JP2003346844A - Integrated waste plastic treatment and fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste plastic treatment and fuel cell power generation system capable of increasing the efficiency of the operation of the entire system. <P>SOLUTION: This waste plastic treatment and fuel cell power generation system comprises a fuel cell power generation device A and a waste plastic treatment device B. The waste plastic treatment device B comprises a thermal decomposition device 31 for thermally decomposing waste plastic and a decomposition oil drum 32 for condensing oil vapor produced from the thermal decomposition device 31. Light gaseous component discharged from the decomposition oil drum 32 is fed to the fuel cell power generation device A after being fed to a light gaseous component buffer tank 35. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an integrated system for waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A waste plastic processing apparatus having a thermal decomposition apparatus for processing waste plastic has been known. On the other hand, a fuel cell main body having an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, a fuel cell power generator for directly obtaining electric power from the fuel cell main body, and a fuel generated by a generator by driving a turbine using surplus fuel gas from the fuel cell Battery power generators are known.

[0003]

As described above, a waste plastic processing apparatus for processing waste plastic and a fuel cell power generation apparatus are known, but these are conventionally operated independently.

In such a case, if the fuel gas generated from the waste plastic pyrolyzer can be used in the fuel cell power generator, the efficiency of the operation of the entire system can be improved, which is convenient.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the present invention is directed to waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation in which fuel gas generated from a waste plastic pyrolyzer can be used in a fuel cell power generator. It is intended to provide an integrated system.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention comprises a pyrolyzer for pyrolyzing waste plastic, a cracked oil drum for condensing oil vapor generated from the pyrolyzer, a reformer, and a fuel cell body. A fuel cell power generator is provided, and light gas released from the cracked oil drum is introduced into a reformer of the fuel cell power generator by an introduction line, and after reforming to a hydrogen-rich gas,
The waste plastic treatment is introduced into the fuel cell main body, wherein the fuel cell power generator has an exhaust heat recovery boiler, and steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler is supplied to a pyrolysis device and an introduction line by a steam line. This is an integrated system for fuel cell power generation.

The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generator having a pyrolyzer for pyrolyzing waste plastic, a cracked oil drum for condensing oil vapor generated from the pyrolyzer, a reformer and a fuel cell body. , A heating combustion device, and a first introduction line and a second introduction line for the light gas component discharged from the cracked oil drum to a reformer and a heating combustion device of a fuel cell power generator, respectively.
This is an integrated system for waste plastic treatment and fuel cell power generation, which is introduced through an introduction line.

The present invention provides an integrated system for waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation, wherein exhaust gas discharged from a fuel cell power generator and exhaust gas discharged from a heating and combustion device are supplied to a fuel cell main body. is there.

According to the present invention, an integrated system for waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation is characterized in that a flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting a flow rate of a light gas is provided in a first introduction line and a second introduction line. It is.

According to the present invention, the control of the flow rate of the first introduction line and the second introduction line is controlled by a control device in accordance with the power generation load of the fuel cell power generation apparatus, and the waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation are integrated. System.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an integrated system of waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the integrated system of waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation is a combination of a fuel cell power generator A and a waste plastic processing apparatus B.

First, the fuel cell power generator A will be described with reference to FIG. The fuel cell power generator A has a cathode 1a and an anode 1b, and a fuel cell main body 1 that converts chemical energy into electric energy, and a fuel gas from the fuel cell main body 1 and air from the compressor 4 are provided. Auxiliary combustor 1 to burn
5, a turbine 3 for sending and collecting the combustion gas from the auxiliary combustor 15, and a generator 5 connected to the turbine 3.

The exhaust gas from the turbine 3 is guided to an exhaust heat recovery boiler 7 to generate steam. Light gas (fuel gas) sent from the waste plastic processing apparatus B is supplied to the anode 1b of the fuel cell power generation apparatus A via the fuel preheater 16 and the reformer 2 as described later.

The reformer 2 has a reaction section 2a and a combustion section 2b. The fuel gas sent from the preheater 16 is sent to the reaction section 2a, reformed, and supplied to the anode 1b. .

The fuel gas sent to the anode 1b of the fuel cell body 1 reacts with the gas on the cathode 1a side in the fuel cell body 1, and then the anode exhaust gas preheater 17, the fuel preheater 16, and the anode exhaust gas condensate. It is cooled through the heat converter 13 and separated into gas and liquid by the gas-liquid separator 19.

The gas generated in the gas-liquid separator 19 is thereafter heated by the anode exhaust gas preheater 17 by the anode exhaust gas circulating blower 12, and then sent to the combustion section 2b of the reformer 2, where it is burned. The air is sent to the cathode 1 a through the air preheater 18 and the carbon dioxide gas recycling system 11.

The fuel gas from the cathode 1a is sent to the auxiliary combustor 15 as described above, but a part of the fuel gas passes through the cathode gas recycle system 10 by the cathode exhaust gas circulation blower 14 and the reformer combustion air preheater. 18 and further sent to the combustion section 2b of the reformer 2.

The liquid (water) generated by the gas-liquid separator 19 is cooled by a condensed water cooling heat converter 20.
After being treated by the water treatment device 8, it is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 7.

Next, the waste plastic processing apparatus B will be described. The waste plastic processing apparatus B includes a charging device 33 into which plastic waste (waste plastic) is charged, a thermal decomposition device 31 that thermally decomposes the waste plastic and heat-oils it, and heats the waste plastic from the charging device 33. A fixed-quantity feeding machine 31a for feeding a fixed amount into the decomposition device 31;
A decomposed oil drum 32 for condensing the oil vapor generated from 1 and sedimenting impurities.

The pyrolyzer 31 has a plastic waste discharge part 45 for discharging plasticized plasticized waste obtained by thermally decomposing waste plastic, and the cracked oil drum 32 has a temperature controller such as a heater (first heater). A temperature control device 32a is attached.

The cracked oil drum 32 has a light gas buffer tank 35 for temporarily storing light gas or off-gas (hereinafter, light gas) generated in the cracked oil drum 32.
Is connected. The light gas buffer tank 35 is provided with a temperature controller (second temperature controller) 35a such as a heater.

Further, in the light gas buffer tank 35,
The light gas portion is guided to the anode 1b of the fuel cell body 11 through the fuel preheater 16 and the reformer 2 of the fuel cell power generator A, and an introduction line (first introduction line) 42 having a flow control valve 50a is connected. ing. The introduction line 42 includes a steam line 5 generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 7.
The steam sent by 4 is mixed.

The introduction line 42 connected to the light gas buffer tank 35 is provided with an introduction line (second introduction line) 43 branched from the introduction line 42, and the heating line 37 is connected to the introduction line 43. The light gas portion is burned by the heating and burning device 37. The introduction line 43 is provided with a flow control valve 50b. A thermometer 38 is provided in the heating and burning device 37.
Is installed, and the introduction line 4 at the entrance of the heating and combustion device 37 is installed.
3 is provided with a flow rate adjusting unit 39, and the flow rate of the light gas is adjusted by the flow rate adjusting unit 39 based on the temperature inside the heating and burning device 37 measured by the thermometer 38. Further, the water treated by the water treatment device 8 is supplied to the boiler 40, and the steam generated by the boiler 40 is combined with the steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 7 and sent to the thermal decomposition device 31 via the steam line 54. Can be

A boiler 40, a blower 49 for sucking exhaust gas and an exhaust duct 41 are sequentially provided on the outlet side of the heating and burning device 37, and the exhaust gas from the burning device 37 passes through the boiler 40, the blower 49 and the exhaust duct 41. The gas is led to the exhaust gas lines 47a and 47b. The exhaust gas guided to the exhaust gas lines 47a and 47b is respectively in the waste plastic processing apparatus B, for example, the thermal decomposition apparatus 31 and the fuel cell power generation apparatus A, for example, the reformer 2
Led to.

In the exhaust gas lines 47a and 47b on the inlet side of the pyrolyzer 31 and the reformer 2, dilution air supply sections 48a and 48b are provided for diluting the exhaust gas with air to lower the temperature of the exhaust gas. Have been.

Further, to the cracked oil drum 32, a recovered oil introduction line 44 for guiding the recovered oil in the cracked oil drum 32 to the light gas buffer tank 35 and the heating and burning device 37 is connected. Cracked oil pump 34
Is attached.

The recovered oil introduction line 44 is covered by a jacket 53, into which warm water heated by the anode exhaust gas condensation heat converter 13 flows. A recovered oil discharge line 52 branches off from the recovered oil introduction line 40.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described. First, waste plastic is injected from the charging machine 33 to the quantitative charging machine 31a side,
Waste plastic is heated and compressed in 1a. Next, the waste plastic in the fixed-quantity feeding machine 31a is sent to the thermal decomposition device 31, where the thermal decomposition process is performed by thermal decomposition in the thermal decomposition device 31 to generate oil vapor and plastic oil waste.

The oily plastic waste is discharged from the plastic oily waste discharge unit 45, and the light gas portion of the oil vapor is sent to the light gas buffer tank 35 via the cracked oil drum 32. The light gas content in the light gas buffer tank 35 is then sent to the fuel preheater 16 as fuel via the introduction line 42, further sent to the reformer 2, and sent to the fuel cell body 1. In the fuel cell body 1, the gas on the cathode 1a side reacts with the gas on the anode electrode 1b side to function as a fuel cell. The gas from the fuel cell body 1 is burned in the auxiliary combustor 15 with the air supplied from the compressor 4, and the combustion gas is sent to the turbine 3 side to generate electric power by the generator 5.

The light gas in the light gas buffer tank 35 is sent to the heating and burning device 37 through the introduction line 43. After the light gas is completely burned at a high temperature in the heating combustion device 37, it becomes exhaust gas, passes through the boiler 40, the blower 49 and the exhaust duct 41, and emits an exhaust gas line 47 a.
It is led to 47b.

The exhaust gas in the exhaust gas line 47a is diluted by air supplied from a dilution air supply section 48a, the temperature thereof is adjusted, and the diluted exhaust gas is supplied to the pyrolysis device 31 to heat the pyrolysis device 31. Further, the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas line 47b is diluted by the air supplied from the dilution air supply unit 48b, the temperature thereof is adjusted and supplied to the reforming unit 2 to heat the reforming unit 2.

During this time, on the fuel cell power generator A side,
It is also conceivable that the power generation load fluctuates. In this case, by adjusting the supply amount of the light gas supplied from the light gas buffer tank 35 to the fuel cell power generation device A via the introduction line 42, the load on the fuel cell power generation device A is determined to a constant value. Can be.

In this case, the temperature inside the cracked oil drum 32 is adjusted by the first temperature control device 32a of the cracked oil drum 32,
The amount of light gas generated from the inside of the cracked oil drum 32 is adjusted, and the second
The temperature in the light gas buffer tank 35 is adjusted by the temperature controller 35b to adjust the amount of light gas released from the light gas buffer tank 35. This allows
By adjusting the flow rate of the light gas supplied from the light buffer tank 35 to the fuel cell generator A via the introduction line 42, the load on the fuel cell generator A can be fixed.

In the heating and burning device 37, a flow rate adjusting unit 39 based on the temperature measured by the thermometer 38.
As a result, the flow rate of the light gas is adjusted, so that the temperature inside the heating and burning device 37 can be kept constant and the temperature of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas duct 41 can be fixed.

When the thermal cracking device 31 is started or stopped, a sufficient amount of light gas cannot be supplied from the cracked oil drum 32 to the heating and burning device 37 side. In this case, the recovered oil in the cracked oil drum 32 is supplied by the pump 33 to the heated combustion device 37 through the recovered oil introduction line 44 to operate the heated combustion device 37.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the fuel gas generated from the pyrolysis device 31 of the waste plastic processing device B can be effectively used in the fuel cell power generator A, so that the efficiency of the entire system can be improved. Driving can be performed.

[0038]

As described above, according to the present invention, waste plastics are thermally decomposed by a pyrolysis device and heated and oiled, and oil vapor generated by the pyrolysis device is stored in a decomposed oil drum. The light fraction of the oil vapor in the cracked oil drum is then introduced into the fuel cell power plant and can be used in the fuel cell power plant. Therefore, the efficiency of operation of the entire system can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an integrated system of waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Fuel cell body 2 Reformer 3 Turbine 4 Compressor 5 Generator 31 Thermal decomposition equipment 32 Cracked oil drum 32a first temperature control device 35 Light gas buffer tank 35a Second temperature control device 37 Heating combustion equipment 40 boiler 41 Exhaust duct 42 Introduction line 43 Introduction line 47a, 47b exhaust gas line 54 steam line A fuel cell power generator B Waste plastic processing equipment

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A fuel cell power generator having a pyrolyzer for pyrolyzing waste plastic, a cracked oil drum for condensing oil vapor generated from the pyrolyzer, a reformer and a fuel cell main body, Waste plastic comprising: a combustion device; and introducing a light gas component discharged from the cracked oil drum into a reformer and a heating combustion device of the fuel cell power generator through a first introduction line and a second introduction line, respectively. Integrated processing and fuel cell power generation system. 2. An integrated waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell power generation device and the exhaust gas discharged from the heating combustion device are supplied to the fuel cell body. System. 3. The waste plastic processing and fuel cell power generation according to claim 1, wherein a flow control valve for adjusting a flow rate of light gas is provided in the first introduction line and the second introduction line. Integrated system. 4. The waste plastic processing and fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the flow rate adjustment of the first introduction line and the second introduction line is controlled by a control device according to the power generation load of the fuel cell power generation device. An integrated power generation system.