JP2004017254A - Gear grinding device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To shorten a cycle time of grinding by automatically meshing a gear grinding tool having a plurality of spiral bars with a gear to be ground. <P>SOLUTION: A first counter 116 counts an A-phase signal Ea showing a rate of change of rotation of a gear grinding tool 42 as a phase pulse number N1 between a Z-phase signal Eb showing a zero position of the gear grinding tool 42 and a shaping pulse P0 showing each tooth of a ground gear 22. At an initial teaching time, a counter memory circuit 118 stores the number N1 of phase pulses as the number N0 of store phase pulses, and compares the number N1 of phase pulses newly supplied with the number N0 of the store phase pulses at the time of automatic meshing and grinding. The counter memory circuit 118 further compares the count number of the A-phase signals Ea between two shaping pulses P0 with the number L of pitch pulse stores. A rotation control part 104 synchronously or asynchronously rotates the gear 22 to be ground, based on comparison and judgement results of the counter memory circuit 118. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gear grinding apparatus, and in particular, when meshing a gear to be ground with a gear grinding tool having a helical strip, automatically adjusts the phase by keeping the gear to be ground and the gear grinding tool in phase. The present invention relates to a gear grinding device for meshing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a gear grinding apparatus, a spiral streak of a gear grinding tool is synchronously rotated while meshing with a tooth groove of a gear to be ground. By moving this gear grinding tool forward and backward relative to the gear to be ground, the tooth surface of the gear to be ground can be ground with a spiral strip.
[0003]
In this type of gear grinding apparatus, when replacing the gear to be ground to be ground, the rotation of the gear grinding tool is stopped before replacing the gear to be ground, so that the rotation of the gear grinding tool is reduced, stopped, and stopped. Since re-acceleration is repeatedly performed, the cycle time of the grinding process is lengthened, which is inefficient.
[0004]
Therefore, there has been proposed a technique in which the rotation of the gear to be ground is synchronized with the rotation of the gear grinding tool, and the phases of the gear to be ground and the gear grinding tool are matched to automatically engage with each other (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-38089). And Japanese Patent No. 2718850). Specifically, a phase between the timing of detecting the zero point position on the rotation of the gear grinding tool and the timing of detecting each tooth of the gear to be ground is recognized, and the timing difference is a value taught in advance. Are made to coincide with each other.
[0005]
According to these techniques, the cycle time of the grinding process can be shortened by engaging the gear grinding tool and the gear to be ground without stopping the rotation of the gear grinding tool. As a result, a large number of gears to be ground can be ground within a predetermined time, so that the production efficiency of the gear grinding processing is improved.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Recently, it has been desired that the cycle time for grinding the gear to be ground (grinding time and replacement time of the gear to be ground) be further increased. For this reason, adoption of a gear grinding tool having a plurality of spiral strips has been promoted. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, if a gear grinding tool 200 having two spiral threads 202a and 202b is used, the rotation speed of the gear to be ground 204 can be doubled, and the grinding time is greatly reduced. Shortening is possible.
[0007]
However, the conventional automatic meshing technique has been developed for a gear grinding tool having one helical strip, and if applied directly to a gear grinding tool 200 having two helical strips, a problem occurs. That is, even if an attempt is made to recognize each other's phase based on the difference between the timing of detecting the zero point position on the rotation of the gear grinding tool 200 and the timing of detecting each tooth of the gear to be ground 204, one rotation of the gear grinding tool 200 is performed. In this case, each tooth of the gear to be ground 204 is detected twice, so that processing is impossible or erroneous processing is performed at the second detection.
[0008]
On the other hand, if the gear to be ground is meshed after the gear grinding tool 200 is stopped without performing automatic meshing, the cycle time becomes longer, which is against the purpose of speeding up.
[0009]
Therefore, based on the conventional automatic meshing technique, that is, a gear grinding apparatus having a plurality of spiral strips based on a gear grinding apparatus for automatically meshing with a gear to be ground using a gear grinding tool having one spiral strip. Preferably, a tool can be applied.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and enables automatic reduction of a grinding cycle time by performing automatic meshing between a gear grinding tool having a plurality of spiral threads and a gear to be ground. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gear grinding device.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gear grinding device according to the present invention is configured to synchronously rotate a gear grinding tool having two or more spiral streaks and a gear to be ground, and to engage the tooth to be ground while meshing the spiral streaks with the tooth grooves of the gear to be ground. In a gear grinding apparatus for grinding a gear for use, a zero point position and a rotation change amount of the gear grinding tool are detected, and a pulse generator that outputs each as a pulse, and each tooth that passes along with the rotation of the gear to be ground. A tooth tip detection sensor that detects and outputs a pulse, and between the timing at which the pulse generator detects the zero point position and the timing at which the value of the pulse output by the tooth tip detection sensor switches, A pulse indicating the amount of rotation change is counted as the number of phase pulses, and thereafter, between two consecutive pulses output from the tooth tip detection sensor, the amount of rotation change of the gear grinding tool is indicated. A counter that counts loose as a pitch pulse count number, and a storage unit that stores the number of phase pulses as a stored phase pulse number when the phases of the gear to be ground and the gear grinding tool match. After the timing at which the pulse generator detects the zero point position, when the output signal of the tooth tip detection sensor switches first, the number of phase pulses newly counted by the first counter and the stored phase pulse Judgment of coincidence or disagreement with the number is performed, and thereafter, when a pulse output from the tooth tip detection sensor is generated, a preset value is set based on the number of the spiral streaks and the number of teeth of the gear to be ground. A phase coincidence determining unit for determining whether the pitch pulse storage number matches the pitch pulse count number or not; and When the stored phase pulse number matches, and the pitch pulse storage number matches the pitch pulse count number, the grinding gear is synchronously rotated, and the newly counted phase pulse number and the storage are stored. A rotation control unit that asynchronously rotates the gear to be ground when the number of phase pulses does not match, or when the number of stored pitch pulses and the number of pitch pulses do not match.
[0012]
As described above, after the timing at which the pulse generator detects the zero point position, the phase coincidence is determined first when the output signal of the tooth tip detection sensor switches, and thereafter, the pulse output from the tooth tip detection sensor is further determined. Is determined based on the preset number of stored pitch pulses, the phase between the gear to be ground and the gear grinding tool can be correctly determined. Therefore, by making the phases coincide, automatic engagement between the gear grinding tool having a plurality of spiral strips and the gear to be ground becomes possible, and the cycle time of grinding can be shortened.
[0013]
In this case, the phase match determination unit determines whether the pitch pulse storage number matches the pitch pulse count number after determining the match between the newly counted phase pulse number and the storage phase pulse number. When the determination is continuously performed one less number of times than the number of the spiral strips, the determination can be applied to the gear grinding tool having an arbitrary number of spiral strips.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a gear grinding device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the attached FIGS.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 1, the gear grinding device 10 according to the present embodiment includes a grinding section 10a that performs a grinding process, and a control section 10b that controls the operation of the grinding section 10a. The control unit 10b includes a control circuit 100 (see FIG. 4) for controlling an automatic meshing operation described later.
[0016]
In the grinding section 10a, a cutting table 14 is disposed on the upper surface of the bed 12, and the cutting table 14 moves forward and backward in the direction of the arrow X under the rotation of the cutting motor 16. The traverse table 18 provided on the upper surface of the cutting table 14 moves forward and backward in a direction perpendicular to the arrow X direction, that is, in the arrow Z direction under the rotation of the traverse motor 20.
[0017]
Further, on the traverse table 18, a gear 22 to be ground having a tooth profile formed in advance is detachably disposed, and a convex portion of the tooth of the gear 22 to be rotated is detected to detect the gear. A tooth tip detection sensor 24 composed of a proximity switch for generating a pulse is provided. The gear 22 to be ground rotates under the rotation of the work spindle motor 26, and the axis of this rotation is set to coincide with the direction of movement of the traverse table 18.
[0018]
On the other hand, a column 28 is disposed in the traveling direction of the cutting table 14 and on the bed 12, and the turning table 30 is held by the column 28. The swivel table 30 can be swiveled in the direction of arrow C by a swivel motor 31 disposed in the column 28. Further, the swivel table 30 is provided with a shift table 32, which is operated by a shift motor 34. And can be moved in the direction of arrow D.
[0019]
As schematically shown in FIG. 2, the shift table 32 is provided with a tool spindle unit 36. The tool spindle unit 36 basically includes a tool spindle motor 38, a tool shaft 41 rotated by the tool spindle motor 38, and a first pulse generator 46 for detecting the rotation of the tool shaft 41.
[0020]
The first pulse generator 46 outputs an A-phase signal Ea that generates a pulse according to the rotation change amount of the tool shaft 41, and a Z-phase signal Eb that indicates a zero point position on the rotation of the tool shaft 41.
[0021]
The gear grinding tool 42 which rotates under the action of the tool spindle motor 38 has a cylindrical shape, and is provided with two spiral threads 47a and 47b made of a grindstone for grinding the gear 22 to be ground on its peripheral edge. The spiral strips 47a and 47b move a distance equivalent to two pitches (two teeth) of the gear 22 to be ground per rotation of the tool shaft 41.
[0022]
On the other hand, a tool spindle unit 36 is mounted on the shift table 32. The shift table 32 is connected to a ball screw 35, and the ball screw 35 is rotated by a shift motor 34. Accordingly, the tool spindle unit 36 and the gear grinding tool 42 are displaced in the direction of arrow D together with the shift table 32 under the driving action of the shift motor 34.
[0023]
The cutting motor 16, the traverse motor 20, the work spindle motor 26, and the tool spindle motor 38 are stepping motors, and rotate according to the number of pulses supplied from the control unit 10b. The rotation angle per pulse is a minute angle, and precise rotation control is performed based on the number of supplied pulses.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 3, the gear 22 to be ground is detachably supported by a pair of clamp jigs 50. The clamp jig 50 is connected to one end of an electromagnetic clutch 51 for connecting or disconnecting rotation, and the other end of the electromagnetic clutch 51 is connected to a traction drive 52 as a power transmission mechanism. The traction drive 52 is connected to one end of the work spindle motor 26 via a rotation shaft 53. At the other end of the work spindle motor 26, a second pulse generator 54 for detecting the rotation amount of the rotating shaft 53 is provided. The rotation shaft 53 is provided with an inertia damper 56 having a function of stabilizing rotation.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 4, a control circuit 100 that controls the automatic meshing operation receives signals from the tooth tip detection sensor 24 and the first pulse generator 46, and controls the cutting motor 16, the work spindle A control signal is output to the motor 26 and the electromagnetic clutch 51.
[0026]
The control circuit 100 processes the output signals of the tooth tip detection sensor 24 and the first pulse generator 46, and determines the coincidence or non-coincidence of the phase between the gear 22 to be ground and the gear grinding tool 42. And a rotation control unit 104 that controls the rotation of the work spindle motor 26 in accordance with the coincidence signal ST1 and the non-coincidence signal ST2 output from the input signal processing unit 102. Further, the control circuit 100 controls the cutting mechanism control unit 106 for enabling or disabling the operation of the cutting motor 16 in accordance with the phase matching signal ST1, and the electromagnetic clutch 51 so that the work spindle motor 26 And a clutch control unit 108 for connecting and disconnecting the gear 22.
[0027]
The input signal processing unit 102 includes a waveform shaping circuit 110 that outputs a shaped pulse P0 obtained by shaping the distorted pulse waveform output from the tooth tip detection sensor 24 into a square, and an A-phase signal Ea, a Z-phase signal Eb, and a shaped pulse P0. It has a first counter 116 to be input, and a counter memory circuit 118 (phase coincidence determination unit) connected to the first counter 116 and to which the Z-phase signal Eb and the shaping pulse P0 are input. When the distortion included in the pulse waveform output from the tooth tip detection sensor 24 is small, the waveform shaping circuit 110 may be omitted.
[0028]
The first counter 116 counts the A-phase signal Ea based on the timing of the Z-phase signal Eb and the shaping pulse P0, and supplies the count value to the counter memory circuit 118 as the number N1 of phase pulses. Further, the first counter 116 counts the A-phase signal Ea between two consecutive shaped pulses P0 output from the tooth tip detection sensor 24, and counts this count value as a pitch pulse count number N2 to the counter memory circuit 118. Supply. That is, the first counter 116 counts the number of phase pulses N1 from the rising of the Z-phase signal Eb to the rising of the shaping pulse P0, and then counts the pitch pulse count N2 until the rising of the next shaping pulse P0. I do. The counting of the pitch pulse count N2 is stopped when the Z-phase signal Eb rises, and the counting of the phase pulse count N1 is started again.
[0029]
Note that the count processing of the phase pulse number N1 and the count processing of the pitch pulse count number N2 may be performed by individual counters.
[0030]
The counter memory circuit 118 is connected to a dip switch 119 for setting a numerical value required for the process of determining a phase match. In the dip switch 119, the number of times of performing the phase matching determination process and the pitch pulse storage number L which is the number of pulses of the Z-phase signal Eb supplied between two consecutive shaping pulses P0 are set.
[0031]
The number of determinations is set to be one less than the number of threads provided in the gear grinding tool 42, and in the present embodiment, “1” is set to one less than the number of threads “2” of the gear grinding tool 42. It is assumed that
[0032]
The pitch pulse storage number L is obtained from the resolution of the A-phase signal Ea (the number of pulses per rotation) and the number of teeth of the gear grinding tool 42.
[0033]
Further, a teaching switch (not shown) is connected to the counter memory circuit 118. When the teaching switch is turned on, the supplied phase pulse number N1 is stored as the storage phase pulse number N0. An allowable width w sufficiently smaller than the number of stored phase pulses N0 is calculated. The storage phase pulse number N0 and the allowable width w are stored in the storage unit 118a. The allowable width w is a reference value for allowing a slight phase shift while the grinding gear 22 is being ground. The storage unit 118a may be provided outside the counter memory circuit 118. The allowable width w may be a predetermined constant based on a general numerical value of the number N0 of storage phase pulses.
[0034]
Further, the counter memory circuit 118 compares the number N1 of phase pulses supplied from the first counter 116 with the number N0 of stored phase pulses at the rise of the first shaped pulse P0 after the rise of the Z-phase signal Eb. When the number N1 of phase pulses and the number N0 of stored phase pulses match, the coincidence signal ST1 to be output is set to the logical value “1”, and the mismatch signal ST2 is set to the logical value “0”. When the number N1 of phase pulses and the number N0 of stored phase pulses do not match, the coincidence signal ST1 is set to a logical value “0”, and the mismatch signal ST2 is set to a logical value “1”.
[0035]
Further, the counter memory circuit 118 thereafter compares the pitch pulse count number N2 supplied from the first counter 116 with the stored pitch pulse number L at the time of the next rise of the shaped pulse P0. When the pitch pulse count number N2 matches the pitch pulse storage number L, the match signal ST1 is set to a logical value "1" and the mismatch signal ST2 is set to a logical value "0". When the pitch pulse count number N2 and the pitch pulse storage number L do not match, the match signal ST1 is set to the logical value "0" and the mismatch signal ST2 is set to the logical value "1".
[0036]
However, since the gear 22 to be ground has heat treatment distortion in the heat treatment step, it is necessary to allow a slight phase shift. Therefore, while the grinding gear 22 is being ground, as shown in FIG. 5, the phase pulse number N1 is within the range of N0 ± w, or the pitch pulse count number N2 is within the range of L ± w. If it is within the range, the coincidence signal ST1 is held as the logical value “1”.
[0037]
FIG. 5 shows a time chart of the A-phase signal Ea, the Z-phase signal Eb, the shaping pulse P0, and the coincidence signal ST1 while the grinding target gear 22 is being ground. In FIG. 5, a signal serving as a reference for the number N1 of phase pulses is represented as an internal signal Q. The internal signal Q has a logical value “1” while the number of pulses of the A-phase signal Ea is N0 ± w from the rise of the Z-phase signal Eb (for example, time t0), and the rise of the shaped pulse P0 (for example, , While the number of pulses of the A-phase signal Ea from time t1) is L ± w, the signal has the logical value “1”. Among these, the latter, that is, the number of times the internal signal Q becomes the logical value “1” while the number of pulses of the A-phase signal Ea from the rising of the shaping pulse P0 is L ± w is set by the dip switch 119. This is the number of determinations (once in this embodiment).
[0038]
When the shaped pulse P0 first rises after the rise of the Z-phase signal Eb (for example, at time t1), the counter memory circuit 118 compares the number N1 of phase pulses supplied from the first counter 116 with N0 ± w. If the number N1 of phase pulses is within the range of N0 ± w, the coincidence signal ST1 is set to the logical value “1”. When the shaped pulse P0 subsequently rises, the pitch pulse count number N2 supplied from the first counter 116 is compared with L ± w, and if the pitch pulse count number N2 is within the range of L ± w, the pitch pulse count number N2 is within L ± w. The signal ST1 is set to the logical value “1”. The mismatch signal ST2 (see FIG. 4) is output as the inverse logic of the match signal ST1.
[0039]
As described above, the logical value of the internal signal Q becomes “1” twice every period in which the Z-phase signal Eb rises. In addition, since the timing is set based on the number of stored phase pulses N0 and the number of stored pitch pulses L, the timing is matched with the rise of the shaped pulse P0, and accurate phase confirmation is performed.
[0040]
If there is no processing that the internal signal Q becomes the logical value “1” based on the pitch pulse storage number L, the second shaped pulse P0 is supplied after the rising of the Z-phase signal Eb (for example, At time t2), processing becomes impossible or erroneous processing is performed. In the present embodiment, such a situation can be avoided by a process in which the internal signal Q becomes a logical value “1” based on the number of stored pitch pulses L.
[0041]
Further, at the time of the rising of the shaping pulse P0, that is, each time the teeth of the gear to be ground 22 are detected, it is possible to confirm the coincidence of the phases, so that more accurate phase matching can be performed.
[0042]
Note that while the grinding gear 22 is being ground, the coincidence signal ST1 always has a logical value "1". However, in FIG. 5, for the sake of convenience, the coincidence signal ST1 is at time t1. The logic values are shown as changing.
[0043]
Referring back to FIG. 4, the rotation control unit 104 is supplied with the A-phase signal Ea of the first pulse generator 46, divides the A-phase signal Ea, and outputs divided pulses P1 and P2. And a first AND gate 122 to which the frequency division pulse P1 and the coincidence signal ST1 are input, and a second AND gate 124 to which the frequency division pulse P2 and the non-coincidence signal ST2 are input. The rotation control unit 104 further includes an OR gate 126 to which a logical product signal output from each of the first and second AND gates 122 and 124 is input, and an OR signal output from the OR gate 126 to amplify the OR signal to output the work spindle. A first amplifier 128 for rotating the motor 26.
[0044]
The index calculation circuit 120 is provided with a constant setting section (not shown). The constant setting section includes the number of teeth of the gear grinding tool 42, the number of teeth of the gear 22 to be ground, and the traction drive. A speed reduction ratio of 52 is set. The index calculation circuit 120 calculates the synchronous rotation speed ratio α between the gear grinding tool 42 and the work spindle motor 26 based on these set values. The index calculation circuit 120 outputs a signal obtained by dividing the pulse train of the input A-phase signal Ea by the synchronous rotation speed ratio α as a divided pulse P1.
[0045]
Further, a constant δ having an absolute value smaller than the synchronous rotation speed ratio α is set in the index calculation circuit 120, and a signal obtained by dividing the pulse train of the input A-phase signal Ea by (α + δ) is divided into a divided pulse P2. Is output as
[0046]
With such a configuration of the rotation control unit 104, when the phase of the gear to be ground 22 and the phase of the gear grinding tool 42 match, the first AND gate 122 is enabled by the match signal ST1, and the frequency-divided pulse P1 is changed to the first pulse. It is supplied to the work spindle motor 26 via the AND gate 122 and the OR gate 126 and the first amplifier 128. As a result, when the phase of the gear 22 to be ground and the phase of the gear grinding tool 42 coincide, the gear 22 to be ground rotates at a synchronous speed under the action of the work spindle motor 26.
[0047]
When the phase of the gear 22 to be ground and the phase of the gear grinding tool 42 do not match, the second AND gate 124 is enabled by the mismatch signal ST2, the frequency-divided pulse P2 passes through the second AND gate 124, and the OR gate 126 Then, the power is supplied to the work spindle motor 26 via the first amplifier 128. As a result, when the phases of the gear 22 to be ground and the gear grinding tool 42 do not match, the gear 22 to be ground rotates at a speed slightly different from the synchronous speed (asynchronous speed) under the action of the work spindle motor 26. When the grinding gear 22 rotates at an asynchronous speed, the phases of the grinding gear 22 and the gear grinding tool 42 eventually coincide.
[0048]
The cutting mechanism control unit 106 includes a second counter 132 and a cutting instruction circuit 134 for instructing the rotation speed of the cutting motor 16. Further, the cutting mechanism control unit 106 amplifies a third AND gate 136 to which the output signal of the second counter 132 and the pulse train P3 are input, and an AND signal output by the third AND gate 136 to perform the cutting. A second amplifier 138 for rotating the motor 16.
[0049]
The second counter 132 counts the number of oscillation pulses of the oscillation circuit 130 when the coincidence signal ST1 has the logical value “1”, and after the count value reaches K times which is a predetermined constant, the logical value “1”. , And acts as a kind of delay timer. The cut instruction circuit 134 outputs a pulse train P3 that regulates the rotation of the cut motor 16.
[0050]
When the second counter 132 outputs the logical value “1”, the third AND gate 136 becomes valid. At this time, the pulse train P3 is supplied to the cutting motor 16 via the third AND gate 136 and the second amplifier 138, and the cutting motor 16 rotates. Note that a forward / reverse rotation instruction signal (not shown) for specifying the rotation direction is supplied to the cut motor 16, and the cut motor 16 rotates in the direction specified by the forward / reverse rotation instruction signal.
[0051]
When the coincidence signal ST1 has the logical value “0”, or when the coincidence signal ST1 has the logical value “1” but the period does not reach K times of the oscillation pulse, the second counter 132 clears the count. At the same time, the output signal is set to the logical value “0”. Therefore, the pulse train P3 is cut off by the third AND gate 136.
[0052]
The oscillation pulse supplied to the second counter 132 is not limited to the one generated by the oscillation circuit 130, and may be the Z-phase signal Eb or the shaped pulse P0.
[0053]
The clutch control unit 108 includes a connection determination unit 140 that determines connection and disconnection of the electromagnetic clutch 51, and a third amplifier that amplifies an output signal of the connection determination unit 140 to control the electromagnetic clutch 51 and perform connection and disconnection. 142.
[0054]
Next, a method of performing the grinding by automatically meshing the gear to be ground 22 and the gear grinding tool 42 using the gear grinding apparatus 10 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
[0055]
First, in step S1 of FIG. 6, the electromagnetic clutch 51 is turned off by the operation of the clutch control unit 108 to disconnect the work spindle motor 26 from the grinding gear 22. As a result, the grinding gear 22 can be manually turned. The tool spindle motor 38 is stopped.
[0056]
Next, in step S2, the cutting motor 16 is rotated to advance the cutting table 14 (see FIG. 1) at a low speed. When the cutting table 14 moves forward, the gear 22 to be ground is manually rotated to guide the tooth grooves of the gear 22 to be ground so that the spiral grooves 47a and 47b of the gear grinding tool 42 mesh with each other. After the tooth groove of the gear to be ground 22 and the spiral ridges 47a and 47b of the gear grinding tool 42 are securely engaged, the forward movement of the cutting table 14 is stopped.
[0057]
Next, in step S3, the tool spindle motor 38 is rotated at a low speed. The gear grinding tool 42 is rotated by the tool spindle motor 38, and the gear 22 to be ground engaged with the gear grinding tool 42 is also driven to rotate.
[0058]
The first counter 116 clears the number of phase pulses N1 up to the previous time when the Z-phase signal Eb rises, starts counting the number of pulses of the A-phase signal Ea, and counts until the rise of the shaped pulse P0. The newly counted number N1 of phase pulses is supplied to the counter memory circuit 118 (see FIG. 4).
[0059]
Further, in step S4, teaching of phase matching is performed. Specifically, the teaching switch is turned on, and the number N1 of phase pulses is stored in the counter memory circuit 118. When recognizing that the teaching switch has been turned on, the counter memory circuit 118 stores the number of phase pulses N1 supplied immediately thereafter as the number of stored phase pulses N0 and calculates the allowable width w.
[0060]
Note that the pitch pulse storage number L is set by the dip switch 119 as described above, but may be taught based on the A-phase signal Ea. That is, the pitch pulse storage number L is the number of pulses of the A-phase signal Ea between two adjacent shaping pulses P0, and thus this number may be counted and stored.
[0061]
Next, in step S5, the cutting table 14 (see FIG. 1) is moved backward. The gear 22 to be ground is separated from the gear grinding tool 42 and then stops. At this time, the counter memory circuit 118 holds the stored phase pulse number N0 and the allowable width w.
[0062]
Next, in step S6, the electromagnetic clutch 51 is turned on, and the work spindle motor 26 and the grinding gear 22 are connected.
[0063]
Further, in step S7, the tool spindle motor 38 is energized to rotate the gear grinding tool 42 at a specified speed. Further, the work spindle motor 26 is biased by the rotation control unit 104 to rotate the gear 22 to be ground via the electromagnetic clutch 51 in the connected state.
[0064]
At this time, the first counter 116 of the input signal processing unit 102 counts the number N1 of phase pulses from the rise of the Z-phase signal Eb to the rise of the shaped pulse P0, and then to the rise of the next shaped pulse P0. The pitch pulse count number N2 is counted. The phase pulse number N1 and the pitch pulse count number N2 are supplied to the counter memory circuit 118.
[0065]
As described above, the counter memory circuit 118 compares the number N1 of phase pulses supplied from the first counter 116 with the number N0 of stored phase pulses at the rise of the first shaped pulse P0 after the rise of the Z-phase signal Eb. , The match signal ST1 is set to logical values “1” and “0” in accordance with the match and the mismatch.
[0066]
The counter memory circuit 118 thereafter compares the pitch pulse count number N2 supplied from the first counter 116 with the stored pitch pulse number L at the time of the next rising of the shaped pulse P0. The signal ST1 has logical values “1” and “0”. The non-coincidence signal ST2 has reverse logic to the coincidence signal ST1. At this point, the allowable width w is not referred to.
[0067]
Generally, in the initial state, the phase of the gear 22 to be ground and the gear grinding tool 42 are relatively large, so that the number N1 of phase pulses and the number N0 of stored phase pulses do not match, and the coincidence signal ST1 has the logical value “ 0 ", and the mismatch signal ST2 has a logical value" 1 ".
[0068]
The first AND gate 122 (see FIG. 4) of the rotation control unit 104 becomes invalid because the input coincidence signal ST1 has the logical value “0”. Accordingly, the frequency division pulse P1 input to the first AND gate 122 is cut off. On the other hand, the second AND gate 124 (see FIG. 4) becomes valid because the input non-coincidence signal ST2 has the logical value "1". The frequency-divided pulse P2 input to the second AND gate 124 passes through the second AND gate 124 and the OR gate 126, is amplified by the first amplifier 128, and is supplied to the work spindle motor 26 (see FIG. 4). The frequency-divided pulse P2 is a signal obtained by frequency-dividing the A-phase signal Ea by a value (α + δ) obtained by adding the synchronous rotation speed ratio α and the constant δ. It will rotate at a speed slightly different from the speed.
[0069]
Further, since the coincidence signal ST1 has the logical value "0", the second counter 132 (see FIG. 4) of the cutting mechanism control unit 106 is invalid, and as a result, the cutting motor 16 is not driven and the cutting The table 14 holds the stopped state. That is, the second counter 132 has a kind of interlock action on the cutting mechanism.
[0070]
Further, in this step S7, a counter (not shown) for counting the number of output pulse signals of the second pulse generator 54 (see FIG. 3) in one cycle of the signal of the shaping pulse P0 is used for grinding. An erroneous attachment of the gear 22 may be detected.
[0071]
Next, in step S8 of FIG. 7, the counter memory circuit 118 outputs the coincidence signal ST1 until the phase pulse number N1 and the stored phase pulse number N0 match and the pitch pulse count number N2 and the pitch pulse storage number L match. As a logical value "0" and the mismatch signal ST2 as a logical value "1". During this time, since the gear 22 to be ground is rotating at a speed slightly different from the synchronous speed, the phases of the gear 22 to be ground and the gear grinding tool 42 eventually coincide.
[0072]
Next, in step S9, when the phase pulse number N1 matches the stored phase pulse number N0 and the pitch pulse count number N2 matches the pitch pulse storage number L, the counter memory circuit 118 outputs the match signal ST1 and the mismatch signal ST2 is inverted. That is, the coincidence signal ST1 is output as a logical value “1”, and the non-coincidence signal ST2 is output as a logical value “0”.
[0073]
The second AND gate 124 of the rotation control unit 104 becomes invalid because the input mismatch signal ST2 has the logical value “0”. Accordingly, the frequency division pulse P2 input to the second AND gate 124 is cut off. On the other hand, the first AND gate 122 is enabled because the input match signal ST1 has the logical value “1”. The frequency-divided pulse P1 input to the first AND gate 122 passes through the first AND gate 122 and the OR gate 126, is amplified by the first amplifier 128, and is supplied to the work spindle motor 26. Since the frequency-divided pulse P1 is a signal obtained by frequency-dividing the A-phase signal Ea by the synchronous rotation speed ratio α, as a result, the grinding gear 22 rotates at the synchronous speed.
[0074]
Further, since the coincidence signal ST1 has the logical value “1”, the second counter 132 of the cutting mechanism control unit 106 is enabled, and the counting of the oscillation pulse output from the oscillation circuit 130 is started.
[0075]
Next, in step S10, the process waits until the count value of the second counter 132 of the cutting mechanism control unit 106 reaches K times. After the count value reaches K times, the second counter 132 outputs a logical value “1”, and proceeds to the next step S13. However, if the input coincidence signal ST1 becomes a logical value "0" before the count value reaches K times (step S11), the counting is stopped at that time and the count value is cleared (step S12). In this case, the process returns to step S8.
[0076]
In step S13, since the output signal of the second counter 132 has the logical value "1", the third AND gate 136 to which the output signal is input becomes valid. Accordingly, the pulse train P3 output from the cutting instruction circuit 134 is supplied to the cutting motor 16 after being amplified by the second amplifier 138 via the third AND gate 136. Thereby, the cutting motor 16 is energized and the cutting table 14 moves forward.
[0077]
At this time, the phases of the gear 22 to be ground and the gear grinding tool 42 match, so that the spiral strips 47a and 47b of the gear grinding tool 42 automatically mesh with the tooth grooves of the gear 22 to be ground. That is, automatic meshing can be performed while the gear to be ground 22 and the gear grinding tool 42 are rotating.
[0078]
In addition, since the automatic meshing is not performed immediately after the coincidence signal ST1 becomes the logical value "1", the apparatus waits for a period until the count value of the second counter 132 reaches K times (the above-described step S10). The automatic meshing can be performed in a state where the phases of the gear 22 and the gear grinding tool 42 match and the synchronous rotation is stable.
[0079]
Next, in step S14, the tooth surface of the gear 22 to be ground is ground by the spiral strips 47a and 47b by moving the cutting table 14 to a predetermined position. At this time, since the grinding is performed by the two spiral strips 47a and 47b, the grinding can be performed faster than in the case of the single spiral strip.
[0080]
Further, since the grinding gear 22 receives a load caused by grinding from the spiral threads 47a and 47b, the phase between the gear grinding tool 42 and the grinding gear 22 is slightly shifted. In order to allow this phase shift, the counter memory circuit 118 compares the number of phase pulses N1 with a value obtained by adding the width of the allowable width w to the number of stored phase pulses N0. The pitch pulse count number N2 is compared with a value obtained by adding the allowable width w to the pitch pulse storage number L. That is, if the phase pulse number N1 is within the range of N0 ± w and the pitch pulse count number N2 is within the range of L ± w, the coincidence signal ST1 is continuously output as the logical value “1”.
[0081]
Next, in step S15, after the grinding of the gear 22 to be ground at this point is completed, the cutting table 14 is retracted, and the electromagnetic clutch 51 is turned off. As a result, the rotation of the grinding gear 22 that has finished grinding is stopped, and the grinding gear 22 is removed from the clamp jig 50 (see FIG. 3) (step S16).
[0082]
Further, in step S17, it is determined whether or not grinding has been completed for all of the gears 22 to be ground. When the grinding of all the gears 22 to be ground is completed, the tool spindle motor 38 and the work spindle motor 26 are stopped, and the grinding process is completed.
[0083]
If there is an unground grinding gear 22, the grinding gear 22 is mounted on the clamp jig 50 (see FIG. 3) (step S18), and the process returns to step S6. In this case, since the tool spindle motor 38 keeps rotating, there is no standby time required for acceleration / deceleration, and the process can be shifted to the grinding process quickly. At this point, the stored phase pulse number N0 and the allowable width w have already been set, so that it is not necessary to perform the initial teaching process (steps S1 to S5) for phase confirmation again.
[0084]
The control circuit 100 used in the gear grinding apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is a conventional technique, that is, a gear grinding that automatically meshes with a gear to be ground using a gear grinding tool having one spiral thread. The device can be used as a base. That is, the internal processing of the input signal processing unit 102 in the control circuit may be changed, and the DIP switch 119 may be added. Therefore, if the gear grinding device according to the prior art is already prepared, the multi-gear grinding tool 42 can be applied in a short period of time and at low cost by modification.
[0085]
In the method of automatically meshing the gear 22 to be ground with the gear grinding tool 42 and further grinding the gear 22 to be ground, a portion performed by an operator is basically the same as the method according to the related art. It is. Therefore, an operator operating the gear grinding device according to the related art can operate the gear grinding device 10 according to the present embodiment without requiring skill.
[0086]
In the counter memory circuit 118, the phase coincidence can be confirmed each time each tooth of the gear 22 to be ground is detected, so that more accurate phase matching can be performed.
[0087]
Further, even when the number of spiral threads of the gear grinding tool 42 is one or three or more, the present invention can be applied by changing the setting of the dip switch 119.
[0088]
The control circuit 100 may partially use a software function using a microcomputer or the like.
[0089]
The gear grinding device according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can adopt various configurations without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0090]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the gear grinding device of the present invention, the automatic grinding of the gear grinding tool having a plurality of spiral threads and the gear to be ground is achieved, and the effect of reducing the cycle time of grinding is achieved. can do.
[0091]
Also, based on a conventional automatic meshing technique, that is, a gear grinding apparatus that performs automatic meshing with a gear to be ground using a gear grinding tool having one spiral strip, the input signal processing unit in the control circuit is provided. By changing the internal processing, a plurality of gear grinding tools can be applied.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a gear grinding device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing a positional relationship between a gear to be ground and a gear grinding tool.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural explanatory view showing a connection state between a gear to be ground and a work spindle motor.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a control circuit that controls an automatic meshing operation.
FIG. 5 is a time chart showing the relationship among an A-phase signal, a Z-phase signal, a shaped pulse, an internal signal, and a coincidence signal.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart (part 1) illustrating a procedure of a phase teaching process and an automatic meshing operation.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart (part 2) illustrating a procedure of a phase teaching process and an automatic meshing operation.
FIG. 8 is a schematic explanatory view showing a state in which a gear to be ground is ground by a gear grinding tool having two spiral threads.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Gear grinding device 14 ... Cut table 16 ... Cut motor 18 ... Traverse table 20 ... Traverse motor 22 ... Grounding gear 24 ... Tooth tip detection sensor 26 ... Work spindle motor 42 ... Gear grinding tool 46,54 ... Pulse Generators 47a, 47b Spiral strip 51 Electromagnetic clutch 100 Control circuit 102 Input signal processing unit 104 Rotation control unit 106 Cutting mechanism control unit 108 Clutch control unit 110 Waveform shaping circuits 116 and 132 Counter 118 ... Counter memory circuit 118a ... Storage unit 119 ... Dip switch 120 ... Indexing operation circuit 122,124,136 ... AND gate 126 ... OR gate Ea ... A phase signal Eb ... Z phase signal N0 ... Number of stored phase pulses N1 ... Scan number N2 ... pitch pulse count L ... pitch pulse storage number P0 ... shaped pulse w ... tolerance

Claims (2)

In a gear grinding apparatus for synchronously rotating a gear grinding tool having two or more spiral streaks and a gear to be ground, and grinding the gear to be ground while meshing the spiral streaks with the tooth grooves of the gear to be ground. ,
A pulse generator that detects a zero point position and a rotation change amount of the gear grinding tool, and outputs each as a pulse,
A tooth tip detection sensor that detects each tooth passing along with the rotation of the grinding gear and outputs the pulse as a pulse,
Between the timing at which the pulse generator detects the zero point position and the timing at which the value of the pulse output from the tooth tip detection sensor switches, a pulse indicating the amount of rotation change of the gear grinding tool is counted as the number of phase pulses. And thereafter, a counter that counts a pulse indicating a rotation change amount of the gear grinding tool as a pitch pulse count number between two consecutive pulses output by the tooth tip detection sensor,
When the phase of the gear to be ground and the phase of the gear grinding tool coincide, a storage unit that stores the number of phase pulses as a stored number of phase pulses,
After the timing at which the pulse generator detects the zero point position, when the output signal of the tooth tip detection sensor switches first, the number of phase pulses newly counted by the first counter and the stored phase pulse Judgment of coincidence or disagreement with the number is performed, and thereafter, when a pulse output from the tooth tip detection sensor is generated, a preset value is set based on the number of the spiral streaks and the number of teeth of the gear to be ground. A phase match determination unit for determining whether the pitch pulse storage number matches the pitch pulse count number or not,
When the newly counted phase pulse number and the stored phase pulse number match, and the pitch pulse storage number and the pitch pulse count number match, synchronously rotate the gear to be ground, Rotation control for asynchronously rotating the grinding gear when the newly counted number of phase pulses does not match the number of stored phase pulses or when the number of stored pitch pulses does not match the number of pitch pulses. Department and
A gear grinding device comprising: The gear grinding device according to claim 1,
The phase coincidence determination unit, after determining the coincidence between the newly counted number of phase pulses and the stored phase pulse number, determines whether the pitch pulse storage number and the pitch pulse count number match or mismatch, A gear grinding apparatus characterized by continuously executing the number of times less than the number of the spiral strips by one.

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