JP2004000055A - Plant growing/storing apparatus and plant growing/storing method - Google Patents

Plant growing/storing apparatus and plant growing/storing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004000055A
JP2004000055A JP2002159264A JP2002159264A JP2004000055A JP 2004000055 A JP2004000055 A JP 2004000055A JP 2002159264 A JP2002159264 A JP 2002159264A JP 2002159264 A JP2002159264 A JP 2002159264A JP 2004000055 A JP2004000055 A JP 2004000055A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
light
plant
light source
storing
growing
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JP2002159264A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masanori Ishiwatari
石渡 正紀
Shinichi Abe
安部 慎一
Akihide Kudo
工藤 章英
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant growing/storing apparatus and a plant growing/storing method which can give illumination suitable for both growing and storing a seedling to the seedling. <P>SOLUTION: The plant growing/storing apparatus is provided with a light source (illumination lamp 3a-3h), a controlling part (controlling computer 8) for controlling the lighting state of the light source, and a container (chamber 1) which accommodates the light source and a plant therein and can shield light from the outside, the controlling part controlling at the time of storing the plant a lighting time of the light source so that the integrated light quantity for the plant in a day is nearly equal to the integrated light quantity in a day in the case when light having light quantity at a light compensation point is continuously applied by repeating an on-off operation of the light source every predetermined hour under a condition such that uniformity ratio of illuminance of light from the light source at the time of bringing up the plant is maintained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本件の発明は人工光源を用いて野菜や花卉などの植物の苗を育成し、育成した苗を貯蔵する植物育成貯蔵装置および植物育成貯蔵方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、農業従事者の高齢化や労働力不足を補うため、蛍光灯などの人工光源を用いて野菜や花卉などの植物の苗を育成したいという要望が高まっており、人工光源を用いた苗生産システムの開発が進んでいる(特開平5−137457号公報、特開平6−30655号公報、特開平11−103675号公報、特開平11−137107号公報などを参照)。
【0003】
苗の成長にあわせて必要な光強度は変わるが、苗を人工光源で育成しようとすると、一般的に苗に対して100〜300μmol/m/s程度の光出力(光合成有効光量子束)が必要とされる。ここに、光はエネルギーを持つ1個の粒子の集まりであるとみなされるが、光量子束とは単位時間当たりに放射される粒子の数をいう。また、光合成有効光量子束(PPF:Photosynthetic Photon Flux)とは光合成に有効な400〜700nmの波長域に含まれる光量子束をいう。本明細書において、光合成有効光量子束は、植物が植えられているトレイ面から高さ10cmの仮想平面における平均値によって求められる。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
最近、出荷前の苗を人工光源下で一時的に低温で貯蔵して苗の生産計画に役立てようという研究が進み、貯蔵時に苗に対して弱光を照射する方が暗黒下で貯蔵するよりも苗質を長く維持できることが明らかになってきている(久保田、古在他;Acta Horticulturae,No.393,pp.89〜93(1995年3月)、特開2000−188957号公報、特開2001−28946号公報などを参照)。
【0005】
弱光を照射して低温苗貯蔵を行う場合、苗の種類や周囲の温度などの条件によって違いがあるものの、概ね2〜15μmol/m/sの低光出力が必要とされる。例えば、ブロッコリーの苗であれば、周囲温度5℃で2μmol/m/s、周囲温度15℃で5μmol/m/sの光出力が必要である(上記久保田、古在他を参照。)。
【0006】
したがって、苗の育成に必要な光出力と、貯蔵に必要な光出力とは100倍程度という大きな違いがある。このため、人工光源によって強光を照射する苗の育成と弱光を照射する苗の貯蔵とは別個のシステムを用いて行われており、苗を移し替える必要があった。
【0007】
これをあえて1つのシステムで苗の育成と貯蔵とを行おうとすると、光源の調光範囲を非常に大きなものとしなければならないという問題や、育成時に必要とされる大出力の光源を貯蔵時には低温(例えば、5℃)の環境下で低出力(例えば、5%以下の調光)で点灯させなければならず、照明ランプ出力が不安定になってちらついたり、照明ランプが立ち消えたりするおそれがあり、安定性に欠けるという問題が生じる。このため、人工光源を用いて野菜や花卉などの植物の苗を育成し、出荷前の苗を貯蔵する植物育成貯蔵装置において、苗育成用の大出力の光源をそのまま低出力で用いて苗貯蔵用の光源に転用することは困難である。
【0008】
この問題を解決するためには、貯蔵時には育成用に設置された複数の光源の一部のみを点灯させることが考えられるが、これでは照度均斉度が低く、個々の苗に照射される光の量が苗の位置によって異なることとなり、苗質にバラツキが生じてしまう。また、一部の光源のみであってもそれを本来の出力通りに点灯すると貯蔵時としては明るすぎて苗の葉焼けを生じさせることもある。
【0009】
本件の発明は、以上の課題に鑑みてなされたもので、苗の育成および貯蔵のいずれにも適した照明を苗に与えることが可能な植物育成貯蔵装置および植物育成貯蔵方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に係る植物育成貯蔵装置の発明は、光源と、前記光源の点灯状態を制御する制御部と、内部に前記光源と植物とを収納し、外部からの光の遮断が可能な容器とを備え、前記光源からの光を植物に照射して植物を育成し、育成された植物を貯蔵する植物育成貯蔵装置であって、植物の貯蔵時に、前記制御部は、植物の育成時における前記光源からの光の照度均斉度が維持される条件で所定の時間毎に前記光源のオン−オフを繰り返し、これによる植物に対する一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように前記光源の点灯時間を制御することを特徴とする。ここで、光補償点とは、植物の光合成によるCOの吸収と、植物の呼吸によるCOの排出とが釣り合い、見かけ上容器内のCOの増減がゼロになる光強度のことである。光補償点は植物の種類や培地のショ糖濃度、温湿度などの様々な条件によって変化するものであり、予め個々に求めなければならない。
【0011】
請求項2に係る植物育成貯蔵装置の発明は、光源と、前記光源の点灯状態を制御する制御部と、前記光源からの光の照度均斉度を向上させる光透過量調整部材と、前記光透過量調整部材を移動させて前記光源と植物との間に前記光透過量調整部材を置き、また前記光源と植物との間から前記光透過量調整部材を取り除くことが可能な移動機構と、内部に前記光源と植物とを収納し、外部からの光の遮断が可能な容器とを備え、前記光源からの光を植物に照射して植物を育成し、育成された植物を貯蔵する植物育成貯蔵装置であって、植物の貯蔵時に、前記移動機構で前記光透過量調整部材を前記光源と植物との間に介在させ、前記制御部は、植物に対する一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように前記光源の点灯時間を制御することを特徴とする。
【0012】
請求項3に係る植物育成貯蔵装置の発明は、前記の各植物育成貯蔵装置において、光源が複数あり、植物の貯蔵時に、制御部は、一部の光源のみを選択的に点灯するものである。
【0013】
請求項4に係る植物育成貯蔵装置の発明は、複数の光源と、前記複数の光源の点灯状態を制御する制御部と、一部の前記光源に設けられた照度均斉部材と、内部に前記光源と植物とを収納し、外部からの光の遮断が可能な容器とを備え、前記光源からの光を植物に照射して植物を育成し、育成された植物を貯蔵する植物育成貯蔵装置であって、植物の貯蔵時に、前記制御部は、前記照度均斉部材が設けられた光源を選択的に点灯させ、植物に対する一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように前記照度均斉部材が設けられた光源の点灯時間を制御することを特徴とする。
【0014】
請求項5に係る植物育成貯蔵装置の発明は、請求項4に係る植物育成貯蔵装置において、前記照度均斉部材が光源の植物とは反対の側に設けられた反射板であるものである。また、請求項6に係る植物育成貯蔵装置の発明は、前記照度均斉部材が光源を覆う被膜であるものである。
【0015】
請求項7に係る植物育成貯蔵装置の発明は、前記各植物育成貯蔵装置において、制御部によって光源の調光制御が可能であり、植物の貯蔵時に、前記光源の調光制御を併用するものである。また、請求項8に係る植物育成貯蔵装置の発明は、前記各植物育成貯蔵装置において、光源の植物側に直射光を遮る遮光板を備えたものである。
【0016】
請求項9に係る植物育成貯蔵方法の発明は、前記各植物育成貯蔵装置を用いた植物育成貯蔵方法であって、貯蔵時に一日に植物に照射される光の積算光量が、育成時に一日に植物に照射される光の積算光量の10分の1以下であるものである。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照しながら本件各発明の実施形態の一例を説明する。
【0018】
(実施形態1)
本件発明の実施形態1の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図を図1に示す。図1に示す植物育成貯蔵装置は、植物の苗2を育成し、育成された苗2を貯蔵するチャンバー(容器)1と、苗の育成、貯蔵時に苗に光を照射する照明ランプ(光源)3a〜3hとを備えている。
【0019】
チャンバー1によって苗は外部と遮断され、苗に照射される光の量はチャンバー1内部の照明ランプ3a〜3hのオン−オフ(および照明ランプが調光可能な場合は調光制御)によって調節される。また、チャンバー1内部の温度も外部の温度とは独立して制御が可能であり、苗の貯蔵時にはチャンバー1内部は低温に設定される(これらの点は他の実施形態においても同様である。)。なお、チャンバー1内部の温度を検知するための機構、温度制御のための熱源とその制御機構等は通常のものであり、その図示および詳しい説明を省略する。チャンバー1は光源と苗とが内部に収納可能であれば、その大きさは問わず、大きな部屋状のものでもよい(これらの点も他の実施形態において同様である。)。
【0020】
8本の照明ランプ3a〜3hは2本ずつまとめられて2灯用の安定器4a〜4dに接続されている。安定器4a〜4dからの電源線5は1つのオン−オフスイッチ6に接続されており、オン−オフスイッチ6から延びた信号線7は制御用コンピュータ(制御部)8に接続されている。なお、図1では、安定器4a〜4dはチャンバー1内部に置かれているが、外部に置いても構わない。
【0021】
この実施形態1の植物育成貯蔵装置では、苗の育成時には、照明ランプ3a〜3hの全てが点灯される。育成した苗を貯蔵する際には、制御用コンピュータ8でオン−オフスイッチ6を制御して、光源の照度均斉度が維持される条件で所定の時間毎に照明ランプ6のオン−オフを一括して繰り返す。この際、照明ランプを点灯する時間を夜間に集中させれば、割安な深夜電力などを有効に利用することができる。
【0022】
ここに、光源の照度均斉度が維持される条件とは、照明ランプが調光制御可能な場合は、苗の貯蔵時に制御用コンピュータ8で調光制御を行っても良いが、苗の育成時の光線の照度均斉度が維持されるように、過度に調光して照明ランプの出力が不安定になってちらついたり、立ち消えしたりしない範囲で調光制御するということである。
【0023】
図2において、ハッチングを施してある部分は照明ランプが点灯されている時間であり、図2(a)は苗に対して光補償点(苗の種類などに応じて変わる。)の光量の光を連続して照射した状態を示している。実施形態1では、図2(b)に示すように、貯蔵時に所定の時間毎に照明ランプ3a〜3hのオン−オフを繰り返す。一日に苗に照射される光の積算光量は図2のハッチングが施された部分の面積に相当するので、図2(a)でハッチングが施された部分の面積と図2(b)でハッチングが施された部分の面積が等しくなるように貯蔵時の照明ランプ3a〜3hの点灯時間を設定する。苗に照射される光量は時間的な積算が可能であり、これによって、苗の貯蔵時の一日の積算光量が、当該苗に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくする。
【0024】
実施形態1のように、苗に対して暗期を設けながら、一時的に苗に対して強い光を与えることによって、苗の活性度が高められ、光補償点での一定光照射による光貯蔵よりも高い苗質を維持することが可能となる。
【0025】
(実施形態2)
本件発明の実施形態2の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図を図3に示す。図3に示す植物育成貯蔵装置は、苗2を育成し、育成された苗2を貯蔵するチャンバー(容器)1と、苗の育成、貯蔵時に苗に光を照射する照明ランプ(光源)3a〜3hとを備えている。チャンバー1によって苗は外部と遮断され、苗に照射される光の量はチャンバー1内部の照明ランプ3a〜3hのオン−オフ(および照明ランプが調光可能な場合は調光制御)によって調節され、チャンバー1内部の温度も外部の温度とは独立して制御が可能である。
【0026】
8本の照明ランプ3a〜3hは2本ずつまとめられて2灯用の安定器4a〜4dに接続されている。各安定器4a〜4dから延びた電源線5a〜5dは各々1つのオン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dに接続されており、各オン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dから延びた信号線7は制御用コンピュータ(制御部)8に接続されている。
【0027】
この実施形態2の植物育成貯蔵装置では、苗の育成時には、照明ランプ3a〜3hの全てが点灯される。育成した苗を貯蔵する際には、制御用コンピュータ8でオン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dを制御して、光源の照度均斉度が維持される条件で所定の時間毎に照明ランプ6a〜6hのオン−オフを繰り返す。この際、照明ランプ6a〜6hを一括してオン−オフしても、2本の照明ランプずつを別々にオン−オフしてもいずれでもよい。
【0028】
苗の貯蔵時には、一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように、制御用コンピュータ8によって照明ランプを点灯する時間が設定される。
【0029】
表1は光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射する場合の点灯タイムスケジュールの一例である。この例は、苗に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量が240μmol/m/sの例である。1つの照明ランプを一日の間に1回以上は点灯・消灯させて、一日の光の積算光量が、この苗に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と等しくなるようにした点灯タイムスケジュールの一例を表2に示す。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 2004000055
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 2004000055
【0032】
実施形態2のように、チャンバー内の光源をいくつかの組に分けて独立してオン−オフ可能にしておけば、チャンバー内に複数の棚があり、苗のトレイが置かれる棚と苗のトレイが置かれない棚とがある場合、苗の育成を開始する前に制御用コンピュータに苗のトレイが置かれない棚の位置を入力し、苗のトレイが置かれない棚の上部に設置された照明ランプを苗の育成、貯蔵時に全く点灯させないように制御することが可能である。
【0033】
また、チャンバー内の光源をいくつかの組に分けて独立してオン−オフ可能にしておけば、ON−OFFの時間と貯蔵時に点灯する本数とを単位時間ごとに変えることによって、貯蔵時に定常的に弱光をあてている中で、苗活力を維持する目的で短時間のみ強光をあてる光刺激貯蔵を行うことも可能である。
【0034】
(実施形態3)
本件発明の実施形態3の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図を図4に示す。図4に示す植物育成貯蔵装置は、苗2を育成し、育成された苗2を貯蔵するチャンバー(容器)1と、苗の育成、貯蔵時に苗に光を照射する照明ランプ(光源)3a〜3hとを備えている。チャンバー1によって苗は外部と遮断され、苗に照射される光の量はチャンバー1内部の照明ランプ3a〜3hのオン−オフおよび照明ランプの調光制御によって調節され、チャンバー1内部の温度も外部の温度とは独立して制御が可能である。
【0035】
8本の照明ランプ3a〜3hは2本ずつまとめられて2灯用の安定器4a〜4dに接続されている。各安定器4a〜4dから延びた電源線5a〜5dは各々1つのオン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dに接続されており、各オン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dから延びた信号線7aは制御用コンピュータ(制御部)8に接続されている。安定器4a〜4dは調光制御ブロック9a〜9dと各々接続され、各調光制御ブロック9a〜9dは信号線7bを介して制御用コンピュータ8と接続されており、制御用コンピュータ8からの信号を受けて任意の調光信号(DUTY信号)を各安定器4a〜4dに送ることができ、照明ランプ3a〜3hは調光機能を有する。
【0036】
この実施形態3の植物育成貯蔵装置では、苗の育成時には、照明ランプ3a〜3hの全てが点灯される。育成した苗を貯蔵する際には、制御用コンピュータ8でオン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dを制御して、光源の照度均斉度が維持される条件で所定の時間毎に照明ランプ3a〜3hのオン−オフを繰り返して、一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように、制御用コンピュータ8によって照明ランプ3a〜3hを点灯する時間が設定される。
【0037】
なお、調光制御は、照明ランプ1本の光強度が強く、苗に対して飽和点を超えてしまい、葉焼けを起こすなどの問題が発生する場合に特に必要である。
【0038】
(実施形態4)
本件発明の実施形態4の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図を図5に示す。図5に示す植物育成貯蔵装置は、苗2を育成し、育成された苗2を貯蔵するチャンバー(容器)1と、苗の育成、貯蔵時に点灯される照明ランプ(光源)3e,3fと苗の育成時にのみ点灯される照明ランプ(光源)3a〜3d,3g〜3hとを備えている。チャンバー1によって苗は外部と遮断され、苗に照射される光の量はチャンバー1内部の照明ランプ3a〜3hのオン−オフ(および照明ランプが調光可能な場合は調光制御)によって調節され、チャンバー1内部の温度も外部の温度とは独立して制御が可能である。
【0039】
8本の照明ランプ3a〜3hは2本ずつまとめられて2灯用の安定器4a〜4dに接続されている。各安定器4a〜4dから延びた電源線5a〜5dは各々1つのオン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dに接続されており、各オン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dから延びた信号線7は制御用コンピュータ(制御部)8に接続されている。
【0040】
この実施形態4の植物育成貯蔵装置には、光透過量調整部材10と、制御用コンピュータ8からの所定の信号を受けて、光透過量調整部材10を移動させて照明ランプ3a〜3hと苗2との間に光透過量調整部材10を置き、また照明ランプ3a〜3hと苗2との間から光透過量調整部材10を取り除くことが可能な移動機構(図示しない)とが設けられている。光透過量調整部材10は光の透過量を低減して苗の貯蔵時に苗に過度に強い光が照射されることを回避するとともに、照明ランプ3a〜3fからの光の照度均斉度を向上させるものである。
【0041】
このような光透過量調整部材10としては、アクリルやポリエチレンなどに色素などの所望の材料を添加した材料からなる平面シート、樹脂を成形加工して表面にプリズム状の溝を設けたプリズムシート、印刷(偏光処理を含む)や蒸着などにより透過率や拡散性などを制御したガラス板などが挙げられる。
【0042】
この植物育成貯蔵装置では、苗の育成時には、照明ランプと苗との間から光透過量調整部材10が取り除かれ、照明ランプ3a〜3hの全てが連続して点灯される。苗の貯蔵時には、照明ランプと苗との間に光透過量調整部材10が設置され、照明ランプ3e,3fのみが点灯される。制御用コンピュータ8でオン−オフスイッチ6a〜6cを制御して、照明ランプ3e,3fの点灯時間が、光透過量調整部材10を通過して苗に照射される一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように設定される。すなわち、照明ランプ3e,3fのオン−オフ制御と光透過量調整部材10との両方で貯蔵時の光量を調整する。
【0043】
光透過量調整部材10は苗の貯蔵時に用いられるものであるから、実施形態4の植物育成貯蔵装置のように苗の貯蔵時に一部の光源しか点灯されないのであれば、その苗の貯蔵時に点灯される苗の位置に応じた光の透過量分布を有していればよい。例えば、図6に模式的に示すように、光透過量調整部材10のうち、苗の貯蔵時にも点灯される照明ランプ3の下側部分の光透過量が、苗の育成時にのみ点灯される他の照明ランプの下側部分の光透過量よりも小さくなるように光透過量調整部材10の光の透過率分布パターン10aを決めればよい。
【0044】
(実施形態5)
本件発明の実施形態5の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図を図7に示す。図7に示す植物育成貯蔵装置は、制御用コンピュータ8からの所定の信号により移動可能なチューブ状の光透過量調整部材10を苗の貯蔵時に点灯される照明ランプ3eを囲むように設けたものである。
【0045】
光透過量調整部材10の形態が異なる以外、実施形態5の植物育成貯蔵装置は、図5に示す植物育成貯蔵装置とは同様の構成を有しており、その詳しい説明を省略する。
【0046】
(実施形態6)
本件発明の実施形態6の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図を図8に示す。図8に示す植物育成貯蔵装置は、制御用コンピュータ8からの所定の信号により移動可能な光透過量調整部材10を、照明ランプ3a〜3hを覆うベルト状の部材で構成したものである。
【0047】
この光透過量調整部材10は部分によって光透過率が異なり、着色等されていて光透過率が低い部分と、無色透明で光透過率が高い部分とが存在する。苗の育成時には、無色透明な部分を照明ランプ側にして光量が不足しないようにする。一方、苗の貯蔵時には、ベルト状光透過量調整部材10を回転させて、点灯される照明ランプの下側には、光透過率が低い部分が来るようにする。貯蔵時に点灯される照明ランプを所定の時間毎に変えていき、それにあわせてベルト状光透過量調整部材10を回転させて、点灯される照明ランプの下側に光透過率が低い部分が来るようにすれば、各照明ランプを同等の時間ずつ点灯することになるから、照明ランプの寿命を揃えることができる。
【0048】
ベルト状の光透過量調整部材10にカラーフィルタを設けて、光色に変化をもたせることも可能である。
【0049】
(実施形態7)
本件発明の実施形態7の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図を図9に示す。図9に示す植物育成貯蔵装置は、苗2を育成し、育成された苗2を貯蔵するチャンバー(容器)1と、苗の育成、貯蔵時に点灯される照明ランプ(光源)3c,3dと苗の育成時にのみ点灯される照明ランプ(光源)3a〜3b,3e〜3hとを備えている。チャンバー1によって苗は外部と遮断され、苗に照射される光の量はチャンバー1内部の照明ランプ3a〜3hのオン−オフ(および照明ランプが調光可能な場合は調光制御)によって調節され、チャンバー1内部の温度も外部の温度とは独立して制御が可能である。
【0050】
8本の照明ランプ3a〜3hは2本ずつまとめられて2灯用の安定器4a〜4dに接続されている。各安定器4a〜4dからのびた電源線5a〜5dは各々1つのオン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dに接続されており、各オン−オフスイッチ6a〜6dからのびた信号線7aは制御用コンピュータ(制御部)8に接続されている。
【0051】
この実施形態7の植物育成貯蔵装置では、苗の育成、貯蔵時に点灯される照明ランプ3c,3dの上部(苗とは反対の側)に、照明ランプ3c,3dからの光の照度を均斉化する照度均斉部材として反射板11が設置され、照明ランプ3c,3dの下部(苗側)には、貯蔵時に照明ランプの光が強すぎる場合に、苗に光が直接照射されることを防止するために遮光板12が設置されている。
【0052】
このような構成で貯蔵時に照明ランプ3c,3dを常時点灯させた場合に、積算光量が多すぎるようであれば、制御用コンピュータ8でオン−オフスイッチ6a〜6cを制御して、照明ランプ3c,3dの点灯時間を調整したり、調光制御を併用したりして、一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように設定する。
【0053】
貯蔵時に点灯される照明ランプからの光の照度を均斉化する照度均斉部材として、反射板に代えて、照明ランプを覆う被膜を設けてもよい。このような被膜として、濃淡パターンを印刷した被膜が挙げられる。
【0054】
遮光板12を設ける必要がないときは、これを省略してもよい。このような遮光板は他の実施形態においても必要により設けてもよい。また、必要により、チャンバー内部の上面全体を覆う上部反射板を設けてもよい。この場合、苗の育成時に反射板11を上部反射板内に収納できるようにしてもよい。
【0055】
育成時と貯蔵時とで点灯する照明ランプを完全に分け、貯蔵時に点灯される照明ランプを育成時に点灯せず、貯蔵時専用にしてもよい。貯蔵用照明ランプの向きは、育成用照明ランプに対して平行と垂直の2通りが考えられる。直管タイプの蛍光灯を貯蔵用照明ランプに用いれば、平面均一照射と照射強度の調節が可能である。
【0056】
上述の植物育成貯蔵装置を用いた植物育成貯蔵方法においては、苗の種類および苗の成長の段階によって違いがあるが、苗の育成時に、苗に対して100〜300μmol/m/s程度の光出力(光合成有効光量子束)の光を照射する必要がある。一般に、苗の貯蔵時に一日に苗に照射される光の積算光量は育成時の一日の積算光量の1/10以下である。
【0057】
【発明の効果】
本件の各請求項に係る発明によれば、低温で光量を小さくしなければならない植物貯蔵時において、植物に照射される光の安定性を高めることができ、苗の育成および貯蔵のいずれにも適した照明を苗に与えることができる。このため、1つの装置で植物育成と植物貯蔵とを行うことができ、装置や施設の省スペース化が図られるとともに、従来必要であった植物育成用チャンバーから植物貯蔵用チャンバーへの植物苗のトレイ等の移動の手間がなくなり、さらに、苗の育成から貯蔵までが1つのシステムで一元管理できるため、より計画的な生産や出荷調整が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本件発明の実施形態1の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図である。
【図2】時刻毎の照射光量の説明図である。
【図3】本件発明の実施形態2の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図である。
【図4】本件発明の実施形態3の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図である。
【図5】本件発明の実施形態4の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図である。
【図6】光透過量調整部材の透過率分布パターンの説明図である。
【図7】本件発明の実施形態5の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図である。
【図8】本件発明の実施形態6の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図である。
【図9】本件発明の実施形態7の植物育成貯蔵装置の概略構成図である。
【符号の説明】
1:チャンバー(容器)
2:苗
3a〜3h:照明ランプ(光源)
8:制御用コンピュータ(制御部)
9a〜9d:調光制御ブロック
10:光透過量調整部材
11:反射板
12:遮光板[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plant growing storage device and a plant growing storage method for growing seedlings of plants such as vegetables and flowers using an artificial light source and storing the grown seedlings.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for growing seedlings of plants such as vegetables and flowers using artificial light sources such as fluorescent lights to compensate for the aging and labor shortage of agricultural workers. Seedling production using artificial light sources Systems are being developed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 5-137457, 6-30655, 11-103675, and 11-137107).
[0003]
The required light intensity varies with the growth of the seedlings, but if the seedlings are to be grown with an artificial light source, the seedlings are generally 100 to 300 μmol / m 2 / S of light output (photosynthetic effective photon flux) is required. Here, light is regarded as a group of particles having energy, and the photon flux refers to the number of particles emitted per unit time. Further, the photosynthetic effective photon flux (PPF: Photosynthetic Photon Flux) refers to a photon flux included in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm that is effective for photosynthesis. In this specification, the photosynthetic effective photon flux is determined by an average value in a virtual plane having a height of 10 cm from the tray surface on which the plant is planted.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Recently, studies have been conducted to store seedlings before shipment at low temperatures temporarily under artificial light to help seedling production planning, and irradiating the seedlings with weak light during storage is better than storing them in the dark. (Kubota, Kozai et al .; Acta Horticulturae, No. 393, pp. 89-93 (March 1995)), JP-A-2000-188957, JP-A 2001-28946).
[0005]
When performing low-temperature seedling storage by irradiating weak light, there is a difference depending on conditions such as the type of seedling and the ambient temperature, but it is generally 2 to 15 μmol / m. 2 / S low light output is required. For example, for a broccoli seedling, 2 μmol / m at an ambient temperature of 5 ° C. 2 / S, 5 μmol / m at an ambient temperature of 15 ° C 2 / S light output is required (see Kubota, Kozu et al. Above).
[0006]
Therefore, there is a large difference of about 100 times between the light output required for growing seedlings and the light output required for storage. For this reason, the growth of seedlings that irradiate strong light with an artificial light source and the storage of seedlings that irradiate weak light are performed using separate systems, and it is necessary to transfer the seedlings.
[0007]
When trying to grow and store seedlings in a single system, the dimming range of the light source must be very large, and the high-power light source required for growing must be kept at a low temperature. It must be turned on with low output (for example, dimming of 5% or less) in an environment of (e.g., 5 [deg.] C.), and the output of the illumination lamp may become unstable and flicker, or the illumination lamp may go out. And the problem of lack of stability arises. For this reason, in a plant growing storage device that grows seedlings of vegetables and flowers using artificial light sources and stores the seedlings before shipping, a large output light source for growing seedlings is directly used at a low output to store seedlings. It is difficult to convert to a light source for use.
[0008]
In order to solve this problem, it is conceivable to turn on only a part of the multiple light sources installed for growing during storage, but this method has a low illuminance uniformity and the light emitted to individual seedlings is low. The amount varies depending on the position of the seedling, and the seedling quality varies. Moreover, even if only a part of the light sources is lit as intended, the light may be too bright at the time of storage to cause burning of the seedlings.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a plant growing storage device and a plant growing storage method that can provide a seedling with illumination suitable for both growing and storing the seedling. Aim.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of the plant growing and storing apparatus according to claim 1 includes a light source, a control unit that controls a lighting state of the light source, and a container that stores the light source and the plant inside and that can block light from the outside. A plant cultivation storage device that irradiates a plant with light from the light source to grow the plant, and stores the grown plant.When storing the plant, the control unit controls the time of growing the plant. The light source is repeatedly turned on and off every predetermined time under the condition that the illuminance uniformity of the light from the light source is maintained, whereby the integrated light amount of light per day for the plant is a light compensation point for the plant. The lighting time of the light source is controlled so as to be substantially equal to the integrated light amount of light per day when the light amount is continuously irradiated. Here, the light compensation point refers to CO2 due to photosynthesis of a plant. 2 Absorption and CO by plant respiration 2 And the CO emission in the container 2 Is the light intensity at which the increase / decrease of becomes zero. The light compensation point varies depending on various conditions such as the type of plant, the sucrose concentration of the culture medium, and the temperature and humidity, and must be individually determined in advance.
[0011]
The invention of the plant growing and storing apparatus according to claim 2 includes a light source, a control unit that controls a lighting state of the light source, a light transmission amount adjusting member that improves illuminance uniformity of light from the light source, and the light transmission. A moving mechanism capable of moving the amount adjusting member, placing the light transmission amount adjusting member between the light source and the plant, and removing the light transmission amount adjusting member from between the light source and the plant; and And a container capable of storing the light source and the plant, and shielding external light, irradiating the plant with light from the light source to grow the plant, and storing the grown plant. The apparatus, when storing the plant, the moving mechanism interposed the light transmission amount adjusting member between the light source and the plant, the control unit, the integrated light amount of light to the plant per day, the plant When the light of the light compensation point is continuously irradiated And controlling the lighting time of the light source to be substantially equal to the cumulative amount of light of the definitive day.
[0012]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in each of the above-mentioned plant growing and storing apparatuses, there are a plurality of light sources, and when storing the plant, the control unit selectively lights only a part of the light sources. .
[0013]
The invention of the plant growing and storing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of light sources, a control unit that controls a lighting state of the plurality of light sources, an illuminance equalizing member provided in some of the light sources, and the light source inside And a container capable of storing light and light from the light source, irradiating the plant with light from the light source, growing the plant, and storing the grown plant. During storage of the plant, the control unit selectively turns on the light source provided with the illuminance equalizing member, the integrated light amount of light per day for the plant, the light amount of the light compensation point for the plant. The lighting time of the light source provided with the illuminance equalizing member is controlled so as to be substantially equal to the integrated light amount of light per day when light is continuously irradiated.
[0014]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the plant growing and storing apparatus according to the fourth aspect, the illuminance equalizing member is a reflector provided on a side of the light source opposite to the plant. Further, the invention of the plant growing and storing apparatus according to claim 6 is that the illuminance equalizing member is a coating covering the light source.
[0015]
The invention of the plant growing storage device according to claim 7 is that in each of the plant growing storage devices, the light control of the light source is possible by the control unit, and the light controlling of the light source is used together with the storage of the plant. is there. Further, in the invention of the plant growing and storing apparatus according to claim 8, in each of the plant growing and storing apparatuses, a light shielding plate that blocks direct light is provided on the plant side of the light source.
[0016]
The plant growing and storing method according to claim 9 is a plant growing and storing method using each of the plant growing and storing devices, wherein the integrated amount of light applied to the plant during storage during the day is one day during growing. Is less than one-tenth of the integrated light amount of light applied to the plant.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, examples of embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the plant growing and storing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The plant growing and storing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 grows a plant seedling 2 and stores a chamber (container) 1 for storing the grown seedling 2 and an illumination lamp (light source) for irradiating the seedling with light during growing and storing the seedling. 3a to 3h.
[0019]
The seedling is shielded from the outside by the chamber 1, and the amount of light applied to the seedling is adjusted by turning on and off the lighting lamps 3 a to 3 h inside the chamber 1 (and dimming control when the lighting lamp is dimmable). You. Also, the temperature inside the chamber 1 can be controlled independently of the outside temperature, and the inside of the chamber 1 is set to a low temperature during storage of the seedlings (these points are the same in other embodiments). ). Note that a mechanism for detecting the temperature inside the chamber 1, a heat source for controlling the temperature and a control mechanism thereof are ordinary, and illustration and detailed description thereof are omitted. As long as the light source and the seedling can be housed inside, the chamber 1 may have a large room shape regardless of its size (these points are the same in other embodiments).
[0020]
The eight illumination lamps 3a to 3h are grouped two by two and connected to ballasts 4a to 4d for two lamps. The power lines 5 from the ballasts 4a to 4d are connected to one on-off switch 6, and the signal line 7 extending from the on-off switch 6 is connected to a control computer (control unit) 8. Although the stabilizers 4a to 4d are placed inside the chamber 1 in FIG. 1, they may be placed outside.
[0021]
In the plant growing and storing apparatus of the first embodiment, all of the illumination lamps 3a to 3h are turned on when growing the seedlings. When storing the grown seedlings, the control computer 8 controls the on-off switch 6 to turn on and off the illumination lamp 6 at predetermined time intervals under the condition that the illuminance uniformity of the light source is maintained. And repeat. At this time, if the time for turning on the illumination lamp is concentrated at nighttime, cheap late-night power and the like can be effectively used.
[0022]
Here, the condition that the illuminance uniformity of the light source is maintained is that the dimming control may be performed by the control computer 8 during the storage of the seedlings when the illumination lamps can be dimmed. In order to maintain the illuminance uniformity of the light beam, the dimming control is performed in a range where the dimming does not occur excessively and the output of the illumination lamp becomes unstable and flickers or disappears.
[0023]
In FIG. 2, the hatched portion indicates the time during which the illumination lamp is turned on, and FIG. 2A illustrates the amount of light at the light compensation point (varies depending on the type of seedling, etc.) with respect to the seedling. Are continuously irradiated. In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2B, the lighting lamps 3 a to 3 h are repeatedly turned on and off at predetermined time intervals during storage. Since the integrated amount of light irradiated to the seedlings per day corresponds to the area of the hatched portion in FIG. 2, the area of the hatched portion in FIG. 2A and the area of the hatched portion in FIG. The lighting times of the illumination lamps 3a to 3h during storage are set so that the areas of hatched portions are equal. The amount of light applied to the seedlings can be integrated over time, so that the integrated amount of light per day during storage of the seedlings can be obtained by continuously irradiating the seedlings with light at the light compensation point. At about the same as the integrated light amount of the light in one day.
[0024]
As in the first embodiment, by giving a strong light to the seedlings temporarily while providing a dark period for the seedlings, the activity of the seedlings is increased, and light storage by constant light irradiation at the light compensation point is performed. Higher seedling quality can be maintained.
[0025]
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the plant growing and storing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The plant growing and storing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 grows a seedling 2 and stores a chamber (container) 1 for storing the grown seedling 2, and illumination lamps (light sources) 3a to irradiate the seedling with light when growing and storing the seedling. 3h. The seedling is shielded from the outside by the chamber 1, and the amount of light applied to the seedling is adjusted by turning on and off the lighting lamps 3 a to 3 h inside the chamber 1 (and dimming control when the lighting lamp is dimmable). The temperature inside the chamber 1 can also be controlled independently of the temperature outside.
[0026]
The eight illumination lamps 3a to 3h are grouped two by two and connected to ballasts 4a to 4d for two lamps. The power lines 5a to 5d extending from the ballasts 4a to 4d are connected to one on-off switch 6a to 6d, respectively, and the signal line 7 extending from each of the on-off switches 6a to 6d is connected to a control computer ( Controller 8).
[0027]
In the plant growing and storing apparatus according to the second embodiment, all the lighting lamps 3a to 3h are turned on when growing the seedlings. When storing the grown seedlings, the control computer 8 controls the on-off switches 6a to 6d to turn on the illumination lamps 6a to 6h at predetermined time intervals under the condition that the illuminance uniformity of the light source is maintained. -Repeat off. At this time, the lighting lamps 6a to 6h may be turned on / off collectively, or two lighting lamps may be turned on / off separately.
[0028]
At the time of storing the seedlings, the control amount is adjusted so that the integrated light amount of light per day is substantially equal to the integrated light amount of light per day when the plant is continuously irradiated with the light amount of the light compensation point. The time for turning on the illumination lamp is set by the computer 8.
[0029]
Table 1 is an example of a lighting time schedule when continuously irradiating the light of the light amount at the light compensation point. In this example, when the seedlings are continuously irradiated with light at the light compensation point, the integrated light amount per day is 240 μmol / m 2. 2 / S. One illumination lamp is turned on / off at least once during the day, and the integrated light amount of light per day is one when the seedling is continuously irradiated with light at the light compensation point. Table 2 shows an example of a lighting time schedule that is set to be equal to the integrated light amount of day light.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004000055
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004000055
[0032]
As in Embodiment 2, if the light source in the chamber is divided into several sets so that they can be turned on and off independently, there are a plurality of shelves in the chamber, and a shelf on which a seedling tray is placed and a seedling. If there are shelves where the trays will not be placed, enter the position of the shelves where the seedling trays will not be placed on the control computer before starting the seedling cultivation, and place them on the top of the shelves where the seedling trays will not be placed. It is possible to control the lighting lamp so that it is not turned on at all when growing and storing seedlings.
[0033]
In addition, if the light sources in the chamber are divided into several groups so that they can be turned on and off independently, the ON / OFF time and the number of lights that are turned on during storage can be changed for each unit time, so that the light source can be constantly operated during storage. It is also possible to perform light stimulation storage in which a strong light is applied only for a short time in order to maintain the seedling vitality while the light is being applied in a weak light.
[0034]
(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the plant growing and storing apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The plant growing and storing apparatus shown in FIG. 4 grows the seedlings 2 and stores a chamber (container) 1 for storing the grown seedlings 2, and illumination lamps (light sources) 3a to irradiate the seedlings with light when growing and storing the seedlings. 3h. The seedling is cut off from the outside by the chamber 1, the amount of light irradiated on the seedling is adjusted by turning on and off the lighting lamps 3 a to 3 h inside the chamber 1 and dimming control of the lighting lamp, and the temperature inside the chamber 1 is also changed to the outside The temperature can be controlled independently of the temperature.
[0035]
The eight illumination lamps 3a to 3h are grouped two by two and connected to ballasts 4a to 4d for two lamps. Power supply lines 5a to 5d extending from the ballasts 4a to 4d are respectively connected to one on-off switch 6a to 6d, and a signal line 7a extending from each of the on-off switches 6a to 6d is connected to a control computer ( Controller 8). The ballasts 4a to 4d are respectively connected to dimming control blocks 9a to 9d, and the dimming control blocks 9a to 9d are connected to a control computer 8 via signal lines 7b. As a result, an arbitrary dimming signal (DUTY signal) can be sent to each of the ballasts 4a to 4d, and the illumination lamps 3a to 3h have a dimming function.
[0036]
In the plant growing and storing apparatus of the third embodiment, all of the illumination lamps 3a to 3h are turned on when growing the seedlings. When storing the grown seedlings, the control computer 8 controls the on-off switches 6a to 6d to turn on the illumination lamps 3a to 3h at predetermined time intervals under the condition that the illuminance uniformity of the light source is maintained. -The control is performed such that the integrated light quantity of light per day is repeatedly set to be substantially equal to the integrated light quantity of light per day when the light of the light quantity at the light compensation point is continuously irradiated on the plant. The time for turning on the illumination lamps 3 a to 3 h is set by the computer 8.
[0037]
The dimming control is particularly necessary when the light intensity of one illumination lamp is high and exceeds the saturation point for the seedling, causing problems such as burning of leaves.
[0038]
(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 5 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the plant growing and storing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The plant growing storage device shown in FIG. 5 grows a seedling 2 and stores a chamber (container) 1 for storing the grown seedling 2, illumination lamps (light sources) 3e and 3f that are turned on when growing and storing the seedling. And illumination lamps (light sources) 3a to 3d and 3g to 3h that are turned on only when the child grows up. The seedling is shielded from the outside by the chamber 1, and the amount of light applied to the seedling is adjusted by turning on and off the lighting lamps 3 a to 3 h inside the chamber 1 (and dimming control when the lighting lamp is dimmable). The temperature inside the chamber 1 can also be controlled independently of the temperature outside.
[0039]
The eight illumination lamps 3a to 3h are grouped two by two and connected to ballasts 4a to 4d for two lamps. The power lines 5a to 5d extending from the ballasts 4a to 4d are connected to one on-off switch 6a to 6d, respectively, and the signal line 7 extending from each of the on-off switches 6a to 6d is connected to a control computer ( Controller 8).
[0040]
In the plant growing and storing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment, the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 and a predetermined signal from the control computer 8 are received and the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 is moved so that the illumination lamps 3a to 3h and the seedlings are moved. 2 and a moving mechanism (not shown) capable of removing the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 from between the illumination lamps 3 a to 3 h and the seedling 2. I have. The light transmission amount adjusting member 10 reduces the amount of light transmission to avoid irradiating the seedlings with excessively strong light during storage of the seedlings, and improves the illuminance uniformity of the light from the illumination lamps 3a to 3f. Things.
[0041]
As such a light transmission amount adjusting member 10, a flat sheet made of a material obtained by adding a desired material such as a pigment to acrylic or polyethylene, a prism sheet formed with a resin and provided with prism-shaped grooves on the surface, A glass plate whose transmittance or diffusivity is controlled by printing (including polarization treatment) or vapor deposition is exemplified.
[0042]
In the plant growing storage device, when growing the seedling, the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 is removed from between the illumination lamp and the seedling, and all of the illumination lamps 3a to 3h are continuously turned on. When the seedlings are stored, the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 is installed between the illumination lamps and the seedlings, and only the illumination lamps 3e and 3f are turned on. The on / off switches 6a to 6c are controlled by the control computer 8 so that the lighting times of the illumination lamps 3e and 3f can be adjusted so that the integrated light amount of the day light that irradiates the seedlings through the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 is obtained. It is set so as to be substantially equal to the integrated light amount of light per day when the plant is continuously irradiated with the light amount of the light compensation point. That is, the amount of light during storage is adjusted by both the on / off control of the illumination lamps 3e and 3f and the light transmission amount adjusting member 10.
[0043]
Since the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 is used at the time of storing the seedlings, if only a part of the light source is turned on at the time of storing the seedlings as in the plant growing and storing apparatus of Embodiment 4, it is turned on at the time of storing the seedlings. What is necessary is to have the light transmission amount distribution according to the position of the seedling to be performed. For example, as schematically shown in FIG. 6, the light transmission amount of the lower part of the illumination lamp 3 which is turned on even when the seedlings are stored in the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 is turned on only when the seedlings are grown. The light transmittance distribution pattern 10a of the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 may be determined so as to be smaller than the light transmission amount of the lower portion of another illumination lamp.
[0044]
(Embodiment 5)
FIG. 7 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. The plant growing storage device shown in FIG. 7 is provided with a tube-shaped light transmission amount adjusting member 10 movable by a predetermined signal from a control computer 8 so as to surround an illumination lamp 3e which is turned on when seedlings are stored. It is.
[0045]
The plant growing and storing device of the fifth embodiment has the same configuration as the plant growing and storing device shown in FIG. 5 except that the form of the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 is different, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0046]
(Embodiment 6)
FIG. 8 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. In the plant growing and storing apparatus shown in FIG. 8, the light transmission amount adjusting member 10 movable by a predetermined signal from the control computer 8 is constituted by a belt-shaped member that covers the illumination lamps 3a to 3h.
[0047]
The light transmittance adjusting member 10 has different light transmittances depending on the portions, and there are a portion which is colored and has a low light transmittance and a portion which is colorless and transparent and has a high light transmittance. When growing seedlings, the colorless and transparent part is set to the illumination lamp side so that the light quantity is not insufficient. On the other hand, when the seedlings are stored, the belt-shaped light transmission amount adjusting member 10 is rotated so that a portion having a low light transmittance comes below the illuminated lamp. The lighting lamp to be turned on during storage is changed at predetermined intervals, and the belt-shaped light transmission amount adjusting member 10 is rotated accordingly, so that a portion having a low light transmittance comes below the lighting lamp to be turned on. By doing so, the lighting lamps are turned on for the same amount of time, so that the life of the lighting lamps can be made uniform.
[0048]
It is also possible to provide a color filter on the belt-shaped light transmission amount adjusting member 10 to change the light color.
[0049]
(Embodiment 7)
FIG. 9 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. The plant growing storage device shown in FIG. 9 grows a seedling 2 and stores a chamber (container) 1 for storing the grown seedling 2, illumination lamps (light sources) 3c and 3d that are turned on when growing and storing the seedling. And illumination lamps (light sources) 3a to 3b and 3e to 3h that are turned on only when the child is grown. The seedling is shielded from the outside by the chamber 1, and the amount of light applied to the seedling is adjusted by turning on and off the lighting lamps 3 a to 3 h inside the chamber 1 (and dimming control when the lighting lamp is dimmable). The temperature inside the chamber 1 can also be controlled independently of the temperature outside.
[0050]
The eight illumination lamps 3a to 3h are grouped two by two and connected to ballasts 4a to 4d for two lamps. The power lines 5a to 5d extending from the ballasts 4a to 4d are connected to one on-off switch 6a to 6d, respectively, and the signal line 7a extending from each of the on-off switches 6a to 6d is connected to a control computer (control unit). ) 8.
[0051]
In the plant growing and storing apparatus according to the seventh embodiment, the illuminance of light from the lighting lamps 3c and 3d is equalized above the lighting lamps 3c and 3d (the side opposite to the seedlings) that are turned on when growing and storing seedlings. A reflection plate 11 is installed as an illuminance equalizing member to prevent light from being directly radiated to the seedlings under the illumination lamps 3c and 3d (on the seedling side) when the light of the illumination lamps is too strong during storage. For this purpose, a light shielding plate 12 is provided.
[0052]
When the illumination lamps 3c and 3d are constantly turned on during storage in such a configuration, if the accumulated light amount is too large, the control computer 8 controls the on-off switches 6a to 6c to control the illumination lamp 3c. , 3d by adjusting the lighting time or by using the dimming control together, the integrated light amount of light per day is one when the plant is continuously irradiated with light at the light compensation point. It is set to be approximately equal to the integrated light amount of daylight.
[0053]
As an illuminance equalizing member for equalizing the illuminance of the light from the illumination lamp that is turned on during storage, a coating covering the illumination lamp may be provided instead of the reflector. Examples of such a film include a film on which a light and shade pattern is printed.
[0054]
When it is not necessary to provide the light shielding plate 12, this may be omitted. Such a light shielding plate may be provided as necessary in other embodiments. If necessary, an upper reflector may be provided to cover the entire upper surface inside the chamber. In this case, the reflector 11 may be accommodated in the upper reflector when growing the seedlings.
[0055]
The lighting lamps that are turned on during growth and during storage may be completely separated, and the lighting lamps that are turned on during storage may not be turned on during growth and may be dedicated to storage. There are two possible orientations of the storage lighting lamp, parallel and perpendicular to the growing lighting lamp. If a straight tube type fluorescent lamp is used as the storage illumination lamp, it is possible to adjust the uniform irradiation of the plane and the irradiation intensity.
[0056]
In the above-mentioned plant growing and storing method using the plant growing and storing apparatus, there is a difference depending on the type of the seedling and the stage of the growth of the seedling. 2 / S of light output (photosynthetic effective photon flux) needs to be irradiated. Generally, the accumulated light quantity of the light irradiated on the seedlings a day during storage of the seedlings is 1/10 or less of the accumulated light quantity per day at the time of growing.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
According to the invention according to each claim of the present invention, during storage of a plant in which the amount of light must be reduced at a low temperature, the stability of light applied to the plant can be increased, and the growth and storage of the seedling can be performed. Suitable lighting can be given to the seedlings. For this reason, plant growth and plant storage can be performed by one device, and the space for devices and facilities can be saved, and plant seedlings can be transferred from the plant growth chamber to the plant storage chamber, which was conventionally required. There is no need to move trays and the like, and since the entire process from seedling growth to storage can be centrally managed by one system, more planned production and shipping adjustments are possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an irradiation light amount at each time.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a transmittance distribution pattern of a light transmission amount adjusting member.
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a plant growing and storing apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: chamber (container)
2: Seedling
3a to 3h: illumination lamp (light source)
8: Control computer (control unit)
9a to 9d: dimming control block
10: Light transmission amount adjusting member
11: Reflector
12: Light shield

Claims (9)

光源と、前記光源の点灯状態を制御する制御部と、内部に前記光源と植物とを収納し、外部からの光の遮断が可能な容器とを備え、前記光源からの光を植物に照射して植物を育成し、育成された植物を貯蔵する植物育成貯蔵装置であって、植物の貯蔵時に、前記制御部は、植物の育成時における前記光源からの光の照度均斉度が維持される条件で所定の時間毎に前記光源のオン−オフを繰り返し、これによる植物に対する一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように前記光源の点灯時間を制御することを特徴とする植物育成貯蔵装置。A light source, a control unit that controls the lighting state of the light source, and a container that houses the light source and the plant therein and that can block light from the outside, and irradiates the plant with light from the light source. A plant growing storage device that grows a plant and stores the grown plant, wherein the control unit is configured to maintain the illuminance uniformity of the light from the light source during the growing of the plant when storing the plant. The light source is repeatedly turned on and off at predetermined time intervals, so that the integrated light amount of light per day to the plant is one day when the plant is continuously irradiated with light at the light compensation point. A lighting time of the light source is controlled so as to be substantially equal to an integrated light amount of the light. 光源と、前記光源の点灯状態を制御する制御部と、前記光源からの光の照度均斉度を向上させる光透過量調整部材と、前記光透過量調整部材を移動させて前記光源と植物との間に前記光透過量調整部材を置き、また前記光源と植物との間から前記光透過量調整部材を取り除くことが可能な移動機構と、内部に前記光源と植物とを収納し、外部からの光の遮断が可能な容器とを備え、前記光源からの光を植物に照射して植物を育成し、育成された植物を貯蔵する植物育成貯蔵装置であって、植物の貯蔵時に、前記移動機構で前記光透過量調整部材を光源と植物との間に介在させ、前記制御部は、植物に対する一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように前記光源の点灯時間を制御することを特徴とする植物育成貯蔵装置。A light source, a control unit that controls a lighting state of the light source, a light transmission amount adjustment member that improves the illuminance uniformity of light from the light source, and a light transmission amount adjustment member that moves the light transmission amount adjustment member to connect the light source and the plant. The light transmission amount adjustment member is placed between the light source and the plant, and a moving mechanism capable of removing the light transmission amount adjustment member from between the light source and the plant, and the light source and the plant are housed inside, and the A plant capable of blocking light, irradiating the plant with light from the light source to grow the plant, and a plant growing storage device for storing the grown plant. In the light transmission amount adjusting member is interposed between the light source and the plant, the control unit, the integrated light amount of light per day to the plant, the light of the light compensation point continuously with respect to the plant light. It should be approximately equal to the total amount of light in the day when irradiated Plant growing storage device and controls the lighting time of the light source. 複数の光源を備え、植物の貯蔵時に、制御部は、一部の光源のみを選択的に点灯する請求項1または2記載の植物育成貯蔵装置。The plant cultivation storage device according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of light sources, wherein the control unit selectively lights only a part of the light sources when storing the plant. 複数の光源と、前記複数の光源の点灯状態を制御する制御部と、一部の前記光源に設けられた照度均斉部材と、内部に前記光源と植物とを収納し、外部からの光の遮断が可能な容器とを備え、前記光源からの光を植物に照射して植物を育成し、育成された植物を貯蔵する植物育成貯蔵装置であって、植物の貯蔵時に、前記制御部は、前記照度均斉部材が設けられた光源を選択的に点灯させ、植物に対する一日の光の積算光量が、当該植物に対して光補償点の光量の光を連続して照射した場合における一日の光の積算光量と略等しくなるように前記照度均斉部材が設けられた光源の点灯時間を制御することを特徴とする植物育成貯蔵装置。A plurality of light sources, a control unit that controls the lighting state of the plurality of light sources, an illuminance equalizing member provided in some of the light sources, and the light sources and the plants are housed inside to block light from outside. And a container capable of irradiating the plant with light from the light source to grow the plant, a plant growing storage device for storing the grown plant, when storing the plant, the control unit, the control unit, The light source provided with the illuminance equalizing member is selectively turned on, and the integrated light amount of light per day to the plant is the light of the day when the plant is continuously irradiated with the light amount of the light compensation point. A lighting time of a light source provided with the illuminance equalizing member is controlled so as to be substantially equal to the integrated light amount of the plant. 照度均斉部材が光源の植物とは反対の側に設けられた反射板である請求項4記載の植物育成貯蔵装置。5. The plant growing and storing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the illuminance equalizing member is a reflector provided on a side of the light source opposite to the plant. 照度均斉部材が光源を覆う被膜である請求項4記載の植物育成貯蔵装置。The plant growing and storing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the illuminance equalizing member is a coating covering the light source. 制御部によって光源の調光制御が可能であり、植物の貯蔵時に、前記光源の調光制御を併用する請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の植物育成貯蔵装置。The plant growing and storing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein dimming control of the light source is possible by the control unit, and the dimming control of the light source is used together when storing the plant. 光源の植物側に直射光を遮る遮光板を備えた請求項1ないし7のいずれか一項に記載の植物育成貯蔵装置。The plant growing and storing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a light-shielding plate on a plant side of the light source for blocking direct light. 請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の植物貯蔵装置を用いた植物育成貯蔵方法であって、貯蔵時に一日に植物に照射される光の積算光量が、育成時に一日に植物に照射される光の積算光量の10分の1以下である植物育成貯蔵方法。A method for growing and storing a plant using the plant storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the integrated amount of light irradiated to the plant during storage during the day is equal to the amount of light applied to the plant during growth during the day. A method for growing and storing plants, wherein the accumulated light amount of the irradiated light is 1/10 or less.
JP2002159264A 2002-05-31 2002-05-31 Plant growing/storing apparatus and plant growing/storing method Pending JP2004000055A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006280313A (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-19 Chiba Univ Cultivation method and apparatus for flower seedling
JP2013198484A (en) * 2012-02-23 2013-10-03 Kobe Univ Cultivation method of plant
JP2015501655A (en) * 2011-12-13 2015-01-19 ポッドポニックス・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニーPodponics, Llc Luminaire system, method and apparatus for optimizing plant growth in a controlled agricultural environment
JP2017509347A (en) * 2014-03-28 2017-04-06 プラントゥイ オサケ ユキチュアPlantui Oy Hydroponic indoor gardening method
KR101816565B1 (en) * 2016-11-25 2018-01-09 대한민국 System for controlling the intensity of radiation in smart moving garden and method for controlling the intensity of radiation thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006280313A (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-19 Chiba Univ Cultivation method and apparatus for flower seedling
JP2015501655A (en) * 2011-12-13 2015-01-19 ポッドポニックス・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニーPodponics, Llc Luminaire system, method and apparatus for optimizing plant growth in a controlled agricultural environment
JP2013198484A (en) * 2012-02-23 2013-10-03 Kobe Univ Cultivation method of plant
JP2017509347A (en) * 2014-03-28 2017-04-06 プラントゥイ オサケ ユキチュアPlantui Oy Hydroponic indoor gardening method
KR101816565B1 (en) * 2016-11-25 2018-01-09 대한민국 System for controlling the intensity of radiation in smart moving garden and method for controlling the intensity of radiation thereof

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