JP2003286491A - Method and apparatus for reforming heavy oil - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for reforming a heavy oil, in which the heavy oil is reacted with supercritical water to be decomposed to light oil so as to be utilized for a gas turbine fuel and the like, wherein heavy components in the heavy oil and metals such as of porphyrin complexes, metal oxides and the like can be easily separated and removed from a reformate. <P>SOLUTION: The method for reforming a heavy oil having a reaction process, in which the heavy oil is reacted with supercritical water in a reactor 1 to be decomposed to be reformed, comprises a heating process for converting the heavy components contained in the reformate obtained in the reaction process to coke in a heater 4; and a collecting process for separating the coke produced in the heating process and the metals attached to the coke from the reformate in a solid collector 5. The coke and metals are separated and removed from the reformate using a filter or the like in the collecting process. Both process and equipment are very simple since only the heating process and solid collecting process need to be provided after the reaction process for reacting the heavy oil with supercritical water. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a reformer for cracking heavy oil by reacting it with supercritical water and reforming it, and in particular, removing heavy components and metals from the reformed oil. The present invention relates to a modification method and a modification method suitable for

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heavy oil having a high viscosity and containing a large amount of sulfur and heavy metals cannot be used as it is as a gas turbine power generation fuel. Therefore, a method of lightening heavy oil, performing desulfurization and demetallization for reforming and converting it into a useful energy source is disclosed in JP-A-11-80750 and JP-A-2000-109850.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-109851 and the like.

All of the prior arts have, as a basic structure, a step of reacting supercritical water with heavy oil, or adding alkali-added water such as sodium (Na) and heavy oil at 20 MPa or more at about 400 ° C. Point: 374 ° C, 22.1MP
a) The process of reacting under the reaction conditions of thermal decomposition / hydrolysis, the decompression process of decompressing the generated reaction product, the product after decompression is cooled, and separated into gas, light oil, residue, water, etc. It includes a water separation step.

[0004]

In the prior art, it is necessary to supply an additive in order to convert the substance to be removed into a metal salt or metal oxide. Further, depressurization and cooling steps are required.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for reacting a heavy oil with supercritical water to reform and lighten it, so that metals and heavy components contained in the heavy oil can be easily removed from the reformed oil. It can be removed.

[0006]

The present invention is a method for reforming heavy oil, which comprises a reaction step of reacting heavy oil with supercritical water to decompose and reform the heavy oil. It is characterized by including a heating step for converting heavy components contained in the heavy oil into coke.

Further, in a method for reforming heavy oil, which comprises a reaction step of reacting heavy oil with supercritical water to decompose and reform it, in the heavy oil contained in the reformed oil obtained in the reaction step, The method is characterized by including a heating step for converting the coke into coke, and a collection step for separating the coke generated in the heating step and the metals bound to the coke from the reformed oil.

The heavy oil reforming apparatus of the present invention comprises a reactor for reacting the heavy oil with supercritical water to decompose and reform, and heating the reformed oil obtained in the reactor. And a heater for converting heavy components contained in the reformed oil into coke.
More preferably, a reactor for reacting heavy oil with supercritical water to decompose and reform, and a reformed oil obtained in the reactor are heated to coke heavy components contained in the reformed oil. And a collector for separating the coke generated in the heater and the metals bound to the coke from the reformed oil.

The heavy oil reforming apparatus of the present invention also comprises a reactor for reacting the heavy oil with supercritical water to decompose and reform it, and to heat the reformed oil obtained in the reactor to heat the reformed oil. A heater for converting heavy components contained in the reformed oil into coke, and a collection for separating the coke generated in the heater and the metals bound to the coke from the reformed oil And a coke to the collector in a state where the supply of the heavy oil and the supercritical water to the reactor is stopped and the transfer of the reformed oil obtained in the collector to the outside is stopped. A cleaning liquid supply device for supplying a cleaning liquid for removing metals, and a discharge device for discharging the coke and metals taken into the cleaning liquid by supplying the cleaning liquid to the outside of the collector together with the cleaning liquid. It is characterized by having.

According to the present invention, a mixture of heavy oil and supercritical water is sent to a reactor by a carrier pipe, and the reformed oil reformed by reacting the heavy oil and supercritical water in the reactor is reformed. The reformed oil containing coke generated by converting heavy components in the reformed oil by the transport pipe is sent to the heater by the transport pipe, and is sent to the collector by the transport pipe. In the heavy oil reforming apparatus, the coke and the metals bound to the coke are separated from the reformed oil, and only the reformed oil is transferred to the outside of the collector by a transfer pipe. A cleaning liquid supply pipe is connected in the middle of the transfer pipe for transferring the reformed oil in the collector to the outside, and branched in the middle of the transfer pipe for supplying the mixture of heavy oil and supercritical water to the reactor. From the position where the cleaning liquid supply pipe is connected by a transfer pipe for connecting the pipe and for transferring the reformed oil in the collector to the outside. A valve for stopping the transportation of the reformed oil is provided on the downstream side, and a carrier pipe for transporting the mixture of the supercritical water and the heavy oil to the reactor is more than a position where the branch pipe is connected. A valve for stopping the transportation of the mixture is provided on the upstream side, and the supply of the cleaning liquid and the withdrawal of the reformed oil from the branch pipe are performed with the two valves closed.

The reformed oil obtained by the heavy oil reforming apparatus of the present invention can be used, for example, as a fuel for generating power for driving a generator in a gas turbine power generation system.

According to the present invention, since metals are trapped in the coke produced from a part of the heavy oil, it is not necessary to add a new substance for trapping, and the running cost can be reduced. In addition, since the coke that has captured the metals is a solid substance, it does not mix with the reformed fuel like an aqueous solution, and can be easily separated and removed. For this reason, the reforming apparatus of the present invention includes a collector for collecting solid coke, such as a filter, a branch system for separating the collected coke from the reformate transport system, and a branch for coke. It is possible to adopt a configuration having a cleaning system for supplying gas or liquid to be sent to the system. It is also possible to supply an oxidant for oxidatively decomposing the coke.

In the reaction step, it is 0.2 with respect to the weight of heavy oil.
5 to 2 times supercritical water, preferably 400 to 593
It is desirable to supply supercritical water at a temperature of about 23 to 25 MPa.

Further, in the reaction step, in order to accelerate the decomposition reaction of the residual oil, it is possible to add an alkali metal or fill a decomposition catalyst or the like.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a heavy oil reforming apparatus according to the present invention. In the present embodiment, a heavy oil supply pump 31 that supplies heavy oil, an oil preheater 41 that heats the heavy oil, a water supply pump 30 that pressurizes water and water that heats the water to a supercritical state. By the preheater 40,
Heavy oil and supercritical water are supplied to the reactor 1, and mixed and reacted. At this time, a system for supplying the oxidizing agent and other additives to the reactor 1 may be added.

In the reactor 1, heavy oil reacts with supercritical water to decompose and reform, thereby producing hydrocarbon gas, lightened oil, heavy components, and metal compounds such as porphyrin and metal oxides. However, these products are dissolved in supercritical water and reformed oil 100
Becomes A part of the heavy components of the product is converted into coke and exists in the reformed oil in a non-dissolved state. The reformed oil 100 obtained in the reactor 1 is then conveyed to the heater 4 located downstream of the reactor 1.

The heater 4 is heated by the heater 6 to raise the temperature of the reformed oil to 450 ° C. or higher. By this heating, most of the heavy components contained in the reformed oil 100 are converted into coke which is a solid hydrocarbon. Metals contained in the reformate also combine with the coke and are separated from the reformate. The reformed oil is then conveyed to the solid collector 5 provided downstream of the heater 4.

The solid collector 5 is provided with a filter or other solid collecting member, and solidified coke is separated from the reformed oil, and at the same time, metals bound to the coke are also collected from the reformed oil. To be separated. The reformed oil from which the coke and the metals have been separated and removed is transported to various applications as the fuel oil 101.

In this embodiment, the fuel oil 101 is fed to the combustor 50.
The system for supplying electricity to and burning it and driving the gas turbine 51 by the combustion gas to generate electricity. Fuel oil 101
It is also possible to provide a system in which the electricity is supplied to the boiler and used for power generation or power. Further, a system for supplying the fuel oil 101 to the engine, or a system for cooling and depressurizing the fuel oil 101 to make it a product that can be transferred to a fuel consuming region is possible.

In this embodiment, a cleaning liquid supply device for supplying the cleaning liquid to the reformed oil carrier pipe downstream of the solid collector 5 is provided. The cleaning liquid supply device is a cleaning liquid supply pump 3
2, a cleaning liquid supply pipe 8 and a valve 14. A valve 12 is provided downstream of the position where the cleaning liquid supply pipe 8 is connected by a transfer pipe that transfers the reformed oil to the outside of the solid collector 5. A valve 1 is provided on a carrier pipe for supplying a mixture of heavy oil and supercritical water to the reactor 1.
1 is provided. Then, in the carrier pipe for supplying the mixture of the heavy oil and the supercritical water to the reactor 1, in the system closed by the valve 11 and the valve 12 downstream from the position where the valve 11 is provided. A discharge device is provided for discharging substances such as reformed oil, cleaning liquid, coke, and metals present in the. This discharge device is composed of a branch pipe 7 and a valve 13 in this embodiment.

When the cleaning liquid is supplied through the cleaning liquid supply pipe, the valve 11 upstream of the reactor 1 and the valve 12 downstream of the solid collector 5 are closed to temporarily stop the reforming.
Then, the coke and metals attached to the solid collector 5 are peeled off and discharged from the branch pipe 7. In this embodiment,
Hydrogen peroxide solution is used as the cleaning liquid 103, and the heat exchanger 5
It is preheated at 2 and then added to the reformed oil. It is also possible to use another gas or liquid as the cleaning liquid 103. When hydrogen peroxide water is used as the cleaning liquid, coke is oxidatively decomposed by the hydrogen peroxide water to become water and carbon dioxide, and the emission substance 102 containing the removed metal oxides is discharged. After the discharging operation for a certain period of time, the valves 14 and 13 are closed, the valves 11 and 12 are opened, and the heavy oil reforming is restarted.

As shown in this example, in addition to the method of intermittently operating the discharge of coke from the outside of the system, a plurality of solid collectors 5 are provided from the reactor 1 to the coke discharge operation one by one. By doing so, a method of continuously performing heavy oil reforming is also possible. In this case, it is desirable to install a differential pressure gauge 9 for detecting the differential pressure of the reformed oil flowing through the conveying pipes in front of and behind the solid collector 5 and perform cleaning from the one having a large differential pressure. In this embodiment, the gas turbine exhaust gas passes through the heat exchanger 52 and then is exhausted from the chimney 53.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the structure from the reactor 1 to the solid collector 5. Valve 17 and valve 16
When the heavy oil and supercritical water are supplied to the reactor 1 by opening the
It is configured to collide from the front and promotes mixing of heavy oil and supercritical water. As a result, the reaction rate of heavy oil and supercritical water is increased, and the reformer can be downsized.

The output of the heater 6 is adjusted to adjust the temperature of the heater 4. As a result, it is possible to suppress excessive coke generation due to a temperature rise, and to prevent a reduction in metal removal performance due to a temperature reduction of the reformed oil.

A filter 18 is used for the solid collector 5 to separate the coke in which the metal is captured from the reformed oil 100. Further, the solid collector 5 can also make the flow vertically upward and separate the coke and the fuel oil 101 by gravity. Further, by using the filter and the vertically upward piping together, it is possible to efficiently prevent the coke from mixing with the fuel oil 101.

The results of a test example for removing metals from heavy oil in the system of this embodiment are shown below. In this test example, a test for removing vanadium in heavy oil was conducted.
The initial vanadium concentration in heavy oil is 18 wtppm.
Heavy oil is heated to 60 ° C in a tank and pumped to 1
While supplying at 4 g / min, it was heated to 350 ° C. by a heater and supplied to the reactor 1. 16g / of water by water pump
It was heated to 550 ° C. by a heater while being transported in minutes, and supplied to the reactor 1 as supercritical water. The reactor is 390 ℃ -25
The heavy oil was supercritically processed at a liquid-based space velocity of 10 h −1 at a pressure of MPa to generate a reformed fuel. The reformed fuel is introduced into the heater 4, heated to 450 ° C. by a heater, and treated at a liquid-based space velocity of 10 h-1 to give 0.5 g.
Coke was generated at / min. The coke generated by the heater 4 was collected by the solid collector 5 and became a scavenger for the metal in the heavy oil.

The reformed fuel produced by the above operation was cooled and collected under reduced pressure, and its composition was investigated. Gaseous matter at room temperature is H
₂ , CO, CO ₂ , C1-C4 hydrocarbons, and the light oil was C5 or higher hydrocarbons.

A reaction mechanism prediction diagram of a vanadium (V) compound, which is a typical metal contained in heavy oil at this time, is shown in FIG. (1) of FIG. 3 shows the CO production reaction by the partial oxidation reaction, (2) shows the H ₂ production reaction by the shift reaction of water and CO, and (3) shows the reaction of (2). ₂ shows a reaction in which H ₂ generated in step 1 decomposes the vanadium compound. Vanadium in heavy oil is contained in a cyclic hydrocarbon such as porphyrin as shown in (3) of FIG. 3, and vanadium in the molecule is taken out when H ₂ destroys the cyclic structure. This reaction reduces vanadium in the light oil to 0.4 ppm, and the calorific value of the reformed fuel is 450
It became 00 kJ / kg. Also, supercritical water amount / heavy oil amount =
The vanadium content in the light oil was 0.4 ppm even when the space velocity was changed from 0.25 to 2 (with the same liquid-based space velocity). Table 1 shows the composition of the fuel after reforming and the balance of vanadium.
It was shown to. 4.6 wt% of heavy oil is changed to coke,
It was confirmed that 98.1% of vanadium could be collected in this coke and removed from the reformed oil 100.

[0030]

[Table 1]

FIG. 4 shows the results of examining the vanadium concentration contained in the fuel oil 101 when only the temperature of the heater 4 was changed. When the temperature of the heater 4 exceeds a certain temperature, vanadium is captured due to the formation of coke, and the fuel oil 1
The vanadium concentration in 01 decreased.

From this test result, it was confirmed that the metals contained in the heavy oil can be efficiently and easily removed by the examples of the present invention.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 5 shows another system for removing metals from heavy oil using supercritical water according to the present invention. In this system, heavy oil and supercritical water are supplied to the reactor 1, mixed and reacted, and the reformed oil 100 is supplied to the reactor 1.
Is conveyed to a heater 4 located downstream of the heater 4, and a solid collector 5 is provided downstream of the heater 4. The solid coke is separated from the reformed oil by a filter or another solid collector. At the same time, in the process of reaching from the heater 4 to the solid collector 5, the coke and the metals decomposed in the reactor 1 combine to remove the metals from the reformed oil and remove the metals. The system of the removed reformed oil until it is provided as the fuel oil 101 is the same as that of the first embodiment. Further, in the solid collector 5, the coke separated from the reformed oil 100 is carried by the cleaning liquid 103 and discharged from the branch pipe 7 to the outside of the system, which is also the same as in the first embodiment.

In the second embodiment, the heater 4 does not have a heater. A feature is that the heat of reaction in the partial oxidation of oil is used to obtain the temperature for producing coke from the heavy components in the reformed oil 100. For this reason, a part of the cleaning liquid 103 is branched from the cleaning liquid supply pipe 8 for supplying the hydrogen peroxide solution which is the cleaning liquid 103, and the oxidizing agent supply system 2 for supplying the hydrogen peroxide water upstream of the heater 4 is provided. . During heavy oil reforming, the valve 15 is opened and hydrogen peroxide water is added to the reformed oil 100.
To partially oxidize the oil and raise the temperature of the reformed oil in the heater 4 by the generated heat of reaction. The chemical for oil oxidation supplied to the heater 4 is not limited to hydrogen peroxide solution, and various oxidizing agents can be used. Further, the temperature of the heater 4 is monitored, or the coke generation amount is monitored by the differential pressure in the solid collecting step, and the oxidant supply amount is controlled based on these monitored values.
It is very effective.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 6 shows a power generation system using a method for removing metal from heavy oil by supercritical water according to the present invention. In this system, heavy oil and supercritical water are supplied to the reactor 1, mixed and reacted, and the reformed oil 100 is conveyed to the heater 4 located downstream of the reactor 1 and the heater 4
A solid collector 5 is provided downstream of the solidified coke, and the solidified coke is separated from the reformed oil by a filter or another solid collector, and at the same time, the heater 4 reaches the solid collector 5. At this time, the coke and the metals decomposed in the reactor 1 are combined to remove the metals from the reformed oil, and the reformed oil from which the metals have been removed is provided as the fuel oil 101. The system up to is the same as that of the second embodiment. Further, in the solid collector 5, the coke separated from the reformed oil is carried by the cleaning liquid 103 and discharged from the branch pipe 7 to the outside of the system, which is also the same as in the second embodiment.

In the third embodiment, the water preheater 40 and the oil preheater 4
1 does not have a heat exchanger 52 using the exhaust heat of the gas turbine
It is characterized by heating heavy oil and water respectively. Therefore, heavy oil heating pipe 6 for heating heavy oil and water
0, it has a supercritical water production pipe 61. The heavy oil is heated by the heat exchanger 52 and then supplied to the reactor 1 through the heavy oil supply pipe 20. Supercritical water is supplied to the reactor 1 through a supercritical water supply pipe equipped with a valve 25 after heating the water in the heat exchanger 52 to make it into a supercritical state. The exhaust gas heat of the gas turbine is recovered by the heat exchanger 52, and then the chimney 53 is passed through the pipe 111.
More exhausted.

The heat exchanger 52 absorbs heat from the exhaust gas flowing through the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas pipe 110 into heavy oil and water to recover it, thereby omitting the water preheater 40 and the oil preheater 41 and effectively utilizing exhaust heat. it can. Further, a steam heating pipe 62 is installed, and exhaust steam of the steam turbine 54 is condensed by the condenser 55,
It is also effective to pressurize the condensed water 104 with a pump, heat it with the heat exchanger 52, and supply and drive it to the steam turbine 54. This enables highly efficient power generation by a combined cycle that combines a steam turbine and a gas turbine.

[0038]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a deoiled reformed oil from a heavy oil. The present invention provides a system for reforming heavy oil with supercritical water, a heating unit for heating the reformed oil, and a solid collecting unit such as a filter for separating solid metals from the reformed oil. Since it only needs to be provided, demetalization can be performed with extremely simple equipment. The reformed oil obtained by the heavy oil reforming apparatus of the present invention can be used as a gas turbine fuel. Moreover, if the exhaust heat of the gas turbine is used for the reaction between supercritical water and heavy oil, a highly efficient power generation system becomes possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a gas turbine power generation system including a heavy oil reforming apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a detailed configuration from a reactor to a solid collector.

FIG. 3 is a prediction diagram of a vanadium removal reaction mechanism in heavy oil.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of vanadium concentration in reformed oil on heating temperature.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the heavy oil reforming apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of a power generation system including the reforming device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Reactor, 2 ... Oxidant supply system, 4 ... Heater, 5 ... Solid collector, 6 ... Heating heater, 7 ... Branch pipe, 8 ... Cleaning liquid supply pipe, 9 ... Differential pressure gauge, 11, 12, 13 , 14 ... Valve,
18 ... Filter, 20 ... Heavy oil supply pipe, 21 ... Supercritical water supply pipe, 32 ... Cleaning liquid supply pump, 40 ... Water preheater, 4
1 ... Oil preheater, 50 ... Combustor, 51 ... Gas turbine, 5
2 ... Heat exchanger, 54 ... Steam turbine, 60 ... Heavy oil heating pipe, 61 ... Supercritical water production pipe, 62 ... Steam heating pipe,
100 ... Reformed oil, 101 ... Fuel oil, 102 ... Exhaust substances,
103 ... Cleaning liquid.

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Tomohiko Miyamoto             2-12-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture             Ceremony Company Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Jun Morihara             2-12-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture             Ceremony Company Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Shinichi Inage             2-12-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture             Ceremony Company Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiromi Koizumi             2-12-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture             Ceremony Company Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Akinori Hayashi             2-12-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture             Ceremony Company Hitachi, Ltd. F-term (reference) 4H029 AA11 AB05 AB06 AB07 AB08                       AB10 AB11 AB13 AD01 AE22

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A heavy oil reforming method comprising a reaction step of reacting heavy oil with supercritical water to decompose and reform the heavy oil, wherein the heavy component contained in the reformed oil obtained in the reaction step. A method for reforming heavy oil, comprising a heating step for converting the oil into coke. 2. A heavy oil reforming method having a reaction step of reacting heavy oil with supercritical water to decompose and reform the heavy oil, wherein the heavy component contained in the reformed oil obtained in the reaction step. And a coke produced in the heating step and a collecting step for separating the metals bound to the coke from the reformed oil. Oil reforming method. 3. A reactor for decomposing and reforming heavy oil by reacting it with supercritical water, and heating the reformed oil obtained in the reactor to heat the heavy oil contained in the reformed oil. A reformer for heavy oil, comprising: a heater for converting minutes into coke. 4. A reactor that decomposes and reforms heavy oil by reacting it with supercritical water, and heats the reformed oil obtained in the reactor to remove heavy components contained in the reformed oil. A heater for converting to coke, and a collector for separating the coke generated by the heater and the metals bound to the coke from the reformed oil. Heavy oil reformer. 5. A reactor for reacting heavy oil with supercritical water to decompose and reform it, and to heat the reformed oil obtained in the reactor to remove heavy components contained in the reformed oil. A heater for converting into coke, a collector for separating the coke generated in the heater and the metals bound to the coke from the reformate, and a heavy oil to the reactor And supplying a cleaning liquid for removing coke and metals to the collector while stopping the supply of supercritical water and stopping the transfer of the reformed oil obtained in the collector to the outside. A cleaning liquid supply device, and a discharge device for discharging the coke and metals taken into the cleaning liquid by supplying the cleaning liquid to the outside of the collector together with the cleaning liquid. Reformer. 6. A mixture of heavy oil and supercritical water is sent to a reactor by a carrier pipe, and the reformed oil reformed by the reaction of the heavy oil and supercritical water in the reactor is carried by the carrier pipe. Sent to the heater by
The heavy oil in the reformed oil is converted by the heater, and the reformed oil containing coke produced by the conversion is sent to a collector by a carrier pipe.
A heavy oil reformer in which the coke and the metals bound to the coke are separated from the reformed oil by the collector and only the reformed oil is transferred to the outside of the collector by a carrier pipe. In the quality device, a cleaning liquid supply pipe is connected in the middle of a transfer pipe for transferring the reformed oil in the collector to the outside, and a transfer for supplying a mixture of the heavy oil and supercritical water to the reactor. A branch pipe is connected in the middle of the pipe, and a reforming oil is conveyed downstream from the position where the cleaning liquid supply pipe is connected by a conveying pipe for discharging the reforming oil in the collector to the outside. A valve for stopping is provided, and a transport pipe for transporting the mixture of the supercritical water and the heavy oil to the reactor stops the transport of the mixture upstream of the position where the branch pipe is connected. A valve for controlling the supply of the cleaning liquid and the branching with the two valves closed. Reformer of heavy oil, characterized in that the extraction of modifier-liquid is to be performed from. 7. A heavy oil reforming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the reformed oil reformed by the reforming apparatus is burned as a fuel to drive a generator. A power generation system characterized in that it is configured to generate power for use.