JP2003300803A - Blight injury-controlling agent composition and controlling method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a controlling agent composition and to provide a controlling method having high effect on blight injuries of crops for agriculture and horticulture. <P>SOLUTION: The blight injuries-controlling agent composition of crops for agriculture and horticulture comprises at least one kind of microorganism belonging to the genus Cladsporium and at least one kind of microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus. A controlling method for the blight is also provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant disease controlling composition comprising a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladsporium and a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, and a microorganism belonging to both genera. The present invention relates to a method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises mixing

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, synthetic fungicides have been used for various diseases of agricultural and horticultural crops.

On the other hand, in recent years, biopesticides have been attracting attention as a means to be used in place of or in combination with the control by synthetic bactericides, because they have very little environmental pollution, are harmonized with the ecosystem, and have excellent control effects. Microorganisms that have been used for disease control of such agricultural and horticultural crops include Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp., Bacillus spp., And agricultural and horticultural fungicide compositions containing these microbes so far. Many things have been researched and developed.

For example, as to bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-273470 discloses that Bacillus.
Subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) JB3 strain (NC
IB12375), Bacillus subtilis JB3.6 strain (NCIB12376), Bacillus subtilis R1
Strains (NCIB12616), or antibacterial substances obtained from these mutants suppress plant diseases, microbial infections of animals and humans, etc., and further suppress general microbial contamination, and cultures of the above strains Attempts have been made to control diseases of agricultural and horticultural crops by using.

Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 22222/1990 discloses the above-mentioned Bacillus subtilis JB.
Antibacterial substances obtained from 3 strains (NCIB12375), Bacillus subtilis JB3.6 strain (NCIB12376), Bacillus subtilis R1 strain (NCIB12616), or mutants thereof, etc. are isolated and used as agricultural or horticultural crops. Attempts have been made to use it for disease control.

However, the method of controlling diseases of agricultural and horticultural crops using such bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus has not been sufficient.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to prevent plant diseases such as various agricultural and horticultural crops, particularly gray mold and sclerotium. With a constant excellent control ability, a plant disease control agent composition having a stable and high effect, and to provide a plant disease control method of treating plants and / or soil using the same. To do.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted extensive studies and as a result, as a result, the genus Cladsporiu which is resident in flower organs of common beans and eggplants.
It was found that a high control effect can be obtained by mixing a microorganism belonging to m) with a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, and has completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention is, firstly, a plant disease characterized by containing at least one kind of microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladsporium and at least one kind of microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus. Provided is a pesticide composition. Moreover, the plant disease controlling composition of the present invention can be used particularly advantageously against gray mold and sclerotia.

Secondly, the present invention is a method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises mixing at least one microorganism belonging to the genus Cladsporium and at least one microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus. I will provide a. In addition, the method for controlling plant diseases of the present invention can be used particularly advantageously against gray mold and sclerotia.

In the first and second inventions, the microorganism belonging to the genus Cladsporium is Cladosporium cladosporium.
porium cladosporioides). In addition, as a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus (Bacillus),
It is preferably Bacillus subtilis.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention is described in detail below. The present invention is directed to the genus Cladosporiu
m) and at least one microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus (Bac
illus), a composition for controlling plant diseases such as agricultural and horticultural crops, which contains at least one kind of microorganism belonging to the genus, and at least one kind of microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium and the genus Bacillus ( Bacillus)
This is a method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises using at least one kind of microorganism belonging to the genus, and can be used particularly advantageously against gray mold and sclerotia. In the present invention, “mixed use” means that each component is used at the same time, and there is no particular limitation on the order of addition of each component, the addition method, and the like.

The microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium isolated from the natural world. Cladosporium c
ladosporioides) (FERM P-18797) is preferred.

Further, the genus Bacillus (Ba
The microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus (Bacillus) isolated from the natural world is not particularly limited, but Bacillus subtilis (Ba
Cillus subtilis) is preferred.

As these microorganisms, those grown by known means such as solid and liquid culture can be used, and as long as the cells can grow, they are particularly limited to the type of medium and culture conditions. There is no such thing. Further, in the present invention,
In addition to the cells themselves, they can be used in the form of a suspension, a culture solution, or a concentrate as a processed product thereof, a paste, a dried product, a diluted product, or the like.

The concentration of the microorganism in the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when diluted 500 to 2000 times, the microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium is
Converted to conidia concentration, usually 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10
³ cfu / ml, preferably 1 × 10 ⁸ to 1 × 10 ⁴ cf
The weight part of u / ml, the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus (Bacillus) is converted into the bacterial cell concentration and is usually 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1
× 10 ⁴ cfu / ml, preferably 1 × 10 ⁹ to 1 × 10
It is a weight part of ⁶ cfu / ml.

The plant disease controlling composition of the present invention can be produced by mixing the microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium and the microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus at a predetermined ratio.

The plant diseases such as agricultural and horticultural crops which can be controlled by the present invention are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include potato, azuki bean, kidney bean, peas, cabbage,
Plant diseases such as lettuce, pumpkin, cucumber, perilla, pepper, tomato, eggplant, strawberry, onion, oyster, ume, pear, peach, apple, grape, citrus can be mentioned. Among such plant diseases, it can be used particularly advantageously against gray mold and sclerotia.

The plant disease controlling composition for agricultural and horticultural crops of the present invention can be formulated into a form in which ordinary pesticides can be used, for example, powders, wettable powders, emulsions, flowables, granules and the like. it can. Such formulations usually include a carrier, a surfactant,
It can be produced by a conventional method by adding a dispersant, an adjuvant and the like.

Examples of the carrier include solid carriers such as diatomaceous earth, clay, talc, bentonite, white carbon, kaolin, vermiculite, slaked lime, silica sand, ammonium sulfate and urea. Examples of the surfactant and the dispersant include polyoxyethylene-added alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene-added alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene-added higher fatty acid ester, and polyoxyethylene-added sorbitan higher fatty acid ester. , Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene-added tristyryl phenyl ether,
Polyoxyethylene-added alkyl phenyl ether sulfuric acid ester salt, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid metal salt, higher alcohol sulfuric acid ester salt, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium lignin sulfonate, formaldehyde condensate of sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, isobutylene- Examples thereof include a copolymer of maleic anhydride. In addition, examples of the auxiliary agent include carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, gum arabic, starch, lactose and the like.

The emulsion is, for example, lyophilized conidiospores of the genus Cladosporium or cultured and cultivated on a solid medium, and the conidia of the genus Cladosporium are collected in an organic solvent containing a surfactant. It can be obtained by preparing a suspension mixed therein.

The surfactant is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit germination and growth of conidia. Specific examples thereof include polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene glycol monolaurate, and polyethylene glycol monooleate, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. .

Examples of the organic solvent include vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil and safflower oil; spindle oil, heavy white oil, light white oil, mineral spirits, mineral terpenes, naphthenes. Mineral oils such as oil, paraffin oil, machine oil for agricultural chemicals; silicone oil and the like. You may use these individually by 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.

As a method for preparing a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, a dried product may be prepared by a drying method such as freeze-drying, ventilation drying or spray drying, and a humectant may be added to prepare a dried product.

The moisturizer is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as a moisturizer in food additives and the like. For example, natural polysaccharides such as gum arabic, pullulan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, soabi gum, alginic acid and the like. , Oligosaccharides, inorganic substances such as aluminum silicate,
Polyhydric alcohols such as polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and their polymers, synthetic water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, etc., cellulose derivatives such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose. Examples thereof include sucrose fatty acid esters in which sucrose and fatty acids of various fats and oils are ester-bonded, phosphoric acid such as pyrophosphoric acid, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium metaphosphate, and phosphates.

The obtained plant disease controlling composition is a method for spraying agricultural and horticultural crops in the same manner as ordinary chemical pesticides, and / or
Or the disease of agricultural and horticultural crops,
Particularly, Botrytis cinerea and sclerotium disease can be effectively controlled.

In the case of spraying agricultural and horticultural crops, the composition of the present invention is diluted with an appropriate amount of water before use. Usually, it is converted to the conidia concentration of a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium, and is usually 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10 ³ c.
fu / ml, preferably 1 × 10 ⁸ to 1 × 10 ⁴ cfu /
It is in the ml range. In addition, it is usually 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 in terms of cell concentration of a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus.
× 10 ⁴ cfu / ml, preferably 1 × 10 ⁹ to 1 × 10
It is a weight part of ⁶ cfu / ml.

Next, the method for controlling plant diseases of the present invention will be described. The control method of the present invention is characterized in that at least one kind of microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium and at least one kind of microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus are mixed.

As a method of mixing, microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium and Bacillus genus
(llus) is not particularly limited as long as it can be mixed with a microorganism belonging to. For example, microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium and Bacillus
us) and a composition containing a microorganism belonging to
Contains a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium (or a composition containing the microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium) and a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus (or a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus) And a method of mixing the composition) with each other at the time of use. In the above method, the plant disease controlling composition of the present invention described above can be used.

The genus Cladospo used
As the microorganism belonging to rium) and its use form, the same ones as listed in the description of the composition of the present invention can be used. Also, Clados
The concentration of microorganisms belonging to the genus Clados (Clados) is not particularly limited, but in the case of spraying treatment, the genus Clados
porium), in terms of conidia concentration of the microorganism, usually 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10 ³ cfu / ml, preferably 1
It is in the range of × 10 ⁸ to 1 × 10 ⁴ cfu / ml.

As the usage form of the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, the same ones as listed in the description of the composition of the present invention can be used.
The concentration of the microorganism is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10 ⁴ cfu / ml, preferably 1 in terms of the cell concentration of the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus.
It is a part by weight of x10 ⁹ to 1 x 10 ⁶ cfu / ml.

The method for controlling plant diseases according to the present invention is a method of applying a spray treatment to agricultural and horticultural crops in the same manner as ordinary chemical pesticides, and / or
Or the disease of agricultural and horticultural crops,
Particularly, Botrytis cinerea and sclerotium disease can be effectively controlled.

[0033]

EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and cladsporium is within the scope of the gist of the present invention. The type of microorganism belonging to the genus (Cladosporium) and the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus (Bacillus), the composition ratio of the preparation, the dosage form and the like can be freely changed. In the following examples, Cladosporium cladosporioides was used as the microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium. This is the deposited microorganism FERM P-18797 of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Organism Depositary. In addition, as a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus (Bacillus), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis, manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) was used.

A) Production of plant disease control composition for agricultural and horticultural crops (Example 1) Conidial suspension of microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium (1 × 10 ⁹ cfu / m 2)
l) 2 ml of spore pellet, 1 part by weight of diatomaceous earth and 1 part by weight of clay were uniformly mixed. 1 g of conidial preparation of the obtained microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium
And 1 g of Botokiller wettable powder were uniformly mixed to obtain a desired composition. In the composition, Cladosporium (Clados
porium) has conidia of 5.0 × 10 ⁸ c
fu / g, the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus (Bacillus),
It contained 5.0 × 10 ¹⁰ cfu / g.

B) Control effect test of plant disease controlling agent composition for agricultural and horticultural crops (1) Chemical treatment method The composition obtained in Example 1 was diluted 500 times with tap water to prepare a treatment liquid. . The treatment liquid was sprayed on green beans. The amount of water sprayed was 250 L / 10a, and the number of sprays was 3 times.

(2) Survey method Seven days after the third spraying, all strains were surveyed according to the following criteria, and the disease severity and control value were calculated. 0: No disease 0.5: Pod, less than 1/4 of the whole plant centered on the stem 1) Pod, 1/4 of the whole plant centered on the stem 2: Disease 2 / pod, centered on the stem 1 / 2 is diseased 3: pods, 3/4 of all strains centered on stalks are affected 4: pods, all strains centered on stalks Disease severity = Σ (Illness index by degree x number of strains) / (4 x number of surveyed strains ) × 100

As is clear from Table 1, Cladosporium cladospor
ioides) (FERM P-18797) and Botokiller wettable powder (Bacillus subtilis)
The control results against green mold of kidney bean with the mixed use of the above showed a higher control value than the case of using each single agent.

[0038]

[Table 1]

*: (Colby's formula) E = x + y-x
Xy / 100 E is the concentration of active substances A and B in concentrations m and n
When used in 1., the expected efficacy (control value) is expressed in% with respect to the untreated (control). x is
When the active ingredient A is used at a concentration m, the expected efficacy (control value) is expressed in%. Also, y is
When the active ingredient B is used at a concentration of n, the expected efficacy (control value) is expressed in%.

As is clear from Table 1, the control effect of Cladosporium cladsporioides FERMP-18797 and Botokiller wettable powder on the green bean mold of kidney bean is higher than that of a single agent. The value was shown.

[0041]

As described above, according to the present invention, by mixing the microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium with the microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus, various plants such as agricultural and horticultural crops can be mixed. Provided is a plant control composition which has a constant and excellent control ability against diseases, particularly gray mold and sclerotia. A method for effectively controlling plant diseases, particularly gray mold and sclerotium diseases, is provided by applying such a plant control composition to plants such as various agricultural and horticultural crops or soil.

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C12R 1:01)

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. At least one microorganism belonging to the genus Cladsporium and the genus Bacillus.
A plant disease control agent composition comprising at least one microorganism belonging to 2. The microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium is Clados.
porium cladosporioides), The composition for controlling plant diseases according to claim 1. 3. The microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis.
Alternatively, the plant disease controlling composition according to item 2. 4. The microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium is Clados.
porium cladosporioides) FERM P-18797, The plant disease controlling composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. The plant disease controlling agent is a gray mold controlling agent and / or a sclerotia controlling agent.
7. A plant disease controlling composition according to any one of 1. 6. At least one microorganism belonging to the genus Cladsporium and the genus Bacillus.
A method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises treating plants and / or soil with at least one microorganism belonging to 7. The microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium is Clados
porium cladosporioides), The method for controlling plant diseases according to claim 6. 8. The microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis.
Alternatively, the method for controlling plant diseases according to item 7. 9. The microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium is Cladospori.
um cladosporioides) FERM P-18797, The method for controlling plant diseases according to any one of claims 6 to 8. 10. The method for controlling plant diseases according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the method for controlling plant diseases is a control agent for gray mold and / or a method for controlling sclerotium.