CZ20021656A3 - Coating composition for coating surface of a substrate, its use and method for coating a substrate surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coating agent for coating the surface of a substrate in the form of a foil which is provided with an upper cover layer, a middle chromophore layer and a lower carrier layer. According to the invention, the lower carrier layer is a free-flowing, hardenable adhesive and levelling layer for gluing the foil onto the surface of the substrate and for covering irregularities in the surface of the substrate. A flexible, hardenable cover layer is provided. The present invention also relates to a method for coating the surface of a substrate using such a coating agent.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a coating composition for coating surfaces of substrates, such as bodies or body parts of motor vehicles or railway vehicle parts, in particular wagon bodies, in the form of a film having a covering layer, a middle coloring layer and a lower curable carrier layer. The invention further relates to a method of coating the surface of substrates with such a coating composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Such coating materials are known. It is used for coating product surfaces, especially as a replacement for painting.

Wet coating of substrates after prior leveling of the substrate surface with gravel is time and cost intensive. E.g. Steel or aluminum-based motor vehicle body parts or fiber-reinforced composite parts must first be aligned after application of the anti-corrosion layer. In this case, the leveling gravel is applied one or more times, and an intermediate grinding must be carried out after each application. Then the surfaces so smoothed must be pre-painted and then covered with a varnish. Numerous work steps with different materials bring additional downtime for ventilation, drying and curing. Compensation for production-related defects caused by joints such as welds, ground points or rivets cannot be automated. This method is sensitive to external influences, in particular dust, and causes emissions such as solvents. Therefore

These operations must be carried out in special facilities.

EP-B1 352 298 discloses body cladding and a method for its production. Body casing is made of plastic and is covered with a foil consisting of a carrier layer, a pigment layer and a clear lacquer layer. The laminate is heated and preformed, then inserted into the injection mold and sprayed to form a finished body casing.

US 5,021,278 discloses a thermoformable laminate of a carrier layer, a colored layer and a protective clear lacquer layer. The laminate is heated, preformed and pressed onto the substrate.

EP-A1 615 840 relates to a coating film for metal beverage containers in the form of a laminate having a bottom-up adhesive layer, a colored layer, a polyester layer and a cover layer. This film is coated with an adhesive layer on a flat sheet, which is then formed into a can.

These known films and methods of depositing on a metal or composite substrate are costly and are not suitable in all cases for such substrates, since an adhesive layer is generally lacking, so that the film must be fused to the substrate. Also, the known films are not flexible enough so that they must be preformed to be applied to the substrate.

DE-A1 197 01 594 discloses a method of manufacturing a molding, in particular edge moldings for the furniture industry. DE-A1 38 17 479 discloses a multilayer surface film. Due to its use as a protective layer for smooth surfaces, it does not include compensation for irregularities of the coated substrate.

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a coating composition and method of the above-mentioned type which allows short processing times, is not sensitive to external influences, releases as little emissions as possible and avoids additional surface finishing.

The present invention provides a coating composition with the features of claim 1 as well as a method in which the coating composition is used. According to the invention, the creep backing layer is a curable adhesive and alignment layer for bonding the film to the substrate surface and for covering irregularities in the substrate surface, and a flexible curable topsheet is provided.

In this way, irregularities in the surface of the substrate are concealed by the application of the color-decorative coating by means of the lower adhesive and leveling layer, and after application of the coating composition the resulting coating has a high resistance to external influences and stress due to the cured coating.

The reaction time of the bottom adhesive and alignment layer between the substrate surface and the dye layer is not critical. It is irrelevant, since the substrate is already in its final state and the surface and substrate are already sufficiently protected, and no further processing steps are necessary, so that no delay in production can occur even with longer reaction times.

Since no liquid materials need to be processed throughout the process, no undesirable emissions occur. The method according to the invention can also be carried out in parallel with another processing step of the same substrate, i.e. in parallel with another operation in the construction of a motor vehicle or railway vehicle, since this method is not sensitive to

- Emissions, especially dust. You only need a step of bedding. Preforming of the coating composition is not necessary. Regardless of the net coating time, no downtime occurs, for example by drying or by the reaction of the coating materials.

Advantageous further embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims. Compensation of the surface irregularities of the substrate by means of the bottom adhesive and leveling layer is particularly simple when the layer is at least 0.150 mm, preferably at least 1 mm thick, since then there is enough flowable material that can fill all depressions in the surface and form a flat layer surface. The bottom adhesive and leveling layer preferably has a viscous consistency, particularly preferably having thixotropic properties. Such a layer is sufficiently viscous not to drip from the coating composition but sufficiently fluid to compensate for irregularities in the substrate surface. Thixotropic layers are also suitable because they are normally solid to viscous, but under stress, i.e., when the coating composition is applied to the substrate, they become liquid and can particularly well compensate for irregularities.

The bottom adhesive and alignment layer can be formed over the entire surface, in a spot or in lines. It is not necessary for the bottom layer to be applied continuously on the central staining surface. Applying adhesive dots and adhesive strips may be sufficient to save material.

The backing and leveling layer is preferably based on a heat, moisture or light crosslinkable polymer and a multi-component material based on an epoxy, polyurethane or acid cured binder. Particularly suitable is a polyurethane-based polymer or a polyurethane mixture. The bottom adhesive and leveling layer can • • · ·· · ·

Produced also, for example, on the basis of a partially crosslinked adhesive adhesive. These are adhesive adhesives which, although internally already crosslinked (e.g. by electron beam curing or UV radiation), still exhibit tack and viscous consistency sufficient to provide the necessary adhesion of the coating composition to the substrate and to compensate for irregularities in the substrate surface. The internal crosslinking is advantageous in order to achieve better adhesive coherence, whereby, for example, a large thickness of the adhesive layer is possible without dripping from the coating composition. The backing and leveling layer may also consist of a foam adhesive surface, foam adhesive dots or foam adhesive tapes. The foam then assumes the equalizing function.

The topsheet preferably consists of a thermoplastic plastic matrix which cures completely by heating or irradiation with UV light or electron beam or visible light. The topsheet is preferably cured to a preferably transparent protective layer only after the film has been applied to the finished component. Thus, the topsheet is preferably a crosslinkable, in particular a thermally crosslinkable or light crosslinkable clear lacquer layer which, after curing, is hard enough to provide sufficient protection of the resulting coating against external influences.

A removable protective layer may be applied beneath the adhesive and alignment layer and / or on the topsheet of the coating composition to protect the outer layers of the coating composition from damage during storage, transport and, in the case of the topsheet, upon application to the substrate. The lower protective layer is preferably a paper film and / or the upper protective film is a polyester film or a polyolefin film, in particular a polypropylene film.

In the process according to the invention, the coating agent can be used

0 · 00 00

0 0 0 • 0 0000 0 »

A 0 0000 000 000 0 ^U ~ 00000 0000 00 ·· 0 · 00 00 00 0000 according to the invention is applied to the surface by roller or gravel. Preferably, a coating composition with a flexible topcoat layer of a crosslinkable, in particular a heat-crosslinkable or light-crosslinkable polymer is used and the topcoat layer is thermally or lightly crosslinked after the coating composition has been applied to the substrate.

When using a coating composition with a moisture-cured bottom adhesive and leveling layer, the substrate surface is coated, for example by spraying with a liquid, preferably water, before applying the coating composition. Conversely, if a coating composition with a heat-curing backing adhesive and leveling layer is used, the resulting bonding of the substrate and coating composition may be heated to cure the adhesive and leveling layer. In this case, it is recommended to use a coating composition with a flexible topcoat of a thermally crosslinkable polymer and a heat cured adhesive and alignment layer and to crosslink the topcoat simultaneously by heating the resulting bond (heating or irradiation, depending on the nature of the topcoat). ).

In order to protect the topcoat layer from damage, the coating means is provided with a topcoat layer which is removed only after the coating agent has been applied to the substrate.

The coating composition according to the invention can be applied, depending on the thickness of the lower adhesive and leveling layer, to a surface which exhibits irregularities of 0.5 mm or more and / or which is provided with an anticorrosive layer.

The coating composition according to the invention is particularly suitable for coating metal substrates or fiber-based composites, for example car bodies or body parts of motor vehicles, or · ⁹ ·········· φ

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Next, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings it represents:

Giant. 1 is a schematic representation of the structure of the coating composition;

Giant. 2: a schematic representation of the coating composition and substrate prior to coating;

Giant. 3: schematic representation of the finished composite of coating composition and substrate after coating.

Giant. 1 shows schematically a cross-section of an exemplary embodiment of the coating means 1. The coating means 1 comprises at least three functional layers: an upper cover layer 2, a middle dye layer 3 and a lower adhesive and alignment layer 4. The topsheet 2 is flexible and curable to a hard protective layer, preferably to a transparent clear lacquer layer. The central dye layer 3 is preferably composed of colored thermoplastics, in particular colored polyurethane, which do not require proper additional curing. The layer thickness should be about 20 to 100 μιη. This choice is made according to the compatibility and adhesion with the adhesive and the leveling layer, respectively. with the topsheet 3, the mechanical and thermal properties and the compatibility with the dyes and pigments which the plastic is to be dyed. The backing and leveling layer consists of a suitable adhesive, such as a pressure adhesive, a hot melt adhesive, a one-component system or a light-activatable adhesive or foam adhesive surfaces, adhesive dots or adhesive tapes. Function

-8 • 4 ···· 4 · 4 · · · · · · 4

444 · 4 4

4 4

4 ·

4

4 corresponds approximately to the assumption of the mechanical properties of the coating in normal vehicle painting. The choice of material is made according to the compatibility and adhesion with the dyeing layer or coating. substrate material as well as mechanical and thermal properties, and can be performed on the basis of materials available on the market. Particularly suitable are moisture or thermally crosslinkable or multi-component polyurethane or epoxy systems. The layer thickness should be at least 150 gm. Particularly preferred are layer thicknesses of 500 μπι and more, especially 1 mm and more.

Further, a protective film 5, preferably of polyester, can be provided with a layer thickness of about 100 µm which protects the top cover layer 2 during storage, transport and application of the coating composition 1 to the substrate from mechanical damage. It is preferably a non-yielding elastic material which, using application techniques such as roller or gravel or the like, acts as a surface leveling layer so that no traces of grinding or rolling are imprinted into the film. The protective film 5 is possible after application of the coating agent. on the substrate from the topsheet 2.

Furthermore, a protective layer 6 for protecting the adhesive material can be provided on the lower adhesive and alignment layer 4, which is stripped before the coating agent 1 is applied to the substrate.

In particular, the following materials are suitable for the layers 2, 3 and 4:

Possible thermoplastic components of the dyeing layer 3 are polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene terephthalate (PETP).

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9 9 9

9 9 9

9 9 * · * • 999 999 9

99 9 * 99 polybutylene terephthalate (ΡΒΤΡ), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PES), polyolefins (PE, PP), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer, polymer acrylonitrile-acrylonitrile (ASA) and acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-diene-styrene (A-EPDM) copolymers, with non-halogen polymers being preferred. Suitable pigments and dyes are inorganic or organic dyes, inorganic, organic or metal pigments, mica effect pigments, interference pigments, pearlescent pigments and liquid crystal polymers.

In particular, a polymerizable binder or a mixture of a thermoplastic plastic with a polymerizable binder may be used as materials for the topcoat 2 in the form of a transparent radiation-curable clear lacquer layer, the binder being either free-radical or cationic or both polymerizable. Depending on the reaction mechanism, suitable curing catalysts (photoinitiators) are added to the mixture.

The radically polymerizable binders are generally mono- or poly-ethylenically unsaturated compounds. Of particular importance are the multiply unsaturated binders as they contribute to the cross-linking of the reaction system to insoluble radically polymerizable urethane acrylates, epoxy acrylate products. aliphatic polyester acrylates, isocyanurates or compounds.

polyether acrylates, or acrylated mixtures of two or more of these groups

Examples of single unsaturated compounds are acrylates, monohydric methacrylates, acrylic acid derivatives (methyl, ethyl, butyl, isooctyl and hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethyl or methyl acrylate as well as vinyl and allyl compounds such as

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9 · 99 9999 vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate and allyl acetate.

Examples of polyunsaturated acrylates and methacrylates of polyols ethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycodiacrylate, butanediol-1,3-dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropanedi (meth) acrylate, di (meth) acrylate, glycerol disylate, butyldimethyl acrylate, butylene acrylate, butanediol acrylate -triacrylate, pentaerythritol di-, -tri- or -tetra- (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra-, -penta- or -hexa- (meth) acrylate, 1,4-cyclohexanediol diacrylates and dimethacrylates, 1,4- dimethylolcyclohexane, polyethylene glycols or oligoesters or oligourethanes, silicone modified acrylates and methacrylates, di-, tri- or tetra (meth) acrylates of tris- (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and (meth) acrylates of polyvinyl alcohol and butadiene copolymers.

The unsaturated binders can be used as mixtures and as individual substances.

Possible photoinitiators are, for example, benzoin, benzil, benzophenone, benzoinalkylene ethers, phenylglyoxylic acid esters, α-trichloroacetophenone, α-diethoxyacetophenone, α-hydroxyacetophenone, benzildimethylketal, methylbenzoylformate, 1-benzoylcyclohexanone, α-aminoacetophenone, α-aminoacetophenone 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone,

4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenylsulfide, ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate,

1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenylketone, 2-methyl-1- (4-2-hydroxy-2N-methyldiethanolamine, isopropylthioxanthone,

N-methyldiethanoamine, bis (2,4, β-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide,

- (methylthio) phenyl) -2-morpholinopropan-1-one,

methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) 2,4,4-trimethylphenylphosphine oxide, 1- (4- (2-hydroxyethyl) phenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methyl- 1-propan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl

0 0 · 0 00 0 ,, 0 00000000 0

- II - 0 00 00 0 900 ··· · «0 00 00 00 0 · 00

-1- (4- (1-methylvinyl) phenylpropanone, ethyl acid ester)

2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphine, diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide.

Photoinitiators can be added both as individual components and as a binder mixture.

Pressurized adhesives are suitable as adhesives, and thermally cured systems are also used. The polymers applied to the central dye layer 3, as non-curable, highly viscous liquids, have some tack and are pressed together to the surface of the substrate. The thermally cured systems are subsequently cross-linked with each other. The processing temperature is generally between 10 and 40 ° C.

In addition, reactive hot melt adhesives can be used which solidify by cooling and partially crystallizing the carrier polymer. By adding other reactive components, the system can be made moisture or thermally crosslinking. In the case of moisture-cured one-component systems, polyurethane systems are preferred. The curing reaction is only initiated by the ingress of sufficient moisture. Moisture is provided by wetting the substrate prior to application of the coating composition 1. A relative humidity of 40% should be present during processing.

Moisture encapsulated in microcapsules, preferably water, may be used to achieve sufficient curing at a greater layer thickness. By applying the coating composition to the surface, the capsules break and release moisture. The capsule material remains as a filler in the adhesive and alignment layer -4. Capsule adhesives are, for example, epoxy resins, acrylates, polyesters and polyurethanes.

In the case of thermosetting single component systems, the hardener is activated by means of

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- 12 · x 4 4 ř 4 4 4 4 4 4 · 4 4 4 4 4 4 444 4 · 4 4 * 44 4

444 «· *> <« »4« «4444 temperature. The hardener is previously blocked or present as a solid in the resin.

One-component systems are also possible in which the reactive component is present in the resin encapsulated in capsules. Upon application of the coating composition 11, the capsules break and the reactive component is released so that the curing reaction can begin.

In addition, two- or three-component systems based on polyurethane or epoxy systems may be used. Here, the second and / or third component (hardener and activator) can be encapsulated or present in the applied layer by means of a cleavable protecting group, and can be activated by heat treatment, room temperature or light (UV or visible), or moisture. In this case, the reactive component is released from the encapsulation or the protective groups are removed. Both the encapsulation and the leaving leaving groups can remain in the layer. A further possibility is to present the hardener or activator in a non-reactive molecular state in a non-crosslinked system which, under the influence of temperature or humidity or UV, respectively. The visible light passes through an intramolecular or intermolecular rearrangement into a reactive state, thereby curing the adhesive and alignment layer 4.

The activator or hardener may be pre-deposited on the bonded surfaces as a partner in the contact reaction, diffusing into the leveling and adhesive layers of the composite film and causing curing of the composite there or at the boundary surface. It is possible either to spray all components before applying the film onto the adhesive and leveling layer and to apply the film immediately, or to apply the individual components (activator and hardener) to the substrate surfaces to be bonded. There is the possibility of applying a hardener or activator by means of a thin film

The film is available either as a hardener film or as an activator film, or wet-applied.

Light-crosslinkable adhesives are particularly preferred as they have medium to high strength and elasticity and cure rapidly. Final strength (reaction in the dark) can be achieved after hours or days. The photoinitiator decomposes under the action of radiation, preferably light, to a compound which induces polymerization. This happens after irradiation with light and in unlit places (reaction in the dark).

The adhesive and alignment layer 4 may also be present as a foam adhesive surface, adhesive tape or adhesive surface. The adhesive surfaces and the core of the adhesive tape form a unit of the same polymer. The polymer is present both as a pure viscoelastic adhesive and as an adhesive tape core in the foam structure or in the closed cell structure. Due to its viscoelastic properties, the polymer is able to flow into surface irregularities, increasing the effective surface and thus the sound insulation.

In addition, other components usually used in films, for example additives such as stabilizers (antioxidants, light-protective agents (UV-adsorbers, HALS), metal, etc.) may be added to the coating composition 7 in each layer or also in individual layers. synergistic thio compounds), flowing agents, thixotropic agents and antifoams. Fillers, fibers, lubricants, antistatic additives, plasticizers and flame retardants may also be added.

deactivators, excipients,

The material for the curable topsheet 2 of thermoplastic plastics and binders can be obtained by a known extrusion process. Thermoplastic plastics are melted in an extruder. Binders, hardeners, resp. the ingredients are mixed and

- 14 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ···· add to the molten thermoplastic plastics in the extruder. A reactive mixture is obtained which is in the form of a granulate, powder or foil.

The ratio between binders, hardeners and additives on the one hand and thermoplastic plastics on the other hand is 1: 1 to 1: 5, but preferably 1: 3.

The top cover layer 2, together with the dyeing middle layer 3 and the bottom adhesive and leveling layer 4, is extruded in a single operation to a multilayer film. Reactive radiation-curable mixture of thermoplastic plastic, binders, hardeners and, where appropriate, The additives may be formed as a transparent film with a layer thickness of 15 to 100 gm and cured, for example, with UV light. The initiation of the polymerization in the transparent layer is preferably carried out by UV radiation using, for example, low-pressure, medium-pressure or high-pressure mercury lamps, xenon, argon, halide lamps, discharge lamps, laser radiation or electron beam (ESH). The wavelength for UV or visible light curing is preferably 200 to 600 nm.

The bottom resultant film may be separately coated with adhesive, and adhesive dots or adhesive tapes may also be applied. Foam adhesive surfaces, adhesive tapes or adhesive points can also be carried separately.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following examples show in detail how the method can be carried out. Parts are by weight and percent by weight unless otherwise indicated.

Example 1

A photoactive mixture consists of a mixture of:

·

Material O. Ό Ebecryl 40 23 Alkoxylated PETIA (UCB) Ebecryl IRR 264 41-45,2 tris- (2-hydroxy-) triacrylate ethyl) -isocyanurate (UCB) Ebecryl 1290 11 Aliphatic UR-Ac (UCB) Ebecryl 5129 11 Aliphatic UR-Ac (UCB) Ebecryl 350 5 silicone diacrylate (UCB) Tinuvin 292 1 HALS additive (Ciba SC) Tinuvin 400 1 UV absorber (Ciba SC) Irgacure 184 6 photoinitiator (Ciba SC) Lucirin TPO 1 photoinitiator (BASF)

This mixture is metered in a continuous process into the Lucryl G55 or Lucryl G87e polymethyl methacrylate melt (BASF):

Material wt. parts Lucryl G55 3 mixture Example 1 1

UV-curing conditions: 2 * 2-3m / min; 120 W / cm

In the exemplary embodiment, PMMA Lucryl 55 has been chosen as the thermoplastic plastic for the dyeing layer, since it is identical to the thermoplastic components of the clear coating layer and thus exhibits the best adhesion and compatibility. In addition, pigments and dyes can be easily incorporated into the melt at about 200 ° C.

In the exemplary embodiment, metallic pigments (Al-flakes PCR 501 from Eckart, SiO ₂ coated permanent pigment having a particle size distribution of 10 to 60 µm), or red metallic shiny pigment (Merck Iriodin® 504 mica flakes, mica coated powder) α-Fe ₂ O ₃

4 • 4 4 4 44

4 4 4

16 having a particle size distribution of 10 to 60 µm).

Example 2

Material O, O Ebecryl 2000 43 Aliphatic UR-Ac (UCB) Elbecryl IRR 264 25.5 aliphatic triacrylate UR-Ac HDDA (UCB) Lucirin TPO-L 0.5 photoinitiator (BASF) CGI 184 3 photoinitiator (Ciba SC) Tinuvin 292 2 HALS additive (Ciba SC) Tinuvin 400 2 UV absorber (Ciba SC) SR 9003 7 propoxylated neopentylglycol- diacrylate (Cray Valley) Ebecryl 350 2 silicone diacrylate (UCB) CN 965 10 Aliphatic UR-Ac (Cray Valley) SR 344 5 polyethylene glycol diacrylate Cray Valley

This mixture is metered in a continuous process into the melt of thermoplastic polyurethane KU-1-8602 or KU-2-8602 (BASF):

Material wt. parts KU-2-8602 3 mixture Example 2 1

UV-curing conditions: 2 * 2-4m / min; 120 W / cm

Giant. 2 and 3 illustrate the function of the adhesive and leveling layer 4 when applying the coating composition 1 to the substrate 10. The coating composition 7 can be applied to roughly machined surfaces with unevenness of up to 0.5 mm or more as well as surfaces 11 provided with temporary corrosion protection. · ···· · ·

- 17 - · 2 · · all od ank například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například například Lackfabrik. After cutting of the coating agent 11 and withdrawing the protective film 6 from the lower adhesive and alignment layer 4, the coating agent 7 is pressed firmly by means of a roller and / or a large spatula on the surface 11 of the metal substrate 10. The liquid adhesive mass of the adhesive The rigid film 5 supports a uniform and even distribution of the adhesive mass. Once the desired flatness is achieved, the protective film 5 can be removed from the topsheet 2. Subsequently, the topsheet 2 is cured by radiation or by heating to achieve an abrasion-resistant final state. Thus, the surface 11 of the substrate 10 is finally coated. The reaction time of the adhesive may take hours or days. However, this does not matter because the surface 11 in its final state is already sufficiently protected against external influences so that the substrate 10 can be further processed without downtime.

In the case of a moisture-cured adhesive and leveling layer 4, the surface 11 of the substrate 10 is preferably provided with a thin water film, for example by spraying, before application of the coating composition.

When thermally crosslinking systems such as polyurethane systems are used as the adhesive and alignment layer 4, their reaction temperature should preferably be about 50 to 70 ° C, so that the necessary thermal threshold is brought after application of the coating composition 1 by heating the entire laminate, either by heating in the case of a thermally cured topcoat 2 or by irradiation in the case of a light-crosslinkable topcoat 2. Experiments have shown that by conducting the process, e.g. 2 * 2-3 m / min, 120 W / cm, sufficient heating to a depth of about 2 mm.

Claims (26)

Coating means (1) in the form of a foil having an upper cover layer (2), a middle dye layer (3) and a lower curable adhesive layer (4), for coating a surface (11) of a substrate (10), the lower curable adhesive the layer (4) is a creep-capable adhesive layer for bonding the film to the surface (11) of the substrate (10) and a flexible, curable cover layer (2) is provided, characterized in that the lower adhesive layer (4) is also a leveling layer for covering irregularities (12) in the surface (11) of the substrate (10), wherein the adhesive and alignment layer (4) has a thickness of at least 0.150 mm and exhibits a viscous consistency with thixotropic properties. Coating means according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower adhesive and alignment layer (4) is arranged over the entire surface, in a spot or in lines. Coating composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bottom adhesive and leveling layer (4) is formed on the basis of a heat, moisture or light cross-linkable polymer or a multi-component material based on an epoxy, polyurethane or acid-cured binder. Coating composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the adhesive and the leveling layer (4) comprise microcapsules containing moisture, preferably water. Coating means (1) in the form of a foil having an upper covering layer (2), a middle coloring layer (3) and a lower coating layer (3). 4 4 ···· 4 4 44 44 44 4444 444 44 4445 · 4 4 - IQ. 4,444 444 4 4 4 4 ^y 44444 4444 4444 44 44 44 44 4444 a curable adhesive layer (4) for coating the surface (11) of the substrate (10), wherein the bottom curable adhesive layer (4) is a creep-capable adhesive layer for bonding the film to the surface (11) of the substrate (10); a flexible, curable cover layer (2) is provided, characterized in that the bottom adhesive layer (4) is also a leveling layer to cover irregularities (12) in the surface (11) of the substrate (10), the adhesive and leveling layer (4) it has a thickness of at least 0.150 mm and is based on a heat, moisture or light crosslinkable polymer or multicomponent material based on an epoxy, polyurethane or acid-cured binder and contains microcapsules containing moisture. Coating composition according to claim 5, characterized in that the microcapsules contain water. Coating composition according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the lower adhesive and alignment layer (4) has a viscous consistency. Coating means according to claim 7, characterized in that the lower adhesive and leveling layer (4) has thixotropic properties. The coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 10 8, characterized in that the bottom adhesive and leveling layer (4) has a thickness of at least 1 mm. Coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 9, characterized in that the bottom adhesive and leveling layer (4) is formed on the basis of polyurethane or a mixture of polyurethanes. • 4,444 ·· 44 * · 4,444,444 04 0000 40 0> 20 “· 4444444444 4 444 44 4,444 4444 44 99 99 «4444 The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 10; A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the backing and leveling layer (4) is formed on the basis of a partially cross-linked adhesive. Coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 11, characterized in that the bottom adhesive and alignment layer (4) consists of a foam adhesive surface, foam adhesive dots or foam adhesive tapes. The coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 13 12, characterized in that the top cover layer (2) is crosslinkable, in particular a thermally crosslinkable or light crosslinkable clear lacquer layer. Coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 13, characterized in that a removable protective layer (6; 5) is applied under the adhesive and alignment layer (4) and / or on the top cover layer (2). Coating means according to claim 14, characterized in that the lower protective layer (9) is a paper film and / or the upper protective film (5) is a polyester film or a polyolefin film, in particular a polypropylene film. Method for coating a surface (2) of a substrate (10) by means of a film having an upper cover layer (2), a middle dye layer (3) and a lower backing layer (4), characterized in that a coating means (1) is used. according to any one of claims 1 to 15. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the coating means (1) is applied to the surface (11) of the substrate (10) by roller and / or gravel. -21 99,999 9999 • 9 9 9 · · · 99 99 99 99 9999 The method of claim 16 or. 17, characterized in that a coating means (1) with a flexible topcoat (2) of crosslinkable, in particular heat-crosslinkable or light-crosslinkable polymer is used and the topcoat (2) is applied to the substrate after the coating agent (1) has been applied. (10) crosslinking thermally or light. Method according to one of Claims 16 to 18, characterized in that when using a coating composition (1) with a moisture-cured bottom adhesive and leveling layer (4), the surface (11) of the substrate (10) is applied before the coating composition (1) is applied. it is coated with a liquid, preferably water. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that the moisture, preferably water, is introduced in the form of microcapsules arranged in the adhesive and leveling layer (4). Method according to one of Claims 16 to 20, characterized in that, when the coating composition (1) is used with the heat-curing bottom adhesive and alignment layer (4), the resulting bond of the substrate (10) and the coating composition (1) is heated. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that a coating means (1) with a flexible topcoat (2) of thermally crosslinkable polymer is used, and the heat-cured adhesive and alignment layer (4) and the topcoat (2) are coated. upon application of the coating composition (1) to the substrate (10) at the same time crosslinking by heating the resulting bond. Method according to one of Claims 16 to 22, characterized in that a coating agent (1) is used. 4 «• 4,444 -22 4444 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 444 4 4 4 44 44 44 44 4 4 • 4 · 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4444 provided with an upper covering layer (5) which, after application of the coating agent (1), is removed only from the substrate (10). Method according to one of Claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the coating means (1) is applied to a surface which exhibits irregularities (12) of up to 0.5 mm and / or which is provided with an anticorrosive layer. Method according to any one of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that the coating means (1) is applied to the metal substrate (10) or to the substrate of the fiber composite. Use of a coating composition (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15 or a method according to any one of claims 16 to 25 for coating bodywork or bodywork of motor vehicles or for coating parts of railway vehicles, in particular wagon bodies.