JP2004000019A - Denaturation inhibitor and liquid composition - Google Patents

Denaturation inhibitor and liquid composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004000019A
JP2004000019A JP2002151621A JP2002151621A JP2004000019A JP 2004000019 A JP2004000019 A JP 2004000019A JP 2002151621 A JP2002151621 A JP 2002151621A JP 2002151621 A JP2002151621 A JP 2002151621A JP 2004000019 A JP2004000019 A JP 2004000019A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
liquid composition
frozen
antifreeze protein
denaturation
present
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Aiko Ishikawa
石川 愛子
Michinari Honda
本田 通済
Mika Sato
佐藤 美加
Keigo Komura
小村 啓悟
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Ikeda Shokken KK
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Ikeda Shokken KK
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Priority to JP2002151621A priority Critical patent/JP2004000019A/en
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  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
  • Tea And Coffee (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a food product, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, or the like, by inhibiting inactivation of useful substances and generation of deposits, to maintain qualities such as hardness and shape in frozen confectionery without deteriorating texture and flavor inherent to food products, and to drastically improve appearance and other commercial values of a liquid food product by inhibiting discoloration. <P>SOLUTION: A liquid composition comprises a degeneration inhibitor containing an antifreeze protein. By adding the degeneration inhibitor to the liquid composition, degeneration of the useful substances and generation of precipitation in the liquid composition can be inhibited. The inactivation of the useful substances and precipitation phenomena such as turbidity are inhibited to maintain a quality comparable to that achieved immediately after production, not only at ordinary temperature or under refrigeration but also in a frozen condition or under repetitive freezing and thawing. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、不凍蛋白質を含む新規な変性防止剤に関し、該変性防止剤を含む液体組成物に関する。
また、本発明は製造後の保存時においても濁り物質や沈殿物質の発生、変色、脂質などの変性が抑制された食品、化粧品、試薬および医薬品を提供する。
さらに、本発明の不凍蛋白質を含む変性防止剤を使用することで、取り扱いが簡便で、かつ長期間保存安定な液体組成物を提供する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、コーヒー、紅茶、ココア茶飲料をはじめとする液体食品が、缶またはペットボトルなどに充填した商品として提供されている。この包装形態は消費者の支持を得てその生産量は増加の一途をたどっている。このような液体食品としては、例えば、ウーロン茶、紅茶、緑茶またはそれ以外の原料を使用する茶飲料などが知られている。さらに、茶、コーヒー、ココア、ブドウ、リンゴなどの飲料原料にはポリフェノールが含まれている、該ポリフェノールは特有の苦み、渋味を有しており、ヒト体内において過酸化脂質の生成を抑制する抗酸化能を有するなど、動脈硬化をはじめとした各種の生活習慣病を予防し得る物質として注目されている。これらの飲料を商品化するにあたっては、それぞれいくつかの問題がある。例えば、緑茶飲料を製造後、保存中に生じる沈澱物などの防止がある。茶飲料は、茶葉からの茶抽出物を製造後、これを濾過などの手段で清澄化した場合には、製造直後において沈殿物質は認められない。しかし、時間が経過するとともに徐々に沈殿物質が生成しはじめ、条件によっては液中に浮遊するようにもなる。
【0003】
また、コーヒー飲料に関しては、大別すると、コーヒー抽出液に砂糖などの甘味料だけを添加し、焙煎したコーヒー豆の粉砕物から抽出したときのままのコーヒー本来の色調を失わないようにしたブラックコーヒータイプと、コーヒー抽出液に甘味料とミルクとを添加したミルクコーヒータイプとがある。ブラックコーヒータイプは、ミルクを含まないのでミルクによる白濁がなく視覚的に清涼感に富み、とくにアイスコーヒーとして飲用に供される場合に好ましい。一方、ミルクコーヒータイプは、ミルクの添加により口当たりが良くなると共にこくのある味が得られる。しかし、ミルクコーヒータイプは、ミルクから起因する水溶性タンパク質とコーヒー中にあるポリフェノールが、水中で結合して白濁物質や沈澱物質を形成する。これらの沈殿物質は、透明なペットボトルや瓶に充填した製品では品質の劣化と誤認され、商品価値を低下することになるので大きな問題となる。また、醤油やだしなどの液体食品に関しても、製造時や流通保存中に蛋白質や微細な油滴による濁りを呈すことが問題とされてきた。
【0004】
現在においても、その問題が十分には解決されておらず、新しい解決手段の提供が求められている。従来、緑茶飲料に関しては、該沈殿物質の生成を防止する手段として、水易溶性のフラボノイド類あるいはフラボノイドの配糖体を緑茶抽出物に添加する方法(特開平2−100632号)、茶葉に植物組織分離酵素剤を作用させて茶葉の植物組織を分解し微細粉茶を得る方法(特開平5−316952号)、コーヒーに関しては、コーヒー抽出液に強アルカリ性塩を添加することにより保存中の沈殿の発生を防止する方法(特許2920826号)、予めL−アスコルビン酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、フマル酸、乳酸などを添加したポリフェノール含有液に、ゼラチンを添加しても沈澱が生じず、清澄なゲル状食品を得る方法(特開平10−337158号公報)などが知られている。しかしながら、これらの方法は、濁り物質や沈殿物質の形成抑制作用が不十分で、適用範囲が狭く、工程が煩雑であるなどの問題や、飲料本来の風味が低下するなどの問題があり、いずれも十分に満足のいくものではなかった。
【0005】
食品には、蛋白質、脂質、糖質、ビタミン、ミネラルなどの成分が含まれている。これらの栄養成分は、食品の保存中にも変質を少なく保持する必要がある。さらに、食品の品質評価の要素である色調、味質、香気、食感なども優れている必要がある。その中でも、色調の悪変は、食品の鮮度変化や風味の劣化と並行して生じたり、光、熱、酸化及び酵素反応などにより生じる。色調が悪変し易い色素としては、主に動物のヘム色素(ミオグロビン)、カロチノイド類、植物のポリフェノール類(アトシアン、フラボン、カテキン、タンニン)、クロロフィルなどがある。例えば、ホウレンソウ、サヤエンドウなど緑色の野菜に含まれる緑色色素であるクロロフィルの退色は、▲1▼クロロフィル分子中のマグネシウム原子が水素原子に置換され褐色のフェオフィチンが生成する、▲2▼クロロフィラーゼによりフィチル基が除去されクロロフィリドが生成し、更にフェオホルバイドとなる酵素褐変反応、▲3▼リポキシゲナーぜにより酸化され無色の分解物となる酵素反応が単独または複合的に関与している。これら色素の退色および変色の防止方法として、主に酸化防止剤の添加、短時間のブランチングが行なわれているが、食品に酸味など望まない味質が付与されたり、加熱による他の成分変化などが生じ、目的とする食品の種類の限定されたり、効果を発揮するまでの添加量が制限されるなどの欠点を有し、充分に満足できる効果が得られていない。
【0006】
また、食品の必須物質であり、栄養価に大きく関わる脂質は、常温ならびに冷凍温度において酸化や酵素分解による劣化が生じる。その結果、異臭発生、変色、味質の変化や、酸敗現象が起こる。これらの現象は、食品の保存中に脂質の一部が酵素リパーゼの作用で加水分解し、遊離脂肪酸が増加することにより酸化が促進される。さらに、水に比べて油には酸素が非常によく溶けることも原因の一つである。この様に脂質が劣化した結果、異味異臭の発生、栄養価の低下による商品価値が低下し問題となっている。脂質の劣化の防止方法として、ブランチングによる酵素失活、より低温領域下での保存、酸素非透過性フィルム、グレーズ処理、抗酸化剤の添加などを単独あるいは組み合わせて実施しているが、満足すべき防止方法が得られていない。
【0007】
遺伝子組み換え技術を含む近年の生化学分野における技術の進展はめざましいものがあり、社会への貢献の大きさも益々注目されるようになってきた。それらの研究に利用される試薬の数は年々増加している。酵素蛋白質や細胞類のなかには、長期間安定に保存するために冷凍状態で流通しているものもあるが、多くの場合、その機能を保ち安定化するために著量のグリセロールや糖類、あるいはDMSOなどが添加されている場合が多い。これらは概ね有効とされているが、実際に酵素や細胞を使用する際の反応環境や培養環境に悪影響を与えることから使用前の除去が必要であったり、場合によっては高い浸透圧が細胞の機能に損傷を与えたりすること、保存条件を厳密に管理することが煩雑であるなどの問題点があり、より良い安定剤が求められてきた。
【0008】
また簡便な作業性を有する液体試薬の利用は盛んになる一方で、より保存安定な液体試薬も特に望まれている。一例として生化学検査においては、汎用型の全自動分析装置で測定するのが一般的となってきている。この自動分析装置用の診断薬に利用される酵素に要求される重要な要件は基質特異性と安定性である。ここで、試薬調製の容易な液体試薬が一般的となり、酵素の安定性はさらに重要視されるようになってきたが、反応系を阻害せずに不安定な酵素を含む溶液を安定化させることは容易でなく、様々な煩雑な検討を経た工夫が必要で、これを解決する物質が待望されている。
【0009】
従来の冷凍菓子には、冷凍した状態で流通する冷凍流通タイプの冷菓と、冷凍温度でない温度か常温で流通し食べる前に冷凍する常温流通タイプのものとがある。従来の冷凍流通タイプの冷凍菓子では、即時に喫食可能である利便さや、硬さを有するなど品質はよいものが多い。しかし、生産者から消費者への流通温度を、例えば常に約−18℃に管理しなければならず、一度該冷菓が融けると品質が極端に低下するため、流通時における温度管理に注意を要するばかりでなく、該温度管理のエネルギーコストが必要であるなどの問題点がある。それに対して、従来の常温流通タイプの冷凍菓子では、流通時における温度管理がそれほど必要でなく取扱いが容易である。このような従来の常温流通タイプの冷凍菓子は、氷結晶の生成を主にして配合が考察されたものであり、冷却することによって凍結し、すなわち、冷凍することができる。ところが、従来の常温流通タイプの冷凍菓子は、冷凍機能にのみ主眼が置かれ、冷凍した状態からたとえば室温で放置してやや溶けた状態にしなければ食べることが困難であるほど、冷凍した状態では硬すぎた。また、冷凍品に溶質濃度の高い部分と低い部分が生じ、望むべき味が得られにくいという問題もあった。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように液体組成物は、製造後の製品の保管時に変性した蛋白質が沈殿したり、色素や有用成分が変質、分離することにより外観や生理活性を含めた品質上の価値を著しく失うことが大きな問題となっている。これを防止する技術として、ワインやビールなどで見られる、澱である濁りや沈殿の原因となる蛋白質や酵母を除くために、タンニン、ゼラチン、ベントナイト、キトサン、卵白などの清澄剤を加え、原因物質を沈殿させた後、濾過して取り除く工程が知られている。あるいは不安定な酵素や細胞類を安定化するために、各種糖類やグリセロール、BSA、DMSOなどが添加される場合があるが、これら添加する清澄剤、安定化剤の種類と量の決定、あるいは濾過作業には多大な労力が必要という問題がある上、清酒やみりんなどに良く使用されるゼラチンは牛由来であるため残存が嫌われ問題となっている。
【0011】
また、従来の常温流通タイプの冷凍菓子では、冷凍時の液体中の氷結晶を得るための配合であり種々の制約があるばかりか、冷凍条件によっては針状結晶を生成したり、乳成分の分離沈殿がみられるなど、冷凍流通タイプの冷凍菓子と同等の食感を呈しない。また、冷凍流通タイプの冷凍菓子と比べて硬いだけでなく、常温や冷蔵時の保存時に冷菓用の内容物が沈殿したり、冷凍による比重差沈殿を生じるなど品質において劣るという問題点があった。それゆえに、常温で流通することができ、従来の常温流通タイプの冷凍菓子に比べ、よりよい品質の冷凍菓子が求められている。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、解決困難な上記課題を解決すべく、極めて有効でかつ効果的な方法を提供するため鋭意研究を行った結果、不凍蛋白質の有する変性防止効果、沈殿防止効果などに着目し、不凍蛋白質を使用することで有用物資の不活化、沈殿の発生防止などに顕著な効果を有し、かつ効率よく品質を安定にしうる液体組成物を見出した。本発明は、不凍蛋白質を有効成分として含む変性防止剤を使用し、液体組成物中の濁り物質や沈殿物質の発生を防止することで、品質が良好で、かつ新規な液体組成物である食品、化粧品や医薬品が提供可能であることをも見出した。本発明は、酵素などの蛋白質や細胞類の不活化を防止した液体組成物を提供し、それらの保存、利用に非常に有効な手段をも提供する。また、本発明は、冷凍菓子においても食品本来の食感や風味を損なうことなく、硬さや形状といった品質を保持することができ、消費者に大きく資する製品が提供可能であることも見出した。加えて本発明は、不凍蛋白質を使用することで、液体食品に見られる濁り物質の発生や沈殿物質の発生を防止し、変色を抑制することにより、液体食品の外観を含めた商品価値を著しく向上させることを可能とし、人類の食文化の向上に大きく資する手段を提供するものである。
【0013】
本発明の不凍蛋白質は、冷海水中で生息している魚などに種々存在していることが知られており、相対分子量(Mr)が約3,300〜140,000の不凍ポリペプチド(AFP)であり、Mrが約2,500〜34,000の範囲の糖蛋白質(不凍糖蛋白質またはAFGP)をも含有する。Ananthanarayananら(Life Chemistry Reports 7:1−32(1989))、DeVriesら(Ann.Rey.Physiol.45:245−260(1983))、Daviesら(FASEB j.4:2460−2468)、Warrenら(米国特許第5,118,792号)、Griffithら(Plant Phisiology 119: 1361−1369(1999))により不凍蛋白質が述べられている。現在、数種類の異なる不凍蛋白質が様々な冷水魚から確認されている。例えば、AFP(I型)はアラニンに富み(αヘリックスポリペプチド)、カレイやカジカに存在している。AFP(II型)はシスチンに富み、ケムシカジカ、ニシンやキュウリウオ科のワカサギなどにも存在している。AFP(III型)は球状の蛋白質がゲンゲやオオカミウオを含む数種のゾアルコイド科に存在している。1997年には、カジカからIV型のAFPも発見されている。南極魚と南北両極タラに見られる不凍糖蛋白質は、主に、トレオニル残基に結合した二糖を含むトリペプチド反復(Ala−Ala−Thr)からなっている。AFPとAFGPは構造上異なるが、氷表面に結合することにより氷晶成長を阻止する能力が共通している。現在AFPとAFGPは各種単離されており、そのDNA配列が決定されているものもある。本発明の不凍蛋白質は、AFP、AFGPを含有する抽出物であっても、それぞれに単離精製されたもの単独、もしくはそれらの混合物であってもよい。本発明の不凍蛋白質は、少なくとも植物由来、魚由来、昆虫由来、微生物由来を使用し、1種単独もしくはそれらを組合せて使用しても良く、遺伝子組み換え生物により生産された不凍蛋白質であってもよい。不凍蛋白質の製造方法は、生物から抽出、精製する通常の方法に順じて行えばよい。
【0014】
本発明の変性防止剤は、少なくとも以上の通りの不凍蛋白質を含有することで、対象とする物質の品質低下、あるいは変質を起こす度合いを極めて低下し、対象の物質が有する目的の性質を著しく延長する作用を有する。飲料について例示すれば、例えば濁り物質の発生を防止または低下し、食品としての商品価値を向上し商品期限を延長するものである。さらに本発明の変性防止剤の作用として、例えば、澱と称される濁り物質、沈殿物質、フロックなどの発生や、色素の退色を含む変色、脂質などの酸化、香気成分の低減あるいは悪変、有用成分の不活性化、風味・呈味の劣化などの抑制作用あるいは防止作用などを含めた変性防止効果を有する。本発明の変性防止剤は、該不凍蛋白質を溶液または粉末形態として製剤化することができ、あるいは添加対象とする製品の性状や工程などに合せて、顆粒状やペースト状の最も効果が期待できる剤形に加工することができる。また、本発明の変性防止剤は、前記の不凍蛋白質と他の成分との混合形態であってもよい。そのような成分としては、不凍蛋白質の効果を損なわないものであって、かつ液体組成物の加工やその機能などに好ましい効果を有するものを使用することができる。さらに、本発明の不凍蛋白質を含有してなる変性防止剤は、該不凍蛋白質は下記の添加量から濃度を算出し使用すればよい。副成分として活性型のプロテアーゼが存在する場合にはプロテアーゼ活性阻害物質を含有することが好ましい。プロテアーゼ活性を有する物質を含有する液体組成物に使用する場合は、該プロテアーゼの作用しないpHなどの条件で、不凍蛋白質を内在させ使用してもよい。
【0015】
本発明の不凍蛋白質の添加量は、適用する液体組成物の種類、性質、またこの不凍蛋白質を含有する変性防止剤の成分などに応じて適宜の範囲として使用することができる。一般に乾燥固形分に換算して該重量の90%以下、好ましくは0.001〜50%とする事ができる。例えば、飲料であるコーヒーの乾燥固形分100重量%に対し50重量%以下である。好ましくは20重量%以下であり、より望ましくは0.001〜10重量%である。
【0016】
本発明の液体組成物は、不凍蛋白質を含む液体の組成物であり、例えば、蛋白質や細胞を含む組成物、食品、化粧品、医薬品が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。本発明の液体組成物の形態についても限定されず、例えば、常温品、冷凍品またはそれらの中間状態の形態で、保存、流通あるいは使用されるものも含まれる。
本発明の食品は、不凍蛋白質を含む食品であり、例えば食用油、みそ、ソース、みりん、みりん風調味料、発酵調味料、酢、つゆ、たれなどの調味料類、甘味料、スープ、シチュー、コーヒー、紅茶、ココア、茶飲料、野菜飲料、果実飲料、炭酸飲料、アルコール飲料、希釈飲料、果肉飲料、牛乳、乳飲料、乳酸菌飲料、乳清飲料、スポーツドリンク、豆乳、機能型ドリンク、ミネラルウォーター、炭酸水などの飲料類、だし、またはデザートベースなどが挙げられ、液体の食品が好ましいがこれらに限定されない。なお、本食品には、甘味料、酸味料、香料、色素、保存料などの成分を必要に応じて適宜添加することができる。
【0017】
本発明の化粧品は、石鹸、シャンプー、リンス、化粧水、整髪料、染毛剤、浴用剤、日焼け止め剤、制汗剤などを意味し、化粧品用液体組成物とは、水を主な溶媒とする液体状の化粧品並びに水を主な溶媒とする液体状の組成物であって、上記化粧品の原料となるものを指す。また、上記化粧品と同じ使用目的あるいは同じ使用態様で医薬品もしくは医薬部外品に分類されるものも、本発明における化粧品に包含される。本発明では、上記化粧品用液体組成物に保湿剤、界面活性剤、色素、香料、防腐・殺菌剤、酸化防止剤などを必要に応じて適宜添加することができる。
【0018】
本発明の医薬品や酵素、細胞類としては、生理活性を有する各種の薬物、ビリルビン酸オキシダーゼやアルカリホスファターゼ、乳酸脱水素酵素、マレイン酸脱水素酵素、制限酵素などの酵素から成る蛋白質類、大腸菌やプロトプラストなどの細胞類が挙げられ、これらを含む液体組成物には、保湿剤、界面活性剤、色素、香料、防腐・殺菌剤、酸化防止剤などを必要に応じて適宜添加することができる。
【0019】
本発明は、冷凍温度でない温度で、通常は常温で流通可能な液体組成物を、使用前に冷凍し使用する冷凍品であって、変性防止効果を有する不凍蛋白質を含有する冷凍用液体組成物に関する。本発明の冷凍用液体組成物は、化粧品、冷凍菓子などの冷凍食品などが挙げられるが、これに限定されない。本発明の不凍蛋白質を冷凍用液体食品に使用することで、少なくとも液体組成物中の内容成分の比重差による変性防止または/および冷凍による氷結晶成長を抑制するために、液体組成物中の内容成分の沈殿や分離を防止するばかりか、内容成分の分解や不活化などの変性を防止するなど有用な効果を奏する。さらには、冷凍および冷解凍を繰り返し使用しても前記と同様の効果を有する。本発明は、使用前の不凍蛋白質を含む変性防止剤を使用した液体組成物、およびそれを冷凍させた液体組成物の冷凍品、またそれらの中間体にも関する。
【0020】
例えば、本発明の液体組成物である食品または冷凍食品は、冷凍でない温度で、通常は常温で流通することができ、喫食前に冷凍する冷凍菓子であって、本発明の不凍蛋白質を含む変性防止剤を使用した冷凍菓子、および喫食前で冷凍処理する前の冷凍用液体食品に関する。例えば、フルーツシャーベット、フローズンヨーグルト、アイスクリーム類などが挙げられる。
【0021】
従来の冷凍菓子に見られた可溶性糖分をより高濃度に含有する水分の相と低濃度の相とが分別され、さらに該水分の相は時間経過とともに針状結晶を形成する。それに対して、本発明の不凍蛋白質を含む上記の冷凍菓子は、本発明の不凍蛋白質の変性防止効果により氷結晶の成長を阻害することで口解けの良好な食感となる。さらに、常温で流通することができるとともに、従来の常温流通タイプの冷凍菓子と比べて、冷凍すれば即時に食べることができる硬さを有するなど品質が良好で、かつ、常温での保管管理でも、冷凍および冷解凍を繰り返しても、内容物の凝集、沈殿、濁り物質の発生や変色、退色、脂質の劣化を防止するばかりでなく、その食感も変化せず、商品として高価値の冷凍菓子が提供可能である。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および試験例を示してこの出願の発明をさらに詳細かつ具体的に説明するが、この出願の発明は以下の例によって限定されるものではない。
【実施例1】
10mgの不凍蛋白質(Canada A/F Protein Inc.社製;Type I)と0.2gの砂糖製カラメル(池田糖化工業株式会社製;市販品)を100mlの蒸留水に溶かした。50ml蓋付き試験管に30ml充填し、−20℃の業務用冷凍冷蔵庫(三洋電機株式会社製;SRR−ΜV1883C4)中に20時間静置し、冷凍品を得た。ブランクとして不凍蛋白質を含まないカラメル水、対照としては10mgのBSA(和光純薬株式会社製)を混合したカラメル水を作成した。冷凍品を、静置したまま室温で自然解凍後、評価を行った。
【0023】
(解凍後のカラメル水の評価)
評価は、不凍蛋白質を添加した試料とブランクとしては不凍蛋白質を含まない試料、対照としては不凍蛋白質の代わりに10mgのBSAを添加したカラメル水を使用して行った。試験は、解凍後のカラメル水の上層20mlをピペットで静かに抜き取り、上層部および下層部の色を吸光光度計(日本分光株式会社製;V−560)で測定した(波長500nmにおける吸光度)。
【0024】
その結果、コントロールおよびBSA添加試料では下層部に澱の濃色部が見られ、吸光度も高い値を示した上、上層部は吸光度の低下が見られたが、不凍蛋白質を添加した試料では色成分の分離が見られず、冷凍前と変わらない均一かつ良好な状態を保ち、吸光度の差もほとんどなかった。
【0025】
【表1】

Figure 2004000019
【0026】
【実施例2】
10mgの不凍蛋白質(Canada AFProtein Inc.社製;Type I)と0.145gの粉末コーヒー(ネスレ日本株式会社製;ネスカフェゴールドブレンド)を100mlの蒸留水に溶かした。50ml蓋付き試験管に20ml充填し、−20℃の業務用冷凍冷蔵庫(三洋電機株式会社製 SRR−ΜV1883C4)中に20時間静置し、冷凍品を得た。ブランクとして不凍蛋白質を含まない試料、対照としては10mgのBSA(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を混合した試料、または10mgのゼラチン(株式会社ダイエー製 ゼラチンパウダー)を混合した試料を作成した。冷凍品を25℃下で3時間静置解凍後に評価を行った。
【0027】
(解凍後のコーヒーの評価)
評価は、上記の4種の試料について、冷凍前のコーヒー液をコントロール試料として行った。試験は解凍後のコーヒーを吸引濾過(アドバンテック株式会社製直径70mm、5C濾紙を使用)した場合の濾過時間および、濾紙上の澱の観察によって行った。
【0028】
その結果、不凍蛋白質を添加した試料は底部の色がやや濃くなっていたものの浮遊物が無く、冷凍前のコーヒーと変わりがなかった。未添加試料やゼラチン添加試料の冷解凍品には大きな浮遊物が多数存在した。浮遊物は明確に目視できるもので、微生物の繁殖を連想させ、品質の低下と認識されるものであった。振とうや攪拌によっても再び溶解せず冷凍前のコーヒーには復元しなかった。濾紙による濾過試験においては、浮遊物が生じたものは微細な粒子が濾紙を目詰まりさせないため濾過時間が短かった。また、これら浮遊しその後に沈殿した物質は強い苦みを感じさせたので、冷解凍がコーヒーの味を不均一化し、苦みの局在化を引き起こし、総合的な味質を悪化させたことが分かった。以上の結果より、本発明が濁りや沈殿の発生を含む品質の悪化を防止するのに効果的であることが分かる。
【0029】
【実施例3】
16gの茶葉(静岡産 煎茶)を200mlの沸騰水に入れ、80℃で5分間抽出後、ただちに氷冷して30℃以下に冷却した。これを濾布ろ過して緑茶抽出液を得た(92ml)。2mgの不凍蛋白質(Canada A/F Protein Inc.社製;Type I)を20mlの上記緑茶抽出液に添加混合した。50ml容量の蓋付き試験管に充填し、−20℃の業務用冷凍冷蔵庫(三洋電機株式会社製 SRR?ΜV1883C4)中に20時間静置し、冷凍品を得た。ブランクとして不凍蛋白質を含まない緑茶抽出液、対照としては2mgのBSA(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を混合した緑茶抽出液、または2mgのゼラチン(株式会社ダイエー製)を混合した緑茶抽出液を作成した。冷凍品を、静置したまま室温で自然解凍後、評価を行った。
【0030】
(解凍後の緑茶抽出液の評価)
評価は、不凍蛋白質を添加した試料、およびブランクとして不凍タンパク質を含まない試料、対照としてBSA添加試料、ゼラチン添加試料を使用して行った。冷解凍後の緑茶抽出液の上層15mlをピペットで静かに抜き取り、上層部および下層部の波長600nmにおける吸光度をプレートリーダー(日本モレキュラーデバイス株式会社製 SPECTRAmaxPLUS)で測定した。その結果、ブランクおよびBSA添加試料、ゼラチン添加試料では下層部に澱の濃色部が見られ吸光度も高い値を示しており、上層部は逆に希薄溶液となっていた。一方、不凍蛋白質を添加した試料は冷解凍後も澱の生成が少なく冷凍前とほぼ変わらない色調であった。
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 2004000019
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、変性防止効果を有する不凍蛋白質を含む、例えば飲料や液体化粧品、液体医薬品、液体酵素溶液などの液体組成物が提供される。これらの飲料や化粧品、薬品類は、不凍蛋白質により有用成分の不活化や濁り物質、沈澱物質の生成、退色を含む変色などが抑制され、製品の視覚的外観を害することなく、清澄な外観を呈することが可能となる。加えて酵素や細胞においても、それらの変性である不活性化を免れることができる。また本発明の実施例において、冷凍および冷解凍を繰り返し行ったのは、常温での濁り物質、沈殿物質の発生を、加速度的に行うための加速度試験である。また、これらのことから、本発明の不凍蛋白質を使用することで、繰り返し行った冷凍時においても濁り物質の発生や、有用成分の不活性化を防止し、内容成分の比重差による沈殿の防止、および氷結晶の成長抑制などの効果を奏する。さらに、本発明の不凍蛋白質を使用した液体組成物に関しては、液体組成物中の内容成分の分離や濃度の偏りを防止するばかりか、脂質などの酸化を含む変性を防止し、内容成分の分解などの変性を防止するなど有用な効果を奏する。
【0033】
よって、本発明の不凍蛋白質を使用した液体組成物は、常温条件、冷蔵条件だけでなく、冷凍および冷解凍を繰り返すような条件においても、変性である濁り、沈殿現象などを生じず、製造直後と同等の品質の製品が提供可能である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel denaturation inhibitor containing an antifreeze protein, and to a liquid composition containing the denaturation inhibitor.
The present invention also provides foods, cosmetics, reagents, and pharmaceuticals in which generation of turbid substances and precipitated substances, discoloration, and denaturation of lipids and the like are suppressed even during storage after production.
Furthermore, by using the denaturation inhibitor containing the antifreeze protein of the present invention, a liquid composition which is easy to handle and stable for long-term storage is provided.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART In recent years, liquid foods such as coffee, black tea, and cocoa tea beverages have been provided as products filled in cans or PET bottles. This form of packaging has gained consumer support and its production has been steadily increasing. As such liquid foods, for example, tea drinks using oolong tea, black tea, green tea or other raw materials are known. In addition, beverages such as tea, coffee, cocoa, grapes, and apples contain polyphenols, which have a characteristic bitterness and astringency, and inhibit the production of lipid peroxide in the human body. It is attracting attention as a substance having antioxidant ability and capable of preventing various lifestyle-related diseases such as arteriosclerosis. There are several problems in commercializing these beverages, respectively. For example, after producing a green tea beverage, there is prevention of a precipitate or the like generated during storage. In the case of a tea beverage, when a tea extract from tea leaves is produced and then clarified by means such as filtration, no precipitated substance is observed immediately after the production. However, as time passes, a precipitated substance starts to be generated gradually, and depending on the condition, the substance may float in the liquid.
[0003]
For coffee beverages, broadly speaking, only sweeteners such as sugar were added to the coffee extract so that the original color tone of the coffee as extracted from the roasted coffee beans was not lost. There are a black coffee type and a milk coffee type in which a sweetener and milk are added to a coffee extract. The black coffee type does not contain milk and therefore has no milky turbidity and has a visually refreshing feeling, and is particularly preferable when used as iced coffee. On the other hand, the milk coffee type becomes more palatable and has a rich taste by adding milk. However, in the milk coffee type, water-soluble proteins derived from milk and polyphenols in the coffee combine in water to form cloudy substances and precipitate substances. These precipitated substances pose a major problem because they are mistaken for quality deterioration in transparent PET bottles and products filled in bottles, and reduce the commercial value. In addition, liquid foods such as soy sauce and soup have also been problematic in that during production and during storage during storage, they become cloudy due to proteins and fine oil droplets.
[0004]
At present, the problem has not been sufficiently solved, and a new solution has been demanded. Conventionally, green tea beverages have been prepared by adding a water-soluble flavonoid or flavonoid glycoside to a green tea extract as a means for preventing the formation of the precipitated substance (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-100632). A method of decomposing a plant tissue of tea leaves by applying a tissue separating enzyme agent to obtain fine powdered tea (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-316952). With respect to coffee, precipitation during storage is performed by adding a strong alkaline salt to a coffee extract. (Japanese Patent No. 2920826), no precipitation occurs even when gelatin is added to a polyphenol-containing liquid to which L-ascorbic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, etc. are added in advance, A method for obtaining a clear gel food (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-337158) is known. However, these methods are insufficient in the effect of suppressing the formation of turbid substances and precipitate substances, have a narrow application range, have problems such as complicated processes, and have a problem that the original flavor of beverages is reduced. Was also not satisfactory enough.
[0005]
Foods contain components such as proteins, lipids, sugars, vitamins, and minerals. These nutrients need to be kept less degraded during storage of the food. Further, the color tone, taste, aroma, texture, and the like, which are factors for evaluating the quality of food, must be excellent. Above all, the change in color tone occurs in parallel with the change in freshness of food and the deterioration of flavor, and also occurs due to light, heat, oxidation, enzyme reaction and the like. Pigments that easily change color tone include mainly animal heme pigment (myoglobin), carotenoids, plant polyphenols (atocyan, flavone, catechin, tannin), chlorophyll, and the like. For example, the fading of chlorophyll, a green pigment contained in green vegetables such as spinach and snow pea, is caused by (1) the magnesium atom in the chlorophyll molecule being replaced by a hydrogen atom to produce brown pheophytin; The enzyme browning reaction, in which the group is removed to form chlorophyllide and further becomes pheophorbide, and the enzyme reaction in which (3) the lipoxygenase is oxidized to a colorless decomposition product are involved alone or in combination. As a method of preventing fading and discoloration of these pigments, antioxidants are mainly added and blanching is performed for a short time, but undesired tastes such as acidity are imparted to foods, and other components change due to heating. And the like, and there are drawbacks such as the limitation of the type of the intended food and the limitation of the amount added until the effect is exhibited, and a sufficiently satisfactory effect has not been obtained.
[0006]
In addition, lipids, which are essential substances in foods and greatly affect the nutritional value, are deteriorated by oxidation and enzymatic decomposition at room temperature and at freezing temperature. As a result, off-flavor generation, discoloration, change in taste quality, and rancidity occur. In these phenomena, during storage of food, a part of lipids is hydrolyzed by the action of enzyme lipase, and oxidation is promoted by increasing free fatty acids. Another reason is that oxygen is much more soluble in oil than in water. As a result of the deterioration of lipids in this way, the generation of off-flavors and off-flavors and the reduction in nutritional value lower the commercial value, which is problematic. As methods to prevent lipid degradation, enzyme inactivation by blanching, storage under lower temperature range, oxygen impermeable film, glaze treatment, addition of antioxidants, etc. are performed alone or in combination, but they are satisfactory. Prevention measures to be taken have not been obtained.
[0007]
In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in technology in the field of biochemistry including genetic recombination technology, and the magnitude of contribution to society has attracted increasing attention. The number of reagents used in these studies is increasing each year. Some enzyme proteins and cells are distributed in a frozen state for long-term stable storage, but in many cases, a large amount of glycerol, saccharide, or DMSO is required to maintain and stabilize its function. Etc. are often added. These are generally considered to be effective, but they must be removed before use because they adversely affect the reaction environment and culture environment when actually using enzymes and cells. There are problems such as damage to the function and complicated management of strict storage conditions, and a better stabilizer has been demanded.
[0008]
In addition, while the use of liquid reagents having simple workability has become popular, liquid reagents that are more stable in storage have been particularly desired. As an example, in a biochemical test, it has become common to measure with a general-purpose fully automatic analyzer. Important requirements for enzymes used in diagnostics for this automated analyzer are substrate specificity and stability. Here, liquid reagents that are easy to prepare reagents have become common, and the stability of enzymes has become more important, but stabilizes solutions containing unstable enzymes without inhibiting the reaction system. This is not easy, and a device that requires various complicated studies is required.
[0009]
The conventional frozen confectionery includes a frozen confectionary type of frozen confectionary which circulates in a frozen state, and a normal temperature type which circulates at a temperature other than the freezing temperature or normal temperature and freezes before eating. Many conventional frozen-distribution-type frozen confections have good quality, such as the convenience of being able to eat immediately and the hardness. However, the distribution temperature from the producer to the consumer must always be controlled, for example, to about −18 ° C., and once the frozen dessert is melted, the quality is extremely reduced. In addition, there is a problem that energy cost for the temperature management is required. On the other hand, the conventional normal-temperature-distribution-type frozen confection does not require much temperature control during distribution and is easy to handle. Such a conventional normal-temperature-flow-type frozen confectionery has been considered for its composition mainly on the formation of ice crystals, and can be frozen by cooling, that is, can be frozen. However, conventional frozen confections of the ordinary temperature distribution type focus only on the refrigeration function, and it is difficult to eat the frozen confection if left frozen at a room temperature, for example, until it is slightly melted. It was too much. There is also a problem that a frozen product has a portion with a high solute concentration and a portion with a low solute concentration, and it is difficult to obtain a desired taste.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the liquid composition may significantly lose its quality value including appearance and biological activity due to precipitation of denatured protein during storage of the product after manufacture, and deterioration or separation of pigments and useful components. Is a major problem. As a technology to prevent this, clarifying agents such as tannin, gelatin, bentonite, chitosan, and egg white are added to remove proteins and yeasts that cause turbidity and precipitation, which are found in wine and beer. It is known to precipitate and then filter off the substance. Alternatively, in order to stabilize unstable enzymes and cells, various sugars, glycerol, BSA, DMSO, and the like may be added, and the types and amounts of the clarifying agents and stabilizers to be added are determined, or In addition to the problem that a large amount of labor is required for the filtration operation, gelatin, which is often used in sake and mirin, is derived from cattle and is not well-residual.
[0011]
In addition, in conventional frozen confections of the normal temperature distribution type, it is a composition for obtaining ice crystals in the liquid at the time of freezing, and not only has various restrictions, but also needle-like crystals may be generated depending on the freezing conditions, or milk components may be produced. It does not have the same texture as frozen circulating type frozen confections, such as separation and precipitation. In addition, there is a problem that the quality is inferior to frozen confection type frozen confections, such as not only being hard, but also causing the content for frozen confections to precipitate during storage at room temperature or refrigeration and causing a specific gravity difference due to freezing. . Therefore, there is a demand for frozen confectionery that can be distributed at normal temperature and has better quality than conventional frozen confections of the normal temperature distribution type.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to provide an extremely effective and effective method for solving the above-mentioned difficult problems, and as a result, focused on the denaturation prevention effect, the precipitation prevention effect, etc. of antifreeze proteins. However, they have found a liquid composition which has a remarkable effect on inactivating useful substances and preventing the occurrence of precipitation by using an antifreeze protein, and can stabilize the quality efficiently. The present invention is a novel liquid composition of good quality, by using a denaturation inhibitor containing an antifreeze protein as an active ingredient and preventing the generation of turbid substances and precipitated substances in the liquid composition. They also found that food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals could be provided. The present invention provides a liquid composition in which proteins such as enzymes and cells are prevented from being inactivated, and also provides a very effective means for storing and using them. In addition, the present invention has also found that a frozen confection can maintain a quality such as hardness and shape without impairing the original texture and flavor of the food, and can provide a product that greatly contributes to consumers. In addition, the present invention uses an antifreeze protein to prevent the generation of turbid substances and precipitated substances found in liquid foods and suppress discoloration, thereby reducing the commercial value of liquid foods, including their appearance. It is possible to significantly improve and provide a means that greatly contributes to the improvement of human food culture.
[0013]
The antifreeze protein of the present invention is known to be present in various fishes and the like living in cold seawater, and has an antifreeze polypeptide having a relative molecular weight (Mr) of about 3,300 to 140,000. (AFP) and also contains a glycoprotein (antifreeze glycoprotein or AFGP) with a Mr in the range of about 2,500-34,000. Anthannarayanan et al. (Life Chemistry Reports 7: 1-32 (1989)), DeVries et al. (Ann. Rey. Physiol. 45: 245-260 (1983)), Davies et al. (FASEB j. 4: 2460-2468), Warren (U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,792), and antifreeze proteins are described by Griffith et al. (Plant Physiology 119: 1361-1369 (1999)). Currently, several different antifreeze proteins have been identified in a variety of cold-water fish. For example, AFP (type I) is rich in alanine (α-helix polypeptide) and is present in flounder and sculpin. AFP (type II) is rich in cystine, and is also present in deer stags, herring, and smelt of the cucumber family. AFP (type III) has a globular protein present in several zoalcoid families, including astragalus and wolffish. In 1997, type IV AFP was also discovered in sculpins. Antifreeze glycoproteins found in Antarctic fish and in Arctic cod consist mainly of tripeptide repeats (Ala-Ala-Thr) containing a disaccharide linked to a threonyl residue. Although AFP and AFGP are structurally different, they have a common ability to inhibit ice crystal growth by binding to the ice surface. At present, various types of AFP and AFGP have been isolated, and some of them have their DNA sequences determined. The antifreeze protein of the present invention may be an extract containing AFP and AFGP, or may be an isolated and purified product alone or a mixture thereof. The antifreeze protein of the present invention may be derived from at least a plant, fish, insect, or microorganism, and may be used alone or in combination, and may be an antifreeze protein produced by a genetically modified organism. You may. The method of producing an antifreeze protein may be performed in accordance with a usual method of extracting and purifying from an organism.
[0014]
The denaturation inhibitor of the present invention contains at least the antifreeze protein as described above, whereby the quality of the target substance is deteriorated or the degree of deterioration is extremely reduced, and the target property of the target substance is significantly reduced. Has the effect of extending. For example, beverages prevent or reduce the generation of turbid substances, improve the commercial value of foods, and extend the expiration date. Further, as the action of the denaturation inhibitor of the present invention, for example, generation of turbid substances called precipitates, precipitated substances, flocs and the like, discoloration including fading of pigments, oxidation of lipids and the like, reduction or deterioration of odor components, It has an effect of preventing denaturation, including an effect of suppressing or preventing the inactivation of useful components and deterioration of flavor and taste. The anti-denaturing agent of the present invention can be formulated as a solution or a powder form of the antifreeze protein, or the granule or paste is expected to be most effective in accordance with the properties and processes of the product to be added. It can be processed into a possible dosage form. Further, the denaturation inhibitor of the present invention may be in the form of a mixture of the antifreeze protein and other components. As such a component, one that does not impair the effect of the antifreeze protein and that has a favorable effect on the processing of the liquid composition, its function, and the like can be used. Further, the antifreeze protein containing the antifreeze protein of the present invention may be used after calculating the concentration of the antifreeze protein from the following addition amount. When an active protease is present as a minor component, it is preferable to contain a protease activity inhibitor. When used in a liquid composition containing a substance having protease activity, an antifreeze protein may be incorporated and used under conditions such as pH at which the protease does not act.
[0015]
The addition amount of the antifreeze protein of the present invention can be used in an appropriate range depending on the type and properties of the liquid composition to be applied, the components of the denaturation inhibitor containing the antifreeze protein, and the like. In general, it can be reduced to 90% or less, preferably 0.001 to 50% of the weight in terms of dry solid content. For example, the content is 50% by weight or less based on 100% by weight of the dry solid content of coffee as a beverage. It is preferably at most 20% by weight, more preferably 0.001 to 10% by weight.
[0016]
The liquid composition of the present invention is a liquid composition containing an antifreeze protein, and includes, but is not limited to, for example, a composition containing proteins and cells, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The form of the liquid composition of the present invention is not limited, and includes, for example, those stored, distributed, or used in the form of room temperature products, frozen products, or intermediate states thereof.
The food of the present invention is a food containing antifreeze protein, for example, edible oil, miso, sauce, mirin, mirin-like seasoning, fermented seasoning, vinegar, soup, seasonings such as sauce, sweetener, soup, Stew, coffee, tea, cocoa, tea drink, vegetable drink, fruit drink, carbonated drink, alcohol drink, diluted drink, pulp drink, milk, milk drink, lactic acid drink, whey drink, sports drink, soy milk, functional drink, Examples include beverages such as mineral water and carbonated water, soup stocks, and dessert bases, and liquid foods are preferred, but not limited thereto. In addition, components such as a sweetener, an acidulant, a flavor, a pigment, and a preservative can be appropriately added to the food as needed.
[0017]
The cosmetic of the present invention means soap, shampoo, rinse, lotion, hair styling agent, hair dye, bath agent, sunscreen, antiperspirant, etc., and the liquid composition for cosmetics means water as a main solvent. And a liquid composition containing water as a main solvent, which is a raw material of the cosmetic. In addition, the cosmetics of the present invention include those classified as pharmaceuticals or quasi-drugs for the same purpose or in the same manner of use as the above-mentioned cosmetics. In the present invention, a humectant, a surfactant, a dye, a fragrance, a preservative / bactericide, an antioxidant, and the like can be appropriately added to the cosmetic liquid composition as needed.
[0018]
The pharmaceuticals, enzymes, and cells of the present invention include various drugs having physiological activity, bilirubate oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, maleate dehydrogenase, proteins including enzymes such as restriction enzymes, Escherichia coli, Cells such as protoplasts can be mentioned, and a liquid composition containing these can be appropriately added with a humectant, a surfactant, a dye, a fragrance, a preservative / bactericide, an antioxidant, and the like, if necessary.
[0019]
The present invention relates to a frozen product which is a frozen product which is used at a temperature other than the freezing temperature and which can be distributed at ordinary temperature, and which is frozen before use, and which contains an antifreeze protein having an anti-denaturation effect. About things. The liquid composition for freezing of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, frozen foods such as cosmetics and frozen confections. By using the antifreeze protein of the present invention in a liquid food for freezing, at least to prevent denaturation due to a difference in specific gravity of content components in the liquid composition or / and to suppress ice crystal growth by freezing, It has useful effects such as preventing precipitation and separation of content components, and preventing denaturation such as decomposition and inactivation of content components. Further, the same effects as described above can be obtained even when freezing and cold thawing are repeatedly used. The present invention also relates to a liquid composition using a denaturation inhibitor containing an antifreeze protein before use, a frozen product of the liquid composition obtained by freezing it, and intermediates thereof.
[0020]
For example, a food or frozen food that is a liquid composition of the present invention can be distributed at a non-frozen temperature, usually at room temperature, and is a frozen confection to be frozen before eating and contains the antifreeze protein of the present invention. The present invention relates to a frozen confection using a denaturation inhibitor and a liquid food for freezing before freezing before eating. For example, fruit sorbet, frozen yogurt, ice creams and the like can be mentioned.
[0021]
A water phase containing a higher concentration of soluble sugars and a lower concentration phase, which are found in conventional frozen confectionery, are separated, and the water phase forms needle-like crystals with the passage of time. On the other hand, the above-mentioned frozen confection containing the antifreeze protein of the present invention has a good mouth-feeling sensation by inhibiting the growth of ice crystals by the antifreeze protein's denaturation preventing effect. Furthermore, it can be distributed at room temperature, and has good quality, such as having a hardness that can be immediately eaten when frozen, as compared to conventional room temperature-type frozen confections, and can be stored and managed at room temperature. Even after repeated freezing and cold thawing, not only does the agglomeration and sedimentation of the contents, the formation of turbid substances, discoloration, discoloration, and deterioration of lipids occur, but the texture does not change, and high-value frozen products are used. Confectionery is available.
[0022]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the invention of this application will be described in more detail and specifically with reference to examples and test examples, but the invention of this application is not limited to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
10 mg of antifreeze protein (manufactured by Canada A / F Protein Inc .; Type I) and 0.2 g of caramel made of sugar (manufactured by Ikeda Saccharification Co., Ltd .; commercial product) were dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water. A 50-ml test tube with a lid was filled with 30 ml, and allowed to stand in a commercial refrigerator at −20 ° C. (manufactured by Sanyo Electric Co .; SRR- @ V1883C4) for 20 hours to obtain a frozen product. Caramel water containing no antifreeze protein was prepared as a blank, and caramel water mixed with 10 mg of BSA (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was prepared as a control. The frozen product was naturally thawed at room temperature while standing, and then evaluated.
[0023]
(Evaluation of caramel water after thawing)
The evaluation was performed using a sample to which antifreeze protein was added, a sample without antifreeze protein as a blank, and caramel water to which 10 mg of BSA was added instead of antifreeze protein as a control. In the test, 20 ml of the upper layer of the caramelized water after thawing was gently extracted with a pipette, and the colors of the upper layer and the lower layer were measured with an absorptiometer (V-560, manufactured by JASCO Corporation) (absorbance at a wavelength of 500 nm).
[0024]
As a result, in the control and BSA-added samples, the dark color portion of the lees was observed in the lower layer, and the absorbance was also high.In addition, the absorbance was decreased in the upper layer, but in the sample to which antifreeze protein was added, No separation of the color components was observed, the condition was uniform and good as before, and there was almost no difference in absorbance.
[0025]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004000019
[0026]
Embodiment 2
10 mg of antifreeze protein (Canada AFProtein Inc .; Type I) and 0.145 g of ground coffee (Nestlé Japan; Nescafé Gold Blend) were dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water. A 50-ml test tube with a lid was filled with 20 ml, and allowed to stand in a commercial refrigerator at −20 ° C. (SRR-ΔV1883C4 manufactured by Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.) for 20 hours to obtain a frozen product. As a blank, a sample containing no antifreeze protein was prepared. As a control, a sample mixed with 10 mg of BSA (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) or a sample mixed with 10 mg of gelatin (gelatin powder manufactured by Daiei Co., Ltd.) was prepared. The frozen product was evaluated after standing and thawing at 25 ° C. for 3 hours.
[0027]
(Evaluation of coffee after thawing)
The evaluation was performed on the above four types of samples using the coffee liquid before freezing as a control sample. The test was carried out based on the filtration time when the coffee after thawing was subjected to suction filtration (70 mm in diameter, 5C filter paper manufactured by Advantech Co., Ltd.) and observation of the precipitate on the filter paper.
[0028]
As a result, the sample to which the antifreeze protein was added had a slightly darker bottom, but had no suspended matter, and was not different from the coffee before freezing. A large number of large suspended matters were present in the cold-thawed sample of the sample without addition or the sample with addition of gelatin. Suspensions were clearly visible, reminiscent of microbial propagation, and were perceived as degraded. Even after shaking or stirring, it did not melt again and did not restore to the coffee before freezing. In a filtration test using a filter paper, when a suspended matter was generated, the filtration time was short because fine particles did not clog the filter paper. In addition, since these suspended and precipitated substances caused strong bitterness, it was found that cold thawing made the taste of coffee uneven and caused localization of bitterness, thereby deteriorating the overall taste quality. Was. From the above results, it can be seen that the present invention is effective in preventing deterioration in quality including generation of turbidity and precipitation.
[0029]
Embodiment 3
16 g of tea leaves (Shizuoka-produced green tea) were placed in 200 ml of boiling water, extracted at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes, and immediately cooled with ice and cooled to 30 ° C. or less. This was filtered through a filter cloth to obtain a green tea extract (92 ml). 2 mg of antifreeze protein (manufactured by Canada A / F Protein Inc .; Type I) was added to 20 ml of the above green tea extract and mixed. The mixture was filled in a test tube having a capacity of 50 ml with a lid, and allowed to stand in a commercial freezer refrigerator (SRR? @ V1883C4 manufactured by Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.) at -20 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain a frozen product. A green tea extract containing no antifreeze protein as a blank, a green tea extract mixed with 2 mg of BSA (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) or a green tea extract mixed with 2 mg of gelatin (manufactured by Daiei Co., Ltd.) as a control It was created. The frozen product was naturally thawed at room temperature while standing, and then evaluated.
[0030]
(Evaluation of green tea extract after thawing)
The evaluation was performed using a sample to which antifreeze protein was added, a sample without antifreeze protein as a blank, and a sample to which BSA and a gelatin were added as controls. 15 ml of the upper layer of the green tea extract after cooling and thawing was gently withdrawn with a pipette, and the absorbance of the upper layer and the lower layer at a wavelength of 600 nm was measured with a plate reader (SPECTRAmaxPLUS, manufactured by Nippon Molecular Devices Co., Ltd.). As a result, in the blank, the BSA-added sample and the gelatin-added sample, the dark layer of the sediment was observed in the lower layer and the absorbance was high, and the upper layer was a dilute solution. On the other hand, the sample to which the antifreeze protein was added had little formation of lees even after cold thawing, and had a color tone almost the same as before freezing.
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004000019
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is provided a liquid composition such as a beverage, a liquid cosmetic, a liquid medicine, a liquid enzyme solution, etc., containing an antifreeze protein having an anti-denaturation effect. In these beverages, cosmetics, and medicines, antifreeze proteins suppress the inactivation of useful ingredients, the formation of turbid substances and precipitates, and the discoloration including fading, etc., resulting in a clear appearance without impairing the visual appearance of the product. Can be presented. In addition, enzymes and cells can avoid inactivation, which is denaturation thereof. In the embodiments of the present invention, the repeated freezing and thawing is an acceleration test for accelerating the generation of turbid substances and precipitated substances at room temperature. From these facts, the use of the antifreeze protein of the present invention prevents generation of turbid substances and inactivation of useful components even during repeated freezing, and prevents precipitation due to the difference in specific gravity of content components. It has effects such as prevention and suppression of ice crystal growth. Further, with respect to the liquid composition using the antifreeze protein of the present invention, not only the separation of the content components in the liquid composition and the concentration unevenness are prevented, but also the denaturation including oxidation of lipids and the like is prevented, and the content components are prevented. It has useful effects such as preventing denaturation such as decomposition.
[0033]
Therefore, the liquid composition using the antifreeze protein of the present invention can be produced not only under normal temperature conditions and refrigerated conditions but also under conditions such as repeated freezing and cold thawing, without causing turbidity as a denaturation, precipitation phenomenon, etc. Products of the same quality as immediately after can be provided.

Claims (6)

不凍蛋白質を含むことを特徴とする変性防止剤。A denaturation inhibitor comprising an antifreeze protein. 請求項1記載の変性防止剤を含むことを特徴とする液体組成物。A liquid composition comprising the denaturation inhibitor according to claim 1. 液体組成物が、蛋白質あるいは/ならびに細胞を含む組成物、食品、化粧品、または医薬品のうち少なくとも1種である請求項2記載の液体組成物。3. The liquid composition according to claim 2, wherein the liquid composition is at least one of a composition containing proteins and / or cells, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. 請求項2〜3のいずれか1項記載の液体組成物の冷凍品。A frozen product of the liquid composition according to claim 2. 少なくとも不凍蛋白質を使用することを特徴とする変性防止方法。A method for preventing denaturation, comprising using at least an antifreeze protein. 蛋白質、脂質、栄養成分、色素成分、香気成分のうち少なくとも1種の変性を防止することを特徴とする請求項5記載の変性防止方法。6. The method for preventing denaturation according to claim 5, wherein denaturation of at least one of proteins, lipids, nutritional components, pigment components, and aroma components is prevented.
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WO2004082378A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-09-30 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology Method of inhibiting freeze concentrating of substance in wet material, method of inhibiting deactivation of physiologically active substance, and process for producing lyophilizate or frozen matter having component homogeneously diffused therein
EP1647278A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-04-19 Johnson &amp; Johnson Consumer Companies Use of legume products for the treatment and prevention of radiotherapy-induced skin damage
WO2007105734A1 (en) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-20 Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. Crustacean-derived protein having antifreeze activity
US7879823B2 (en) 1999-11-05 2011-02-01 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies Topical anti-cancer compositions and methods of use thereof
JP2011026223A (en) * 2009-07-23 2011-02-10 Noevir Co Ltd Skin external preparation
US7897144B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2011-03-01 Johnson & Johnson Comsumer Companies, Inc. Compositions containing legume products
US7985404B1 (en) 1999-07-27 2011-07-26 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Reducing hair growth, hair follicle and hair shaft size and hair pigmentation
US8039026B1 (en) 1997-07-28 2011-10-18 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc Methods for treating skin pigmentation
US8093293B2 (en) 1998-07-06 2012-01-10 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Methods for treating skin conditions
US8106094B2 (en) 1998-07-06 2012-01-31 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating skin conditions
US8431550B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2013-04-30 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Topical anti-cancer compositions and methods of use thereof
CN108185030A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-22 厦门快乐番薯股份有限公司 A kind of production method of the raw material black tea of milk tea
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US8039026B1 (en) 1997-07-28 2011-10-18 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc Methods for treating skin pigmentation
US8106094B2 (en) 1998-07-06 2012-01-31 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating skin conditions
US8093293B2 (en) 1998-07-06 2012-01-10 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Methods for treating skin conditions
US7985404B1 (en) 1999-07-27 2011-07-26 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Reducing hair growth, hair follicle and hair shaft size and hair pigmentation
US7879823B2 (en) 1999-11-05 2011-02-01 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies Topical anti-cancer compositions and methods of use thereof
US8431550B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2013-04-30 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Topical anti-cancer compositions and methods of use thereof
US7897144B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2011-03-01 Johnson & Johnson Comsumer Companies, Inc. Compositions containing legume products
WO2004082378A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-09-30 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology Method of inhibiting freeze concentrating of substance in wet material, method of inhibiting deactivation of physiologically active substance, and process for producing lyophilizate or frozen matter having component homogeneously diffused therein
EP1647278A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-04-19 Johnson &amp; Johnson Consumer Companies Use of legume products for the treatment and prevention of radiotherapy-induced skin damage
WO2007105731A1 (en) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-20 Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. Protein having ice nucleating activity
WO2007105734A1 (en) * 2006-03-13 2007-09-20 Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. Crustacean-derived protein having antifreeze activity
JP2011026223A (en) * 2009-07-23 2011-02-10 Noevir Co Ltd Skin external preparation
JP2018531276A (en) * 2015-10-26 2018-10-25 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se Oral care products and methods containing antifreeze proteins
JP7019567B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2022-02-15 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア Oral care products and methods containing antifreeze protein
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