JP2003311610A - Grinder, and grinding method using it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a grinder and a grinding method using it for performing rough machining and finishing inexpensively, easily, and highly accurately using a conventional grinder and measuring the shape of a workpiece on a machine inexpensively, easily, and precisely. <P>SOLUTION: The grinder 10 has a spindle 12 disposed rotatably in a fixed frame 11 and a grinding member 13 mounted with the shaft core aligned to the spindle 12, and polishes the workpiece 16 with the grinding member 13. The grinding method using the grinder comprises a first process for applying the rough machining to the workpiece 16 using a grinding wheel 27 for rough machining of the grinding member 13, a second process for finishing the workpiece 16 using a grinding wheel 23 for finishing of the grinding member 13 disposed concentrically, and a third process for measuring the surface roughness of the workpiece 16 after the polishing with a roughness gauge 17 mounted to a fixed frame 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a grinding machine for polishing a workpiece and a grinding method using the grinding machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when a workpiece such as a metal material is polished by a grinder (a surface grinder), first, a rough grindstone attached to a spindle is used to rough the workpiece. I was going. Then, the roughing grindstone attached to the spindle is replaced with a finishing grindstone having finer particles than the grindstone to finish the workpiece. For this reason, there is a problem that it takes time and effort to replace the grindstone on the spindle, and the wobble of the grindstone occurs at the time of replacement, which deteriorates the processing accuracy of the workpiece. In order to solve such problems, prepare a grinding machine for roughing with a grindstone for roughing and a grinding machine for finishing with a grindstone for finishing, and use each grinder to process Rough machining of the workpiece by roughing and finishing the object or by preparing a grinder equipped with multiple spindles and attaching a grinding stone for finishing and a grinding stone for finishing to each spindle. And finish processing. It should be noted that the measurement of the surface roughness of the workpiece after finishing is usually performed in a state where the workpiece is mounted on the chuck of the grinding machine. Therefore, this measurement is generally performed using a touch probe provided on a grinding machine, a laser displacement meter, or a special contact type linear gauge in which the contact pressure on the workpiece during measurement is reduced by air. .

[0003]

However, the above grinding machine has the following problems. If a grinder for roughing with a grindstone for roughing and a grinder for finishing with a grindstone for finishing are prepared as the grinders, the number of grinders installed will increase. The equipment cost is high and it is not economical, and the workability is poor because it is necessary to change the work piece from the roughing grinder to the finishing grinder. In addition, when a grinder having a plurality of spindles is prepared, the price of the grinder becomes higher than that of a grinder having one spindle, which is not economical. Here, since a grinder having one spindle that has been used conventionally is used, it is conceivable to provide a plurality of spindles on this, but in this case it is necessary to modify the grinder, which is costly and economical. Not relevant. And, regarding the measurement of the surface roughness of the work piece, when the touch probe is used, it is difficult to continuously measure the shape of the work piece, and when the laser displacement meter is used, There are problems that the measured values vary greatly depending on the surface accuracy and it is difficult to perform accurate measurements, and that when a contact type linear gauge is used, the introduction of the device is very expensive. The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by using a conventional grinding machine, it is possible to consistently perform high-precision roughing and finishing at low cost and easily, and at low cost on the machine. An object of the present invention is to provide a grinding machine and a grinding method using the grinding machine, which can easily and precisely measure the shape of a workpiece.

[0004]

A grinding machine according to the present invention, which has the above-mentioned object, has a main shaft rotatably provided on a fixed frame, and a grinding member attached to the main shaft with its axis aligned. In a grinder that polishes an object to be processed by a grinding member, the grinding member includes a roughing grindstone that is concentrically arranged and that performs roughing, and a finishing grindstone that performs finishing. Accordingly, in a state in which the workpiece is installed on the grinder, the workpiece can be roughly processed by the roughing grindstone, and then the finishing can be continuously performed by the finishing grindstone. Here, in the grinding machine according to the present invention, it is preferable that a surface roughness meter is provided in the moving range of the workpiece of the fixed frame. Thus, for example, the shape of the work piece can be accurately measured with a simple and inexpensive structure without moving the work piece that has been polished. In the grinder according to the present invention, the roughing grindstone and the finishing grindstone are preferably arranged with a gap therebetween. As a result, for example, it is possible to prevent the roughing grindstone from coming into contact with the part where the finishing process is completed.

A grinding method using a grinder according to the present invention, which meets the above-mentioned object, comprises a first step of subjecting a workpiece to rough machining using a roughing grindstone, and a workpiece after the first step is completed. To
By the second step of finishing using the grindstone for finishing provided on the same main spindle, and by the surface roughness meter attached to the fixed frame on which the main spindle is rotatable after the second step And a third step of measuring the surface roughness of the workpiece after polishing. As a result, with the work piece installed on the grinder, the work piece is roughly machined with the roughing grindstone, and then the finishing work is performed with the finishing grindstone. The surface roughness of the workpiece can be measured with a surface roughness meter. In the grinding method using the grinder according to the present invention, it is preferable that the program of the processing procedure of the first step is used in the second step. As a result, it is possible to perform the polishing process on the workpiece without individually creating a program for each processing procedure of the first process and the second process.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, referring to the attached drawings, an embodiment in which the present invention is embodied will be described to provide an understanding of the present invention. Here, FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a usage state of a grinding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of a spindle portion of the grinding machine.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a grinding machine 10 (a surface grinding machine) according to an embodiment of the present invention is a grinding machine 10.
Has a main shaft 12 rotatably provided on a fixed frame 11 provided on the upper part of the machine, and a grinding member 13 attached to the main shaft 12 with its axis aligned. The grinding member 13 fixes the grinding machine 10 by the grinding member 13. The workpiece 16 fixed on the table 14 by the chuck 15 is polished. In addition,
This grinder 10 is NC controlled, and automatically starts and finishes polishing of the workpiece 16 by a series of programs. Further, in this embodiment, the fixed base 14 on which the workpiece 16 is mounted and fixed is configured to move relative to the grinding member 13. The details will be described below.

Below the fixed frame 11, the work piece 16
Range of movement, that is, near the spindle 12 (from the base end of the spindle 12,
In a range of 100 mm, for example, a stylus 18 of a surface roughness meter 17 using a conventionally known stylus method is detachably provided. The stylus 18 is a detector having a small tip radius of 2, 5, 10 μm, for example, and is the work piece 16
The cross-sectional figure of the unevenness of the polished surface, that is, the cross-sectional curve is enlarged and recorded, and the numerical data of the shape is obtained using this. The stylus 18 can be fixed and attached to the fixed frame 11 in advance.

The spindle shaft 19, which is a part of the main shaft 12 provided on the fixed frame 11, has a diameter reduced from the base portion to the front portion, and is driven at a high speed by a motor (not shown) provided on the fixed frame 11. The rotation can be performed.
This spindle shaft 19 has a spindle shaft 19 at the center.
A grindstone receiving member 21 having a through hole 20 having an inclined surface capable of abutting with is fitted in and fixed so as not to rotate. On one side (left side) of the whetstone receiving member 21, there is arranged a finishing whetstone 23 having a V-face shape, which is circular when viewed from the front and has a through hole 22 which can be attached to the spindle shaft 19 in the central portion. ing. Finishing grindstone 23
On one side (left side), a partition member 25 made of, for example, stainless steel having a through hole 24 in the central portion is arranged, and further outside of the partition member 25, a circular shape when viewed from the front and penetrating the central portion. A V-face-shaped roughing grindstone 27 having holes 26 is arranged.

As described above, since the partition member 25 is arranged between the finishing grindstone 23 and the roughing grindstone 27, the finishing grindstone 23 and the roughing grindstone 27 are separated from each other by the partitioning member. Depending on the thickness of 25, for example, 10 to 10
It is placed with a gap of 0 mm. Roughing grindstone 2
A holding member 28 is arranged on one side (left side) of the holding member 7, and a fixing portion 29 is attached to the central portion of the holding member 28. The other side (right side) of this fixing portion 29 is the pressing member 2
8 is projected from the other side surface, and this projected portion is
It is fitted into the through hole 26 of the roughing grindstone 27. In addition, a through hole 31 having a step portion 30 is provided in the thickness direction of the fixing portion 29, and a bolt 32 is provided in the through hole 31.
Is inserted. The bolt 32 has an enlarged diameter portion 33 on the base side, and is screwed to a female screw portion provided in the axial direction of the spindle shaft 19. Therefore, the other side (right side) surface of the expanded diameter portion 33 and the step portion 30 of the fixed portion 29 are brought into contact with each other, and the bolt 32 is attached to the spindle shaft 19 by a spanner,
The spindle shaft 19 of the whetstone receiving member 21, the finishing whetstone 23, the partitioning member 25, the roughing whetstone 27, and the pressing member 28 is rotated and tightened by using a monkey or the like.
It can be attached to the spindle shaft 19 while being prevented from rotating. The bolt 32 and the spindle shaft 19 form the main shaft 12.

Thus, the finishing grindstone 23 for finishing the workpiece 16 and the roughing grindstone 27 for roughing can be arranged on the same axis (concentric) of the main shaft 12. The above-mentioned grindstone receiving member 21 and partition member 2
Since 5 and the pressing member 28 are circular when viewed from the front, eccentricity can be prevented when the main shaft 12 rotates. Further, the configuration of the mounting portions of the finishing grindstone 23 and the roughing grindstone 27 to the spindle shaft 19 may be other configurations. For example, a female screw portion may be provided in the through hole 31 of the fixing portion 29, and a male screw portion that is screwed into the female screw portion may be provided in the expanded diameter portion 33 of the bolt 32, or the expanded diameter portion 33 of the bolt 32 may be polygonal when viewed from the front. The pressing member and the bolt can be integrated by forming the through hole 31 of the fixing portion 29 into a shape corresponding to this polygonal shape. Alternatively, a bolt having an enlarged diameter portion that comes into contact with one surface (left side) of the pressing member 28 may be used. As a result, during polishing,
It is possible to more reliably prevent the pressing member from rotating with respect to the bolt.

The finishing grindstone 23 is arranged on the base side of the main shaft 12 in consideration of the fact that the base side of the main shaft 12 is less affected by tilting of the shaft than the front side. In consideration of the processing accuracy of the workpiece 16, the spindle 1
It is also possible to arrange the roughing grindstone 27 and the finishing grindstone 23 in order from the base side of No. 2. Furthermore,
The finishing grindstone 23 and the roughing grindstone 27 are not flat grindstones having a V-face-shaped polished portion, but flat grindstones depending on the shape and size of the workpiece 16 to be ground. It is also possible to use, and it is also possible to use a V-face shaped grindstone and a flat grindstone in combination.

Next, a grinding method using a grinding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 using the grinding machine 10 described above. First, on the same main spindle 12 of the grinder 10, the finishing grindstone 23 and the roughing grindstone 2 are provided.
7 and 7 in order, and tighten the bolt 32 to the spindle shaft 19 by turning it with a wrench, monkey, etc.
A grinding stone 23 for finishing and a grinding stone 27 for roughing are integrally fixed to the spindle shaft 19. At this time, the stylus 18 of the surface roughness meter 17 is attached to the fixed frame 11. In this way, after the preparation of the grinding machine 10 is completed, from the start of polishing of the workpiece 16 to the end of polishing, each program for roughing and finishing, which is a processing procedure, and surface roughening, which is a measurement procedure, are performed. It is automatically performed by NC control using a series of programs including a measurement program.

After the fixed table 14 is moved to the polishing start position,
A roughing grindstone 2 for the workpiece 16 according to a roughing program which is a processing procedure for roughing the workpiece 16.
Rough machining is performed using No. 7 (above, 1st process). After the first step is finished, the roughing grindstone 2 at the start of the first step
The fixing base 14 is moved by a distance corresponding to the distance between the roughing grindstone 27 and the finishing grindstone 23 so that the finishing grindstone 23 is arranged at the polishing start position of 7. After that, the finishing machining program, which is the same machining procedure as the rough machining program executed in the first step, is executed, and the finish processing grindstone 23 is used for the workpiece 16 for which the first step is completed. Finishing is applied. As a machining procedure, it is also possible to use a program different from the rough machining program for the finishing machining program. Also,
Between the finishing grindstone 23 and the roughing grindstone 27,
Since the partition member 25 is arranged in advance, for example, it is possible to prevent the roughing grindstone 27 from coming into contact with the processed portion of the workpiece 16 which has been finished (for example, the second step).

After completion of the second step, the distance between the whetstone 23 for finishing and the stylus 18 is adjusted so that the stylus 18 attached to the fixed frame 11 contacts the surface of the workpiece 16 after polishing. The fixed base 14 moves by the distance. After that, the stylus 18 moves on the surface of the workpiece 16 according to a surface roughness measuring program that is a measurement procedure, and the surface roughness of the workpiece 16 is measured. The minute shape of the workpiece 16 may be measured using the stylus 18, and the large shape may be measured using the scale attached to the grinder 10. In this case, these two measurement results are By combining them, precise shape measurement values of the workpiece 16 can be obtained in a short time. Further, as the surface roughness measuring program which is the measuring procedure, the same program as the roughing processing and the finishing processing which is the processing procedure can be used, but different programs may be used. It is of course possible to perform roughing and finishing with a series of programs using the same program, and manually perform only surface roughness measurement (above, the third step). Thus, without removing the work piece 16 from the fixed base 14 and without replacing the roughing grindstone 27 with the finishing grindstone 23, the grinding of the work piece 16 to the measurement of the surface roughness is performed. Since a series of programs can be performed up to, workability is good, and work time can be shortened, which is economical.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the structure described in the above embodiment, but is described in the scope of claims. Other embodiments and modifications that are conceivable within the scope of the matters described above are also included. For example, the present invention is also applied to the case where the grinding machine of the present invention and the grinding method using the same are configured by combining some or all of the respective embodiments and modifications described above. In the above embodiment, the case where the roughing grindstone and the finishing grindstone, which are grinding members, are arranged with a gap left between them is described. However, it is also possible to provide the side portions of the two working grindstones in contact with each other without providing a gap between the roughing grindstone and the finishing grindstone. As described above, the grinding member in which the adjacent processing grindstones are brought into contact with each other is suitable, for example, when polishing a workpiece whose surface is in a flat state. By moving the object, the finishing process can be performed as it is after the roughing process is completed.
In this case, since the roughing grindstone comes into contact with the workpiece first and the consumption amount of the particles attached to the roughing grindstone becomes large, the outer diameters of the roughing grindstone and the finishing grindstone are made substantially the same. Also,
The surface of the workpiece can be polished with a finishing stone. For this reason, polishing of the workpiece can be performed with one cut (feed) of the grinding member. Therefore, in this case, after the rough machining program is finished, the finishing machining program can be executed as it is without activating the finishing machining program, and the working time can be shortened.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the fixed table on which the workpiece is placed and fixed is configured to move relative to the grinding member. Of course, it is also possible to move and polish the workpiece. And in the said embodiment, the case where the grinding member was comprised with two grindstones for a roughing grindstone and a finishing grindstone was demonstrated, For example, the material of a to-be-processed material, a size, grinding | polishing The grinding member may be composed of three or more (plural) processing grindstones in consideration of the state, the polishing accuracy required as a product, and the like. At this time, the partition member described above may be arranged between the adjacent processing grindstones, or the side portions of the adjacent processing grindstones may be brought into contact with each other. In addition, it is preferable to determine the particles attached to each processing grindstone in consideration of the material, size, polishing state, and accuracy required for the product.

[0018]

According to the grinding machine of claims 1 to 3 and the grinding method using the grinding machine of claims 4 and 5,
With the workpiece placed on the grinder, roughing of the workpiece can be performed with the roughing grindstone, and then finishing can be performed with the finishing grindstone. As a result, as in the conventional case, after the rough machining of the workpiece is completed, it is possible to continuously perform the finishing machining without replacing the machining grindstone attached to the spindle, so that the workability is good, and It is possible to prevent the whetstone for machining that has occurred during replacement,
The processing accuracy of the work piece can be improved. Moreover, since the polishing of the workpiece can be performed by one grinder without preparing a grinder for roughing and a grinder for finishing, the equipment cost can be reduced and
The workability is good because there is no need to replace the work piece on the table grinder. Further, since the grinder provided with one spindle that has been used conventionally can be utilized, new facility investment is not required and it is economical. Particularly, in the grinding machine according to the second aspect, it is economical because the shape of the work piece can be precisely measured with a cheap and simple structure without moving the work piece that has been polished. . In the grinding machine according to claim 3, for example, since it is possible to prevent the roughing grindstone from coming into contact with the portion where the finishing process is completed, it is not necessary to redo the finishing process, and the workability during the polishing process is improved. Become.

In the grinding method using the grinding machine according to the fourth and fifth aspects, in the state where the workpiece is installed on the grinding machine,
After polishing the work piece, the surface roughness of the work piece after the polishing work can be measured with a surface roughness meter. As a result, it is possible to consistently perform from the polishing process of the workpiece to the shape measurement in the state of being installed in the grinder, so that the workability is good and the working time can be shortened. In the grinding method using the grinding machine according to claim 5, since it is possible to perform the polishing process on the workpiece without individually creating a program for each of the machining procedures of the first step and the second step, It is economical because the time required for preparation for polishing is shortened.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a usage state of a grinding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of a spindle portion of the grinding machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

10: Grinder, 11: Fixed frame, 12: Spindle, 1
3: Grinding member, 14: Fixed base, 15: Chuck, 16:
Work piece, 17: Surface roughness meter, 18: Stylus, 19: Spindle shaft, 20: Through hole, 21: Grindstone receiving member, 22:
Through hole, 23: Whetstone for finishing, 24: Through hole, 2
5: Partition member, 26: Through hole, 27: Grinding stone for rough processing,
28: pressing member, 29: fixed portion, 30: stepped portion, 3
1: Through hole, 32: Bolt, 33: Expanded part

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A grinding machine having a main shaft rotatably provided on a fixed frame, and a grinding member attached to the main shaft with its axis aligned with each other, wherein the grinding member grinds a workpiece. The grinding member includes a roughing grindstone that is concentrically arranged and that performs roughing, and a finishing grindstone that performs finishing. 2. The grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein a surface roughness meter is provided in a moving range of the workpiece of the fixed frame. 3. The grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein the roughing grindstone and the finishing grindstone are arranged with a gap therebetween. Board. 4. A grindstone for finishing, which is provided on the same main spindle as a first step of performing a roughing process on a workpiece using a grindstone for roughing, and a workpiece on which the first step has been finished. And a second step of performing a finishing process by using a surface roughness meter attached to a fixed frame on which the spindle is rotatably provided after the second process is finished, and the surface of the workpiece after the polishing process is performed. And a third step of measuring roughness, which is a grinding method using a grinding machine. 5. A grinding method using a grinding machine according to claim 4, wherein a program of a machining procedure of the first step is used in the second step. Grinding method.