JP2003527258A - Coating material for coating substrate surface and method for coating substrate surface - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a film-like coating material for coating the surface of a substrate, having an upper coating layer, an intermediate coloring layer, and a lower support layer. According to the present invention, the lower support layer is a flowable curable adhesive- and correction layer for adhering the film to the surface of the substrate and for covering irregularities on the surface of the substrate, and a flexible layer. A curable upper layer is provided. The invention further relates to a method of coating the surface of a substrate using such a coating.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Field of Industrial Application of the Invention]

The present invention relates to a film-like film having an upper coating layer, an intermediate coloring layer and a lower curable support layer for coating the surface of a substrate, for example, a car body or a car body member or a rail car member, particularly a car body surface. Regarding coating materials. The invention also relates to a method of coating the surface of a substrate with a coating of this kind.

[0002]

[Prior art]

Dressings of this kind are known. They serve for coating product surfaces, especially as a replacement for paints.

The method of wet coating the substrate after the surface of the substrate has been previously flattened with putty is time-consuming,
It is very costly in terms of work and costs. Automotive body parts made of steel or aluminum, for example, or structural parts made of fiber composites must be leveled only after application of the anticorrosion layer. In this case, the correction putty is applied once or several times, in which case intermediate polishing must be carried out after each application. The surface thus leveled must then be prepainted and then the coating paint applied. Many of these finishing steps with various materials require additional waiting times due to aeration, drying and curing processes. Obstacles due to manufacturing due to welded seams, grinding marks or connection marks such as rivets cannot be automatically compensated. This method is sensitive to other influences, among them dust and generated emissions such as solvents. Therefore, each method step must be carried out on a separate device.

European Patent (B1) 0,352,298 discloses a vehicle body skin and a method for manufacturing the same. This vehicle body outer plate is made of a synthetic resin and is covered with a film composed of a support layer, a coloring layer and a clear lacquer layer. The laminate is heated and preformed, then placed in an injection mold and post-injected with a synthetic resin to form a finished car body skin.

US Pat. No. 5,021,278 discloses a thermally molded laminate comprising a support layer, a color layer and a protective clear lacquer layer. The laminate is heated, preformed and reshaped onto the substrate.

European Patent Application Publication (A1) 0,615,840 describes drinks in the form of a laminate having an adhesive layer, a coloring layer, a polyester layer and an upper coating layer from bottom to top. The present invention relates to a coating film for metal containers. This film has an adhesive layer applied on a flat metal sheet, which is later formed into a can.

These known films and the methods of applying them to metallic or fibrous composite substrates are very expensive and are often not suitable for substrates of this kind. This is because most of the adhesive layers are defective and as a result the film has to be deposited on the substrate. These known films are also poorly flexible and must be preformed so that they can be coated on a substrate.

[0008] German Patent Application Publication (A1) 19,701,594 relates to a method for manufacturing a profile edge, in particular a corner edge for the automobile industry. German Patent Application Publication (A1) 3,817,479 discloses a multilayer film for a surface. No attention has been paid to compensating for the irregularities of the substrate to be coated, since it is intended for use as a protective layer for smooth surfaces.

[0009]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide coating materials of the above type which allow a short working time, are not sensitive to external influences, emit as little emissions as possible and omit additional surface finishes. And to provide a method.

[0010]

The solution consists in a dressing having the characteristic features of claim 1 and a method in which such dressing is used. In summary, the present invention provides that the lower support layer is a fluid curable adhesive-and a correction layer and a flexible curable adhesive for adhering the film to the surface of the substrate and for covering irregularities on the surface of the substrate. It is a requirement that the upper layer is provided.

Therefore, at the same time as the application of the colored decorative coating, the irregularities of the substrate surface are simultaneously covered by the fluid lower adhesive layer and the correction layer, the coating obtained after the application of the coating material being due to the cured upper coating layer. It has high durability against external influences and loads.

The lower adhesion between the surface of the substrate and the colored layer-and the reaction time of the correction layer play no significant role. This could be seconds, minutes, hours or days. The reaction time is secondary. A long reaction time does not cause a production delay because the substrate is already present in its final state and the surface and substrate are well protected and therefore no processing steps are required.

Since there is no need to process the liquid substance during the whole process, undesired release does not occur.
The method according to the invention can be carried out in parallel with further processing steps on the same substrate, that is to say with different assembly steps of, for example, motor vehicles or rail vehicles. This is because the method of the invention is not sensitive to emissions, especially dust. The method of the present invention requires only a coating step. No preforming of the dressing is required. With the exception of the net coating time, there is also no waiting time due to, for example, drying or reaction of the coating.

Advantageous embodiments are apparent from the dependent claims. The correction of surface irregularities of the substrate by means of the lower adhesive layer and the correction layer is achieved particularly easily if the layer has a thickness of at least 0.150 mm, preferably at least 1 mm. This is because there is sufficient flowable material to fill all depressions in the surface and form a flat layer on the surface. For this purpose, the lower adhesive and correction layers preferably have a viscous consistency, in particular thixotropic properties. Such a layer is sufficiently viscous so that it does not drip from the coating material, but has sufficient fluidity so that irregularities on the surface of the substrate can be corrected. The thixotropic layer is therefore generally well suited as it is a solid to viscous material, liquefying under load even when the coating material is deposited on the substrate and therefore correcting unevenness particularly well. You can

The lower adhesive and correction layer can be applied in dots or in lines over the entire surface. It is not necessary that the lower layer completely apply to the intermediate colored layer. Dotted bonding and band bonding are sufficient and save material.

The lower adhesive and correction layers are preferably multicomponent based on heat-crosslinkable, moisture-crosslinkable or photocrosslinkable polymers or based on epoxy-, polyurethane- or acid-curable binders. Manufactured on the basis of material. Polymers based on polyurethane or mixtures of polyurethanes are particularly suitable. The lower adhesive and correction layer can also be produced, for example, on the basis of a partially crosslinked adhesive, which certainly crosslinks itself (or by ESH- or UV-curing), It is an adhesive that always has a tacky and viscous consistency in order to ensure the necessary bonding of the coating on top and the correction of irregularities on the surface of the substrate. Internal cross-linking is also advantageous in order to achieve a better cohesive strength of the adhesive, so that a thick layer thickness of the adhesive can be produced, for example without dripping from the coating. The lower adhesive and correction layer may consist of a foamed sheet adhesive, a foamed dot adhesive or a foamed strip adhesive. In this case, the foam fulfills the correction function.

The upper coating layer preferably consists of a thermoplastic synthetic resin matrix which is completely cured by heat or by irradiation with UV or electron rays or visible light. Curing of the overcoat layer to a preferably transparent protective layer takes place only after the film has been applied to the finished part. The overcoat layer is preferably crosslinkable, especially thermally crosslinkable or photocrosslinkable, with sufficient hardness after curing, in order to ensure sufficient protection of the resulting coating against external influences. A clear lacquer layer may be used.

Below the adhesion- and security layer and / or above the upper coating layer of the dressing according to the invention,
A peelable protective layer may be applied to prevent damage to the outer layer of the dressing during storage and transportation and, in the case of the upper layer, to damage when applied to the substrate. In this case, the lower protective layer is a paper film and / or the upper protective layer is a polyester film or a polyolefin film, especially a polypropylene film.

In the case of the method according to the invention using the coating material according to the invention, it can be applied to the substrate surface by means of rolls and / or doctor blades. Preferably, crosslinkable,
Coatings having a flexible overcoat layer, in particular composed of a heat-crosslinkable or photocrosslinkable polymer, are used and the overcoat layer is thermally or photocrosslinked after the coating material has been applied to the substrate.

If a coating material having a moisture-curable lower adhesive and correction layer is used, the surface of the substrate is covered with a liquid, preferably water, before the coating material is applied, eg sprayed with water. To do. If, on the other hand, a coating material having a lower adhesive- and correction layer that is thermally cured is used, the resulting composite of substrate and coating material is used to cure the adhesive- and correction layer. You may heat. In this case, a coating material having a flexible upper coating layer of a thermosetting polymer is used and after applying the coating material of the thermosetting lower adhesive layer and the correction layer and the upper coating layer to the substrate. It is advantageous to simultaneously crosslink (by heat or radiation) the heating of the resulting composite (depending on the nature of the upper coating).

In order to protect the upper coating layer against damage, a coating material having an upper protective layer which is removed only after applying the coating material on the substrate is particularly advantageous.

The coating of the present invention can be applied to a surface having, for example, an unevenness of 0.5 mm or more and / or an anticorrosion layer depending on the thickness of the lower adhesive layer and the correction layer.

The coating material according to the invention is suitable for coating metallic substrates or fiber composite substrates, for example of the body of an automobile or of body parts or components of railway vehicles, in particular car bodies.

[0024]   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing,   FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dressing of the present invention;   FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a coating material and a substrate before coating;   FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a completed composite of a coating and a coated substrate.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a cutaway view of an embodiment of the dressing 1 of the present invention. The dressing 1 is composed of at least three functional layers, namely an upper cover layer 2, an intermediate coloring layer 3 and a lower adhesive and correction layer 4. The overcoat layer 2 is flexible and can be hardened into a hard protective layer, preferably a clear clear lacquer layer. The intermediate colored layer 3 is preferably formed of a colored thermoplastic resin, particularly preferably a colored polyurethane, without the need for additional stiffening. The thickness of this layer is about 20-100
μm. The choice is made with regard to compatibility and adhesion with the adhesive and correction layer or the overcoat layer 3, mechanical and thermal properties, and compatibility with dyes and pigments which color the synthetic resin. The lower adhesive- and compensating layer is a suitable adhesive, for example pressure-sensitive adhesives, hot-melt adhesives, one-component or photoactivatable adhesives or foamed sheet adhesives, point adhesives or ribbons. Made of adhesive. The function of the adhesive and of the compensation layer 4 largely assumes the mechanical properties of the filler in the case of conventional automobile coatings. The choice of material is made according to its compatibility and adhesion with the colored layer or substrate material and its mechanical and thermal properties and can be based on commercially available materials. Especially suitable are moisture-crosslinkable or heat-crosslinkable or multicomponent polyurethane or epoxy systems. The layer thickness is at least 150 μm. Particularly preferably 500
A layer thickness of μm or more, and particularly 1 mm or more is preferable.

It may also have a protective film 5 with a layer thickness of about 100 μm, preferably a polyester film. This protective film protects the upper coating layer 2 against mechanical damage during storage, transport and application of the coating 1 to the substrate. A hard plastic material that functions as a surface-correcting layer when a coating means such as a roll or a doctor blade is used and does not leave a trace of a roll or a scratch on the film is preferable. The protective film 5 can be peeled off from the upper coating layer 2 after applying the coating material 1 to the substrate.

A temporary protective layer 6 on top of the lower adhesive and correction layer 4 may then be provided to protect the adhesive material. This protective layer 6 is peeled off before applying the coating 1 to the substrate.

In particular, the following materials are suitable for layers 2, 3 and 4: As the thermoplastic component of the colored layer 3 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polybutylmethacrylate (PBMA), polyurethane (PUR), Polyethylene terephthalate (PETP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBTP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PES), polyolefin (PE, PP), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), acrylic Nitrile butadiene styrene polymer (AB
S), acryl styrene acrylonitrile copolymers (ASA) and acrylonitrile ethylene propylene diene styrene copolymers (A-EPDM) can be used, the halogen-free polymers being particularly preferred in this case. Suitable pigments and dyes are inorganic or organic dyes, inorganic, organic or metallic pigments, Mica-Effektpigment, iridescent pigments, pearl pigments and liquid crystal polymers.

As material for the upper coating layer 2 in the form of a transparent, radiation-curable clear lacquer layer, it is possible in particular to use polymerizable binders or mixtures of thermoplastic synthetic resins with polymerizable binders, in which case the binders Can be polymerized by radical or cationic polymerization or both. A suitable curing catalyst (photoinitiator) is added to this mixture depending on the reaction mechanism.

The radically polymerizable binder is generally a single ethylenically unsaturated or multiply ethylenically unsaturated compound. Polyunsaturated binders are particularly advantageous because they crosslink the reaction system to insoluble products. Radical-polymerizable aliphatic urethane acrylates, polyether acrylates, polyester acrylates, epoxide acrylates or acrylated isocyanurates or mixtures of two or more of these compounds are used.

Examples of monounsaturated compounds are monohydric alcohol acrylates, methacrylates,
There are acrylic acid derivatives (methyl-, ethyl-, butyl-, isooctyl-, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethyl- or methyl acrylate and vinyl- and allyl compounds, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate and allyl acetate.

Examples of polyunsaturated compounds are acrylates and methacrylates of polyols such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, butanediol-1,4-diacrylate, butanediol-1,3. -Dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane-di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolethane-di (meth) acrylate, glycerin-di- and -triacrylate, pentaerythritol-di-/-tri- / -Tetraacrylate or -methacrylate, dipentaerythritol-/-tetra-/-penta-/-
Hexaacrylate or -methacrylate, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane, diacrylate and dimethacrylate of polyethylene glycol or oligoester or oligourethane, silicon modified acrylate and methacrylate,
There are di-/-tri-/-tetraacrylates and -methacrylates of tris- (2-hydroxyethyl) -isocyanurate and copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol with (meth) acrylates and butadiene or isoprene.

As the photoinitiator, for example, benzoin, benzyl, benzophenone, benzoin alkylene ether, ester of phenylglyoxylic acid, α-trichloroacetophenone, α-diethoxyacetophenone, α-hydroxyacetophenone,
Benzyl dimethyl ketal, methyl benzoyl formate, 1-benzoyl cyclohexanone, α-aminoacetophenone, D, L-camphaquinone, 2,2-
Diethoxyacetophenone, N-methyldiethanolamine, 4-benzoyl-
4'-methyldiphenylsulfide, isopropylthioxanthone, ethyl-
4-dimethylaminobenzoate, N-methyldiethanolamine, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phosphinoxide, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl]- 2-morpholinopropanone-1,2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-
Trimethylphenylphosphinoxide, 1- [4- (hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] -2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one, [2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- [4- (1 -Methylvinyl) phenyl] -propanone,
2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinic acid ethyl ester, diphenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinoxide are suitable.

The photoinitiator can be added to the binder as a single component or as a mixture.

Pressure-sensitive adhesives are suitable as adhesives, in which case they can also be used in systems which are post-cured by heat. The polymer forming the intermediate colored layer 3 has a certain tackiness (so-called "viscosity") as a non-curable, highly viscous liquid, and is bonded by being pressed against the surface of the substrate. The heat post-curable systems later cross-link together. The processing temperature is generally 10-40 ° C.

In addition, reactive hot melt adhesives which solidify by cooling and partial crystallization of the backbone polymer can also be used. The system can be adjusted to crosslink with moisture or heat by the addition of additional reactive components. Among the one-component systems which cure with moisture, polyurethane systems are advantageous. The curing reaction begins only when sufficient moisture has penetrated.
Moisture can be prepared by wetting the surface of the substrate before applying the dressing 1.
There should be 40% relative humidity during processing.

Moisture, preferably water, may be used in microcapsules to achieve sufficient full cure at high layer thicknesses. By applying the dressing to the surface the capsules disintegrate and the moisture is released. The encapsulant material remains as a filler in the adhesive and correction layer 4. Microencapsulated adhesives include, for example, epoxy resins, acrylates, polyesters and polyurethanes.

In the case of a thermosetting one-component system, activation of the curing agent is carried out by temperature. The hardener is either blocked beforehand or is placed in the resin as a solid.

Furthermore, one-component systems in which the reactive component is microencapsulated and present in the resin are conceivable. During the application of the dressing 1, the capsules are broken and the reactive components are released and the curing reaction is initiated.

Another possibility is also to use two-component or three-component systems based on polyurethane or epoxy systems. In this case the second and / or third component (hardener component and activator component) may be encapsulated or may be present in the applied layer by a removable protecting group, and It can be activated by the influence of heat, at room temperature or by light (UV or visible light) or by moisture. In this case, the reactive component is released from the capsule or the protecting group is eliminated. Both the capsule and the removable protecting group may remain in the layer. Another possibility is to provide the hardener component or activator component in the unreacted molecular state in the uncrosslinked system. This system is converted into a reactive state by internal- or intramolecular rearrangement after exposure to temperature or moisture or UV or visible light and yet cures the adhesion- and correction layer 4.

The activator component or the hardener component is precoated as a contact reaction partner to the surfaces to be joined and is diffused into the compensation and / or the adhesive layer of the film composite and cures the composite at or at the interface. You may let me. In this case, all components are sprayed onto the adhesive and correction layer before applying the film and then applied immediately or the individual components (activator or hardener) are provided on the substrate surface to be joined. It is also possible. In this case, it is also possible to apply the hardener or activator by means of a thin film, which film is present as a hardener film or activator film or is applied wet.

Photocrosslinkable adhesives are particularly advantageous. This is because it has a moderate to high degree of adhesive strength and elasticity and it pre-curs quickly. The final intensity (dark reaction) can only be reached after hours or days. The photoinitiator decomposes into a compound that causes polymerization by the action of light, preferably light. After the completion of these light irradiations and at the places exposed to the light, further progress (dark reaction).

The adhesive and correction layer 4 may be present as a foamed area adhesive, a band adhesive or a point adhesive. In this case, the adhesive surface and the adhesive ribbon core form a unit of the same adhesive polymer. This polymer exists as a pure viscoelastic adhesive of expanded or closed cell structure as well as as an adhesive zonal core. Due to its viscoelastic properties, this polymer can flow into rough surfaces, thus effectively improving the surface and thus scratch resistance.

In addition to all the layers of the dressing 1 as well as the individual layers, further additives usually used in films may be added. Examples include stabilizers (antioxidants, light stabilizers (UV absorbers, HALS), metal deactivators, thiosynergistens), processing aids, flow aids, thixotropic agents and defoamers. . Furthermore, additives such as fillers, fibers, lubricants, antistatic agents, plasticizers and flameproofing agents can be added.

The material for the curable overcoat layer 2 consisting of a thermoplastic synthetic resin and a binder can be obtained by extrusion in a known manner. The thermoplastic synthetic resin is melted in the extruder. Binders, hardeners and optional additives are mixed and incorporated into the molten thermoplastic synthetic resin in the extruder. The reaction mixture obtained is in the form of granules, powder or film.

The ratio of binder, hardener and additives on the one hand and thermoplastic synthetic resin on the other hand is from 1: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 3.

The upper coating layer 2 is coextruded with the intermediate coloring layer 3 and the lower adhesive and correction layer 4 in a processing step into a multilayer film. Thermoplastic synthetic resin, binder,
A reactive, radiation-curable mixture consisting of a curing agent and optionally additives is 15
It is processed as a transparent film with a layer thickness of .about.100 .mu.m and cured, for example with UV light. Initiation of polymerization in the transparent layer is preferably UV, such as mercury arc low pressure lamps,
-Medium pressure lamp or high pressure lamp, xenon lamp, argon lamp, metal halide lamp, flash discharge lamp, laser beam or electron beam (ESH). UV / V
The wavelength for curing with IS-light is preferably 200 to 600 nm.

The lower side of the obtained film may be separately covered with an adhesive, and in this case, the adhesive may be applied in a dot shape or a linear shape. Foamed surface adhesives, band adhesives or point adhesives are likewise applied separately.

The method of the invention is illustrated in more detail by the following examples. In the examples, unless otherwise indicated, parts are parts by weight and percentages are percentages by weight.

[0050]

【Example】

Example 1: A photoactive mixture results from mixing the following ingredients together:% Material ───────────────────────────── ────── Ebecryl 40 23 Alkoxylated PETIA (UCB) Ebecryl IRR 264 41-45.2 Triacrylate of tris- (2-hydroxyethyl) -isocyanurate (UCB) Ebecryl 1290 11 Aliphatic UR-Ac (UCB) Ebecryl 5129 11 Aliphatic UR-Ac (UCB) Ebecryl 350 5 Silicone diacrylate (UCB) Tinuvin 292 1 HALS-additive (Ciba SC) Tinuvin 400 1 UV absorber (Ciba SC) Irgacure 1846 Photoinitiator (Ciba SC) Lucirin TPO 1 Photoinitiator (BASF) This mixture was prepared by conventional methods using polymethylmethacrylate Lucryl G55 or Luc
Incorporation in the melt of ryl G87e (BASF): Material part ──────────────── Lucryl G55 3 Mixture of Example 1 1 Curing conditions under UV: 2. 2-3 m / min; 120 W / cm PMMA Lucry as the thermoplastic synthetic resin for the colored layer in this example.
l Select G55. This is because it is the same as the thermoplastic component of the transparent cover layer and therefore has the best adhesion and compatibility. Furthermore, pigments and dyes can easily be incorporated into the melt at about 220 ° C.

Furthermore, in this example, a metallic pigment (Alck-Flake PCR 501 from Fckart, a powdery dust-free pigment coated with SiO ₂ and having a particle size distribution of 10-60 μm) is used or a red metal Luster pigments (mica flakes Iriodin ^(R) 504, Merck, 1
Powdered α-Fe ₂ O ₃ -coated mica) having a particle size distribution of 0 to 60 μm) is used.

Example 2: Material% ──────────────────────────────────── Ebecryl 2000 43 Aliphatic UR-Ac (UCB) Ebecryl IRR 264 25.5 Aliphatic triacrylate (UCB) in HDDA Lucirin TPO-L 0.5 Photoinitiator (BASF) CGI 184 3 Photoinitiator (Ciba SC) Tinuvin 292 2 HALS-additive (Ciba) SC) Tinuvin 400 2 UV absorber (Ciba SC) SR 9003 7 Propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate (Cray-Valley) Ebecryl 350 2 Silicone diacrylate (UCB) CN 965 10 Aliphatic UR-Ac (Cray-Valley) ) SR 344 5 Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (Cray-Valley) This mixture is added to the thermoplastic polyurethane KU-1-8602 or KU-2-8602 (
Bayer, Inc.) melt: Material part ──────────────── KU-2-8602 3 Mixture of Example 2 1 Curing conditions under UV: 2. 2-3 m / min; 120 W / cm FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the function of the adhesive-and correction layer 4 when the coating 1 is applied to the substrate 10. The coating 1 may be applied to a prepared rough surface with irregularities of 0.5 mm or more, as well as to a temporary anticorrosion surface 11 coated with a binary EP metal undercoat, for example from Lackwitzer Lackfabrik. Cut dressing 1 and bond underside-
After the protective film 6 of the correction layer 4 is peeled off, the coating material 1 is firmly pressed against the surface 11 of the metal base 10 by a roll and / or a doctor blade having a large area in some cases. In this case, the fluid adhesive substance of the adhesive and correction layer 4 is distributed on the irregularities 12 of the surface 11 of the substrate 10. In this case, a hard protective film 5
Promotes a planar, uniform and even distribution of the adhesive material. If the desired uniformity is achieved, the protective film 5 can be removed from the overcoat layer 2. The overcoat layer 2 is then cured by radiation or heating to achieve a wear-resistant final state. The reaction time of the adhesive substance can be completely hours or days. But this is not important. This is because the surface 11 is already in its final state, whereby it is well protected against external influences and the substrate 10 can be processed further without waiting.

In the case of a moisture-curing adhesive and correction layer 4, the surface 11 of the substrate 10 is preferably covered or sprayed with a thin water film before application of the dressing 1.

As the adhesive and compensating layer 4, when using a heat-crosslinkable system whose reaction temperature is particularly preferably about 50 to 70 ° C., for example, a polyurethane system, the required thermal expansion coefficient of the coating material 1 is set. Achieved by heating the whole layer composite after application and by heating in the case of a thermosetting overcoat layer 2 or by radiation in the case of a photocrosslinkable overcoat layer 2. It The experiment is, for example, 2.2-
It is shown that the step at 3 m / min; 120 W / cm achieves sufficient heating at a depth of about 2 mm.

[Brief description of drawings]

[Figure 1]   FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dressing of the present invention;

[Fig. 2]   FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a coating material and a substrate before coating;

[Figure 3]   FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a completed composite of a coating and a coated substrate.

[Procedure for Amendment] Submission for translation of Article 34 Amendment of Patent Cooperation Treaty

[Submission date] January 23, 2002 (2002.23)

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be amended] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Contents of correction]

[Claims]

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Sher Wolfgang             Germany, Henningsdorf,             Alsdorfer, 1 (72) Inventor Jordik Karl             Germany, Ulm, Hans Ah             Kirk Vek, 14 F term (reference) 4F100 AK03D AK07D AK41D AK51C                       AK53C AL05C AR00B AR00C                       AR00D AR00E AS00A BA03                       BA04 BA05 BA07 BA10A                       BA10C CB00C CC00A DC11C                       DE04C DG10E DJ01C GB33                       HB00B JA20C JB12C JB13A                       JB14A JB20C JB20D JK17A                       JK17C JL10B JL11C JL13C                       JL14D JL14E JN01A                 4F205 AA03 AA11 AA24 AA39 AA42                       AB12 AG01 AG03 AH26 AP16                       GA15 GB01 GB13 GB26 GB28

Claims (24)

[Claims] 1. An upper coating layer, an intermediate coloring layer, and a lower curable adhesive layer,
In a film-like coating material for coating the surface of a substrate, a lower curable adhesive layer is a flowable adhesive for adhering the film to the surface of the substrate and for covering irregularities on the surface of the substrate-and correction A dressing as defined above, characterized in that it is a layer and is provided with a flexible curable topcoat layer. 2. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the lower adhesive and correction layer has a layer thickness of at least 0.150 mm, preferably at least 1 mm. 3. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the lower adhesive and correction layer has a viscous consistency. 4. A dressing according to claim 3, wherein the lower adhesive and correction layer has a thixotropic image. 5. The coating material according to claim 1, wherein the lower adhesive layer and the correction layer are applied on the entire surface in a dot shape or a linear shape. 6. A multi-component material in which the lower adhesive and compensation layer is based on a heat-crosslinkable, moisture-crosslinkable or photocrosslinkable polymer or based on an epoxy-, polyurethane- or acid-curable binder. The coating material according to claim 1, which is manufactured as a base. 7. The dressing according to claim 6, wherein the lower adhesive and correction layer comprises microcapsules containing moisture, preferably water. 8. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the lower adhesive and correction layer is made on the basis of polyurethane or a mixture of polyurethanes. 9. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the lower adhesive and correction layer is produced on the basis of a partially crosslinked adhesive. 10. The coating according to claim 1, wherein the lower adhesive and correction layer comprises a foamed sheet adhesive, a foamed dot adhesive or a foamed ribbon adhesive. Agent. 11. A coating material according to claim 1, wherein the upper coating layer is a crosslinkable, in particular a heatcrosslinkable or photocrosslinkable clear lacquer layer. 12. The dressing according to claim 1, further comprising a peelable protective layer below and / or above the adhesive and correction layer. 13. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the lower protective layer is a paper film and / or the upper protective layer is a polyester film or a polyolefin film, in particular a polypropylene film. 14. A method for coating the surface of a substrate with a film having an upper coating layer, an intermediate coloring layer and a lower support layer, according to any one of claims 1 to 13. The method as described above, characterized in that the coating material of 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the coating material is applied to the substrate surface by rolls and / or doctor blades. 16. Use of a coating having a flexible overcoat of a crosslinkable, in particular heat-crosslinkable or photocrosslinkable polymer, and heating the overcoat after application of the coating on a substrate. The method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein crosslinking or photocrosslinking is performed. 17. If a coating material having a moisture-curing lower adhesive and correction layer is used, the surface of the substrate is covered with a liquid, preferably water, before the coating material is applied. The method described in any one of. 18. A method according to claim 17, wherein moisture, preferably water, is introduced in the form of microcapsules contained in the adhesive and correction layer. 19. A composite obtained from a substrate and a coating material is heated when a coating material having a thermosetting lower adhesive and correction layer is used. Method. 20. A coating material having a flexible upper coating layer of a thermosetting polymer and a thermosetting lower adhesive layer and a correction layer and an upper coating layer are used.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the composite obtained after applying the coating on the substrate is simultaneously crosslinked by heating. 21. The method according to claim 14, wherein a coating material having an upper protective layer is used and the protective layer is removed only after applying the coating material to the substrate. 22. The method according to claim 14, wherein the coating material is applied to a surface having a non-uniformity of up to 0.5 mm and having an anticorrosion layer. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the coating material is applied on a metallic substrate or a fiber composite substrate. 24. A coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or a method according to any one of claims 14 to 23 for coating a vehicle body or body parts of a motor vehicle or a railway vehicle. The method used for coating parts, especially car bodies.