JP2003325006A - Method for pretreating rice seed, coated seed and composition for seed coating - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for saving pretreating operation of rice seeds and to provide various kinds of coated seeds and to provide a composition for seed coating. <P>SOLUTION: By coating disinfected rice seeds with the coating compositions for seeds containing cellulose as a main component, seed presoaking and sprouting can be omitted in the step of pretreatments (selection by specific gravity, disinfection, presoaking and sprouting) of the rice seed. Thus, labor can be saved in growing rice seedlings. Furthermore, no waste liquor containing disinfecting agents released from the disinfected seeds is formed in the presoaking, thus achieving an ecological advantage. Unhulled rice, beet sugar, turf, mask melon and so on coated with coating compositions containing the cellulose as a main component show not only an elevated germination ratio but also favorable growth. Particularly, rooting strength (percentage of rootage) in transplantation of seedlings and a nutrient state (seedling sugar content) of seedlings are improved in rice. In cereals such as rice and root vegetables such as beet, an increase in the yield and improvement of taste and sugar content can be expected. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a seed paddy pretreatment method and a coated seed containing coated paddy and a composition for coating the seed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Rice seedling raising work is systematically carried out by preparing the seedling bed soil, preparing seeds, sowing, and raising seeds, counting backward from the transplanting time. Among them, the preparatory measure for seed paddy is a work that is performed in the order of specific gravity selection, disinfection, soaking, germination and emergence of seed paddy. After the seed paddy has sprouted, the seedling raising work is advanced to sowing. Specific gravity selection is carried out by immersing seed paddy that causes diseases and unevenness in salt water or the like. The seed paddy selected by specific gravity selection is seed-disinfected after washing with water. Seed disinfection is performed by immersing the seed in a seed disinfectant for a certain period of time in order to prevent scab and blast. The seed-sterilized seed pad is soaked with water, then sprouting (emergent), and then seeded. On the other hand, a seed coating film composition comprising a cellulose-based film forming agent, an α-cellulose derivative and a plasticizer in specific proportions (Patent Document 1); cellulose powder B as a substance having a fiber structure with an aspect ratio of 20 or more and a repellent agent. Seed coating material containing calcium stearate as a liquid agent in a specific ratio (Patent Document 2); seed having an aqueous liquid sufficient for adhering the fine powder, which does not cause stickiness during the mixing process, held on the surface Mixed with active plant tissues (including germinated seeds) except
There is known a dressing method (Patent Document 3) in which fine powder is attached to the periphery of an active plant tissue.

[0003]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4577

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-56425

[Patent Document 3] JP-A-62-265908

[0004]

The seeds that have been seed-disinfected are soaked in running water or stagnant water.
Do over 100 periods. This work is labor intensive, and it is difficult to determine the period according to the timing of transplantation. Further, it is not preferable from the environmental point of view to discard the seed water containing the seed disinfectant eluted from the seed sterilized seed as it is.
On the other hand, cellulose is a main constituent of a plant and is known to have various uses as a raw material such as spinning, papermaking and artificial fiber, but further development of uses is required.

[0005]

Under such circumstances, the present inventor has found that coating seeds with a composition containing cellulose as a component promotes budding.
Then, the seed paddy was subjected to specific gravity selection and seed disinfection, and then coated with a composition containing cellulose as a component, whereby a seed padding pretreatment method in which soaking and sprouting were omitted was established. Further, by coating with a composition containing cellulose as an ingredient, it was found that, in addition to rice, the germination rate of sugar beet, turf, etc. is improved, the growth is promoted, and the yield is increased, thus completing the present invention. .

The present invention will be described in detail below. The seed paddy pretreatment method of the present invention is a method in which the paddy seeds are subjected to specific gravity selection, the selected paddy seeds are sterilized with seeds, and then the paddy paddy is coated with a composition containing cellulose as a main component. The method of the present invention is different from the conventional method in that neither soaking nor sprouting for uniform germination is performed.

The specific gravity of the paddy can be selected by a commonly used method using salt water. Specifically, for example, specific gravity of 1.05
Approximately 1.2 salt water or ammonium sulphate is added to the seeds, the sunk ones are selected and rinsed with water.

[0008] Seed disinfection may be carried out by a commonly used method for preventing scab and blast, for example, thiuram benomyl agent, thiuram thiophanate methyl agent, benomyl agent, thiabendazole captan. 10 chemical solutions containing a certain concentration of seed disinfectant
It may be heated to a temperature of ℃ or more and immersed for a certain time. The seed-sterilized paddy is preferably air-dried for about half a day and used for the next work.

As a method for coating seed paddy and various seeds described later with the composition of the present invention, seed paddy or various seeds and a composition containing cellulose as a component are mixed, an aqueous binder solution is added and further mixed and dried. (Mixing method); a method of producing coated seed with seed paddy or various seeds, a composition and a binder using a centrifugal fluidized granulating apparatus (CF granulating apparatus) (centrifugal fluidized coating method); using a sugar-coated bread, Method of producing seeds coated with seeds or various seeds, composition and binder (pan coating method); after soaking seeds or seeds with water or an aqueous solution containing a binder, applying a composition containing cellulose as a component , A method of drying (immersion method), and the like.

Seed rice treated by the pretreatment method of the present invention, which has been omitted from the conventional soaking and sprouting steps by coating with a composition containing cellulose as an ingredient, is dried as necessary, and then seeded in a seedling raising device. Germinated with. Moreover, various seeds coated with a composition containing cellulose may be sowed after drying if necessary. In addition, when the seeds are rice seeds, they can be directly sowed.

The cellulose used in the seed paddy pretreatment method, the coated seed and the seed coating composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained from plants, microorganisms, etc., and α obtained from pulp from fibrous plants is used. -Cellulose partially depolymerized with mineral acid, purified crystalline cellulose and α-
Powdered cellulose obtained by mechanically decomposing cellulose is preferable, and crystalline cellulose is particularly preferable. There are various grades of crystalline cellulose depending on the difference in particle size and apparent specific gravity, and any of them can be used.

The silica gel used in the seed paddy pretreatment method, coated seed and seed coating composition of the present invention includes hydrous silicon dioxide and anhydrous silicon dioxide (light anhydrous silicic acid, etc.), among which hydrous silicon dioxide is preferred. .

The monosaccharide used in the seed paddy pretreatment method, coated seed and seed coating composition of the present invention includes glucose (fructose), fructose, xylose and the like, and glucose is particularly preferable.

As a binder that is optionally used in the seed paddy pretreatment method, coated seed and seed coating composition of the present invention, for example, starch such as corn starch, potato starch, rice starch; cellulose derivative such as hydroxypropyl cellulose. And starch is preferred.
Above all, corn starch is preferred. Moreover, you may use the said binder in mixture.

In the seed paddy pretreatment method of the present invention, the amount of the additive to be added to the composition containing cellulose as necessary is 0.1 to 10% by weight of water-containing or anhydrous silicon dioxide with respect to the cellulose. %; Diatomaceous earth 1-50% by weight; potassium alum, baked alum and other alum 0.1-5% by weight; (precipitated) calcium carbonate 0.1-
10% by weight; monosaccharide is 0.5 to 20% by weight. Also,
The amount of the binder used is 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the composition containing cellulose.

In the seed paddy pretreatment method of the present invention, a preferable composition containing cellulose as a component is a composition comprising crystalline cellulose, hydrous silicon dioxide, diatomaceous earth and, if necessary, calcium carbonate, and their mixing ratio. (Wt%) is 50-95 wt% of crystalline cellulose, preferably 60-95 wt%, more preferably 75-90.
% By weight; hydrous silicon dioxide 0.1-10% by weight, preferably 1-10% by weight, more preferably 3-7% by weight; diatomaceous earth 1-50% by weight, preferably 3-25% by weight, further Preferably, it is 5 to 20% by weight; calcium carbonate is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 10% by weight, more preferably 3 to 7% by weight. Further, as the binder, corn starch is preferable, and the amount thereof is 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition.

The seed coated with the composition containing cellulose is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include rice,
Cereals such as wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat, corn, and korian; root vegetables such as beet; beans such as green beans, peas, fava beans, soybeans, adzuki beans; grasses such as Korean grass and western grass; muskmelon, andean melon , And melons such as Prince Melon. Preferable examples include rice (rice paddy), sugar beet, turf and melon.

Preferred as the seed coating composition of the present invention are crystalline cellulose, hydrous silicon dioxide, diatomaceous earth,
If necessary, the composition is composed of calcium carbonate, and the blending ratio (wt%) thereof is 50 to 9 crystalline cellulose.
5% by weight, preferably 60 to 95% by weight, more preferably 75 to 90% by weight; hydrous silicon dioxide 0.1 to 10
% By weight, preferably 1-10% by weight, more preferably 3-7% by weight; diatomaceous earth 1-50% by weight, preferably 3-25% by weight, more preferably 5-20% by weight; calcium carbonate 0.1-10% by weight, preferably
2 to 10% by weight, more preferably 3 to 7% by weight; calcium peroxide 100 to 1500% by weight, preferably 2
00 to 1250% by weight, more preferably 250 to 10%
It is 00% by weight. Further, corn starch is preferable as a binder used when coating the seed-coating composition described above on seeds, and the amount thereof is 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition. Hereinafter, the method for coating the composition of the present invention will be described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 (Pan coating method) After specific gravity selection, seed sterilized and air-dried Koshihikari rice paddy 150
g, composition containing cellulose [crystalline cellulose (Avicel PH302: Asahi Kasei): hydrous silicon dioxide (Carplex # 80: Shionogi): diatomaceous earth = 20: 1: 4) 45g, 2% (w / v) corn starch Using an aqueous solution, coating with sugar-coated bread [pan rotation speed: 20 rpm, binder solution spraying rate: 10 mL / min, operating temperature: room temperature] and air-drying at room temperature after completion of coating, 20% by weight of a composition containing cellulose % Coated Koshihikari paddy 180
got g.

Example 2 (immersion method) 150 g of Koshihikari rice paddy that had been sterilized and air-dried after specific gravity selection
Was dipped in 2 L of a 2% (w / v) starch aqueous solution, and then filtered on a 10.5 mesh sieve, and drained. 70 g of a composition containing cellulose as an ingredient [powdered cellulose (Vitacel: Miki Sangyo): hydrous silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth = 20: 1: 4) was applied to this paddy, and it was not applied to the paddy with a 10.5 mesh sieve. After the composition containing cellulose was removed, it was air-dried at room temperature to obtain 200 g of Koshihikari rice coated with 25% by weight of the composition containing cellulose.

Example 3 2% (w / v) of a composition containing cellulose (crystalline cellulose: hydrated silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth = 20: 1: 4) was added to Koshihikari paddy that had been seed-disinfected and air-dried after specific gravity selection. ) Using a corn starch aqueous solution, the coating amount was 6.4% (Sample No. 1) and 9.4% (Sample N) using a CF granulator.
o.2), 12.0% (Sample No. 3) was coated. The coated paddy was seeded on a germination bed (absorbent cotton + paper towel / polyethylene weighing dish) with 25 pieces of each sampled pad and the germination number and the length of the shoot on the 7th day were examined. As a control, uncoated rice was inoculated at the same time. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0022]

[Table 1]

From Table 1, it was found that the rice coated with the composition containing cellulose had a higher germination rate and a longer bud length than the control group. In addition, the standard deviation of the length of buds was smaller in the coated rice seeds, and the coated rice seeds were also excellent in synchrony.

Example 4 After a specific gravity selection, seeds were disinfected and air-dried Koshihikari rice paddy was mixed with 2% (w / v) of a composition containing cellulose (crystalline cellulose: hydrated silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth = 20: 1: 4). ) A corn starch aqueous solution was used, and 10% and 50% coating amounts were applied by a CF granulator, respectively. This coated paddy was sown on the nursery to raise seedlings. On the other hand, as a control group, seed rice was subjected to specific gravity selection, disinfection, soaking, and sprouting by a conventional method, and then seeded on a nursery to raise seedlings. Each seedling was transplanted, and its growth was observed using the changes in plant height, number of stems, and leaf age as indicators. The results are shown in Table 2. In addition, Table 3 shows the results of examining the harvest amount.

[0025]

[Table 2] As shown in Table 2, the growth (rice height, number of stems, leaf age) of the paddy coated with the composition containing cellulose was almost the same as that of the control group.

[0026]

[Table 3] Weight of brown rice per 10 ares As shown in Table 3, the yield of brown rice was increased by 4% in the coated 10% group and 6% in the coated 50% group as compared with the control group.

Example 5 A composition containing cellulose as an ingredient with respect to 300 g of beet seeds (crystalline cellulose: hydrated silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth = 20: 1:
4) and binder (2% (w / v) corn starch aqueous solution) are used, and the coating amount is 10% (70 g), 20% by a CF granulator.
(85g), 50% (120g), 100% (170g) coated beet seeds were obtained. 182 seeds each of 20% and 50% coated beet seeds and uncoated beet seeds were sown in a paper pot, and planted 56 days after seeding. Table 4 shows the germination number 9 days after sowing and the total root weight (addition weight of n = 20) 65 days after planting.

[0028]

[Table 4] As shown in Table 4, the number of germination is 20% compared to the control group.
The increase was 7% in the group and 13% in the coating 50% group. In addition, in the root weight, compared with the control group, 10% in the 20% coated group, 50% coated
It increased by 26% in each group.

Example 6 In Example 5, the amount of beet seeds was changed to 1020 g, and the composition containing cellulose was replaced with crystalline cellulose: hydrous silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth = 20: 1: 2, and the binder (2% (w / v) corn starch aqueous solution) was used to obtain 1618 g of coated beet seeds having a coating amount of 59% by a CF granulator.

Example 7 100 g of lawn seeds (western grass for garden) and 20 g of a composition containing cellulose (crystalline cellulose: hydrated silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth = 20: 1: 4) were mixed in a 1 L container, and further 2 % (W / v)
Add 100 g of corn starch aqueous solution and 100 g of water and mix. This was spread on an aluminum batter and dried by air blowing overnight to obtain 121 g of 20% by weight coated lawn seeds.

Example 8 150 g of lawn seeds, 60 g of a composition containing cellulose (crystalline cellulose: hydrated silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth = 20: 1: 4) and a 2% (w / v) corn starch aqueous solution were used and centrifuged. The coating was performed with a fluidized granulator to obtain 180 g of 20% by weight coated lawn seeds.

Example 9 50 muskmelon seeds were soaked in 100 mL of a 2% (w / v) corn starch aqueous solution, and then filtered on a 10.5 mesh sieve,
Drain. To this seed, 2 g of a composition containing cellulose as an ingredient (crystalline cellulose: hydrous silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth: precipitated calcium carbonate = 20: 1: 2: 1) is applied by spraying (the composition is sieved with a 30-mesh sieve to apply). Then, the composition not spread on the seeds is removed with a 10.5 mesh sieve, and then air-dried at room temperature. Fifty 20% by weight coated melon seeds were obtained.

Example 10 Koshihikari rice paddy 100, which had been seed-disinfected and air-dried after specific gravity selection
g, a composition containing cellulose [crystalline cellulose:
Hydrous silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth = 20: 1: 4) 20g and calcium peroxide (Calper powder granules 16: Hodogaya Chemical) 200g] 220g and CF granulation using 2% (w / v) corn starch aqueous solution By the apparatus, 300 g of coated rice (A) coated with 200% by weight based on the rice was obtained.

Example 11 Koshihikari rice paddy 100, which had been seed-disinfected and air-dried after specific gravity selection
g, a composition of cellulose [a mixture of 75 g of (crystalline cellulose: hydrous silicon dioxide: diatomaceous earth = 20: 1: 4) and 150 g of calcium peroxide] 225 g and 2% (w / v) corn starch aqueous solution Using a CF granulator, 300 g of coated rice (B) coated with 200% by weight of the rice was obtained. On the other hand, after specific gravity selection, seeds were disinfected and air-dried Koshihikari paddy 100 g, calcium peroxide powder 210 g and 2% (w /
v) 300 g of coated paddy coated with 200% by weight of the paddy using a corn starch aqueous solution and a CF granulator.
(C) was obtained. The coated paddy (A) (produced in Example 10), the coated paddy (B), the coated paddy (C) and the uncoated paddy (D) were converted into vermiculite-peat moss (3:
2) Seed in a 400 mL balance dish, and sow 1
The plant height (n = 5) after a week was examined. The result is (D) 33m
With respect to m, (A) 64 mm, (B) 68 mm, (C) 54 mm.

[0035]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The seed rice coated with the composition containing cellulose as the main component of the present invention can save labor for raising seedlings of rice because seeding and sprouting can be omitted in the preparation of rice (seed). In addition, it is preferable from the viewpoint of the environment as well because no waste liquid is generated in the soaked seed in which the disinfectant has dissolved from the seed disinfected seed. In addition, the paddy, beet, turf, melon and the like coated with the composition containing cellulose as the main component of the present invention not only improve the germination rate but also grow well. Particularly, in rice, rooting strength (planting rate) and seedling nutritional status (seedling sugar content) at the time of transplanting seedlings are improved. Further, in cereals such as rice and root vegetables such as beets, it is expected that the yield is increased and the taste and sugar content are improved.

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. A seed pad pretreatment method characterized by coating disinfected paddy with a composition containing cellulose after specific gravity selection. 2. The seed paddy pretreatment method according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains one or more additives selected from silica gel, diatomaceous earth, alum, calcium carbonate and monosaccharides. 3. The seed paddy pretreatment method according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose is crystalline cellulose or powdered cellulose. 4. The seed paddy pretreatment method according to claim 1, wherein the silica gel is hydrous silicon dioxide or anhydrous silicon dioxide. 5. The seed paddy pretreatment method according to claim 1, wherein the monosaccharide is glucose. 6. The seed paddy pretreatment method according to claim 1, wherein the composition is a composition containing a binder made of starch. 7. A seed coated with a composition comprising cellulose. 8. The coated seed according to claim 7, wherein the composition contains one or more additives selected from silica gel, diatomaceous earth, alum, calcium carbonate, calcium peroxide, and monosaccharides. 9. The coated seed according to claim 7, wherein the cellulose is crystalline cellulose or powdered cellulose. 10. The coated seed according to claim 7, wherein the silica gel is hydrous silicon dioxide or anhydrous silicon dioxide. 11. The monosaccharide is glucose, wherein the glucose is glucose.
The coated seed according to item 1. 12. The coated seed according to claim 7, wherein the composition is a composition containing a binder made of starch. 13. A seed coating composition containing cellulose as a component. 14. The composition for seed coating according to claim 13, wherein the composition contains one or more additives selected from silica gel, diatomaceous earth, alum, calcium carbonate, calcium peroxide and monosaccharides. . 15. The seed coating composition according to claim 13, wherein the cellulose is crystalline cellulose or powdered cellulose. 16. The seed coating composition according to claim 13, wherein the silica gel is hydrous silicon dioxide or anhydrous silicon dioxide. 17. The monosaccharide is glucose, wherein the monosaccharide is glucose.
The composition for seed coating according to item 6. 18. The seed coating composition according to claim 13, wherein the composition contains a binder made of starch.