JP2003262304A - Superheated steam system and waste treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the efficiency of heat recovery from exhaust steam of a superheated steam system used for carbonization of waste or the like. <P>SOLUTION: The superheated steam system comprises a saturated steam generator 1 for heating a given quantity of internally stored water to generate saturated steam, a first superheater 12 for superheating the saturated steam generated by the saturated steam generator 1, a pump 13 for drawing in, compressing and discharging the superheated steam superheated by the first superheater 12, a second superheater 14 for superheating the superheated steam discharged from the pump 13 and pressurized by the pump 13, a treatment chamber 5 for leading in the superheated steam superheated by the second superheater 14, treating a target of treatment in the chamber and exhausting waste steam after the treatment, and a heat exchanger for effecting heat exchange between the waste steam exhausted from the treatment chamber 5 and the water in the saturated steam generator 1. The condensation temperature of the waste steam in the heat exchanger 8 can be increased beyond the evaporation temperature of the water in the saturated steam generator 1, so that the efficiency of heat recovery from the exhaust steam can be improved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is mainly composed of a superheated steam system for heat-treating an object to be treated using low-pressure superheated steam of 1 atm to 2 atm, and a water-containing organic substance using this superheated steam system. The present invention relates to a waste treatment system for treating waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional superheated steam system (waste treatment system) of this type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-1926.
70 are disclosed.

A conventional superheated steam system (waste treatment system) will be described below with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 5, reference numeral 1 is a saturated steam generator for generating saturated steam, and a saturated steam generator heater installed in the saturated steam generator 1 for storing a predetermined amount of water in the saturated steam generator 1. It is heated by 2 to generate saturated steam at about 100 ° C. 3 is a superheater, a saturated steam generator 1
The saturated steam generated in step 2 is superheated into superheated steam. Reference numeral 4 is a pressure adjusting valve, which adjusts the pressure of the superheated steam superheated by the superheater 3 from 1 atm to 2 atm.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a treatment cabinet, which introduces superheated steam whose pressure is regulated by the pressure regulating valve 4 to treat the organic waste in the cabinet at a high temperature in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state to thermally decompose the organic waste. The waste steam whose temperature has dropped due to the thermal decomposition treatment of is discharged. Reference numeral 6 denotes a separation / recovery device, which separates the contaminants from the waste steam flowing out from the processing chamber 5 and collects the contaminants on the tray 7.
Reference numeral 8 denotes a heat exchanger arranged in water in the saturated steam generator 1, and heat-exchanges the waste steam after the contaminants are separated in the separation / recovery device 6 and the water in the saturated steam generator 1.

The operation of the conventional superheated steam system (waste treatment system) configured as described above will be described below.

The water sent to the saturated steam generator 1 is heated by the saturated steam generating heater 2 to become saturated steam at about 100 ° C. and sent to the superheater 3. Saturated steam is superheater 3
Is further heated to become superheated steam, and the pressure is adjusted from 1 atm to 2 atm by the pressure adjusting valve 4 and sent to the processing chamber 5.

Then, the superheated steam treats the organic waste contained in the processing chamber 5 at a high temperature in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state to thermally decompose it. At this time, the temperature is lowered by an amount corresponding to the energy used in the processing, and the energy is discharged from the processing chamber 5.

The waste vapor that has flowed out is separated into contaminants by the separation / recovery device 6, and the contaminants are recovered in the tray 7, while the other vapors flow into the heat exchanger 8. At this time, in the heat exchanger 8, the waste steam is heat-exchanged with the water or steam in the saturated steam generator 1, and a part of the waste heat of the waste steam is used for the heat energy for the saturated steam generation. Energy is saved by collecting them.

As described above, in the conventional superheated steam system (waste treatment system), the waste is treated using the low pressure superheated steam of 1 to 2 atm, and thus the waste is treated with a simple pressure resistant structure. Waste is reused as fertilizer and activated carbon by reducing and deodorizing, carbonizing waste, and suppressing dioxin generation and carbon dioxide generation in the treatment process, efficiently and in a low environmental load in a short time. Waste is dried, carbonized, and recycled.

[0011]

However, in the conventional superheated steam system (waste treatment system), the pressure of the exhaust steam flowing in the heat exchanger 8 is lower than the pressure of the saturated steam generated in the saturated steam generator 1. Since the temperature becomes low, the temperature difference between the exhaust steam inside the heat exchanger 8 and the water or steam inside the saturated steam generator 1 outside the heat exchanger 8 is small, and the efficiency of heat recovery of the exhaust steam is low. There were challenges.

An object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of heat recovery of exhaust steam of a superheated steam system (waste treatment system).

Further, in the conventional waste treatment system, the hydrogen gas contained in the exhaust steam after the waste treatment is wastefully discarded, which is a problem in terms of environment and effective use of resources.

It is an object of the present invention to effectively utilize the hydrogen gas contained in the exhaust steam after waste treatment.

[0015]

To achieve the above object, the invention of a superheated steam system according to claim 1 of the present invention is to generate saturated steam by heating a predetermined amount of water stored therein to generate saturated steam. And a first superheater that superheats the saturated steam generated by the saturated steam generator, a pump that sucks and compresses and discharges the superheated steam that is superheated by the first superheater, and the pump that is discharged from the pump A second superheater that superheats the superheated steam whose pressure has been increased by a pump, and the superheated steam that has been superheated by the second superheater is introduced to treat the object to be treated in the storage It is composed of a processing chamber for discharging and a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the waste steam discharged from the processing chamber and the water in the saturated steam generator.

In the above structure, the water in the saturated steam generator is heated to generate saturated steam, and the saturated steam is sent to the first superheater and superheated in the first superheater to generate superheated steam. The superheated steam is sucked into the pump, is compressed in the pump, is discharged in a state where the pressure is increased, is sent to the second superheater, and is further heated to a predetermined temperature by the second superheater for processing. After being introduced into the storage chamber, the processing target is processed in the processing chamber, the waste steam after processing is discharged from the processing chamber, flows into the heat exchanger, and in the heat exchanger, heat and water in the saturated steam generator Replace to heat water in saturated steam generator.

In the present invention, since the pressure of the waste steam in the heat exchanger is higher than the pressure of the saturated steam in the saturated steam generator by the action of the pump, the temperature at which the waste steam is condensed in the heat exchanger is saturated steam. It can be higher than the temperature at which the water in the generator evaporates, the latent heat of condensation of the waste steam can be used as the latent heat of evaporation of water, the efficiency of recovering waste heat can be improved, and the waste heat that cannot recover the waste steam can be reduced and water evaporation and steam This has the effect of reducing the energy required for overheating and saving energy.

In the present invention, the superheater is divided into a first superheater and a second superheater, and a pump is arranged between the first superheater and the second superheater. If the pump is placed in a position that sucks in, compresses, and discharges high-temperature superheated steam that has been overheated to the temperature (hundreds of degrees) required for processing in the processing chamber, heat it to several hundreds of degrees. If you have to use a special expensive pump that can withstand, and if you want to place the pump in a position that sucks in and compresses and discharges saturated steam before it is overheated in the superheater, saturated steam before and after the pump Because it is necessary to take measures against the condensed water of saturated steam in the passage and the pump of, the pump is placed between the first superheater and the second superheater, and saturated due to overheating in the first superheater. If steam is heated to over 100 degrees Celsius, the pump will have heat resistance of over 100 degrees, Superheated steam passage from the outlet of one superheater to the inlet of the second superheater can be prevented condensed water is generated back to the saturated vapor.

Further, the invention of the superheated steam system according to claim 2 is the invention of claim 1, wherein the suction side pressure of the pump is less than 1 atm, and in addition to the action of the invention of claim 1, Therefore, even if the discharge side pressure of the pump is a low pressure of 1 atm or more, it is possible to appropriately adjust the temperature difference between the condensation temperature of the waste steam in the heat exchanger and the evaporation temperature of water in the saturated steam generator. Even if the structure on the pump discharge side is not made to have a strong pressure-resistant structure, it is possible to reduce the amount of waste heat that cannot be recovered from the waste steam, and to reduce the energy required for water evaporation and steam overheating, resulting in energy saving.

Further, in the invention of the waste treatment system according to the third aspect, a saturated steam generator which heats water stored in a predetermined amount to generate saturated steam, and a saturation steam generated in the saturated steam generator. A first superheater that superheats steam, a pump that sucks and compresses and discharges superheated steam that has been superheated by the first superheater, and superheats superheated steam that is discharged from the pump and has a pressure increased by the pump. A second superheater, and a treatment cabinet that introduces superheated steam that has been superheated in the second superheater to carbonize the waste mainly containing water-containing organic matter in the cabinet and discharge the waste vapor after the treatment, The heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat between the waste steam discharged from the processing chamber and the water in the saturated steam generator.

In the above structure, the water in the saturated steam generator is heated to generate saturated steam, and the saturated steam is sent to the first superheater and superheated in the first superheater to generate superheated steam. The superheated steam is sucked into the pump, is compressed in the pump, is discharged in a state where the pressure is increased, is sent to the second superheater, and is further heated to a predetermined temperature by the second superheater for processing. Introduced into the storage, the waste mainly consisting of water-containing organic matter is carbonized in the processing storage, the waste steam after processing is discharged from the processing storage, flows into the heat exchanger, and saturated steam is generated in the heat exchanger. The water in the saturated steam generator is heated by exchanging heat with the water in the steam generator.

In the present invention, even if the waste is mixed with metal and organic matter, the waste is treated in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state.
After the treatment, the organic matter can be used as a carbide,
Oxidation of metal is suppressed and reuse is facilitated, and waste having a mixture of metal and organic matter can be easily processed into a recyclable matter.

Further, without circulating the combustible gas generated during the treatment of organic waste to the superheater or the saturated steam generator,
The exhaust heat of the waste steam can be used, and it has an effect that both the prevention of the circulation of the flammable gas generated during the treatment of the organic waste and the contradictory energy saving can be realized.

Further, the invention of a waste treatment system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is, in addition to the invention according to the third aspect, the waste steam after heat exchange with water in the saturated steam generator in the heat exchanger. And a fuel cell for generating electricity using the hydrogen gas separated by the hydrogen gas separation means.

In the above structure, the waste vapor after the treatment discharged from the treatment chamber contains hydrogen gas generated during the treatment of the organic waste and hydrogen gas produced by the water decomposition of the vapor when the superheated steam is used. ing. When the waste steam containing hydrogen gas passes through the heat exchanger, a part of the waste heat is used to heat the water in the saturated steam generator, and then the hydrogen gas is separated by the hydrogen gas separation means and separated from the waste steam. The separated hydrogen gas is introduced into the fuel cell and reacts with oxygen in the air in the fuel cell to become water. Then, when hydrogen and oxygen react to form water, electricity is generated, so that the fuel cell can generate electricity.

In the present invention, in addition to the action of the invention described in claim 3, since the hydrogen gas separated from the waste steam by the hydrogen gas separation means located downstream of the heat exchanger is used to generate electricity in the fuel cell. , It has the effect of being able to create a wide variety of power energy.

[0027]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a superheated steam system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It should be noted that the same components as those of the related art are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 1, 9 is a water amount adjusting valve for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the saturated steam generator 1, 10 is a liquid level sensor for detecting the liquid level of the water in the saturated steam generator 1, and 11 is saturated steam. Saturated steam generator pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the generator 1, 12 is a first superheater, 13 is a pump such as a compressor, 14 is a second superheater, and 15 is the pressure in the heat exchanger 8. Is a pressure sensor in the heat exchanger, 16 is a pressure adjustment valve in the heat exchanger for adjusting the pressure in the heat exchanger 8.

In the superheated steam system of this embodiment, a saturated steam generator 1 which heats water stored in a predetermined amount by a saturated steam generation heater 2 to generate saturated steam, and a saturated steam generator 1 generate the saturated steam. First superheater 12 that superheats the saturated steam, a pump 13 that sucks and compresses and discharges the superheated steam that has been superheated by the first superheater 12, and a superheat that is discharged from the pump 13 and whose pressure is increased by the pump 13. A second superheater 14 that superheats the steam, a treatment chamber 5 that introduces the superheated steam that has been superheated by the second superheater 14 to treat the object to be treated in the chamber, and discharges the waste vapor after the treatment, A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the waste steam discharged from the processing chamber 5 and the water in the saturated steam generator 1 is connected in order.

The water in the saturated steam generator 1 is a liquid level sensor 1 for detecting the liquid level of the water in the saturated steam generator 1.
Based on the detection result of 0, the water amount adjusting valve 9 for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the saturated steam generator 1 is adjusted to supplement the shortage,
The water in the saturated steam generator 1 is kept at a predetermined amount.

The pressure in the saturated steam generator 1 detected by the pressure sensor in the saturated steam generator 11 and the pressure in the heat exchanger 8 detected by the pressure sensor in the heat exchanger 15 are respectively predetermined pressures. The capacity of the pump 13 and the opening degree of the heat exchanger internal pressure adjusting valve 16 are adjusted so that

The operation of the superheated steam system configured as described above will be described below.

After an object to be treated (not shown) is installed in the treatment chamber 5, water is flown into the saturated steam generator 1 and when the saturated steam generating heater 2 reaches a liquid level height where it is completely submerged in water. The water amount adjusting valve 9 is closed by the sensor 10 to stop the supply of water, the energization of the saturated steam generating heater 2 is started, and the water in the saturated steam generator 1 is heated.

Then, the water in the saturated steam generator 1 becomes 100
When the temperature reaches ℃, water evaporates and becomes saturated steam. At this time,
The saturated steam generator internal pressure sensor 11 causes the pump 13 to operate appropriately so that the pressure in the saturated steam generator 1 is stabilized at 1 atmosphere, and at the same time, the saturated steam generator heater 2 is completely immersed in water at the liquid level. The water amount adjusting valve 9 is adjusted by the liquid level sensor 10 so as to keep the liquid level height approximately constant.

In this way, the saturated steam generated under 1 atm flows into the first superheater 12 and is discharged by a heating means (not shown) such as a heater installed in the first superheater 12 It is heated to superheated steam at 150 ° C.

Then, it is sucked into the pump 13, compressed and discharged. At this time, the discharge side of the pump 13 is adjusted by the heat exchanger internal pressure sensor 15 by the heat exchanger internal pressure adjusting valve 16 so as to be stable at a high pressure of about 2 atm.

Since the superheated steam discharged from the pump 13 is higher than the condensation temperature of about 120 ° C. at about 2 atm, it is not condensed and flows into the second superheater 14 as it is. Here, it is further heated by a heating means (not shown) such as a heater installed in the second superheater 14 to become superheated steam at 850 ° C. and sent to the processing chamber 5.

Then, the object to be treated is processed in the processing chamber 5, and is discharged from the processing chamber 5 as waste steam at 800 ° C., and is circulated through the heat exchanger 8. At this time, the waste steam exchanges heat with the 100 ° C. water in the saturated steam generator 1 to lower itself to about 115 ° C. and reaches a saturation temperature of less than 120 ° C. at 2 atm, condensing into water and saturating. The water in the steam generator 1 receives heat from the waste steam and evaporates.

Water at 115 ° C. flows through the heat exchanger internal pressure adjusting valve 16, is discharged from the heat exchanger internal pressure adjusting valve 16, is vaporized under 1 atm, and is released to the atmosphere.

As a result, the waste steam of 850 ° C. to 120 ° C.
By transmitting the sensible heat of steam up to ℃ and the latent heat of condensation at 120 ℃ to the water in the saturated steam generator 1 to be used for evaporation, the input of the saturated steam generating heater 2 can be greatly reduced.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the pump 1
Since the pressure of the waste steam in the heat exchanger 8 becomes higher than the pressure of the saturated steam in the saturated steam generator 1 by the action of 3, the heat exchanger 8
The temperature at which the waste steam condenses inside can be higher than the temperature at which the water in the saturated steam generator 1 evaporates, the latent heat of condensation of the waste steam can be used for the latent heat of evaporation of water, and the efficiency of exhaust heat recovery improves, There is an effect that the amount of waste heat that cannot be recovered can be reduced and the energy required for water evaporation and steam overheating can be reduced, resulting in energy saving.

In the embodiment, the superheater is divided into the first superheater 12 and the second superheater 14, and the pump 13 is divided into the first superheater 12 and the second superheater 14. The pump 13 is placed between the pump 13 and the pump 13 at a position where the high-temperature superheated steam heated to the temperature (several hundreds of degrees) necessary for processing in the processing chamber 5 is sucked, compressed, and discharged. If so, a special expensive pump that can withstand a few hundred degrees of heat must be used, and in the case where the pump 13 is placed at a position where suction and compression of saturated steam before it is overheated by the superheater are made and discharged. If so, it is necessary to take measures against saturated steam condensate in the saturated steam passages and pumps before and after the pump.
If the pump 13 is arranged between the first superheater 12 and the second superheater 14 and the saturated steam is made into superheated steam of a hundred and several tens of degrees by superheating in the first superheater 12, the pump 13 will be Therefore, the heat resistance performance of hundreds of tens of degrees is sufficient, and it is possible to prevent the superheated steam from returning to saturated steam and generating condensed water in the passage from the outlet of the first superheater 12 to the inlet of the second superheater 14.

In the present embodiment, the discharge side pressure of the pump 13 is about 2 atm, and the suction side pressure is equivalent to 1 atm, but the evaporation temperature of water in the saturated steam generator 1 is equal to the heat exchanger 8. The inside of the saturated steam generator 1 and the heat exchanger 8 are pumped by the pump 13 so as to be lower than the condensation temperature of the waste steam in the inside by 10 ° C. or more.
It is enough to make a pressure difference inside.

Further, in the present embodiment, the saturated steam generating heater 2 is used for overheating the water in the saturated steam generator 1, but an external flame type using kerosene or the like may be used.

Further, in the present embodiment, the object to be treated is waste, but the object is not limited to waste and the same energy saving effect can be obtained as long as it is a system for performing heat treatment using superheated steam. For example, if the object is bread, fish, etc., energy can be saved by using the superheated steam system of the present invention for baking and heating.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 2 shows the structure of a superheated steam system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 2, 13 is a pump such as a vacuum pump, and 17 is a check valve for preventing backflow.

In this embodiment, a pump such as a vacuum pump is used as the pump 13 in the first embodiment, and saturated steam is generated between the saturated steam generator 1 and the first superheater 12. A check valve 17 for preventing backflow is provided on the device 1 side, and the other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

The operation of the system configured as described above will be described below.

After the object to be treated is placed in the treatment chamber 5, the water level adjusting valve 9 is used until the liquid level sensor 10 reaches a predetermined liquid level.
Is opened and water is supplied to the saturated steam generator 1. When the predetermined liquid level is reached, the water amount adjusting valve 9 is closed.

Then, the pump 13 is operated to reduce the pressure in the saturated steam generator 1. At this time, if the water in the saturated steam generator 1 evaporates and the liquid level drops, the water amount adjusting valve 9
The saturated steam generation heater 2 is energized to increase the water temperature in the saturated steam generator 1, and a water temperature sensor (not shown) controls
The input of the saturated steam generating heater 2 is adjusted so as to be less than ° C. And the pressure in the saturated steam generator 1 is 30k.
When it becomes Pa, the control of less than 70 ° C. by the water temperature sensor is released, and saturated steam is generated at about 75 ° C.

At this time, the input of the saturated steam generating heater 2 is adjusted by the saturated steam generator pressure sensor 11 so as to maintain the pressure in the saturated steam generator 1 at about 30 kPa. The steam flow rate is controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the pump. At the same time, the water level in the saturated steam generator is adjusted by the water level adjusting valve 9 by the liquid level sensor 10 so as to maintain a predetermined liquid level height.

In this way, under low pressure of 30 kPa, 7
The saturated steam that was vaporized at 5 ° C. is heated by the first superheater 12
By a heating means (not shown) installed inside, 150
It is sucked into the pump 13 as superheated steam at ℃ and sent to the second superheater 14.

At this time, the discharge side of the pump 13 has a pressure equivalent to 1 atm or slightly higher than 1 atm, that is, a pressure in consideration of pressure loss of the pipe or the like until the atmosphere is opened, so that it does not condense and the superheated steam is not condensed. In this state, it is sent to the second superheater 14.

The superheated steam is further heated by the second superheater 14 and becomes superheated steam at 850 ° C. and reaches the processing chamber 5. The object to be treated is treated in the processing chamber 5 to become waste steam at 800 ° C., discharged from the processing chamber 5, and circulated to the heat exchanger 8 corresponding to 1 atm.

At this time, the waste steam exchanges heat with the water at 75 ° C. in the saturated steam generator 1 to lower itself to about 90 ° C.
Since the condensation temperature of water vapor at atmospheric pressure is less than 100 ° C., the water is condensed into water, and the water in the saturated steam generator 1 receives heat from the waste steam and evaporates.

Water at 115 ° C. flows through the heat exchanger internal pressure adjusting valve 16, is discharged from the heat exchanger internal pressure adjusting valve 16, is vaporized under 1 atm, and is discharged to the atmosphere.

As a result, the waste steam from 850 ° C. to 120
By transmitting the sensible heat of steam up to ℃ and the latent heat of condensation at 120 ℃ to the water in the saturated steam generator 1 to be used for evaporation, the input of the saturated steam generating heater 2 can be greatly reduced.

In this embodiment, the suction side pressure of the pump 13 is less than 1 atm, and the discharge side pressure of the pump 13 is a low pressure of 1 atm or more (equivalent to 1 atm or slightly higher than 1 atm. ), The temperature difference between the condensing temperature of the waste steam in the heat exchanger 8 and the evaporation temperature of the water in the saturated steam generator 1 can be appropriately adjusted, and the structure on the discharge side of the pump 13 has a strong pressure resistance. Even without a structure, it is possible to reduce the amount of waste heat that cannot be recovered from the waste steam, reduce the energy required for water evaporation and steam heating, and save energy.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 3 shows the configuration of a waste treatment system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 3, 18 is a condenser for completely liquefying the residual vapor, 19 is a cooling fan for cooling the condenser 18, and 20 is a waste liquid obtained by condensing the waste vapor after treating the waste and a gas component. Is a gas-liquid separator for separating the liquid into a liquid, 21 is a liquid level sensor for detecting the liquid level of the liquid waste in the gas-liquid separator 20, and 22 is a liquid level sensor 21 for measuring the liquid level above the predetermined level. It is a waste liquid control valve that opens to drain the waste liquid when it becomes low.

In this embodiment, a saturated steam generator 1 for heating a predetermined amount of water stored therein to generate saturated steam,
A first superheater 12 that superheats the saturated steam generated in the saturated steam generator 1, a pump 13 that sucks and compresses and discharges the superheated steam that is superheated in the first superheater 12, and a pump 13 that is discharged from the pump 13 The second superheater 14 that superheats the superheated steam whose pressure has been increased by and the superheated steam that has been superheated by the second superheater 14 are introduced to carbonize the waste mainly containing water-containing organic matter in the warehouse. Treatment chamber 5 that discharges waste steam after treatment
And the waste steam discharged from the processing chamber 5 and the saturated steam generator 1
The heat exchanger 8 for exchanging heat with the water inside, and the waste steam after a part of the exhaust heat in the heat exchanger 8 is used to heat the water inside the saturated steam generator 1 are blown by the cooling fan 19. Condenser 18 for liquefying residual vapor by cooling by heat exchange with air
And a gas-liquid separator 20 for gas-liquid separating a waste liquid and a gas component formed by condensing the waste vapor in the condenser 18 in order, and a gas-liquid separator 20 is connected to a liquid outlet pipe of the gas-liquid separator 20. Separator 2
A waste liquid control valve 22 is provided which opens when the liquid level of the waste liquid in 0 becomes higher than a predetermined height.

The operation of the waste treatment system configured as described above will be described below.

After the organic waste alone or the organic waste containing inorganic substances and metals is put in the treatment chamber 5, saturated vapor is generated by the saturated vapor generator 1, and the first vapor is generated by the operation of the pump 13. By passing through the superheater 12 and the second superheater 14, superheated steam at 850 ° C. is generated and passed through the processing chamber 5.

In the treatment chamber 5, the waste is treated in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state, the organic waste is pyrolyzed into a carbide, and the oxidation of the metal and the inorganic is suppressed.

The waste steam after the waste is processed in the processing chamber 5 has a pressure difference between the saturated steam generator 1 and the heat exchanger 8 in the heat exchanger 8, that is, a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the heat exchanger 8. Since the heat is exchanged by utilizing the evaporation and condensation temperature difference of water by the waste steam, the waste steam transfers the latent heat of condensation to the water and steam in the saturated steam generator 1, and the waste steam condenses and liquefies itself to form the condenser 18 Distribute to.

Here, by the operation of the cooling fan 19,
By ventilating the outside air through the condenser 18 to cool it, a small amount of vapor not liquefied in the heat exchanger 8 is completely liquefied and sent to the gas-liquid separator 20 as waste liquid. And the gas-liquid separator 2
At 0, the waste liquid is separated from the gas component, and when the stored waste liquid reaches a predetermined liquid level height or higher by the waste liquid level sensor 21, the waste liquid control valve is opened to drain the waste liquid to the outside.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the processing chamber 5
Even if a metal and an organic substance are mixed in the waste to be carbonized in the above, since it is treated in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state, the organic substance can be used as a carbonized substance in the soil improving material or compost after the treatment, and the metal is not oxidized. It can be suppressed and reused easily, and the waste mixed with metal and organic matter can be easily processed into a recyclable matter.

Furthermore, it is possible to easily separate the combustible gas generated during the treatment of organic waste, and the combustible gas is circulated to the superheaters 12 and 14 having a heating means and the saturated steam generator 1. The risk of ignition can be reduced.

In a system that normally does not circulate, that is, in a system that exhausts the waste steam after treatment, most of the heat quantity of the waste steam is discarded, but in the present embodiment, the exhaust heat of the waste steam can be used, and It is possible to prevent both the circulation of flammable gas during waste treatment and the contradictory energy saving.

In the present embodiment, when the organic waste becomes carbonized, the system is stopped and recycled as charcoal such as activated carbon. Superheated steam may be circulated through the carbonized organic waste to obtain hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas may be used as fuel.

That is, the oxygen molecules in the water molecules of the vapor react with the carbon atoms of the carbide to form carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and along with this, the hydrogen in the water molecules of the vapor separates to generate hydrogen gas. In this case, the carbonized organic matter is decomposed and the carbon content is released, and finally the waste becomes a waste containing a large amount of the contained inorganic matter, and the amount can be greatly reduced.

Further, the use of superheated steam increases the generation amount of hydrogen gas and the like by promoting the decomposition action of steam water as compared with the usual case.

Further, in the present embodiment, the waste is the object to be treated, but a carbon gas such as coal or activated carbon may be treated to obtain hydrogen gas or the like. The obtained hydrogen may be used as a clean fuel for hydrogen-fueled automobiles and other devices that use hydrogen as a fuel.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 4 shows the configuration of a waste treatment system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. The same components as those in the third embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 4, 23 is a gas separator connected to the gas outlet pipe of the gas-liquid separator 20, and separates only hydrogen gas with high purity from the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 20. . Reference numeral 24 denotes a fuel cell, which uses the hydrogen gas separated by the gas separator 23 to generate electricity.

The present embodiment is the same as the waste treatment system of the third embodiment, except that a gas separator 23 for separating only hydrogen gas with high purity from the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 20 and a gas separator 23. The fuel cell 24 for generating electric power by using the hydrogen gas separated in step 3 is added.

In the present embodiment, the hydrogen gas separation means for separating hydrogen gas from the waste steam after heat exchange with the water in the saturated steam generator 1 in the heat exchanger 8 includes a condenser 18 and a gas-liquid separator. It is composed of 20 and a gas separator 23.

The operation of the waste treatment system configured as above will be described below.

The waste vapor after treatment discharged from the treatment chamber 5 contains hydrogen gas generated during the treatment of organic waste and hydrogen gas produced by water decomposition of steam when superheated steam is used. When the waste steam containing the hydrogen gas passes through the heat exchanger 8, a part of the exhaust heat is used for heating the water in the saturated steam generator 1, and then, when passing through the condenser 18, it is blown by the cooling fan 19. The residual vapor is liquefied by heat exchange with the air to be liquefied, and is separated into a waste liquid and a gas component in the gas-liquid separator 20.

The gas separated from the waste liquid in the gas-liquid separator 20 is separated into hydrogen gas and other gases in the gas separator 23, and the separated hydrogen gas flows into the fuel cell 24 and In the battery 24, electricity is generated when it reacts with oxygen in the air to become water, and the fuel cell 2
Generates power at 4. Then, the generated electricity is used as an input of the saturated steam generating heater 2 and the pump 13 of the waste treatment system of the present embodiment, or the heating means of the first superheater 12 and the second superheater 14 is electrically operated. If it is an expression, it may be used to input it. Needless to say, it can be used for other electric devices.

As described above, the use of superheated steam increases the generation amount of hydrogen gas and the like due to the water decomposition of steam as compared with the usual case, and the fuel cell 24 is utilized by utilizing this large amount of generated hydrogen and CO.
A lot of electric power can be obtained by using. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of waste carbonized with a small amount of energy by recovering the exhaust heat and to produce electric energy with a wide range of uses.

In the present embodiment, the fuel cell 24 is of a type that uses only hydrogen as fuel, and therefore the gas separator 23 separates only hydrogen gas.
4 may be of a type in which hydrogen and carbon monoxide are used as fuel, and in this case, a gas separator may be used as long as it can separate hydrogen and carbon monoxide with high purity.

Further, flammable gases of a type that cannot be used for power generation of the fuel cell 24 can be used as fuel for combustion.

Although the object to be treated is waste in the present embodiment, hydrogen gas or the like may be obtained by using a carbide such as coal or activated carbon as an object to be treated and used for fuel cell power generation.

[0087]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a saturated steam generator that heats water stored in a predetermined amount to generate saturated steam, and the saturated steam generator are used. A first superheater that superheats saturated steam, a pump that draws in and compresses and discharges superheated steam that has been superheated by the first superheater, and superheated superheated steam that is discharged from the pump and whose pressure is increased by the pump. A second superheater, a treatment cabinet for introducing the superheated steam superheated in the second superheater to treat the object to be treated in the cabinet and discharging the waste vapor after the treatment, and the treatment cabinet to be discharged from the treatment cabinet By configuring the superheated steam system from the heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the generated waste steam and the water in the saturated steam generator, the temperature at which the waste steam condenses in the heat exchanger is in the saturated steam generator. Can be higher than the temperature at which water evaporates, condensing waste steam Heat can be used to latent heat of evaporation of water, improves the heat recovery efficiency, there is an effect that it becomes energy conservation can reduce the energy required for water vaporization and vapor superheating with waste heat that can not be recovered waste steam can be reduced.

According to the invention of claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, the pressure on the suction side of the pump is less than 1 atm in the invention of claim 1.
Even if the pressure on the discharge side of the pump is a low pressure of 1 atm or more, it is possible to maintain an appropriate temperature difference between the condensation temperature of the waste steam in the heat exchanger and the evaporation temperature of water in the saturated steam generator. Even if the structure on the discharge side is not made to have a strong pressure-resistant structure, it is possible to reduce the amount of waste heat that cannot be recovered from the waste steam, and to reduce the energy required for water evaporation and steam overheating, resulting in energy saving.

Further, the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that a saturated steam generator for heating a predetermined amount of water stored therein to generate saturated steam and a superheated saturated steam generated by the saturated steam generator. One superheater, a pump that sucks and compresses and discharges superheated steam that has been superheated by the first superheater, and a second superheater that superheats superheated steam that is discharged from the pump and has a pressure increased by the pump. And a treatment cabinet that introduces superheated steam superheated in the second superheater to carbonize the waste mainly containing water-containing organic matter in the cabinet and discharge the waste vapor after the treatment,
By configuring a waste treatment system from a heat exchanger that heat-exchanges the waste steam discharged from the treatment warehouse and the water in the saturated steam generator, even when the waste is mixed with metal and organic matter. Since the treatment is performed in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state, the organic matter can be used as a carbide after the treatment, and the metal can be easily reused by suppressing the oxidation,
There is an effect that the waste mixed with metal and organic matter can be easily processed into a recyclable matter.

Furthermore, without circulating the combustible gas generated during the treatment of organic waste to the superheater or the saturated steam generator,
There is an effect that exhaust heat of waste steam can be used, and both the prevention of the circulation of combustible gas generated during the treatment of organic waste and the contradictory energy saving can be realized.

In addition to the invention according to claim 3, the invention according to claim 4 of the present invention separates hydrogen gas from waste steam after heat exchange with water in a saturated steam generator in a heat exchanger. In addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 3, the hydrogen gas separating means for performing the operation and the fuel cell for generating electric power using the hydrogen gas separated by the hydrogen gas separating means are provided downstream of the heat exchanger. Since the hydrogen gas separated from the waste steam by the located hydrogen gas separation means is used to generate power in the fuel cell, there is an effect that electric power energy with a wide range of applications can be created.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a superheated steam system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a superheated steam system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a waste treatment system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a waste treatment system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a conventional superheated steam system.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Saturated steam generator 5 processing warehouse 8 heat exchanger 12 First Superheater 13 pumps 14 Second superheater 18 condenser 20 gas-liquid separator 23 Gas separator 24 Fuel cell

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) // F23G 5/46 F23G 5/46 Z F term (reference) 3K065 AA24 AB02 AC01 AC12 BA06 JA01 JA18 4D004 AA02 AC04 BA03 CA26 CA27 CB04 CB31 CC03 4G140 BA02 BB03 5H027 AA02

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A saturated steam generator that heats water stored in a predetermined amount to generate saturated steam, a first superheater that superheats saturated steam generated by the saturated steam generator, and the first superheater. A pump that sucks and compresses and discharges superheated steam that has been superheated by one superheater, and a second superheater that superheats the superheated steam that is discharged from the pump and has a pressure increased by the pump.
A processing chamber that introduces superheated steam superheated in the second superheater to process the object to be processed in the chamber and discharges the waste steam after processing, and the waste steam discharged from the processing chamber and the saturated steam A superheated steam system consisting of a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the water in the generator. 2. The superheated steam system according to claim 1, wherein the suction side pressure of the pump is less than 1 atm. 3. A saturated steam generator that heats a predetermined amount of water stored therein to generate saturated steam, a first superheater that superheats saturated steam generated by the saturated steam generator, and the first superheater. A pump that sucks and compresses and discharges superheated steam that has been superheated by one superheater, and a second superheater that superheats the superheated steam that is discharged from the pump and has a pressure increased by the pump.
Introduced superheated steam superheated in the second superheater, a treatment cabinet for carbonizing the waste mainly containing water-containing organic matter in the cabinet and discharging the waste vapor after treatment, and the treatment cabinet was discharged from the treatment cabinet. A waste treatment system comprising a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between waste steam and water in the saturated steam generator. 4. A hydrogen gas separating means for separating hydrogen gas from waste steam after heat exchange with water in a saturated steam generator in the heat exchanger, and the hydrogen gas separated by the hydrogen gas separating means. The waste treatment system according to claim 3, further comprising a fuel cell that generates electricity.