JP2004000870A - Method of forming multilayer coating film - Google Patents

Method of forming multilayer coating film Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004000870A
JP2004000870A JP2002174193A JP2002174193A JP2004000870A JP 2004000870 A JP2004000870 A JP 2004000870A JP 2002174193 A JP2002174193 A JP 2002174193A JP 2002174193 A JP2002174193 A JP 2002174193A JP 2004000870 A JP2004000870 A JP 2004000870A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
aqueous
water
coating film
paint
colored paint
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JP2002174193A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4491186B2 (en
Inventor
Yoshiko Kobayashi
小林 佳子
Kazuya Kitagawa
北川 一哉
Takeshi Tanaka
田中 剛
Eiji Nomura
野村 英治
Yutaka Mizutani
水谷 豊
Yasushi Nakao
中尾 泰志
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of forming a multilayer coating film having an excellent finishing property. <P>SOLUTION: In the method of forming the multilayer coating film, a substrate is coated by a 3 coat 1 bake method using a first water-based color coating, a second water-based color coating, and a clear coating. The first water-based color coating is applied, and the coating film is predried to adjust the viscosity of the coating film to ≥1×10<SP>6</SP>mPa sec (at 20°C and a shear rate of 0.1 sec<SP>-1</SP>). Subsequently the second water-based color coating is applied, and after reducing the moisture content of the second water-based color coating to 10 wt% by preheating or air blowing, the clear coating is applied. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、被塗物に水性第1着色塗料、水性第2着色塗料及びクリヤ塗料を順次塗装し、得られる3層の複層塗膜を同時に加熱硬化する3コート1ベークにより、仕上がり性が良好な複層塗膜を短い工程及び/又は時間で形成する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術及びその課題】
自動車ボディにおける塗膜形成方法として、被塗物に電着塗料を施した後、「水性中塗り塗料の塗装→焼き付け硬化→水性着色塗料の塗装→プレヒート→クリヤ塗料の塗装→セッティング→焼き付け硬化」の3コート2ベーク方式(3C2B)、或いは「水性第1着色塗料の塗装→プレヒート→水性第2着色塗料の塗装−プレヒート→クリヤ塗料の塗装→セッティング→焼き付け硬化」の3コート1ベーク方式(3C1B)により複層塗膜を形成する方法が広く採用されている (例えば、特開平11−10081号公報参照)。
上記3C1Bにおける「水性第1着色塗装→プレヒート→水性第2着色塗装」の工程において、水性第1着色塗料の上に固形分20〜25重量%の水性第2着色塗料を塗り重ねると、塗膜界面付近において水性第1着色塗料の固形分が45〜50重量%程度まで低下し、フードなどの水平面では水性第1着色塗料と水性第2着色塗料との混層が生じ、また、ドアやフェンダーなどの垂直面ではタレが生ずるなど、複層塗膜にしばしば仕上がり不良が見られる。
【0003】
それを防ぐため、従来、プレヒート温度を上げるか又はプレヒート時間を長くすることによって水性第1着色塗料の塗膜粘度を上げるという対策がとられている。しかし、水性第1着色塗料と水性第2着色塗料の混層や第2水性着色塗料のタレなどを発生させない塗膜粘度はどの程度であるかについて数値として把握されておらず、新たに開発した塗装ラインでは、被塗物の部位やラインの環境条件によって、依然として仕上がり不良が起こることがあった。
【0004】
本発明の目的は、被塗物の部位や塗装環境条件に拘らず、3C1Bにより仕上がり性が安定して良好な複層塗膜を比較的短い工程時間で形成することができる方法を提供することである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、今回、3C1Bによる複層塗膜の塗装工程において、水性第1着色塗料を塗装し、その塗膜を予備乾燥して塗膜粘度を1×10mPa・秒(20℃、シェアレート0.1秒−1)以上に調整し、さらに好ましくはその塗面の水との接触角が30°〜75°の範囲内となるようにした後に、水性第2着色塗料を塗装し、プレヒート又はエアブローを施して水性第2着色塗料の水分含有量を10重量%以下とした後、さらにクリヤ塗料を塗装すれば、被塗物の部位や塗装環境条件に拘らず、塗膜の混層やタレなどが生ずることがなく、仕上がり外観に優れた複層塗膜を安定且つ比較的短い工程時間で形成することができることを見い出し本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
かくして、本発明は、水性第1着色塗料、水性第2着色塗料及びクリヤ塗料を用い、被塗物上に3コート1ベーク方式により塗装して複層塗膜を形成する方法に おいて、水性第1着色塗料を塗装し、その塗膜を予備乾燥して塗膜粘度を1×10mPa・秒(20℃、シェアレート0.1秒−1)以上に調整し、さらに好ましくは塗面の水との接触角が30°〜75°の範囲内となるようにした後に、水性第2着色塗料を塗装し、プレヒート又はエアブローを施して水性第2着色塗料の水分含有量を10重量%以下とした後、さらにクリヤ塗料を塗装することを特徴とする複層塗膜形成方法を提供するものである。
【0007】
以下、本発明の複層塗膜形成方法を、各工程毎に順を追ってさらに詳細に説明する。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
水性第1着色塗料の塗装:
本発明の3C1Bによる複層塗膜形成方法によれば、まず、被塗物上に水性第1着色塗料が塗装される。
【0009】
被塗物としては、特に制限はないが、本発明においては特に自動車車体が好適であり、自動車車体の鋼板には、通常行われているように、必要に応じて、りん酸亜鉛処理を行うことができ、また、予め電着塗装を施しておくこともできる。
【0010】
水性第1着色塗料としては、水溶性ないし水分散性の基体樹脂(a)、硬化剤(b)及び顔料(c)を含有する水性の塗料を使用することができる。
【0011】
基体樹脂(a)としては、樹脂を水溶性化もしくは水分散化するのに十分な量の親水性基(例えば、カルボキシル基、水酸基、メチロール基、アミノ基、スルホン酸基、ポリオキシエチレン結合など)及び硬化剤と架橋反応しうる官能基(例えば、水酸基)を有する、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂などの樹脂が挙げられるが、中でも、カルボキシル基を有するアクリル樹脂又はポリエステル樹脂が好適である。該カルボキシル基を有するアクリル樹脂又はポリエステル樹脂は通常10〜100mgKOH/g、好ましくは15〜50mgKOH/gの範囲内の酸価を有することができる。
【0012】
基体樹脂(a)は存在する親水性基の種類に依存して、例えば塩基性物質又は酸で中和することにより水溶化又は水分散化することができる。また、基体樹脂(a )の重合による製造に際して、モノマー成分を界面活性剤や水溶性高分子物質の存在下に乳化重合することによっても基体樹脂(a)の水分散化を行うことができる。
【0013】
硬化剤(b)としては、メラミン樹脂、ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物などを使用することができる。メラミン樹脂としては、特に、トリアジン核1個あたり平均3個以上のメチロール基を有するメチロール化メラミン樹脂又はそのメトキシ基の一部を炭素数2個以上のアルコキシ基に置きかわったメラミン樹脂であって、さらにイミノ基を有し且つ平均縮合度約2以下で1核体の割合が約50重量%以上である親水性メラミンが好適である。
【0014】
また、ブロック化ポリイソシアネ−ト化合物は、1分子中に少なくとも2個のイソシアネ−ト基を有するポリイソシアネート化合物のイソシアネート基をオキシム、フェノール、アルコール、ラクタム、メルカプタンなどのブロック剤でブロックしたものを使用することができる。
【0015】
これらの硬化剤(b)は、通常、基体樹脂(a)100重量部あたり0〜60重量部、好ましくは20〜50重量部の割合で使用することができる。
【0016】
顔料(c)には、通常塗料の分解で用いられる着色顔料及び/又はメタリック顔料が包含され、着色顔料としては、例えば、二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、塩基性硫酸鉛、鉛酸カルシウム、リン酸亜鉛、リン酸アルミニウム、モリブデン酸亜鉛、モリブデン酸カルシウム、紺青、群青、コバルトブルー、銅フタロシアニンブルー、インダンスロンブルー、黄鉛、合成黄色酸化鉄、透明べんがら(黄)、ビスマスバナデート、チタンイエロー、亜鉛黄(ジンクエロー)、クロム酸ストロンチウム、シアナミド鉛、モノアゾイエロー、モノアゾイエロー、ジスアゾ、モノアゾイエロー、イソインドリノンイエロー、金属錯塩アゾイエロー、キノフタロンイエロー、イソインドリンイエロー、ベンズイミダゾロンイエロー、べんがら、透明べんがら(赤)、鉛丹、モノアゾレッド、モノアゾレッド、無置換キナクリドンレッド、アゾレーキ(Mn塩)、キナクリドンマゼンダ、アンサンスロンオレンジ、ジアンスラキノニルレッド、ペリレンマルーン、キナクリドンマゼンダ、ペリレンレッド、ジケトピロロピロールクロムバーミリオン、塩基性クロム酸鉛、酸化クロム、塩素化フタロシアニングリーン、臭素化フタロシアニングリーン、ピラゾロンオレンジ、ベンズイミダゾロンオレンジ、ジオキサジンバイオレット、ペリレンバイオレットなどが挙げられ、また、メタリック顔料としては、例えば、アルミニウム粉、フレーク状酸化アルミウム、パールマイカ、フレーク状マイカなどが挙げられ、これらはそれぞれ単独で又は2種以上組み合せて使用することができる。
【0017】
また、水性第1着色塗料には、架橋反応を促進させるための硬化触媒として、例えば、オクチル酸錫、ジブチル錫ジ(2−エチルヘキサノエート)、ジオクチル錫ジ(2−エチルヘキサノート)、ジオクチル錫ジアセテート、ジブチル錫ジラウレート、ジブチル錫オキサイド、モノブチル錫トリオクテート、2−エチルヘキン酸鉛、オクチル酸亜鉛などの有機金属化合物を適宜配合することができる。これらの硬化触媒の配合量は、通常、基体樹脂(a)と硬化剤(b)の合計100重量部あたり0.005〜5重量部、好ましくは0.01〜3重量部の範囲内とすることができる。
【0018】
水性第1着色塗料には、さらに必要に応じて、光干渉性顔料、体質顔料、分散剤、沈降防止剤、有機溶剤、ウレタン化反応促進用触媒(例えば有機スズ化合物など)、消泡剤、増粘剤、防錆剤、紫外線吸収剤、表面調整剤などを適宜配合してもよい。
【0019】
水性第1着色塗料は、以上に述べた各成分をそれ自体既知の方法で水性媒体中に溶解ないし分散させ塗料化することにより調製することができ、フォードカップNo.4、20℃で約40秒間の粘度が得られる固形分濃度が20〜60重量%、好ましくは35〜60重量%の範囲内となるように調整して塗装に供する。
【0020】
水性第1着色塗料は、それ自体既知の方法、例えば、エアースプレー、エアレススプレー、静電塗装などにより塗装することができ、塗装膜厚は、通常、硬化塗膜で10〜100μm、好ましくは10〜35μmの範囲内とすることができる。
【0021】
塗装された水性第1着色塗料の塗膜は、次いで、例えば、プレヒート、エアブローなどの手段により予備乾燥して、塗膜粘度を1×10mPa・秒(20℃、シェアレート0.1秒−1)以上、好ましくは2×10mPa・秒(20℃、シェアレート0.1秒−1)以上に調整する。
【0022】
上記プレヒートは、通常、塗装された被塗物を乾燥炉内で約60〜約120℃、好ましくは約70〜約110℃の温度で1〜60分間程度直接的又は間接的に加熱することにより行うことができ、また、エアブローは、通常、被塗物の塗装面に常温又は約25℃〜約80℃の温度に加熱された空気を吹き付けることにより行うことができる。
【0023】
本明細書において、水性第1着色塗料の「塗膜粘度」は、被塗物上に水性第1着色塗料を塗装し形成された塗膜の粘度を、市販の粘度計(HAAKE RheoStress RS150、ドイツ HAAKE社製、商品名)を用いて、シェアを0.0001秒−1 〜10000秒−1の間で変化させて測定した値である。
【0024】
さらに加えて、上記予備乾燥により、形成される水性第1着色塗料の塗膜は、その塗面の水との接触角が30°〜75°、特に45°〜75°の範囲内となるようにすることが望ましい。
【0025】
本明細書において、水性第1着色塗料の塗膜の表面(塗面)の「水との接触角」は、被塗物上に水性第1着色塗料を塗装し形成された塗膜上に、20℃にて0.03mlの脱イオン水を滴下して水滴を形成せしめ、水滴の傾斜角度を、市販の接触角測定計(協和化学株式会社製、コンタクトアングルメーターDCCA型)を用いて測定した値である。
【0026】
従来、例えば、自動車の塗装ラインでは、水性塗料が塗装された被塗物は、通常、コンベア等で移動させながら乾燥炉によるプレーヒト又はエアブローにより予備乾燥が行われるが、乾燥炉内に滞留する被塗物の台数の一時的な変化による湿度の変化や、被塗物の部位(例えば、フードやルーフ、ドアやフェンダー)によって乾燥の程度が異なってくるという現象がしばしばみられ、乾燥された塗膜上に第2の水性塗料を塗装した場合に、部位によっては混層やタレなどが発生し仕上がり外観の部分的不良を生ずることがあったが、本発明の方法に従い、水性第1着色塗料を塗装し、塗膜粘度を上記特定の値以上となるように調整し、さらに好ましくは塗面の水との接触角が上記の特定範囲内となるように予備乾燥した後に、水性第2着色塗料を塗装するようにすれば、上記のような仕上がり外観の部分的な不良を生ずることなく、仕上がり性が良好な複層塗膜を短い工程及び/又は時間で製造することができる。
【0027】
さらに、水性第1着色塗料の塗膜の予備乾燥においては、塗膜の固形分濃度が少なくとも85重量%、特に90〜95重量%の範囲内となるようにすることが好ましい。なお、塗膜の固形分濃度は、下記式により算出することができる。
【0028】
固形分濃度(%)={(Wc−Wa)/(Wb−Wa)}×100
Wb:アルミホイル上に水性第1着色塗料を塗装し、予備乾燥後のアルミホイルと水性第1着色塗料の合計重量。
Wc:アルミホイル上に水性第1着色塗料を塗装し、予備乾燥後のアルミホイルと水性第1着色塗料を110℃で60分間乾燥し、デシケーター内で室温まで放冷した後のアルミホイルと水性第1着色塗料の合計重量。
Wa:アルミホイルの重量。
【0029】
水性第2着色塗料の塗装
上記の如く被塗物上に塗装され且つ予備乾燥された水性第1着色塗料の塗膜上には、次いで、水性第2着色塗料が塗装させる。
【0030】
水性第2着色塗料としては、例えば、カルボキシル基、水酸基などの架橋性官能基を有する、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂などの基体樹脂と、ブロックされていてもよいポリイソシアネート化合物、メラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂などの架橋剤からなる樹脂成分を、顔料、その他の添加剤と共に水に溶解ないし分散させて塗料化したものを使用することができる。
【0031】
顔料成分としては、水性第1着色塗料に配合しうる顔料成分として前記で例示した着色顔料及び/又はメタリック顔料が同様に使用可能であり、顔料成分の少なくとも一部としてメタリック顔料を用いれば、緻密感を有するメタリック調又はシルキーなパール調の塗膜を形成せしめることができる。
【0032】
水性第2着色塗料における顔料の配合量は、形成される水性第2着色塗料の塗膜が透明性を有し、その塗膜を通して下地の水性第1着色塗料の塗膜の色彩を目視で認識することができる程度の比較的少量とすることが望ましい。
【0033】
水性第2着色塗料は、フォードカップNo.4、20℃、45秒間の粘度が得られる固形分濃度が20〜50重量%、好ましくは25〜45重量%の範囲内となるように調整して、水性第1着色塗料の予備加熱乾燥塗膜上に塗装することができる。
【0034】
水性第2着色塗料の塗装は、それ自体既知の方法、例えば、エアスプレー、エアレススプレー、静電塗装機などで行うことができ、塗装膜厚は、通常、硬化膜厚で5〜40μm、好ましくは10〜30μmの範囲内とすることができる。
【0035】
塗装された水性第2着色塗料の塗膜は、例えば、プレヒート、エアブロー等により、約60〜約120℃、好ましくは約70〜約110℃の温度で1〜60分間程度加熱することにより乾燥することができ、これによって塗膜中の水分含有量を10重量%、特に8重量%以下にすることができる。ここで、乾燥塗膜の水分含有量は下記式により算出される値である。
【0036】
【数1】

Figure 2004000870
【0037】
Wb:アルミホイル上に水性第2着色塗料を塗装し、予備乾燥後のアルミホイルと水性第2着色塗料の合計重量。
Wc:アルミホイル上に水性第2着色塗料を塗装し、予備乾燥後のアルミホイルと水性第2着色塗料を110℃で60分間乾燥し、デシケーター内で室温まで放冷した後のアルミホイルと水性第2着色塗料の合計重量。
Wa:アルミホイルの重量。
Wd(水性第2着色塗料の揮発分中の水の割合):
【0038】
【数2】
Figure 2004000870
【0039】
クリヤ塗料の塗装
上記の如くして形成される水性第2着色塗料の塗膜上には、さらに、クリヤ塗料が塗装される。
【0040】
クリア塗料としては、例えば、自動車車体の塗装において通常使用されているそれ自体既知のものを使用することができる。具体的には、水酸基、カルボキシル基、エポキシ基などの架橋性官能基を有する、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂などの基体樹脂と、メラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂、ブロックされてもよいポリイソシアネート化合物、カルボキシル基含有化合物もしくは樹脂、エポキシ基含有化合物もしくは樹脂などの架橋剤を樹脂成分として含有する有機溶剤系熱硬化型塗料が好適である。
【0041】
クリヤ塗料には、必要に応じて、透明性を阻害しない程度にソリッドカラー顔料及び/又はメタリック顔料を含有させることができ、さらに体質顔料、紫外線吸収剤などを適宜含有せしめることができる。
【0042】
クリヤ塗料は、水性第2着色塗料の塗膜面に、それ自体既知の方法、例えば、静電塗装、エアレススプレー、エアスプレーなどにより、乾燥膜厚で10〜60μm、好ましくは25〜50μmの範囲内になるように塗装することができる。
【0043】
塗膜の焼付け
以上に述べた如くして形成される水性第1着色塗膜、水性第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜の3層の塗膜からなる複層塗膜は、通常の塗膜の焼付け手段により、例えば、熱風加熱、赤外線加熱、高周波加熱等により、約80〜約170℃、好ましくは約120〜約160℃の温度で20〜約40分間程度加熱して同時に硬化させることができる。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
以上に述べた本発明の方法によれば、水性第1着色塗料、水性第2着色塗料及びクリヤ塗料を3C1Bにより塗装して複層塗膜を形成するに際して、水性第1着色塗料の塗膜を特定の基準を満たすように予備乾燥することにより仕上がり性の良好な複層塗膜を安定して形成せしめることができ、しかも工程及び/又は時間の短縮を図ることもできる。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例のみに限定されるものではない。なお、「部」及び「%」は「重量部」及び「重量%」を示す。
【0046】
ポリエステルエマルションNo.1の製造例
加熱装置、攪拌機、温度計、還流冷却管、窒素ガス導入装置及び滴下ロートを備えた4つ口フラスコに、ネオペンチルグリコール105部、トリメチロールプロパン273部、2,2−ブチルエチルプロピレングリコール320部、アジピン酸219部、及び無水フタル酸384.8部を仕込んで加熱した。
【0047】
原料が融解して攪拌ができるようになったら攪拌を開始して、150℃から230℃まで、縮合水を系外へ留去させながら3時間かけて昇温させた。その後、230℃に保持し、反応生成物の酸価が8mgKOH/gとなるまで反応させた後、170℃に冷却した。
【0048】
さらに、無水トリメリット酸76.8部を加え、170℃で30分間保持した後、中和剤としてトリエチルアミンを6部加え、脱イオン水で調整して、固形分45%のポリエステルエマルションNo.1を得た。得られたポリエステルは、数平均分子量が3000、酸価が35mgKOH/g、水酸基価が150mgKOH/gであった。
【0049】
ポリエステルエマルションNo.2〜3の製造例
下記表1に示すモノマー配合とする以外は、ポリエステルエマルションNo.1の製造例と同様の操作を行うことにより、下記表1に示すポリエステルエマルションNo.2〜3を得た。
【0050】
【表1】
Figure 2004000870
【0051】
アクリル樹脂水溶液(A)の製造例
115℃に保ったブチルセロソルブ35部に、アクリル酸n−ブチル16.7部、メタクリル酸メチル15部、スチレン30部、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル20部、メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシルエチル12部、アクリル酸6.3部及びアゾイソブチロニトリル1部を加え、通常の条件で重合反応を行った。得られたアクリル樹脂は酸価が50mgKOH/g、水酸基価が50mgKOH/g、数平均分子量が45000であった。
【0052】
ついで、このアクリル樹脂のカルボキシル基をジメチルアミノエタノールで当量中和し、固形分含有率が55%のアクリル樹脂水溶液を得た。
水性第1着色塗料No.1の製造例
45%ポリエステルエマルションNo.1  167部(固形分 75部)、80%サイメル325(注1) 31.3部(固形分25部)、チタン白JR−806(注2) 120部、カーボンMA−100(注3) 0.1部及び脱イオン水 170.7部を加えて十分に攪拌し、固形分45%の水性第1着色塗料No.1を得た。
水性第1着色塗料No.2〜No.6の製造例
下記表2に示す配合で、水性第1着色塗料No.1の製造例と同様の操作を行なうことにより下記表2に示す水性第1着色塗料No.2〜No.6を得た。
【0053】
【表2】
Figure 2004000870
【0054】
(注1)サイメル325(三井サイテック社製、商品名、イミノ基含有メラミン樹脂)
(注2)チタン白JR−806(テイカ社製、商品名、チタン白)
(注3)カーボンMA−100(三菱化学社製、商品名、カーボンブラック)
水性第2着色塗料の製造例
前記アクリル樹脂水溶液(A)                   163部
メラミン樹脂水分散液(注4)                   131部
顔料成分(注5)                                   3部
脱イオン水                                     171部
アクワゾールASE−60 (注6)                  3部
ジメチルアミノエタノール                       0.3部
上記各成分を混合し、脱イオン水で粘度を45秒(フォードカップ#4/20℃)に調整して水性第2着色塗料を得た。
(注4)メラミン樹脂水分散液:温度計、撹拌機および還流冷却器を備えた2リットルの4つ口フラスコに、メラミン126部、80%パラホルムアルデヒド(三井東圧化学製)225部及びn−ブタノール592部を入れ、10%カセイソーダ水溶液にてpH9.5〜10.0に調整したのち、80℃で1時間反応させた。その後、n−ブタノールを888部加え、5%硫酸溶液にてpH5.5〜6.0に調整し、80℃で3時間反応させた。反応終了後、20%カセイソーダ水溶液にてpH7.0〜7.5まで中和し、60〜70℃でn−ブタノールの減圧濃縮を行ない、濾過して固形分27重量%の疎水性メラミン樹脂を得た。不揮発分80%、水/メタノール混合溶剤(重量比35/65)の溶剤希釈率3.6%、重量平均分子量800。
【0055】
このメラミン樹脂を固形分が25部になるように撹拌容器内にとり、アクリル樹脂水溶液(A)(アクリル酸n−ブチル、メタクリル酸メチル、スチレン、メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル及びアクリル酸(重量比:16.7/15/30/20/12/6.3)の共重合体からなる50%樹脂水溶液)を20部加え、回転数1000〜1500回転のディスパーで撹拌しながら脱イオン水8 0部を徐々に加えた後、さらに30分間撹拌して水分散化された固形分27%、平均粒子径0.11μmのメラミン樹脂水分散液を得た。
(注5)顔料成分:商品名「アルペースト891K」、東洋アルミニウム社製、アルミニウム含有量72%。
(注6)アクワゾールASE−60:ロームアンドハース社製の商品名、増粘剤。
実施例及び比較例
実施例1
パルボンド#3020(日本パーカライジング株式会社製、商品名、りん酸亜鉛処理)を施した冷延鋼板に、エレクロンGT−10LFグレー(関西ペイント株式会社製、商品名、カチオン電着塗料)を電着塗装することにより得られる塗膜の厚さが乾燥膜厚で20μmの電着塗板を用いて、以下の工程にて複層塗膜を形成した。
【0056】
工程1:上記製造例にて得た水性第1着色塗料No.1を30μmの乾燥膜厚で塗装した。
【0057】
工程2:形成された水性第1着色塗料の塗膜を80℃にて10分間プレヒートした。水性第1着色塗料No.1の塗膜粘度は、2.0×10mPa・秒(20℃、シェアレート0.1秒−1)であり、水の接触角は35°であった。
【0058】
工程3:上記製造例で得た水性第2着色塗料を20μmの乾燥膜厚で塗装した。
【0059】
工程4:形成された水性第2着色塗料の塗膜を80℃にて10分間プレヒートした。そのときの水性第2着色塗料の塗膜の水分含有量は10%であった。
【0060】
工程5:マジクロンK#1200TWクリヤ塗料(関西ペイント株式会社製、商品名、クリヤ塗料)を乾燥膜厚で膜厚が40μmになるように塗装し、140℃で20分間焼き付けて、3層の複層塗膜を同時に硬化させた。
【0061】
実施例2〜3、比較例1〜3
下記表3に示す工程で、実施例2〜3及び比較例1〜3の塗板を作成した。複層塗膜の作成に要する時間と塗膜性能の測定結果を表3に示す。
【0062】
【表3】
Figure 2004000870
【0063】
(注7)塗装時の固形分:フォードカップNo.4を用い、20℃のとき40秒に調整した時の塗料の固形分。
(注8)塗膜固形分:水性第1着色塗料No.1〜No.6を塗布した直後、重量を計測し、プレヒート後の重量を対比することによって塗膜固形分を算出した。
(注9)塗装時の固形分:フォードカップNo.4を用い、20℃のとき45秒に調整した時の塗料の固形分。
(注10)作業工程時間:水性第1着色塗料の塗装からクリヤ塗料の焼き付け完了までの時間。
(注11)仕上がり性:複層塗膜を垂直塗装にて作成し、表面を目視観察し次の基準で評価した。
【0064】
○:タレ、ムラの発生がなく仕上がり性が良好。
【0065】
△:タレ、ムラの発生が認められた。
【0066】
×:タレ、ムラの発生が著しく認められた。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the finish is improved by three coats and one bake in which an aqueous first colored paint, an aqueous second colored paint, and a clear paint are sequentially applied to an object to be coated, and the resulting three-layer multi-layer coating film is simultaneously heated and cured. The present invention relates to a method for forming a good multilayer coating film in a short process and / or time.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
As a method of forming a coating film on an automobile body, after applying an electrodeposition coating to the object to be coated, "coating of aqueous intermediate coating → baking hardening → coating of water-based coloring coating → preheating → coating of clear coating → setting → baking hardening '' 3 coat 2 bake method (3C2B) or 3 coat 1 bake method (3C1B) of “coating of water-based first colored paint → preheating → coating of water-based second colored paint−preheating → clear paint → setting → baking hardening” ) Is widely used (see, for example, JP-A-11-10081).
In the step of “aqueous first colored coating → preheating → aqueous second colored coating” in the above 3C1B, when an aqueous second colored coating having a solid content of 20 to 25% by weight is applied on the aqueous first colored coating, a coating film is formed. In the vicinity of the interface, the solid content of the water-based first colored paint is reduced to about 45 to 50% by weight, and a mixed layer of the water-based first colored paint and the water-based second colored paint is formed on a horizontal surface such as a hood. Poor finish is often seen in the multilayer coating film, such as sagging on the vertical surface.
[0003]
In order to prevent this, conventionally, measures have been taken to increase the coating viscosity of the aqueous first colored paint by increasing the preheating temperature or lengthening the preheating time. However, it is not known as a numerical value of the viscosity of the coating film which does not cause a mixture layer of the aqueous first colored coating material and the aqueous second colored coating material or sagging of the second aqueous colored coating material. In the case of a line, poor finish may still occur depending on the site of the object to be coated and the environmental conditions of the line.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of forming a good multi-layer coating film with a stable finish and a relatively short process time by 3C1B regardless of the site of the object to be coated and the coating environment conditions. It is.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, this time, in the coating process of the multilayer coating film by 3C1B, the aqueous first coloring paint is applied, and the coating film is preliminarily dried. The coating film viscosity is adjusted to 1 × 10 6 mPa · sec (20 ° C., shear rate 0.1 sec− 1 ) or more, and more preferably, the contact angle of the coated surface with water is in the range of 30 ° to 75 °. After that, the water-based second colored paint is applied, and preheat or air blow is applied to reduce the water content of the water-based second colored paint to 10% by weight or less. Regardless of the location of the product and the coating environment, it was found that a multi-layer coating film with excellent finish appearance can be formed stably and in a relatively short process time, without the occurrence of mixed layers or sagging of the coating film. The invention has been completed.
[0006]
Thus, the present invention relates to a method for forming a multilayer coating film by applying an aqueous first colored paint, an aqueous second colored paint, and a clear paint on an object to be coated by a three-coat one-bake method. The first colored paint is applied, and the coating film is preliminarily dried to adjust the coating film viscosity to 1 × 10 6 mPa · s (20 ° C., shear rate 0.1 second− 1 ) or more, more preferably, After making the contact angle with water in the range of 30 ° to 75 °, an aqueous second colored paint is applied and preheated or air blown to reduce the water content of the aqueous second colored paint to 10% by weight. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for forming a multilayer coating film, characterized by further applying a clear paint after the following.
[0007]
Hereinafter, the method for forming a multilayer coating film of the present invention will be described in more detail step by step in each step.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Application of water-based first colored paint:
According to the method for forming a multilayer coating film by 3C1B of the present invention, first, an aqueous first colored coating material is applied on an object to be coated.
[0009]
The object to be coated is not particularly limited, but in the present invention, an automobile body is particularly preferable.A steel sheet of an automobile body is subjected to a zinc phosphate treatment as necessary, as is usually performed. The electrodeposition coating can be performed in advance.
[0010]
As the aqueous first colored paint, an aqueous paint containing a water-soluble or water-dispersible base resin (a), a curing agent (b) and a pigment (c) can be used.
[0011]
As the base resin (a), a sufficient amount of a hydrophilic group (for example, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a methylol group, an amino group, a sulfonic acid group, a polyoxyethylene bond, etc.) to make the resin water-soluble or water-dispersible. ) And a functional group capable of undergoing a crosslinking reaction with a curing agent (for example, a hydroxyl group), such as an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, an alkyd resin, an epoxy resin, and a polyurethane resin. Among them, an acrylic resin having a carboxyl group or Polyester resins are preferred. The acrylic resin or polyester resin having a carboxyl group can have an acid value in the range of usually 10 to 100 mgKOH / g, preferably 15 to 50 mgKOH / g.
[0012]
The base resin (a) can be made water-soluble or water-dispersible, for example, by neutralizing with a basic substance or an acid, depending on the type of hydrophilic group present. In the production of the base resin (a) by polymerization, the base resin (a) can be dispersed in water by emulsion polymerization of a monomer component in the presence of a surfactant or a water-soluble polymer.
[0013]
As the curing agent (b), a melamine resin, a blocked polyisocyanate compound, or the like can be used. As the melamine resin, in particular, a methylolated melamine resin having an average of 3 or more methylol groups per triazine nucleus or a melamine resin in which a part of the methoxy group is replaced by an alkoxy group having 2 or more carbon atoms, Further, hydrophilic melamine having an imino group, an average degree of condensation of about 2 or less, and a mononuclear ratio of about 50% by weight or more is preferred.
[0014]
The blocked polyisocyanate compound used is a polyisocyanate compound having at least two isocyanate groups in one molecule in which the isocyanate group is blocked with a blocking agent such as oxime, phenol, alcohol, lactam, and mercaptan. can do.
[0015]
These curing agents (b) can be used usually in a proportion of 0 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the base resin (a).
[0016]
The pigment (c) includes color pigments and / or metallic pigments usually used in the decomposition of paints. Examples of the color pigments include titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, basic lead sulfate, calcium leadate, and zinc phosphate. , Aluminum phosphate, zinc molybdate, calcium molybdate, navy blue, ultramarine, cobalt blue, copper phthalocyanine blue, indanthrone blue, graphite, synthetic yellow iron oxide, transparent red iron oxide (yellow), bismuth vanadate, titanium yellow, Zinc yellow (zinc yellow), strontium chromate, cyanamide lead, monoazo yellow, monoazo yellow, disazo, monoazo yellow, isoindolinone yellow, metal complex salt azo yellow, quinophthalone yellow, isoindoline yellow, benzimidazolone yellow, bengar, transparent bean (Red , Leadtan, monoazo red, monoazo red, unsubstituted quinacridone red, azo lake (Mn salt), quinacridone magenta, ensenthrone orange, diansuraquinonyl red, perylene maroon, quinacridone magenta, perylene red, diketopyrrolopyrrole chrome vermilion , Basic lead chromate, chromium oxide, chlorinated phthalocyanine green, brominated phthalocyanine green, pyrazolone orange, benzimidazolone orange, dioxazine violet, perylene violet and the like, and as the metallic pigment, for example, aluminum powder And flaky aluminum oxide, pearl mica, flaky mica and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0017]
Further, in the aqueous first colored paint, as a curing catalyst for accelerating a crosslinking reaction, for example, tin octylate, dibutyltin di (2-ethylhexanoate), dioctyltin di (2-ethylhexanoate), Organometallic compounds such as dioctyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin oxide, monobutyltin trioctate, lead 2-ethylhexanoate, and zinc octylate can be appropriately compounded. The amount of these curing catalysts is usually in the range of 0.005 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the total of the base resin (a) and the curing agent (b). be able to.
[0018]
The aqueous first colored paint may further contain, if necessary, a light interference pigment, an extender pigment, a dispersant, an anti-settling agent, an organic solvent, a catalyst for accelerating the urethane reaction (eg, an organotin compound, etc.), an antifoaming agent, A thickener, a rust inhibitor, an ultraviolet absorber, a surface conditioner, and the like may be appropriately compounded.
[0019]
The aqueous first colored paint can be prepared by dissolving or dispersing the above-described components in an aqueous medium by a method known per se to form a paint. 4. The composition is adjusted so that the solid content concentration at which a viscosity at 20 ° C. for about 40 seconds can be obtained is in the range of 20 to 60% by weight, preferably 35 to 60% by weight, and then applied.
[0020]
The aqueous first colored paint can be applied by a method known per se, for example, by air spray, airless spray, electrostatic coating, or the like, and the coating film thickness is usually 10 to 100 μm, preferably 10 to 100 μm for a cured coating film. 3535 μm.
[0021]
The applied coating film of the aqueous first colored coating material is then preliminarily dried by, for example, preheating, air blowing, or the like, so that the coating film viscosity is 1 × 10 6 mPa · sec (20 ° C., shear rate 0.1 sec) −1 ) or more, preferably 2 × 10 6 mPa · s (20 ° C., shear rate 0.1 second− 1 ) or more.
[0022]
The preheating is usually performed by directly or indirectly heating the coated object at a temperature of about 60 to about 120 ° C, preferably about 70 to about 110 ° C for about 1 to 60 minutes in a drying oven. The air blow can be usually performed by blowing air heated to room temperature or a temperature of about 25 ° C. to about 80 ° C. on the coated surface of the object to be coated.
[0023]
In the present specification, the “coating film viscosity” of the aqueous first coloring paint refers to the viscosity of a coating film formed by applying the aqueous first coloring paint on an object to be coated, using a commercially available viscometer (HAAKE RheoStress RS150, Germany). It is a value measured by changing the share between 0.0001 sec- 1 and 10000 sec- 1 using HAAKE (trade name).
[0024]
In addition, the coating of the aqueous first colored paint formed by the predrying has a contact angle with water of the coated surface of 30 ° to 75 °, particularly 45 ° to 75 °. Is desirable.
[0025]
In the present specification, the “contact angle with water” of the surface (coating surface) of the coating film of the water-based first colored paint is determined by coating the water-based first colored paint on the object to be coated. At 20 ° C., 0.03 ml of deionized water was dropped to form a water drop, and the inclination angle of the water drop was measured using a commercially available contact angle meter (Kyowa Chemical Co., Ltd., contact angle meter DCCA type). Value.
[0026]
Conventionally, for example, in a coating line of an automobile, an object coated with a water-based paint is usually pre-dried by a player or an air blow in a drying furnace while being moved on a conveyor or the like. Humidity changes due to temporary changes in the number of coatings and phenomena in which the degree of drying varies depending on the part of the object to be coated (for example, hoods, roofs, doors and fenders) are often observed. When the second water-based paint was applied on the film, depending on the site, mixed layers and sagging occurred, which sometimes caused a partial defect in the finished appearance. However, according to the method of the present invention, the water-based first colored paint was applied. After coating, the viscosity of the coating film is adjusted to be equal to or more than the above specific value, and more preferably, after pre-drying so that the contact angle of the coated surface with water is within the above specific range, the aqueous second colored coating is applied. If to painting and without causing partial failure of the finished appearance as described above, it is possible to finish properties to produce a satisfactory multilayer coating film in a short process and / or time.
[0027]
Further, in the preliminary drying of the coating film of the aqueous first coloring paint, it is preferable that the solid content concentration of the coating film is at least 85% by weight, particularly in the range of 90 to 95% by weight. The solid content of the coating film can be calculated by the following equation.
[0028]
Solid content concentration (%) = {(Wc−Wa) / (Wb−Wa)} × 100
Wb: The total weight of the aluminum foil and the water-based first colored paint after applying the water-based first colored paint on the aluminum foil and pre-drying.
Wc: A water-based first colored paint is applied on an aluminum foil, the pre-dried aluminum foil and the water-based first colored paint are dried at 110 ° C. for 60 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature in a desiccator, and the aluminum foil and the water-based first colored paint are dried. Total weight of first colored paint.
Wa: weight of aluminum foil.
[0029]
Aqueous The second painted on the coating <br/> as described above Hinuri of colored coating material and predried aqueous first colored coating composition of the coating film, then, the aqueous second colored paint to paint.
[0030]
Examples of the aqueous second coloring paint include, for example, a base resin such as an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, an alkyd resin, a urethane resin, and an epoxy resin having a crosslinkable functional group such as a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group, and a polyblock that may be blocked. A resin component comprising a crosslinking agent such as an isocyanate compound, a melamine resin, and a urea resin, dissolved or dispersed in water together with a pigment and other additives to form a coating can be used.
[0031]
As the pigment component, the coloring pigments and / or metallic pigments exemplified above can be similarly used as the pigment component that can be blended with the aqueous first coloring paint. If the metallic pigment is used as at least a part of the pigment component, the pigment becomes dense. A metallic or silky pearly coating film having a feeling can be formed.
[0032]
The amount of the pigment in the water-based second colored paint is determined by visually recognizing the color of the underlying water-based first colored paint film through the paint film having transparency. It is desirable to use a relatively small amount that can be used.
[0033]
The water-based second colored paint is Ford Cup No. 4. Adjust the solid content concentration to obtain a viscosity at 20 ° C. for 45 seconds within the range of 20 to 50% by weight, preferably 25 to 45% by weight, and apply the preliminary heat-drying coating of the aqueous first colored coating. Can be painted on the membrane.
[0034]
The application of the aqueous second colored paint can be performed by a method known per se, for example, air spray, airless spray, an electrostatic coating machine, and the like, and the coating film thickness is usually 5 to 40 μm, preferably a cured film thickness, preferably Can be in the range of 10 to 30 μm.
[0035]
The applied coating film of the aqueous second coloring paint is dried by heating at a temperature of about 60 to about 120 ° C., preferably about 70 to about 110 ° C. for about 1 to 60 minutes, for example, by preheating, air blowing, or the like. This makes it possible to reduce the water content in the coating to 10% by weight, in particular 8% by weight or less. Here, the moisture content of the dried coating film is a value calculated by the following equation.
[0036]
(Equation 1)
Figure 2004000870
[0037]
Wb: The total weight of the aluminum foil and the water-based second colored paint after pre-drying by coating the water-based second colored paint on the aluminum foil.
Wc: A water-based second colored paint is applied on an aluminum foil, the pre-dried aluminum foil and the water-based second colored paint are dried at 110 ° C. for 60 minutes, and the aluminum foil and the water-based are allowed to cool to room temperature in a desiccator. Total weight of second colored paint.
Wa: weight of aluminum foil.
Wd (proportion of water in the volatile matter of the aqueous second colored paint):
[0038]
(Equation 2)
Figure 2004000870
[0039]
Application of clear paint A clear paint is further applied on the coating film of the aqueous second colored paint formed as described above.
[0040]
As the clear paint, for example, a known paint which is usually used in painting an automobile body can be used. Specifically, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, having a crosslinkable functional group such as an epoxy group, a base resin such as an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, an alkyd resin, a urethane resin, an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, a urea resin, Organic solvent-based thermosetting paints containing, as a resin component, a crosslinking agent such as a polyisocyanate compound, a carboxyl group-containing compound or resin, or an epoxy group-containing compound or resin are preferred.
[0041]
If necessary, the clear paint may contain a solid color pigment and / or a metallic pigment to such an extent that transparency is not impaired, and may further contain an extender pigment, an ultraviolet absorber and the like as appropriate.
[0042]
The clear paint is applied on the coated surface of the aqueous second colored paint by a method known per se, for example, electrostatic coating, airless spray, air spray, or the like, in a dry film thickness of 10 to 60 μm, preferably 25 to 50 μm. Can be painted inside.
[0043]
Aqueous first colored coating film formed by as described baking <br/> above coating, multilayer coating film comprising a coating film of three layers of aqueous second colored coating film and clear coating film, usually The coating is cured by heating at a temperature of about 80 to about 170 ° C., preferably about 120 to about 160 ° C. for about 20 to about 40 minutes, for example, by hot air heating, infrared heating, or high-frequency heating. Can be done.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention described above, when the aqueous first colored paint, the aqueous second colored paint, and the clear paint are applied by 3C1B to form a multilayer coating film, the coating of the aqueous first colored paint is applied. By pre-drying to satisfy a specific standard, a multi-layer coating film having good finish can be formed stably, and the process and / or time can be shortened.
[0045]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. “Parts” and “%” indicate “parts by weight” and “% by weight”.
[0046]
Polyester emulsion No. Production Example 1 In a four-necked flask equipped with a heating device, a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux condenser, a nitrogen gas introducing device, and a dropping funnel, 105 parts of neopentyl glycol, 273 parts of trimethylolpropane, 2, 320 parts of 2-butylethylpropylene glycol, 219 parts of adipic acid, and 384.8 parts of phthalic anhydride were charged and heated.
[0047]
When the raw materials were melted and the stirring became possible, the stirring was started and the temperature was raised from 150 ° C. to 230 ° C. over 3 hours while distilling the condensed water out of the system. Thereafter, the reaction product was kept at 230 ° C., reacted until the acid value of the reaction product became 8 mgKOH / g, and then cooled to 170 ° C.
[0048]
Further, after adding 76.8 parts of trimellitic anhydride and keeping the mixture at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes, 6 parts of triethylamine was added as a neutralizing agent, and the mixture was adjusted with deionized water. 1 was obtained. The obtained polyester had a number average molecular weight of 3,000, an acid value of 35 mgKOH / g, and a hydroxyl value of 150 mgKOH / g.
[0049]
Polyester emulsion No. Production Examples 2 to 3 Polyester emulsion Nos. By performing the same operations as in the production example of Polyester Emulsion No. 1 shown in Table 1 below. 2-3 were obtained.
[0050]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004000870
[0051]
Production Example of Acrylic Resin Aqueous Solution (A) 35 parts of butyl cellosolve kept at 115 ° C., 16.7 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 15 parts of methyl methacrylate, 30 parts of styrene, 20 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2 parts of methacrylic acid -12 parts of hydroxylethyl, 6.3 parts of acrylic acid and 1 part of azoisobutyronitrile were added, and a polymerization reaction was carried out under ordinary conditions. The obtained acrylic resin had an acid value of 50 mgKOH / g, a hydroxyl value of 50 mgKOH / g, and a number average molecular weight of 45,000.
[0052]
Then, the carboxyl group of this acrylic resin was neutralized by equivalent amount with dimethylaminoethanol to obtain an aqueous acrylic resin solution having a solid content of 55%.
Aqueous first colored paint No. Production Example 45% Polyester Emulsion No. 1 1 167 parts (solid content 75 parts), 80% Cymel 325 (Note 1) 31.3 parts (solid content 25 parts), Titanium White JR-806 (Note 2) 120 parts, Carbon MA-100 (Note 3) 0 .1 part and 170.7 parts of deionized water, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred, and the aqueous first colored paint No. having a solid content of 45% was added. 1 was obtained.
Aqueous first colored paint No. 2-No. Production Example 6 Aqueous first colored paint No. 6 having the composition shown in Table 2 below. By performing the same operation as in Production Example 1, the aqueous first colored paint No. 1 shown in Table 2 below was obtained. 2-No. 6 was obtained.
[0053]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004000870
[0054]
(Note 1) Cymel 325 (Mitsui Cytec, trade name, melamine resin containing imino group)
(Note 2) Titanium White JR-806 (manufactured by Teica, trade name, titanium white)
(Note 3) Carbon MA-100 (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, trade name, carbon black)
Production example of water-based second colored coating material Acrylic resin aqueous solution (A) 163 parts Melamine resin aqueous dispersion (Note 4) 131 parts Pigment component (Note 5) 3 parts Deionized water 171 parts Acwazol ASE-60 ( Note 6) 3 parts dimethylaminoethanol 0.3 part The above components were mixed, and the viscosity was adjusted to 45 seconds (Ford cup # 4/20 ° C.) with deionized water to obtain an aqueous second colored paint.
(Note 4) Melamine resin aqueous dispersion: 126 parts of melamine, 225 parts of 80% paraformaldehyde (manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals) and n in a 2-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser. After adding 592 parts of butanol and adjusting the pH to 9.5 to 10.0 with a 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the mixture was reacted at 80 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, 888 parts of n-butanol was added, the pH was adjusted to 5.5 to 6.0 with a 5% sulfuric acid solution, and the mixture was reacted at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, the solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 to 7.5 with a 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, concentrated under reduced pressure of n-butanol at 60 to 70 ° C, and filtered to obtain a hydrophobic melamine resin having a solid content of 27% by weight. Obtained. Nonvolatile content 80%, solvent dilution ratio of water / methanol mixed solvent (weight ratio 35/65) 3.6%, weight average molecular weight 800.
[0055]
This melamine resin is placed in a stirring vessel such that the solid content becomes 25 parts, and an aqueous acrylic resin solution (A) (n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid (weight ratio: 20 parts of a 16.7 / 15/30/20/12 / 6.3) copolymer 50% aqueous resin solution) and 80 parts of deionized water while stirring with a disperser having a rotation number of 1,000 to 1,500. Was gradually added, and the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a water-dispersed aqueous melamine resin dispersion having a solid content of 27% and an average particle diameter of 0.11 μm.
(Note 5) Pigment component: trade name “Alpaste 891K”, manufactured by Toyo Aluminum Co., Ltd., aluminum content 72%.
(Note 6) Acwazol ASE-60: trade name and thickener manufactured by Rohm and Haas.
Examples and Comparative Examples Example 1
Electron GT-10LF gray (Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., trade name, cationic electrodeposition paint) is electrodeposited on a cold rolled steel sheet that has been subjected to Palbond # 3020 (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Parkerizing Co., Ltd., trade name: zinc phosphate treatment). A multilayer coating film was formed by the following steps using an electrodeposition coating plate having a dry film thickness of 20 μm.
[0056]
Step 1: The aqueous first colored paint No. obtained in the above Production Example. 1 was applied with a dry film thickness of 30 μm.
[0057]
Step 2: The formed coating film of the aqueous first colored paint was preheated at 80 ° C for 10 minutes. Aqueous first colored paint No. The coating film viscosity of No. 1 was 2.0 × 10 6 mPa · sec (20 ° C., shear rate 0.1 sec− 1 ), and the contact angle of water was 35 °.
[0058]
Step 3: The aqueous second colored paint obtained in the above Production Example was applied with a dry film thickness of 20 μm.
[0059]
Step 4: The formed coating film of the aqueous second colored paint was preheated at 80 ° C for 10 minutes. At that time, the water content of the coating film of the aqueous second coloring paint was 10%.
[0060]
Step 5: Magiclon K # 1200TW clear paint (trade name, clear paint, manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.) is applied to a dry film thickness of 40 μm, and baked at 140 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a three-layer composite. The layer coating was simultaneously cured.
[0061]
Examples 2-3, Comparative Examples 1-3
In the steps shown in Table 3 below, coated plates of Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were prepared. Table 3 shows the time required to prepare the multilayer coating film and the measurement results of the coating film performance.
[0062]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004000870
[0063]
(Note 7) Solid content at the time of painting: Ford Cup No. 4, the solid content of the paint when adjusted to 40 seconds at 20 ° C.
(Note 8) Solid content of coating film: aqueous first colored paint No. 1 to No. Immediately after the application of No. 6, the weight was measured, and the solid content of the coating film was calculated by comparing the weight after preheating.
(Note 9) Solid content at the time of painting: Ford Cup No. 4, the solid content of the paint when adjusted to 45 seconds at 20 ° C.
(Note 10) Working process time: Time from application of the aqueous first colored paint to completion of baking of the clear paint.
(Note 11) Finishability: A multilayer coating film was prepared by vertical coating, the surface was visually observed, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
[0064]
:: Good finish with no sagging or unevenness.
[0065]
Δ: Sagging and unevenness were observed.
[0066]
C: Sagging and unevenness were remarkably observed.

Claims (3)

水性第1着色塗料、水性第2着色塗料及びクリヤ塗料を用い、被塗物上に3コート1ベーク方式により塗装して複層塗膜を形成する方法において、水性第1着色塗料を塗装し、その塗膜を予備乾燥して塗膜粘度を1×10mPa・秒(20℃、シェアレート0.1秒−1)以上に調整した後に、水性第2着色塗料を塗装し、プレヒート又はエアブローを施して水性第2着色塗料の水分含有量を10重量%以下とした後、さらにクリア塗料を塗装することを特徴とする複層塗膜形成方法。Using a water-based first colored paint, a water-based second colored paint, and a clear paint, a method of applying a three-coat one-bake method on an object to form a multi-layer coating film, applying the water-based first colored paint, After preliminarily drying the coating film and adjusting the coating film viscosity to 1 × 10 6 mPa · s (20 ° C., shear rate 0.1 second −1 ) or more, an aqueous second coloring paint is applied, and preheating or air blowing is performed. A water content of the aqueous second colored paint is reduced to 10% by weight or less, and then a clear paint is further applied. 水性第1着色塗料を塗装し、その塗膜を予備乾燥して塗面の水との接触角が30°〜75°の範囲内となるようにした後に、水性第2着色塗料を塗装する請求項1に記載の方法。Applying the aqueous second colored paint after applying the aqueous first colored paint and pre-drying the coating film so that the contact angle with water of the coated surface is in the range of 30 ° to 75 °. Item 1. The method according to Item 1. 水性第1着色塗料を塗装し、その塗膜を予備乾燥して塗膜の固形分濃度が少なくとも55重量%となるようにした後に水性第2着色塗料を塗装する請求項1又は2に記載の方法。The aqueous second colored paint according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aqueous second colored paint is applied after applying the aqueous first colored paint, and preliminarily drying the coating film so that the solid content concentration of the coated film is at least 55% by weight. Method.
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WO2007074942A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Method of forming multilayered coating film
JP2007526120A (en) * 2004-03-05 2007-09-13 ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト Method for producing multilayer sheet F and use thereof
JP2009006285A (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-15 Kansai Paint Co Ltd Multilayer coat forming method
JP2010065254A (en) * 2008-09-09 2010-03-25 Jfe Steel Corp Black pre-painted steel sheet, worked article and panel for flat-screen television
JP2011240266A (en) * 2010-05-19 2011-12-01 Nippon Bee Chemical Co Ltd Method for forming multilayer coating film
JP2012157827A (en) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-23 Kansai Paint Co Ltd Method for forming luster multilayer coating film
JP2013000711A (en) * 2011-06-21 2013-01-07 Dupont Shinto Automotive Systems Kk Method for forming multilayer coating film

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JPH09187722A (en) * 1996-01-12 1997-07-22 Kansai Paint Co Ltd Method for forming coating film
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JP2007526120A (en) * 2004-03-05 2007-09-13 ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト Method for producing multilayer sheet F and use thereof
JP2006061895A (en) * 2004-08-25 2006-03-09 Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd Coating evaluation method
JP4628732B2 (en) * 2004-08-25 2011-02-09 ダイハツ工業株式会社 Paint evaluation method
WO2006054611A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-05-26 Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. Water-based color coating material, aqueous dispersion of hydrophobic melamine resin and process for producing the same, water-based coating composition, and method of forming multilayered film
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WO2007074942A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Method of forming multilayered coating film
JPWO2007074942A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2009-06-04 関西ペイント株式会社 Multi-layer coating formation method
JP2009006285A (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-15 Kansai Paint Co Ltd Multilayer coat forming method
JP2010065254A (en) * 2008-09-09 2010-03-25 Jfe Steel Corp Black pre-painted steel sheet, worked article and panel for flat-screen television
JP2011240266A (en) * 2010-05-19 2011-12-01 Nippon Bee Chemical Co Ltd Method for forming multilayer coating film
JP2012157827A (en) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-23 Kansai Paint Co Ltd Method for forming luster multilayer coating film
JP2013000711A (en) * 2011-06-21 2013-01-07 Dupont Shinto Automotive Systems Kk Method for forming multilayer coating film

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