通常生体における恒常性維持システムによって、血糖値が一定の範囲に調整されることによって回復する。
【0003】
ところが、食餌性過血糖症状が長時間持続したり、血糖値が異常に高値を示すなどの糖代謝異常となると、過血糖症と称される疾患となり、糖尿病などの症例をもたらす。この糖尿病は、過食やストレスなどの様々な要因によって起こる過血糖症状がインシュリンの多量の分泌を促進し、これが原因となってインシュリンレセプターの感度低下や膵臓ランゲルハンス氏島β細胞疲弊を起こし、結果的にインシュリンの分泌が減少、細胞中にグルコースが取り込めなくなり、血液中のグルコースレベルの調節不全により発症する。また、この糖尿病は、高脂血症、高血圧、動脈硬化症、腎症、自律神経障害、網膜症、白内障など多くの重い合併症を引き起こすことが知られている。
【0004】
従来、過血糖症の有力な治療薬として、消化酵素阻害剤がいくつか知られている。しかしながらこれらは、腹部膨満感、鼓腸、放屁増加、軟便、下痢、腹痛などの副作用があるという欠点を有している。また、糖尿病に伴うこれらの合併症の予防および治療法として、化学合成された物質による糖尿病治療剤がいくつか知られている。しかしながらこれらは、人体に対する毒性、安全性の面で必ずしも満足するものではない。
【0005】
一方、リコペン(「リコピン」とも呼ばれる)は、トマトやスイカ、ピンクグレープフルーツ、グァバ等の果実中に含まれる赤い色調を有したカロチノイドであり、我々人類は長い食経験があると同時に、近年では機能性食品素材として様々な有効性が見出され、例えば、糖尿病性白内障の予防(特開2001−163772)がある。
【0006】
ブドウ種子抽出物はポリフェノールに代表される抗酸化物質を多く含んでおり、殊に強力な抗酸化力を有するプロアントシアニジンを高含有する。プロアントシアニジンは血中ヘモグロビン糖化率を低値に制御したり糖尿病性白内障を含む種々な合併症の進行の予防と治療に有効であることが見出されている(特開2000−44472)。しかしながらリコペン単独、あるいは、プロアントシアニジン単独を有効成分とするこれらの糖尿病性合併症の予防または治療を意図した組成物等は効果の面で必ずしも十分とは言えなかった。
【0007】
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、安全でより効果の大きい糖尿病又はその合併症の予防または治療用組成物、白内障の予防または治療用組成物および血糖値上昇抑制用組成物を提供することである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは従来技術の欠点を改善するため鋭意研究を重ねた結果、リコペンとプロアントシアニジンとを併用することにより上記課題を解決する組成物が提供できることを見出して本発明を完成した。すなわち、本発明は、以下の組成物に関する。
1. リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする糖尿病又はその合併症の予防または治療用組成物。
2.リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする白内障の予防または治療用組成物。
3.リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする血糖値上昇抑制用組成物。
4.リコペンがトマト由来である、上記1.〜3.のいずれかに記載の組成物。
5.プロアントシアニジンがブドウの種子または皮の抽出物である、上記1.〜3.のいずれかに記載の組成物。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
本発明の組成物は、リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする。該組成物は、糖尿病又はその合併症・白内障の予防または治療用、さらには血糖値上昇抑制用として有用である。
本発明で用いられるリコペンは、トマトやスイカ、ピンクグレープフルーツ、グァバ等の果実中に含まれる赤い色調を有したカロチノイドである。リコペンは、我が国で「トマト色素」として平成8年厚生省告示第120号既存添加物名簿に、平成8年生活衛生局長通知衛化第56号で食品添加物の着色料に登録されているように植物体もしくはそれらの破砕物、植物体から抽出して得られる抽出物もしくはそれらの精製物から得ることができる。
【0010】
植物体から本発明のリコペンを抽出する場合、抽出原料としてリコペンを含有する前述の各種植物体が利用できるが、安全性、大量生産、精製コスト等の点で、抽出原料としては、特にトマトが望ましい。抽出原料またはその破砕物などを、溶媒を用いて抽出処理し、得られた抽出物をさらに液体クロマトグラフィーなどにより分離精製するか、あるいは植物体を原料としたジュース、ピューレ、ペーストなどの二次加工品をリコペンの選択的吸着剤で処理して該リコペン区分を濃縮・精製し、それらをさらに向流分配法、液体クロマトグラフィーなどにより分離精製することによって高純度のリコペンが得られる。
【0011】
リコペンは、酢酸エチル、ヘキサン、ベンゼン等の有機溶媒抽出およびクロマトグラフィー精製によって、抽出原料から効率的に入手することもできる(Hakala, Sari, H. and Heinonen, I. Marina, Chromatographic Purification of Natural Lycopene, J. Agric. Food Chem. (1994) Vol.42, 1314−1316)が、残留有機溶媒の人体への安全性に問題があり、また、食品添加物公定書解説書(1992年)に記載されているように使用用途が着香料や着色料に限られる。こうした点から、抽出等に用いられる溶剤はエタノールのみであることが望ましく、その手法の例として(特開平09−183914)や(特開平10−324816)、(特開2002−125619)が挙げられる。
【0012】
プロアントシアニジンとは、各種植物体中に存在する縮合型タンニン、すなわちフラバン−3−オールまたはフラバン−3,4−ジオールを構成単位として重合により結合した化合物群であって、これらは酸処理によりシアニジン、デルフィニジン、ペラルゴニジン等のアントシアニジンを生成することからこの名称が与えられているものであり、上記構成単位の2量体、3量体、4量体さらに30量体以上の高分子のプロシアニジン、プロデルフィニジン、プロペラルゴニジン等のプロアントシアニジンおよびそれらの立体異性体もしくは没食子酸エステルやカフェ酸エステル等の各種誘導体を含むものである。
本発明に用いるプロアントシアニジンの製造法として、化学的もしくは酵素的合成法、植物体や微生物体からの抽出法などを挙げることができる。
植物体からプロアントシアニジンを抽出する場合は、各種植物体もしくはその破砕物などを、溶媒を用いて抽出処理し、得られた抽出物をさらに液体クロマトグラフィーなどにより分別精製する。また、植物体を原料とした果実酒、ビールなどの二次加工品をプロアントシアニジンの選択的吸着剤で処理して、該区分を濃縮し、さらに向流分配法、液体クロマトグラフィーなどにより分別精製することによってプロアントシアニジンが得られる。
植物体としては、ブドウ、クランベリー、リンゴ、小豆、柿、キャベツ、大麦、麦芽、クルミ、アーモンド、カカオ、杉、桧、松、栃、樫等が利用できる。プロアントシアニジンが得られる限りは、植物体のどの部分を抽出してもよく、例えば、花、実、種子、果実もしくはこれらの果肉または皮類、および根、樹木、樹皮、葉などの組織が使用できる。植物体は、乾燥したもの、生のもの、発酵させたものの何れでもよい。更に、果実のジュース類もしくは果実酒、ビール類、またはそれらの製造の際副産物として生成する粕類、または植物体の加工品なども挙げられる。
プロアントシアニジンの含有量が高いという点で、植物体としては、ブドウの種子または皮が好適である。ブドウ果実の種子、果皮または搾汁粕を熱水または含水エタノールまたは含水アセトンにて処理することにより、プロアントシアニジンを含む抽出物または混合物が得られる。
【0013】
プロアントシアニジンを主成分とする製品は市販もされており、例えばブドウ種子を原料とする商品名「グラヴィノール」(キッコーマン(株))、りんご未熟果を原料とする商品名「アップルフェノン」(ニッカウヰスキー(株))、海岸松の樹皮を原料とする商品名「ピクノジェノール」(ホーファーリサーチ社(スイス))等である。
【0014】
リコペンおよびプロアントシアニジンの有効摂取量は、本発明の組成物を摂取する人の健康状態や性別により異なるが、体重60kgの人の場合、リコペンであれば1日あたり0.1〜500mg、好ましくは5〜200mgである。また、プロアントシアニジンであれば1日あたり10mg以上、好ましくは20〜500mgである。本発明の組成物において、リコペンおよびプロアントシアニジンの配合比は特に限定されず、上記の有効摂取量が摂取できる比率であればよい。
本発明の組成物には、既存の抗白内障作用、抗糖尿病作用がある薬剤、またはこれらの作用があるとされる食品成分や食品添加物、さらには化学薬品が含まれていてもよい。
本発明の組成物の形態は、特に限定されず、粉末状、錠剤状、カプセル状、ドリンク剤状にて摂取できる。本発明の組成物はそのままで、または食品添加物として他の飲食物、例えば、惣菜、菓子類、調味料、飲料に添加して摂取することもできる。
【0015】
【実験例】
実験例:
本発明を具体的に説明するため、以下に実験例を示す。実験例では、糖尿病ラットに、本発明の組成物、リコペン、プロアントシアニジンをそれぞれ含む飼料を摂取させ、糖尿病性白内障、血糖値、肝臓中の過酸化脂質の分析を行った。
<実験材料飼料>
高純度のリコペンを下記のようにして調製した。まず、トマト色素であるNDM−5(リコペン含有量0.5%、日本デルモンテ(株)製)10kgを常法によりフリーズドライにて乾燥させ0.54kgのトマト色素液乾燥粉末を得た。このトマト色素液乾燥粉末に80v/v%エタノール溶液12リットルを加え、懸濁させ、メンブランフィルターでろ過し、真空ポンプにて乾燥させ、粉砕粉末化し、リコペン組成物0.43kg(リコペン含有量8.4%)を得た。このリコペン組成物を本発明の有効成分として用いることもできるが、実施例ではさらに精製を行い高純度リコペンを得た。
【0016】
すなわち、前述リコペン組成物0.43kgを5リットルのベンゼンに懸濁させ、不溶物をろ紙で除去、ろ液にメタノール1リットルを少量ずつ静かに加え、生成するリコペン結晶8.5g(リコペン含有量90%)をグラスフィルターによるろ別によって得た。
一方、プロアントシアニジンとしては、ブドウ種子抽出物である商品名「グラヴィノールスーパー」(プロアントシアニジン含有量:87%;キッコーマン(株)製)を用いた。
【0017】
<飼料サンプルの調製>
前記実験材料飼料を、下記の表1の配合割合にて、常法により混合し、飼料サンプルを調製した。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 2004035510
【0019】
<糖尿病ラットの作製>
Wistar系ラット(雄、8週齢、平均体重190g、5〜7匹/群)にストレプトゾトシン(STZ)に体重1kgあたり50mgを常法により腹腔内投与し糖尿病ラットを作製した。
<実験例1(血糖値上昇抑制効果の確認試験)>
上記糖尿病ラットを前述飼料サンプル群に分け、自由摂取の上、15週間飼育した後に解剖し、血糖値を分析した。なお、血糖値は、酵素グルコースオキシダーゼを利用する方法により、血中のグルコース濃度を測定して求めた。
結果を図1に示す。リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを含む本発明の組成物は、リコペン或いはプロアントシアニジンいずれかを単独投与した場合よりも相乗的に、血糖値上昇抑制作用を示すことが明らかである。本発明の組成物が、糖尿病の予防または治療用、および血糖値上昇抑制用として有用であることが示された。
<実験例2(肝臓中での抗酸化作用の確認試験)>
上記糖尿病ラットを前述飼料サンプル群に分け、自由摂取の上、15週間飼育した後に解剖し、チオバルビツール酸を用いるTBA法により、肝臓ホモジナイズ中の過酸化脂質を定量した。結果を図2に示す。
本発明の組成物は、リコペン或いはプロアントシアニジンいずれかを単独投与した場合よりも相乗的に、肝臓中での抗酸化作用を示すことが明らかである。
糖尿病の合併症である動脈硬化症、腎症、網膜症等には、血管の酸化が関与している。血管の酸化を抑制することにより、これらの合併症の予防または治療が可能となる。本発明の組成物が、糖尿病の合併症(動脈硬化症、腎症、網膜症等)の予防または治療用として有用であることが示された。
<実験例3(糖尿病性白内障の予防および治療効果確認試験)>
上記糖尿病ラットを前述飼料サンプル群に分け、自由摂取の上、15週間飼育した。その間、糖尿病性白内障の進行状況を毎週観察評価して白内障抑制効果の確認試験をした。結果を図3に示す。なお、確認試験の際は、ラットの水晶体の白濁度を目視し、以下の0〜9の10段階で白内障スコアを毎週評価記録した。0:変化なし。
1:水晶体赤道部に空泡状変化が少し起こる。
2:水晶体赤道部に空泡状変化が起こる。
3:水晶体表面の中央部にまで混濁が少し起こる。
4:水晶体表面の中央部にまで混濁が起こる。
5:水晶体表面全体に混濁が広がるが、眼底は透視できる。
6:水晶体表面全体に混濁が広がり、眼底も透視できない、
7:水晶体の核の白濁が少し起こる。
8:水晶体の核が白濁する。
9:水晶体全体が完全に白色化する。
図3に示す通り、本発明の組成物は、リコペン或いはプロアントシアニジンいずれかを単独投与した場合よりも相乗的に、白内障進展抑制作用を示した。本発明の組成物が、糖尿病の合併症の1つである白内障の予防または治療用として有用であることが示された。
【0020】
【実施例】
以下の通り、リコペンおよびプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする本発明の組成物を、製剤化あるいは他の食品に添加して健康食品を調製した。
<実施例1(錠剤タイプ内服剤または健康食品)>
本実験例で得たリコペン結晶(リコペン含有量90%)5mg、ブドウ種子抽出物(キッコーマン(株)製、40%プロアントシアニジン含有)50mg、乳糖80mg、トウモロコシデンプン17mg、ステアリン酸マグネシウム3mg以上を1錠分として常法により錠剤化した。この錠剤は、内服剤または健康食品として使用できる。
【0021】
<実施例2(乳化液剤タイプ内服剤または健康食品)>
本実験例で得たリコペン結晶(リコペン含有量90%)20mg、ブドウ種子抽出物(キッコーマン(株)製、40%プロアントシアニジン含有)100mg、中鎖飽和脂肪酸トリグリセリド70mg、ビタミンE1mg、オレンジ油20mg、デカグリセリンモノステアレート30mg、グリセリン750mg、ブドウ糖10g、クエン酸1g、アスコルビン酸500mg、以上を水に加えて全量を100mlとし、常法により分散乳化処理して、内服用のリコペン乳化液剤を得た。この液剤は、内服剤または健康食品として使用できる。
【0022】
<実施例3(硬質カプセルタイプ内服剤または健康食品)>
本実験例で得たリコペン結晶(リコペン含有量90%)10mg、ブドウ種子抽出物(キッコーマン(株)製、40%プロアントシアニジン含有)50mg、バレイショデンプン5mg、軽質無水ケイ酸4mg、ステアリン酸カルシウム1mg、乳糖30mg以上を1錠分として含むカプセルを常法により得た。
【0023】
<実施例4(飲料タイプ健康志向食品)>
本実験例で得たリコペン組成物(リコペン含有量8。4%)5g、ブドウ種子抽出物(キッコーマン(株)製、40%プロアントシアニジン含有)15g、オレンジジュース(果汁100%)970gをミキサーにて混合して均一な飲料を得た。
【0024】
<実施例5(シリアルタイプ健康志向食品)>
本実験例で得たリコペン組成物(リコペン含有量8。4%)5g、ブドウ種子抽出物(キッコーマン(株)製、40%プロアントシアニジン含有)20g、薄力粉890g、グラニュー糖80g、炭酸カルシウム5gを粉体均一混合後、エクストルーダーを用い常法によりシリアルを得た。
【0025】
<実施例6(キャンディータイプ健康志向食品)>
本実験例で得たリコペン組成物(リコペン含有量8。4%)5g、ブドウ種子抽出物(キッコーマン(株)製、40%プロアントシアニジン含有)15g、砂糖45g、水飴43g、水5g、果汁2g、増粘剤2g、アスコルビン酸1g、香料0.1g、ビタミンE0.1gを常法に従い、5g/個のキャンディーを得た。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする本発明の組成物は、リコペン或いはプロアントシアニジンいずれかを単独投与した場合よりも相乗的な効果を示した。本発明の組成物が、糖尿病又はその合併症の予防または治療用、白内障の予防または治療用、更には血糖値上昇抑制用として有用であることが示された。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の組成物の、血糖値上昇抑制作用を示す図(実験例1)。
【図2】本発明の組成物の、肝臓中での抗酸化作用を示す図(実験例2)。
【図3】本発明の組成物の、白内障の予防または治療用効果を示す図(実験例3)。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a composition for preventing or treating diabetes or its complications, comprising lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients. Further, the present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating cataract, and a composition for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level, comprising lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Carbohydrates ingested by mammals are partially digested (hydrolyzed) by salivary α-amylase in the oral cavity and stomach, and then fully digested by pancreatic α-amylase in the duodenum and jejunum to become oligosaccharides and disaccharides, These are further decomposed by glucoside hydrolases such as glucoamylase and maltase, and finally become monosaccharides such as glucose, and are absorbed from the cilia on the intestinal membrane. At this time, after ingestion of carbohydrates, the absorbed glucose causes a so-called hyperglycemic condition in which the blood glucose level temporarily increases. However, this symptom is usually recovered by adjusting the blood glucose level to a certain range by the homeostasis system in the living body.
[0003]
However, when glucose metabolism abnormality such as a dietary hyperglycemic symptom persists for a long time or an abnormally high blood glucose level occurs, a disease called hyperglycemia occurs, resulting in cases such as diabetes. In this diabetes, hyperglycemia caused by various factors such as overeating and stress promotes the secretion of a large amount of insulin, which causes a decrease in insulin receptor sensitivity and pancreatic Langerhans islet β cell exhaustion, which results in Insulin secretion decreases, glucose cannot be taken up into cells, and dysregulation of blood glucose level causes the disease. This diabetes is known to cause many serious complications such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, nephropathy, autonomic nervous disorder, retinopathy, and cataract.
[0004]
Heretofore, several digestive enzyme inhibitors have been known as potential therapeutic agents for hyperglycemia. However, they have the disadvantage of having side effects such as abdominal bloating, flatulence, increased flatus, loose stools, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In addition, as a method for preventing and treating these complications associated with diabetes, some therapeutic agents for diabetes using chemically synthesized substances are known. However, these are not always satisfactory in terms of toxicity and safety to the human body.
[0005]
Lycopene (also called "lycopene"), on the other hand, is a carotenoid with a red color contained in fruits such as tomato, watermelon, pink grapefruit, and guava. Various effectiveness has been found as a food material for diabetes, for example, there is prevention of diabetic cataract (JP-A-2001-163772).
[0006]
Grape seed extract contains a large amount of antioxidants represented by polyphenols, and particularly contains high amounts of proanthocyanidins having strong antioxidant power. Proanthocyanidins have been found to be effective in controlling blood hemoglobin glycation rate to a low level and in preventing and treating the progression of various complications including diabetic cataract (JP-A-2000-44472). However, compositions intended for the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications containing lycopene alone or proanthocyanidin alone as an active ingredient were not necessarily sufficient in terms of effect.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a safe and more effective composition for preventing or treating diabetes or a complication thereof, a composition for preventing or treating cataract, and a composition for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to improve the disadvantages of the prior art, and as a result, have found that a composition that solves the above-mentioned problems can be provided by using lycopene and proanthocyanidin in combination, and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to the following compositions.
1. A composition for preventing or treating diabetes or its complications comprising lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients.
2. A composition for preventing or treating cataract, comprising lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients.
3. A composition for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level, comprising lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients.
4. The lycopene is derived from tomato. ~ 3. The composition according to any one of the above.
5. The above-mentioned 1., wherein the proanthocyanidin is an extract of grape seed or skin. ~ 3. The composition according to any one of the above.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically.
The composition of the present invention contains lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients. The composition is useful for preventing or treating diabetes or its complications / cataracts, and for suppressing an increase in blood sugar level.
Lycopene used in the present invention is a carotenoid having a red color contained in fruits such as tomato, watermelon, pink grapefruit, and guava. Lycopene has been registered in Japan as a "tomato pigment" in the list of existing additives in the Ministry of Health and Welfare Notification No. 120 of 1996, and in 1996 as a coloring agent for food additives in the Notification of the Ministry of Health and Welfare Bureau No. 56 of 1996. It can be obtained from a plant, a crushed product thereof, an extract obtained by extracting from the plant, or a purified product thereof.
[0010]
When the lycopene of the present invention is extracted from a plant, the above-mentioned various plants containing lycopene can be used as an extraction raw material, but in terms of safety, mass production, purification cost, etc., as an extraction raw material, tomato is particularly preferable. desirable. Extraction material or its crushed product is extracted using a solvent, and the resulting extract is further separated and purified by liquid chromatography, etc., or secondary extraction of juice, puree, paste, etc. using plant material as raw material The processed product is treated with a selective adsorbent for lycopene to concentrate and purify the lycopene fraction, and then to separate and purify the lycopene fraction by a countercurrent distribution method, liquid chromatography, or the like, to obtain high-purity lycopene.
[0011]
Lycopene can also be efficiently obtained from the raw material for extraction by extraction with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, hexane, benzene or the like and chromatographic purification (Hakala, Sari, H. and Heinonen, I. Marina, Chromatographic Purification of Natural Lycopene). , J. Agric. Food Chem. (1994) Vol.42, 1314-1316) has a problem with the safety of the residual organic solvent to the human body, and is described in the official manual of food additives (1992). As described above, use is limited to flavoring and coloring agents. From such a point, it is desirable that the solvent used for the extraction or the like is only ethanol, and examples of the method include (JP-A-09-183914), (JP-A-10-324816), and (JP-A-2002-125819). .
[0012]
Proanthocyanidins are a group of condensed tannins present in various plants, that is, a group of compounds in which flavan-3-ol or flavan-3,4-diol is bonded by polymerization as a structural unit. , Delphinidin, pelargonidin, etc., which are given this name because they produce anthocyanidins such as dimers, trimers, tetramers and 30-mers of the above structural units. It includes proanthocyanidins such as delphinidin and properargonidine and their stereoisomers or various derivatives such as gallic acid esters and caffeic acid esters.
Examples of the method for producing the proanthocyanidins used in the present invention include a chemical or enzymatic synthesis method and an extraction method from plants or microorganisms.
When proanthocyanidins are extracted from plants, various plants or their crushed products are subjected to an extraction treatment using a solvent, and the obtained extract is further fractionated and purified by liquid chromatography or the like. In addition, secondary processed products such as fruit liquor and beer made from plant material are treated with a proanthocyanidin selective adsorbent to concentrate the fraction, and then fractionated and purified by countercurrent distribution method, liquid chromatography, etc. By doing so, proanthocyanidins are obtained.
As the plant, grapes, cranberries, apples, red beans, persimmons, cabbage, barley, malt, walnuts, almonds, cacao, cedar, cypress, pine, tomato, oak, and the like can be used. As long as proanthocyanidins can be obtained, any part of the plant may be extracted.For example, flowers, fruits, seeds, fruits or their pulp or skins, and tissues such as roots, trees, bark, leaves, etc. are used. it can. The plant may be dried, raw, or fermented. Furthermore, fruit juices or fruit liquors, beers, lees produced as a by-product in the production thereof, processed plant products, and the like are also included.
Grape seeds or skins are preferred as plants from the viewpoint that the content of proanthocyanidins is high. An extract or mixture containing proanthocyanidins is obtained by treating grape fruit seeds, pericarp, or squeezed cake with hot water, aqueous ethanol, or aqueous acetone.
[0013]
Products containing proanthocyanidin as a main component are also commercially available. For example, a product name “Gravinol” made from grape seeds (Kikkoman Co., Ltd.) and a product name “Applephenone” made from immature apples (Nikka Whiskey) Co., Ltd.) and trade name "Pycnogenol" (Hofar Research Co., Switzerland) using bark of shore pine as a raw material.
[0014]
The effective intake of lycopene and proanthocyanidin varies depending on the health condition and gender of the person who takes the composition of the present invention, but for a person weighing 60 kg, lycopene of 0.1 to 500 mg per day, preferably 5-200 mg. In the case of proanthocyanidins, the amount is 10 mg or more per day, preferably 20 to 500 mg. In the composition of the present invention, the mixing ratio of lycopene and proanthocyanidin is not particularly limited as long as the above-mentioned effective intake can be taken.
The composition of the present invention may contain a drug having an existing anti-cataract or anti-diabetic action, or a food ingredient or a food additive which is supposed to have these actions, or a chemical.
The form of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be ingested in the form of powder, tablet, capsule, or drink. The composition of the present invention can be taken as it is or as a food additive in addition to other foods and drinks, such as side dishes, confectionery, seasonings, and beverages.
[0015]
[Experimental example]
Experimental example:
In order to specifically describe the present invention, experimental examples will be described below. In an experimental example, diabetic rats were fed a feed containing the composition of the present invention, lycopene, and proanthocyanidin, respectively, and analyzed for diabetic cataract, blood glucose level, and lipid peroxide in the liver.
<Experimental feed>
High purity lycopene was prepared as follows. First, 10 kg of tomato pigment NDM-5 (lycopene content: 0.5%, manufactured by Nippon Del Monte Co., Ltd.) was freeze-dried by a conventional method to obtain 0.54 kg of tomato pigment liquid dry powder. To this tomato pigment liquid dry powder, 12 liters of an 80 v / v% ethanol solution was added, suspended, filtered with a membrane filter, dried with a vacuum pump, pulverized and powdered, and a lycopene composition of 0.43 kg (lycopene content of 8 .4%). This lycopene composition can be used as an active ingredient of the present invention, but in the examples, further purification was performed to obtain high-purity lycopene.
[0016]
That is, 0.43 kg of the lycopene composition was suspended in 5 liters of benzene, insolubles were removed with a filter paper, and 1 liter of methanol was gently added little by little to the filtrate, and 8.5 g of lycopene crystals (lycopene content) was formed. 90%) by filtration with a glass filter.
On the other hand, as a proanthocyanidin, grape seed extract “Gravinol Super” (proanthocyanidin content: 87%; manufactured by Kikkoman Corporation) was used.
[0017]
<Preparation of feed sample>
The experimental material feed was mixed by a conventional method in a mixing ratio shown in Table 1 below to prepare a feed sample.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004035510
[0019]
<Preparation of diabetic rats>
Wistar rats (male, 8 weeks old, average weight 190 g, 5 to 7 rats / group) were intraperitoneally administered with 50 mg / kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) by a conventional method to prepare diabetic rats.
<Experimental example 1 (confirmation test of blood sugar level increase suppression effect)>
The diabetic rats were divided into the aforementioned feed sample groups, fed freely, bred for 15 weeks, dissected, and analyzed for blood glucose levels. The blood sugar level was determined by measuring the glucose concentration in blood by a method using the enzyme glucose oxidase.
The results are shown in FIG. It is clear that the composition of the present invention containing lycopene and proanthocyanidin exhibits a synergistic inhibitory effect on blood glucose level more than when either lycopene or proanthocyanidin is administered alone. It has been shown that the composition of the present invention is useful for preventing or treating diabetes and for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level.
<Experimental example 2 (confirmation test of antioxidant action in liver)>
The diabetic rats were divided into the aforementioned feed sample groups, fed freely, bred for 15 weeks, dissected, and quantified for lipid peroxide in liver homogenized by the TBA method using thiobarbituric acid. FIG. 2 shows the results.
It is clear that the composition of the present invention exhibits an antioxidant action in the liver more synergistically than when either lycopene or proanthocyanidin is administered alone.
Oxidation of blood vessels is involved in arteriosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, and the like, which are complications of diabetes. By suppressing the oxidation of blood vessels, these complications can be prevented or treated. The composition of the present invention was shown to be useful for preventing or treating diabetes complications (arteriosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, etc.).
<Experimental Example 3 (Preventive and therapeutic effect confirmation test for diabetic cataract)>
The diabetic rats were divided into the above-mentioned feed sample groups, fed freely, and bred for 15 weeks. During that time, the progress of diabetic cataract was observed and evaluated weekly to conduct a test for confirming the cataract-suppressing effect. The results are shown in FIG. At the time of the confirmation test, the opacity of the rat lens was visually observed, and the cataract score was evaluated and recorded weekly on a scale of 0 to 9 below. 0: No change.
1: A slight change in the air bubble shape occurs in the equator of the lens.
2: A bubble-like change occurs in the equator of the lens.
3: A little cloudiness occurs up to the center of the lens surface.
4: Turbidity occurs up to the center of the lens surface.
5: Opaque spreads over the entire lens surface, but the fundus can be seen through.
6: Opaque spreads over the whole lens surface, and the fundus cannot be seen through,
7: A slight clouding of the lens nucleus occurs.
8: The nucleus of the lens becomes cloudy.
9: The entire lens is completely whitened.
As shown in FIG. 3, the composition of the present invention exhibited a cataract progression inhibitory effect more synergistically than when either lycopene or proanthocyanidin was administered alone. It has been shown that the composition of the present invention is useful for preventing or treating cataract, which is one of the complications of diabetes.
[0020]
【Example】
As described below, the composition of the present invention containing lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients was formulated or added to other foods to prepare health foods.
<Example 1 (tablet type internal medicine or health food)>
5 mg of lycopene crystals (lycopene content 90%) obtained in this experimental example, 50 mg of grape seed extract (manufactured by Kikkoman Corp., containing 40% proanthocyanidin), lactose 80 mg, corn starch 17 mg, and magnesium stearate 3 mg or more were added in 1 part. Tablets were formed into tablets by a conventional method. This tablet can be used as an internal medicine or health food.
[0021]
<Example 2 (Emulsion type oral medicine or health food)>
20 mg of lycopene crystals (lycopene content 90%) obtained in this experimental example, 100 mg of grape seed extract (produced by Kikkoman Corp., containing 40% proanthocyanidin), 70 mg of medium-chain saturated fatty acid triglyceride, 1 mg of vitamin E, 20 mg of orange oil, 30 mg of decaglycerin monostearate, 750 mg of glycerin, 10 g of glucose, 1 g of citric acid and 500 mg of ascorbic acid were added to water to make the total amount 100 ml, and the mixture was dispersed and emulsified by a conventional method to obtain a lycopene emulsion for internal use. . This liquid preparation can be used as an internal medicine or health food.
[0022]
<Example 3 (hard capsule type oral medicine or health food)>
Lycopene crystals (lycopene content 90%) 10 mg, grape seed extract (produced by Kikkoman Corp., containing 40% proanthocyanidin) 50 mg, potato starch 5 mg, light anhydrous silicic acid 4 mg, calcium stearate 1 mg obtained in this experimental example, Capsules containing 30 mg or more of lactose as one tablet were obtained by a conventional method.
[0023]
<Example 4 (beverage-type health-conscious food)>
5 g of the lycopene composition (lycopene content: 8.4%) obtained in this experimental example, 15 g of grape seed extract (manufactured by Kikkoman Corp., containing 40% proanthocyanidin), and 970 g of orange juice (100% fruit juice) were mixed in a mixer. And mixed to obtain a uniform beverage.
[0024]
<Example 5 (cereal type health-conscious food)>
5 g of the lycopene composition (lycopene content: 8.4%) obtained in this experimental example, 20 g of grape seed extract (produced by Kikkoman Corp., containing 40% proanthocyanidin), 890 g of flour, 80 g of granulated sugar, and 5 g of calcium carbonate After the powder was uniformly mixed, a cereal was obtained by an ordinary method using an extruder.
[0025]
<Example 6 (candy-type health-conscious food)>
5 g of the lycopene composition (lycopene content: 8.4%) obtained in this experimental example, 15 g of grape seed extract (manufactured by Kikkoman Corporation, containing 40% proanthocyanidin), sugar 45 g, syrup 43 g, water 5 g, fruit juice 2 g , 2 g of thickener, 1 g of ascorbic acid, 0.1 g of fragrance, and 0.1 g of vitamin E were obtained in a conventional manner to give 5 g / candy.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
The composition of the present invention containing lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients showed a synergistic effect as compared to the case where either lycopene or proanthocyanidin was administered alone. It has been shown that the composition of the present invention is useful for preventing or treating diabetes or a complication thereof, for preventing or treating cataract, and for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the blood sugar level-suppressing effect of a composition of the present invention (Experimental Example 1).
FIG. 2 shows the antioxidant activity of the composition of the present invention in the liver (Experimental Example 2).
FIG. 3 shows the effect of the composition of the present invention for preventing or treating cataract (Experimental Example 3).

Claims (5)

リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする糖尿病又はその合併症の予防または治療用組成物。A composition for preventing or treating diabetes or its complications comprising lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients. リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする白内障の予防または治療用組成物。A composition for preventing or treating cataract, comprising lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients. リコペンとプロアントシアニジンを有効成分とする血糖値上昇抑制用組成物。A composition for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level, comprising lycopene and proanthocyanidin as active ingredients. リコペンがトマト由来である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の組成物。The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein lycopene is derived from tomato. プロアントシアニジンがブドウの種子または皮の抽出物である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の組成物。The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the proanthocyanidin is an extract of grape seed or skin.
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Cited By (9)

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WO2004103987A1 (en) * 2003-05-20 2004-12-02 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Drug for nervous disorder
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WO2007122382A2 (en) * 2006-04-13 2007-11-01 Cammedica Limited Lycopene for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction
JPWO2011004733A1 (en) * 2009-07-08 2012-12-20 アークレイ株式会社 Oxidative proteolytic enzyme activity enhancer
US9072314B2 (en) 2007-11-07 2015-07-07 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Carotenoid-containing compositions and methods
KR20150083033A (en) * 2014-01-06 2015-07-16 전남대학교산학협력단 Composition for Improving, Preventing or Treating Ocular Diseases comprising Chamaecyparis obtusa extracts as Active Ingredients
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004103987A1 (en) * 2003-05-20 2004-12-02 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Drug for nervous disorder
JP2017066161A (en) * 2005-09-16 2017-04-06 コーネル リサーチ ファウンデイション インコーポレイテッド Methods for reducing cd36 expression
US11447523B2 (en) 2005-09-16 2022-09-20 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Methods for reducing CD36 expression
JP2007223914A (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-09-06 Unitika Ltd Oral administration formulation
JP2007269631A (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-18 Kagome Co Ltd Agent for suppressing accumulation of neutral fat
WO2007122382A2 (en) * 2006-04-13 2007-11-01 Cammedica Limited Lycopene for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction
WO2007122382A3 (en) * 2006-04-13 2008-01-10 Cammedica Ltd Lycopene for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction
JP2009535303A (en) * 2006-04-13 2009-10-01 ケムメディカ・リミテッド Lycopene for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction
US9072314B2 (en) 2007-11-07 2015-07-07 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Carotenoid-containing compositions and methods
JPWO2011004733A1 (en) * 2009-07-08 2012-12-20 アークレイ株式会社 Oxidative proteolytic enzyme activity enhancer
KR101675135B1 (en) * 2014-01-06 2016-11-14 전남대학교산학협력단 Composition for Improving, Preventing or Treating Ocular Diseases comprising Chamaecyparis obtusa extracts as Active Ingredients
KR20150083033A (en) * 2014-01-06 2015-07-16 전남대학교산학협력단 Composition for Improving, Preventing or Treating Ocular Diseases comprising Chamaecyparis obtusa extracts as Active Ingredients
CN106262897A (en) * 2016-08-17 2017-01-04 佛山市夕泪饮料有限公司 A kind of beverage

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