JP2004010839A - Thermosetting resin having benzoxazine structure, resin composition and cured material - Google Patents

Thermosetting resin having benzoxazine structure, resin composition and cured material Download PDF

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JP2004010839A
JP2004010839A JP2002169213A JP2002169213A JP2004010839A JP 2004010839 A JP2004010839 A JP 2004010839A JP 2002169213 A JP2002169213 A JP 2002169213A JP 2002169213 A JP2002169213 A JP 2002169213A JP 2004010839 A JP2004010839 A JP 2004010839A
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resin
thermosetting resin
group
weight
parts
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Nobuyuki Furukawa
古川 信之
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Nippon Steel Chemical and Materials Co Ltd
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Nippon Steel Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new resin excellent in heat resistance and mechanical characteristics of its cured material and improving flame retardant property, and a resin composition containing the same. <P>SOLUTION: The thermosetting resin has a biphenylene structure and benzoxazine structure, expressed by formula (1) [wherein, R<SB>1</SB>is a 1-10C organic group; R<SB>2</SB>is H or a 1-6C hydrocarbon; and (n) is 1-10 integer]. The thermosetting resin composition can be prepared by blending another benzoxazine resin, or an epoxy resin or a polyamide resin with the same resin. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐熱性、硬化特性、難燃性に優れ、機械的特性も良好なビフェニル構造とベンゾキサジン環構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂(以下、BXZ樹脂ともいう)に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂等様々な熱硬化性樹脂が開発され、それぞれの樹脂特性に合った分野へ応用されている。最近、プリント配線板用銅張積層板、多層配線板用接着剤、半導体用封止材料、半導体実装用接着剤、半導体搭載用モジュール、あるいは、自動車用、航空機用、建築部材等に用いられる部品等に用いられる硬化性樹脂において、高温・高湿下での安定性や信頼性に優れた樹脂材料が求められている。また、環境低負荷化の観点から、ハロゲンフリー難燃性を有する樹脂材料が強く望まれている。
【0003】
近年、ベンゾキサジン樹脂が、従来のフェノール樹脂に比較して、硬化物の耐熱性、耐湿性が良好な樹脂であることが報告されている(H. Ishida, et al., J. Polym. Sci., Vol. 32, p921 (1994), H. Ishida, et al., J.Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol. 61, 1595 (1996))。また、これらの樹脂は、開環重合反応性を有しているため、低硬化収縮性を示し、開環反応後の硬化物は、低熱膨張性を有しているなど様々な特徴を有することも示されている(H. Ishida, et al., J. Polym. Sci., Vol.34, 1019 (1994),)。更に、これらは、エポキシ樹脂とも反応性を示し、硬化剤として有効であることも示されている(特開平4−227922号公報)。しかしながら、従来のこれらの樹脂は、一般に硬化反応が終了後の硬化物特性において、靭性に乏しく、機械的特性や電気的特性においても特性が充分とはいえなかった。また、その他の樹脂と複合化を図る上において、各種溶剤や樹脂への溶解性が要求されるが、従来報告されている上記樹脂は、溶剤や液状エポキシ樹脂等の他の有機物質への溶解性に劣っていた。
【0004】
BXZ樹脂は、下記反応式に示されるように、フェノール化合物、一級アミン及び一級アルデヒドから合成することができる。フェノールを原料に、一級アミンとしてアニリン、一級アルデヒドとしてホルムアルデヒドを用いた場合を下記反応式に示す。
【化5】

Figure 2004010839
このようにして得られるBZX樹脂は単一の化合物の場合もあるが、多くの場合、オリゴマー、フェノール樹脂等の副生物を含む混合物であるが、主成分は上記反応生成物である。
【0005】。
このBXZ樹脂は、下記反応式に示すように、加熱により開環重合反応を起こし、フェノール性水酸基と三級アミノ基を生成する。
【化6】
Figure 2004010839
ビスフェノール類あるいはフェノール樹脂を原料に用いた場合、二官能性BXZ樹脂あるいは多官能性BXZ樹脂が得られ、開環重合反応に伴い三次元架橋反応が進行し、良好な機械的特性を有する硬化物が得られる。
【0006】
BXZ樹脂(二官能性BXZ樹脂を含む)及びその組成物は、特公昭49−47378号公報、特開平2−69567号公報、特開平4−227922号公報等で知られている。しかし、これらは、従来の硬化性樹脂に比較して難燃性が向上し、硬化した後の硬化物の機械的特性においても良好であることが報告されている。しかし、難燃性、機械的特性、さらには誘電率等の電気的特性において更なる特性向上が望まれていた。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、硬化後において、耐熱性、難燃性、機械的特性、電気的特性等に優れた特性を有する新規なBXZ樹脂を提供するものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明は、下記一般式(1)で表されるベンゾキサジン構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂である。
【化7】
Figure 2004010839
(式中、Rは炭素数1〜10の有機基、Rは水素又は炭素数1〜6の炭化水素基、nは1〜10の整数を示す)
また、本発明は、前記の熱硬化性樹脂とそれが開環重合して生じた重合物からなる熱硬化性樹脂である。
ここで、上記一般式(1)のRは、フェニル基、メチルフェニル基、アリルフェニル基、エチニルフェニル基及びエチニルオキシフェニル基のいずれかであることは好ましい例である。そして、下記一般式(2)で表される熱硬化性樹脂は、本発明の熱硬化性樹脂の好ましい一例である。
【化8】
Figure 2004010839
(式中、Rは水素又は炭素数1〜4の有機基を示し、nは1〜10の整数を示す)
【0009】
更に、本発明は、式(3)で表されるフェノール樹脂と、式(4)で表されるアミンと、RCHOで表されるアルデヒド(但し、式中、R、R、R、nは、式(1)及び式(2)と同じ意味を示す)とを、フェノール性水酸基(OH)、アミノ基(NH)及びアルデヒド基(CHO)のモル比が、OH:NH:CHO=1:1.8〜2.2:3.6〜4.4となる割合で反応させることを特徴とするベンゾキサジン構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂の製造方法である。
【化9】
Figure 2004010839
【化10】
Figure 2004010839
【0010】
また、本発明は、ベンゾキサジン環構造を有する硬化性樹脂を10wt%以上含有する硬化性樹脂組成物である。
かかる硬化性樹脂組成物としては、a)前記熱硬化性樹脂の製造方法で副生する樹脂成分を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物や、b)前記熱硬化性樹脂10重量部に他のベンゾキサジン環構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂を1〜100重量部配合した熱硬化性樹脂組成物や、c)前記熱硬化性樹脂10重量部にエポキシ樹脂を1〜100重量部配合した硬化性樹脂組成物や、d)前記熱硬化性樹脂10重量部に他のベンゾキサジン環構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂を1〜100重量部とエポキシ樹脂を1〜100重量部配合した硬化性樹脂組成物、あるいは、e)前記熱硬化性樹脂10重量部にポリイミド樹脂を1〜100重量部配合した硬化性樹脂組成物、f)前記熱硬化性樹脂10重量部に他のベンゾキサジン環構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂を1〜100重量部とポリイミド樹脂を1〜100重量部配合した硬化性樹脂が好ましい例として挙げられる。
【0011】
更に、本発明は前記の硬化性樹脂又は硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させてなる硬化物である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の熱硬化性樹脂は、ベンゾキサジン環を有する構成単位をビフェニルジメチレン構造を介して結合した構造を有する多官能性のBXZ樹脂である(以下、本発明のBXZ樹脂ともいう)。この樹脂は、硬化後においては、良好な機械的特性、電気的特性を有するとともに、耐熱性と耐薬品性を有する硬化物となる。
【0013】
本発明のBXZ樹脂は、上記一般式(1)で表される熱硬化性樹脂又はこれとそのオリゴマー又は部分硬化物の混合物である。ここで、そのオリゴマーとは、前記反応式のように開環重合したものであるが、硬化するに至っていないものを言い、部分硬化物とは開環重合したものであるが、一部が硬化するに至ったものを言う。好ましくは、上記一般式(1)で表される熱硬化性樹脂からなるもの又はこれを主成分として、例えば80wt%以上含み、そのオリゴマー又は部分硬化物を含む混合物である。
【0014】
一般式(1)において、Rは無置換のフェニル基又はアルキル、アルケニル、アルコキシ、アルケニルオキシ置換フェニル基であって、炭素数が7〜20の置換フェニル基が好ましい。Rは水素又は炭素数1〜6の炭化水素基であって、好ましくは水素、メチル基、エチル基又はプロピル基である。nは1から10の整数を示すが、通常はnが異なる混合物であることが多い。この場合、平均のnは1〜10の範囲にある。
【0015】
本発明のBXZ樹脂は、式(3)で表されるフェノール樹脂と、式(4)で表されるアミンと、RCHOで表されるアルデヒドとを、フェノール樹脂のOH:アミンのNH:アルデヒドのCHOのモル比約1:2:4で反応させて得られるが、モル比が理論量であったとしても、上記したように副反応が生じたり、モル比が理論量をはずれると更に副反応物が増加する。本発明の熱硬化性樹脂の製造方法で得られるBXZ樹脂は、前記オリゴマー、部分硬化物の他に、樹脂状の反応副生物、例えばフェノール樹脂等を含み得る。なお、フェノール樹脂のフェノール性OHが1モルとは、フェノール樹脂1分子中にフェノール性OHを平均3ケ有する場合は、フェノール樹脂1/3モルがこれに該当すると定義される。
【0016】
本発明のBXZ樹脂は、前記のように式(3)で表されるフェノール樹脂と、式(4)で表される一級アミン及びRCHOで表されるアルデヒドから合成することができる。一級アミンとしてはアニリンが、アルデヒドとしてはホルムアルデヒドが好ましく挙げられる。反応理論量は、1:2:4であるが、反応条件や原料化合物の種類によって、反応性に差が生じ、全部の原料化合物が100%反応しない場合もありうるので、好ましくは50%前後の幅があり得る。例えば、フェノール樹脂のフェノール性OH1モルに対して、一級アミンを2〜4モル、好ましくは1.8〜2.2モル及びアルデヒドを3.5〜5モル、好ましくは3.6〜4.4モル又は1級アミン1モル当たり2モル以上、好ましくは2〜4モルの割合で用いて反応させることがよい。特に、アルデヒドはやや過剰に加えることがよい。有利な製造方法としては、1級アミンをアルデヒドへ徐々に加える方法により反応させたのち、フェノール樹脂を加え、20分〜24時間、70〜120℃に保つことにより合成される。このとき、必要に応じて有機溶剤を用いることもできる。反応後、生成物を抽出等の合成化学的手法で単離・精製し縮合水等の揮発成分を乾燥又は除去することにより目的とする本発明のBXZ樹脂が得られる。
【0017】
本発明のBXZ樹脂の原料となるフェノール樹脂としては、一般式(3)で表される化合物が、工業的に入手が容易で、その硬化物の耐湿性や電気的特性も良好なため実用上好適な化合物として挙げられる。
【0018】
また、1級アミンとしては、メチルアミン、ブチルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン等の脂肪族アミン、アニリン、トルイジン、アニシジン等の芳香族アミンを挙げることができるが、耐熱性の点で、芳香族アミンが好ましく、必須成分としてアニリンあるいは置換アニリンを用いることが有利である。また、アニリンあるいは置換アニリンとその他の複数のアミンを組み合わせて用いることもできる。置換アニリンとしては、トルイジンのような炭素数7〜15の核アルキル置換アニリン類が好ましい。本発明のBXZ樹脂の発明においては、上記のような各種アミン類が使用可能であるが、製法の発明においては、前記式(4)で表される芳香族アミンを使用することがより好ましい。
【0019】
アルデヒドとしては、水溶液としても用いることができ、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、ベンズアルデヒド等を挙げることができる。ホルムアルデヒドにおいては、ホルマリン水溶液として、またパラホルムアルデヒドとして、いずれの形態でも用いることができる。
【0020】
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、本発明のBXZ樹脂を一成分、好ましくは全樹脂成分の10wt%以上、より好ましくは10〜90wt%を含む樹脂組成物である。この樹脂組成物は、本発明のBXZ樹脂を樹脂の10wt%以上含む限り任意の樹脂、充填材、添加剤等を配合し得る。本発明のBXZ樹脂で他の樹脂を改質する場合は、本発明のBXZ樹脂の配合量は通常50wt%以下であり、他の樹脂で本発明のBXZ樹脂を改質する場合は、本発明のBXZ樹脂の配合量は通常50wt%以上である。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、他のジヒドロベンゾキサジン環構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂、エポキシ樹脂又はその両者を配合することができる。この場合の、他のジヒドロベンゾキサジン環構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂の配合量は、本発明のBXZ樹脂10重量部に対し、熱硬化性樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂1〜100重量部、好ましくは10〜50重量部である。
また、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、各種ポリイミド系樹脂を配合することができる。この場合の、ポリイミド系樹脂の配合量は、本発明のBXZ樹脂10重量部に対し、熱硬化性樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂1〜100重量部、好ましくは10〜50重量部である。
【0021】
本発明のBXZ樹脂は前記のようにジヒドロベンゾキサジン構造の開環重合反応により硬化する樹脂であり、硬化物の機械的特性の観点から、一般式(1)で示されるように、2つ以上のベンゼン環と2つ以上のジヒドロベンゾキサジン環構造を有することが必要である。これらが一つのものでは、可とう性に乏しく、充分な架橋構造が形成されず靭性に乏しい硬化物となる。また、3つ以上のものも、可とう性に乏しい硬化物となる。しかし、これら他のジヒドロベンゾキサジン環構造を有するBXZ樹脂を、本発明のBXZ樹脂に配合することにより、物性を改良することができる。
【0022】
本発明のBXZ樹脂は、上記反応式に示すように、加熱により開環重合反応を起こし、フェノール性水酸基と三級アミノ基を生成すると共に三次元架橋反応が進行し、良好な機械的特性を有する硬化物が得られる。この硬化物は低吸湿性、高いガラス転移温度、高強度・高弾性率、更には低硬化収縮率を示し、難燃性にも優れている。
【0023】
本発明のBXZ樹脂を例示すれば、下記式(A)〜(I)で表される化合物又はそのオリゴマー若しくは部分硬化物を含む樹脂が好ましく挙げられる。これらは、いずれも上記反応により容易に合成することができ、150〜250℃に加熱することにより、機械的特性、電気的特性、耐湿性に優れた硬化物を得ることができる。
【0024】
【化11】
Figure 2004010839
【0025】
【化12】
Figure 2004010839
【0026】
【化13】
Figure 2004010839
【0027】
また、本発明の熱硬化樹脂又は熱硬化樹脂組成物は、硬化前においては、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジグライム等のエーテル系溶剤、エチルセロソルブアセテート、ブチルセロソルブアセテート等のエステル系溶剤、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリジノン等のアミド系溶剤、さらにエポキシ樹脂やアクリレート樹脂に溶解しやすいという特徴を有しているため、各種樹脂との混合も容易である。
【0028】
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物に配合する他のジヒドロベンゾキサジン環構造を有する樹脂は、本発明のBXZ樹脂と異なるものであれば制限はなく、ジヒドロベンゾキサジン環構造を1つのみ有するBXZ樹脂や、本発明のBXZ樹脂を与えない原料化合物、例えばフェノール、ナフトール、脂肪族アミン等を使用して得たBXZ樹脂がある。これらの他のBXZ樹脂は、本発明のBXZ樹脂とは別個に合成して、その後混合してもよく、また、本発明のBXZ樹脂を合成する際、本発明のBXZ樹脂を与えない原料化合物を一部併用することによって、混合物として得ることもできる。
【0029】
上記他のBXZ樹脂としては、具体的には、下記式(a)〜(g)で表される化合物又はそのオリゴマー等が挙げられる。
【0030】
【化14】
Figure 2004010839
【0031】
【化15】
Figure 2004010839
【0032】
【化16】
Figure 2004010839
【0033】
また、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物に配合するエポキシ樹脂には格別の制限はないが、多官能ヒドロキシ化合物から誘導されるエポキシ樹脂であることが有利である。好ましいエポキシ樹脂としては、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂があり、あるいは、可とう性付与の観点から、低粘度エポキシ樹脂として、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、プロピレングリコール系脂肪族エポキシ樹脂、各種脂環式エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルエステル系エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂、ヒダントイン型エポキシ樹脂があり、また、ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂の直接水素化反応で得られる水素化ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂等に対しても良好な溶解性示すため、混合して用いることが出来る。
【0034】
【実施例】
以下、合成例及び実施例により、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
なお、原料として使用した一般式(3)で表されるフェノール樹脂としては、明和化成社製のフェノール樹脂を使用した。その略称を以下に示す。
(PhOH78):フェノール性OH基当量=206、軟化点温度=78℃
(PhOH98):フェノール性OH基当量=220、軟化点温度=98℃
(PhOH82):フェノール性OH基当量=212、軟化点温度=82℃
なお、BXZ樹脂の記号(A)〜(I)及び(a)〜(g)は、前記の化学式に付した記号に対応する。
【0035】
実施例1
アニリン18.6g(0.2モル)をジオキサン200ml中に溶解し、ホルムアルデヒド液(36〜38%水溶液)32.5gを滴下し、室温下で5時間反応させた。その後、(PhOH78)41.2g(OH基として0.2モル)を加え、撹拌下、100℃〜120℃で、5時間反応させた。反応終了後、溶媒を真空除去し、BXZ樹脂(A)45gを得た。
得られた樹脂の有機溶剤及び液状樹脂に対する溶解性を表1に示した。
【0036】
(評価方法)
BXZ樹脂10gを200℃に維持したホットプレート上で1時間硬化させた後、物性の測定を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
なお、ガラス転移温度(Tg)は、動的粘弾性測定装置(DMA)、熱膨張係数(CTE)は、熱機械分析装置(TMA)を、熱分解開始温度(5%重量減少温度)は、熱重量分析装置(TGA)を用い、引張強度、引張伸び率及び引張弾性率はJIS K 6911に準じて測定を行った。
また、吸水率は、3mm厚の硬化物を作成した後、硬化物をPCT(121℃、2atm)処理時間20時間の条件で処理した後、PCT処理前後の重量変化を測定し、吸水率を求めた。さらに、誘電率(使用周波数1MHz)は、ASTM D 149 に準じた方法に従って測定をおこなった。
【0037】
実施例2〜6
原料化合物の種類を変えた他は、実施例1と同様のOH:NH:CHOモル比率で本発明の各種のBXZ樹脂を合成した。また、実施例1の記載と同様の方法により評価を行った。
【0038】
比較例1〜2
原料化合物を変えた他は、実施例1と同様にして各種のBXZ樹脂を合成した。また、実施例1の記載と同様の方法により評価を行った。
【0039】
表1に得られたBXZ樹脂の化学式、原料のフェノール樹脂(比較例はビスフェノール類)及びアミンの種類と、得られたBXZ樹脂の軟化点を示す。なお、原料のアルデヒドは、全ての例において実施例1と同じホルムアルデヒド液を使用したので記載を省略した。また、原料の使用モル比についても全ての例において実施例1と同じ当量比としたので記載を省略した。
また、硬化物の物性を表2に示した。
【0040】
【表1】
Figure 2004010839
【0041】
【表2】
Figure 2004010839
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明の熱硬化性樹脂は、硬化前の状態では、各種有機溶剤や樹脂への溶解性に優れているため、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等の汎用の熱硬化性樹脂、あるいは、各種ポリイミド樹脂との複合化が容易であり、硬化物の電気特性や機械的特性が良好で、耐湿性も良好である。また、本発明の熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、硬化物の電気特性や機械的特性が良好で、耐湿性も良好である。したがって、本発明の熱硬化性樹脂又はその組成物は、プリント配線板用積層板、プリント配線板、プリント回路多層化用耐熱接着材料、半導体封止材、半導体搭載用モジュール、その他各種電子部品周辺部材として、また、自動車、航空機部材、建築部材等、さらには、炭素繊維や炭素電極あるいはセパレーターなどの各種複合材料等のバインダーやマトリックス樹脂として好適に用いることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a thermosetting resin having a biphenyl structure and a benzoxazine ring structure (hereinafter, also referred to as BXZ resin) having excellent heat resistance, curing properties, flame retardancy, and good mechanical properties.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various thermosetting resins such as an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a polyimide resin, a melamine resin, and a polyimide resin have been developed, and have been applied to fields suited to their respective resin characteristics. Recently, copper-clad laminates for printed wiring boards, adhesives for multilayer wiring boards, sealing materials for semiconductors, adhesives for mounting semiconductors, modules for mounting semiconductors, or parts used for automobiles, aircraft, building components, etc. For a curable resin used for such purposes, a resin material having excellent stability and reliability under high temperature and high humidity is required. Further, from the viewpoint of reducing the environmental load, a resin material having halogen-free flame retardancy is strongly desired.
[0003]
In recent years, it has been reported that benzoxazine resins are resins having better heat resistance and moisture resistance of cured products than conventional phenolic resins (H. Ishida, et al., J. Polym. Sci. 32, p921 (1994), H. Ishida, et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol. 61, 1595 (1996)). In addition, since these resins have ring-opening polymerization reactivity, they exhibit low curing shrinkage, and cured products after the ring-opening reaction have various characteristics such as low thermal expansion properties. (H. Ishida, et al., J. Polym. Sci., Vol. 34, 1019 (1994),). Further, they also show reactivity with epoxy resins and are effective as a curing agent (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-227922). However, these conventional resins generally have poor toughness in the properties of the cured product after the completion of the curing reaction, and are not sufficient in mechanical properties and electrical properties. In addition, in order to form a composite with other resins, solubility in various solvents and resins is required. However, the above-mentioned resins which have been reported so far are soluble in other organic substances such as solvents and liquid epoxy resins. The sex was inferior.
[0004]
The BXZ resin can be synthesized from a phenol compound, a primary amine and a primary aldehyde as shown in the following reaction formula. The following reaction formula shows the case where phenol is used as a raw material and aniline is used as a primary amine and formaldehyde is used as a primary aldehyde.
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
The BZX resin thus obtained may be a single compound, but in many cases a mixture containing by-products such as oligomers and phenolic resins, but the main component is the above reaction product.
[0005]
The BXZ resin causes a ring-opening polymerization reaction by heating to generate a phenolic hydroxyl group and a tertiary amino group as shown in the following reaction formula.
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
When a bisphenol or phenol resin is used as a raw material, a bifunctional BXZ resin or a polyfunctional BXZ resin is obtained, and a three-dimensional crosslinking reaction proceeds with the ring-opening polymerization reaction, and the cured product has good mechanical properties. Is obtained.
[0006]
BXZ resins (including bifunctional BXZ resins) and compositions thereof are known from JP-B-49-47378, JP-A-2-69567, JP-A-4-227922 and the like. However, it is reported that these materials have improved flame retardancy as compared with conventional curable resins and have good mechanical properties of cured products after curing. However, further improvement in electrical characteristics such as flame retardancy, mechanical characteristics, and dielectric constant has been desired.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a novel BXZ resin having excellent properties such as heat resistance, flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and electrical properties after curing.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is a thermosetting resin having a benzoxazine structure represented by the following general formula (1).
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
(Wherein, R 1 is an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 10)
Further, the present invention is a thermosetting resin comprising the thermosetting resin and a polymer produced by ring-opening polymerization of the thermosetting resin.
Here, it is a preferable example that R 1 in the general formula (1) is any one of a phenyl group, a methylphenyl group, an allylphenyl group, an ethynylphenyl group, and an ethynyloxyphenyl group. The thermosetting resin represented by the following general formula (2) is a preferred example of the thermosetting resin of the present invention.
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
(Wherein, R 3 represents hydrogen or an organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10)
[0009]
Further, the present invention provides a phenolic resin represented by the formula (3), an amine represented by the formula (4), and an aldehyde represented by R 2 CHO (where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and n have the same meanings as in formulas (1) and (2)), and the molar ratio of phenolic hydroxyl group (OH), amino group (NH 2 ) and aldehyde group (CHO) is OH: NH 2 : A method for producing a thermosetting resin having a benzoxazine structure, characterized by reacting at a ratio of CHO = 1: 1.8 to 2.2: 3.6 to 4.4.
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
[0010]
Further, the present invention is a curable resin composition containing a curable resin having a benzoxazine ring structure at 10 wt% or more.
Examples of such a curable resin composition include a) a curable resin composition containing a resin component by-produced in the method for producing a thermosetting resin, and b) another benzoxazine ring in 10 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin. A thermosetting resin composition containing 1 to 100 parts by weight of a thermosetting resin having a structure; c) a curable resin composition containing 1 to 100 parts by weight of an epoxy resin with 10 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin; D) a curable resin composition comprising 10 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin, 1 to 100 parts by weight of another thermosetting resin having a benzoxazine ring structure, and 1 to 100 parts by weight of an epoxy resin; or e) A curable resin composition obtained by mixing 1 to 100 parts by weight of a polyimide resin with 10 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin; and f) a thermosetting resin having another benzoxazine ring structure in 1 part by weight of the thermosetting resin. 100 weight Parts and polyimide resin 1 to 100 parts by weight of the blended curable resin are preferred examples.
[0011]
Further, the present invention is a cured product obtained by curing the curable resin or the curable resin composition.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The thermosetting resin of the present invention is a polyfunctional BXZ resin having a structure in which constituent units having a benzoxazine ring are bonded via a biphenyldimethylene structure (hereinafter, also referred to as BXZ resin of the present invention). After curing, this resin has good mechanical and electrical properties, and becomes a cured product having heat resistance and chemical resistance.
[0013]
The BXZ resin of the present invention is a thermosetting resin represented by the general formula (1) or a mixture of the thermosetting resin and its oligomer or partially cured product. Here, the oligomer refers to a product that has undergone ring-opening polymerization as in the above reaction formula, but has not yet been cured, and a partially cured product refers to a product that has undergone ring-opening polymerization, but is partially cured. Say what led to you. Preferably, it is a mixture of the thermosetting resin represented by the general formula (1) or a mixture containing the above as a main component, for example, 80% by weight or more, and an oligomer or a partially cured product thereof.
[0014]
In the general formula (1), R 1 is an unsubstituted phenyl group or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, or alkenyloxy-substituted phenyl group, and is preferably a substituted phenyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms. R 2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group. n represents an integer of 1 to 10, but usually, n is often a mixture different from each other. In this case, the average n is in the range of 1-10.
[0015]
BXZ resin of the present invention, a phenol resin represented by the formula (3), with an amine of the formula (4), an aldehyde represented by R 3 CHO, phenolic resins OH: NH amine 2 : The reaction is carried out at a molar ratio of aldehyde to CHO of about 1: 2: 4. Even if the molar ratio is a stoichiometric amount, if a side reaction occurs or the molar ratio deviates from the stoichiometric amount as described above. Further, the amount of by-products increases. The BXZ resin obtained by the method for producing a thermosetting resin of the present invention may contain, in addition to the oligomer and the partially cured product, a resinous by-product such as a phenol resin. In addition, 1 mol of the phenolic OH of the phenolic resin is defined as 1/3 mol of the phenolic resin when one molecule of the phenolic OH has an average of 3 phenolic OHs in one molecule of the phenolic resin.
[0016]
The BXZ resin of the present invention can be synthesized from the phenol resin represented by the formula (3), the primary amine represented by the formula (4) and the aldehyde represented by R 2 CHO as described above. Preferred examples of the primary amine include aniline, and examples of the aldehyde include formaldehyde. The theoretical amount of the reaction is 1: 2: 4, but the reactivity may vary depending on the reaction conditions and the type of the starting compounds, and 100% of all starting compounds may not react. There can be widths. For example, based on 1 mole of the phenolic OH of the phenolic resin, 2 to 4 moles of the primary amine, preferably 1.8 to 2.2 moles, and 3.5 to 5 moles, preferably 3.6 to 4.4 moles of the aldehyde. The reaction may be carried out using at least 2 moles, preferably 2 to 4 moles, per mole of the primary amine. In particular, the aldehyde is preferably added in a slight excess. As an advantageous production method, the reaction is carried out by gradually adding a primary amine to an aldehyde, and then a phenol resin is added, and the mixture is kept at 70 to 120 ° C. for 20 minutes to 24 hours. At this time, an organic solvent can be used if necessary. After the reaction, the desired BXZ resin of the present invention can be obtained by isolating and purifying the product by a synthetic chemical method such as extraction and drying or removing volatile components such as condensed water.
[0017]
As the phenol resin which is a raw material of the BXZ resin of the present invention, a compound represented by the general formula (3) is industrially easily available, and its cured product has good moisture resistance and electrical properties, so that it is practically usable. Preferred compounds are mentioned.
[0018]
Examples of the primary amine include aliphatic amines such as methylamine, butylamine and cyclohexylamine, and aromatic amines such as aniline, toluidine and anisidine.From the viewpoint of heat resistance, aromatic amines are preferable. It is advantageous to use aniline or a substituted aniline as an essential component. Further, aniline or a substituted aniline may be used in combination with a plurality of other amines. As the substituted aniline, core alkyl-substituted anilines having 7 to 15 carbon atoms such as toluidine are preferable. In the invention of the BXZ resin of the present invention, various amines as described above can be used, but in the invention of the production method, it is more preferable to use the aromatic amine represented by the formula (4).
[0019]
The aldehyde can be used as an aqueous solution, and examples thereof include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. Formaldehyde can be used in any form as an aqueous formalin solution or as paraformaldehyde.
[0020]
The curable resin composition of the present invention is a resin composition containing one component of the BXZ resin of the present invention, preferably 10 wt% or more of all resin components, more preferably 10 to 90 wt%. This resin composition may contain any resin, filler, additive, and the like as long as the resin contains the BXZ resin of the present invention in an amount of 10% by weight or more of the resin. When modifying another resin with the BXZ resin of the present invention, the blending amount of the BXZ resin of the present invention is usually 50 wt% or less, and when modifying the BXZ resin of the present invention with another resin, the present invention is applied. Is usually 50 wt% or more.
The curable resin composition of the present invention may contain another thermosetting resin having a dihydrobenzoxazine ring structure, an epoxy resin, or both. In this case, the blending amount of the thermosetting resin or epoxy resin having another dihydrobenzoxazine ring structure is 1 to 100 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin or epoxy resin with respect to 10 parts by weight of the BXZ resin of the present invention. Preferably it is 10 to 50 parts by weight.
In addition, the curable resin composition of the present invention may contain various polyimide resins. In this case, the compounding amount of the polyimide resin is 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight, of the thermosetting resin or the epoxy resin based on 10 parts by weight of the BXZ resin of the present invention.
[0021]
The BXZ resin of the present invention is a resin which is cured by the ring-opening polymerization reaction of the dihydrobenzoxazine structure as described above. It is necessary to have the above benzene ring and two or more dihydrobenzoxazine ring structures. When these are one, the cured product is poor in flexibility, does not form a sufficient crosslinked structure, and has poor toughness. Also, three or more cured products have poor flexibility. However, by blending these other BXZ resins having a dihydrobenzoxazine ring structure with the BXZ resin of the present invention, the physical properties can be improved.
[0022]
As shown in the above reaction formula, the BXZ resin of the present invention causes a ring-opening polymerization reaction by heating, generates a phenolic hydroxyl group and a tertiary amino group, and a three-dimensional cross-linking reaction proceeds. A cured product having the above is obtained. The cured product exhibits low moisture absorption, high glass transition temperature, high strength and high elastic modulus, and also low curing shrinkage, and is excellent in flame retardancy.
[0023]
When the BXZ resin of the present invention is exemplified, a resin containing a compound represented by the following formulas (A) to (I) or an oligomer or a partially cured product thereof is preferably mentioned. All of these can be easily synthesized by the above reaction, and by heating to 150 to 250 ° C., a cured product having excellent mechanical properties, electrical properties, and moisture resistance can be obtained.
[0024]
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
[0025]
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
[0026]
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
[0027]
Further, the thermosetting resin or thermosetting resin composition of the present invention before curing, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ether solvents such as diglyme, ethyl cellosolve acetate, ester solvents such as butyl cellosolve acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, Since it has a feature that it is easily dissolved in an amide solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and also in an epoxy resin or an acrylate resin, it can be easily mixed with various resins.
[0028]
The other resin having a dihydrobenzoxazine ring structure to be mixed with the curable resin composition of the present invention is not limited as long as it is different from the BXZ resin of the present invention, and has only one dihydrobenzoxazine ring structure. There are BXZ resins and BXZ resins obtained using phenol, naphthol, aliphatic amines and the like, which do not give the BXZ resin of the present invention. These other BXZ resins may be synthesized separately from the BXZ resin of the present invention, and then mixed together. Also, when synthesizing the BXZ resin of the present invention, a starting compound which does not give the BXZ resin of the present invention Can be obtained as a mixture by partially using
[0029]
Specific examples of the other BXZ resin include compounds represented by the following formulas (a) to (g) or oligomers thereof.
[0030]
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
[0031]
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
[0032]
Embedded image
Figure 2004010839
[0033]
Although there is no particular limitation on the epoxy resin to be added to the curable resin composition of the present invention, it is advantageous that the epoxy resin is derived from a polyfunctional hydroxy compound. Preferred epoxy resins include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, phenol novolak type epoxy resin, and cresol novolak type epoxy resin, or, from the viewpoint of imparting flexibility, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, propylene glycol as a low viscosity epoxy resin. -Based aliphatic epoxy resins, various alicyclic epoxy resins, glycidyl ester-based epoxy resins, glycidylamine-type epoxy resins, hydantoin-type epoxy resins, and hydrogenated bisphenol A obtained by direct hydrogenation of bisphenol-type epoxy resins It shows good solubility in epoxy resins and the like, and can be used in combination.
[0034]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
In addition, as the phenol resin represented by the general formula (3) used as a raw material, a phenol resin manufactured by Meiwa Kasei Co., Ltd. was used. The abbreviations are shown below.
(PhOH78): phenolic OH group equivalent = 206, softening point temperature = 78 ° C.
(PhOH98): phenolic OH group equivalent = 220, softening point temperature = 98 ° C.
(PhOH82): phenolic OH group equivalent = 212, softening point temperature = 82 ° C.
The symbols (A) to (I) and (a) to (g) of the BXZ resin correspond to the symbols given to the above chemical formulas.
[0035]
Example 1
18.6 g (0.2 mol) of aniline was dissolved in 200 ml of dioxane, 32.5 g of a formaldehyde solution (36-38% aqueous solution) was added dropwise, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 5 hours. Thereafter, 41.2 g (0.2 mol as OH group) of (PhOH78) was added, and the mixture was reacted at 100 ° C. to 120 ° C. for 5 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed in vacuo to obtain 45 g of BXZ resin (A).
Table 1 shows the solubility of the obtained resin in organic solvents and liquid resins.
[0036]
(Evaluation method)
After curing 10 g of the BXZ resin on a hot plate maintained at 200 ° C. for 1 hour, physical properties were measured. Table 2 shows the results.
The glass transition temperature (Tg) is determined by a dynamic viscoelasticity analyzer (DMA), the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is determined by a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA), and the thermal decomposition onset temperature (5% weight loss temperature) is determined by: Using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), the tensile strength, the tensile elongation, and the tensile modulus were measured according to JIS K6911.
The water absorption was determined by preparing a cured product having a thickness of 3 mm, treating the cured product under a PCT (121 ° C., 2 atm) treatment time of 20 hours, and measuring the weight change before and after the PCT treatment. I asked. Further, the dielectric constant (operating frequency 1 MHz) was measured according to a method according to ASTM D149.
[0037]
Examples 2 to 6
Various BXZ resins of the present invention were synthesized at the same OH: NH 2 : CHO molar ratio as in Example 1 except that the type of the starting compound was changed. The evaluation was performed in the same manner as described in Example 1.
[0038]
Comparative Examples 1-2
Various BXZ resins were synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw material compounds were changed. The evaluation was performed in the same manner as described in Example 1.
[0039]
Table 1 shows the chemical formula of the obtained BXZ resin, the types of the phenol resin (bisphenols in the comparative example) and the amine as raw materials, and the softening point of the obtained BXZ resin. The aldehyde as a raw material was not described because the same formaldehyde solution as in Example 1 was used in all examples. In addition, the molar ratios of the raw materials used were the same as in Example 1 in all the examples, and therefore the description was omitted.
Table 2 shows the physical properties of the cured product.
[0040]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004010839
[0041]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004010839
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
The thermosetting resin of the present invention, in a state before curing, is excellent in solubility in various organic solvents and resins, a phenol resin, a general-purpose thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin, or various polyimide resins. Of the cured product is good, the electrical properties and mechanical properties of the cured product are good, and the moisture resistance is also good. Further, the thermosetting resin composition of the present invention has good electrical properties and mechanical properties of the cured product, and also has good moisture resistance. Therefore, the thermosetting resin of the present invention or the composition thereof can be used for a laminate for a printed wiring board, a printed wiring board, a heat-resistant adhesive material for multilayered printed circuits, a semiconductor sealing material, a module for mounting a semiconductor, and other various electronic components. It can be suitably used as a member, an automobile, an aircraft member, a building member, and the like, as well as a binder and a matrix resin of various composite materials such as carbon fibers, carbon electrodes, and separators.

Claims (11)

下記一般式(1)で表されるベンゾキサジン構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂。
Figure 2004010839
(式中、Rは炭素数1〜10の有機基、Rは水素又は炭素数1〜6の炭化水素基、nは1〜10の整数を示す)
A thermosetting resin having a benzoxazine structure represented by the following general formula (1).
Figure 2004010839
(Wherein, R 1 is an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 10)
請求項1に記載の熱硬化性樹脂とその重合物からなる熱硬化性樹脂。A thermosetting resin comprising the thermosetting resin according to claim 1 and a polymer thereof. 一般式(1)のRが、フェニル基、メチルフェニル基、アリルフェニル基、エチニルフェニル基及びエチニルオキシフェニル基のいずれかである請求項1に記載の熱硬化性樹脂。The thermosetting resin according to claim 1, wherein R 1 in the general formula (1) is any one of a phenyl group, a methylphenyl group, an allylphenyl group, an ethynylphenyl group, and an ethynyloxyphenyl group. 下記一般式(2)
Figure 2004010839
(式中、Rは水素又は炭素数1〜4の有機基を示し、nは1〜10の整数を示す)で表される請求項1に記載の熱硬化性樹脂。
The following general formula (2)
Figure 2004010839
The thermosetting resin according to claim 1, wherein R 3 represents hydrogen or an organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10.
式(3)で表されるフェノール樹脂と、式(4)で表されるアミンと、RCHOで表されるアルデヒド(但し、Rは水素又は炭素数1〜6の炭化水素基を示す)とを、フェノール性水酸基(OH)、アミノ基(NH)及びアルデヒド基(CHO)のモル比が、OH:NH:CHO=1:1.8〜2.2:3.6〜4.4となる割合で反応させることをことを特徴とするベンゾキサジン構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂の製造方法。
Figure 2004010839
(式中、nは1〜10の整数を示す)
Figure 2004010839
(式中、Rは水素又は炭素数1〜4の有機基を示す)
A phenolic resin represented by the formula (3), an amine represented by the formula (4), and an aldehyde represented by R 2 CHO (where R 2 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) the) and a phenolic hydroxyl group (OH), the molar ratio of amino groups (NH 2) and an aldehyde group (CHO) may, OH: NH 2: CHO = 1: 1.8~2.2: 3.6~4 4. A method for producing a thermosetting resin having a benzoxazine structure, characterized by reacting at a ratio of 4.
Figure 2004010839
(Where n represents an integer of 1 to 10)
Figure 2004010839
(Wherein, R 3 represents hydrogen or an organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms)
請求項1、2又は3記載のベンゾキサジン環構造を有する硬化性樹脂を10wt%以上含有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物。A thermosetting resin composition containing the curable resin having a benzoxazine ring structure according to claim 1, 10 or more by weight. ベンゾキサジン環構造を有する硬化性樹脂10重量部に他のベンゾキサジン環構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂を1〜100重量部配合した請求項6に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物。The thermosetting resin composition according to claim 6, wherein 1 to 100 parts by weight of another thermosetting resin having a benzoxazine ring structure is mixed with 10 parts by weight of the curable resin having a benzoxazine ring structure. ベンゾキサジン環構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂10重量部にエポキシ樹脂を1〜100重量部配合した請求項6又は7に熱硬化性樹脂組成物。8. The thermosetting resin composition according to claim 6, wherein 1 to 100 parts by weight of an epoxy resin is mixed with 10 parts by weight of a thermosetting resin having a benzoxazine ring structure. ベンゾキサジン環構造を有する熱硬化性樹脂10重量部にポリイミド樹脂を1〜100重量部配合した請求項6又は7に熱硬化性樹脂組成物。8. The thermosetting resin composition according to claim 6, wherein 1 to 100 parts by weight of a polyimide resin is mixed with 10 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin having a benzoxazine ring structure. 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の熱硬化性樹脂を硬化させてなる硬化物。A cured product obtained by curing the thermosetting resin according to claim 1. 請求項6〜9のいずれかに記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させてなる硬化物。A cured product obtained by curing the thermosetting resin composition according to claim 6.
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Cited By (11)

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JP2006257286A (en) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-28 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd Cyano group-containing thermosetting benzoxazine resin, thermosetting resin composition and its application
JP2009001755A (en) * 2007-06-25 2009-01-08 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Thermosetting resin, thermosetting composition containing the same and molded body obtained from the same
US8026335B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2011-09-27 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Baked resin product and electronic device comprising the same
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CN105061762A (en) * 2015-09-01 2015-11-18 哈尔滨工程大学 Side chain-bisphenol type quinoxalinyl benzoxazine resin
CN105348527A (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-02-24 广东生益科技股份有限公司 Heat convertible resin, heat convertible resin composition with heat convertible resin, cured material, prepreg, laminated board and printed circuit board
CN105367792A (en) * 2015-09-01 2016-03-02 哈尔滨工程大学 Quinoxaline diamine type polybenzoxazine foam material and preparation method
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006257286A (en) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-28 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd Cyano group-containing thermosetting benzoxazine resin, thermosetting resin composition and its application
US8026335B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2011-09-27 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Baked resin product and electronic device comprising the same
JP2009001755A (en) * 2007-06-25 2009-01-08 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Thermosetting resin, thermosetting composition containing the same and molded body obtained from the same
JP2013027546A (en) * 2011-07-28 2013-02-07 Toshiba Corp Vacuum cleaner
CN103131007A (en) * 2011-11-22 2013-06-05 台光电子材料股份有限公司 Thermosetting resin composition and laminated plate and circuit board employing same
CN103131007B (en) * 2011-11-22 2015-06-17 台光电子材料股份有限公司 Thermosetting resin composition and laminated plate and circuit board employing same
CN105061762A (en) * 2015-09-01 2015-11-18 哈尔滨工程大学 Side chain-bisphenol type quinoxalinyl benzoxazine resin
CN105367792A (en) * 2015-09-01 2016-03-02 哈尔滨工程大学 Quinoxaline diamine type polybenzoxazine foam material and preparation method
CN105348527A (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-02-24 广东生益科技股份有限公司 Heat convertible resin, heat convertible resin composition with heat convertible resin, cured material, prepreg, laminated board and printed circuit board
WO2019078300A1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 日本化薬株式会社 Curable resin composition, varnish, prepreg, cured product, laminate and copper-clad laminate
JP6515255B1 (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-05-15 日本化薬株式会社 Curable resin composition, varnish, prepreg, cured product, and laminate or copper-clad laminate
CN111592502A (en) * 2020-06-11 2020-08-28 广东同宇新材料有限公司 Biphenyl polyamine benzoxazine and preparation method thereof
CN112142682A (en) * 2020-10-14 2020-12-29 广东同宇新材料有限公司 Biphenyl benzoxazine, preparation method thereof and polybenzoxazine resin

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