JP2003240356A - Sun tracking system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively utilize solar energy by controlling the angle and the density of sunlight with a simple device, in utilization of solar energy. <P>SOLUTION: In this sun tracking system, a light duct B9 and a light duct A10, each with an angle to the axis, are individually and rotatably controlled to have the in-coming light side axis of the light duct B9 automatically track the direction of the sun, and light is guided in the ducts by the reflection from inner surfaces of the light duct B9 and the light duct A10 or by the reflection from a reflector 46. Thus, the output light is fixed in a specified direction. A parabolic reflecting structure is employed to retain the parallel state of the light even after the sunlight concentration. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for concentrating solar energy to increase energy density and directly heat source or energy conversion to promote effective utilization.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in the method of tracking sunlight, the two axes of 1) a horizontal axis and a vertical axis or a tilt axis are controlled respectively, and each of them is sensed and directed toward the sun. 2 The horizontal axis and the vertical axis or the tilt axis are controlled in the direction of the sun by controlling the angles according to the preset season and time. As described above, the mechanism for tracking the sun became complicated, and it was necessary to adjust the installation according to the direction assumed beforehand, and the drive itself required large power.

[0003]

The problems to be solved are to simplify the mechanism, guide the light that is focused together to an arbitrary directional position, reduce the manufacturing cost, and have a degree of freedom of use as a light or heat source. The manufacturing cost is reduced by simplifying the structure and reducing the weight. 2 The operating power is efficiently transmitted to the angle control. 3 Increase the range of tracking angles and the degree of freedom in the installation direction. 4 Secure the optical transmission line. 5 Guide the sunlight to the required angle position. It is to solve the above problems.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to facilitate tracking of sunlight and direct utilization of condensed light. Regarding the sun tracking mechanism, in FIG. 1, a rotation axis A whose rotation angle is controlled coaxially with the fixed axis 1
2 is provided, and the angle rotation axis A forms an angle α with the rotation axis A2.
3 is provided with a rotation axis B4 whose rotation angle is coaxially controlled,
The axial direction of the angle rotation axis B5 forming an angle β with respect to the rotation axis B4 is controlled to the direction of sunlight. The angle α between the rotation axis A2 and the angle rotation axis A3 can be controlled 180 degrees with respect to the fixed axis 1 to control the angle α ′ that is twice the angle α, and the angle β between the rotation axis B4 and the angle rotation axis B5 can be rotated by an angle. By rotating 180 degrees with respect to the axis A3, it is possible to control the angle of β ′ which is twice β. Therefore, the angle of the angle rotation axis B5 is the control angle which is the sum of α ′ and β ′ with respect to the fixed axis 1, and if α and β are 45 degrees, the angle range of the angle rotation axis B5 is 360 degrees in the horizontal direction and 18 degrees in the vertical direction.
It becomes 0 degree and it becomes possible to control all tracking angles of the celestial sphere. The structure is simple because it consists of only a uniaxial structure. Since the biaxial structure has one shaft, it is possible to mold the light passage inside by making it hollow, and it is easy to give structural resistance to external force. The driving force for 3-axis control can be eliminated by using bellows, link mechanism, and flexible joints such as spring joints to eliminate movable electric wires such as power lines, and a drive method with unlimited rotation even through slip rings. You can take

The fixed shaft 1, the rotary shaft A2, the angle rotary shaft A3, the rotary shaft B4, and the rotary shaft B5 of FIG. 1 are all hollow, and the hollow inner surface has a high light reflectance, and the axial structure is the optical duct of FIG. B9 and the optical duct A10 have mirror surfaces on the inner surface. Like the optical fiber, the light incident from the axial direction of the optical duct B9 is repeatedly reflected on the inner surface of each optical duct A1.
The light passes through 0 and is guided to a desired position, and the light is guided in the fixed axis 1 direction without being diffused. 1 It is possible to easily form a reflection surface having a simple shape and reduce light loss. 2 Even when light is used as heat, since the transmission line is still light, heat generation in the transmission line is small, and resin or the like can be used as the structural material. Since the triaxial internal reflection surface can be a closed structure,
There is no light loss due to dust and dirt, and it has excellent maintainability.

In FIGS. 5 and 6, the primary reflection film 41 and the secondary reflection film 42, which are similar to each other and have a parabolic curved surface, are opposed or anti-opposed to each other, and a focal point 43 is provided at the same point. After passing through the focal point 43, the light reflected and condensed at 41 is reflected by the secondary reflective film 42 at the same reflection angle of the primary reflective film 41 and returned to parallel light and condensed. 1 Since the collected light remains parallel, it can be guided without diffusion through a light duct or the like. 2 Since the condensed light remains parallel, it is possible to easily control the directionality of only the reflection of two plane mirrors or the refraction of a prism or the like. 3 Since the condensed light remains parallel, it can be transmitted over a long distance in the air. 4 It is also possible to further collect parallel light reflected by the secondary reflection film 42 with a lens or the like and guide it to an optical fiber for transmission.

In FIG. 2, the light that is condensed and guided is transmitted through the transmitting member 16.
After the light is transmitted to the condenser box 15 and the sunlight is converted into heat or infrared rays inside the condenser box 15, heat diffusion is prevented by the heat transfer resistance of the transmission body 16 and the selective filter effect of light. Then, 1 After the light enters the condensing box 15 and becomes heat energy, it becomes one-way passage of energy due to the heat transfer resistance of the transmissive body 16,
Thermal energy with little external leakage loss can be obtained in the light collecting box 15. 2 By constructing the structure of the transmissive body 16 with a material having high sunlight transmittance, high heat insulation and high infrared reflectance,
Energy collection efficiency is improved and high temperature is easily obtained. 3 Due to the heat insulating effect of the transmissive body 16, heat does not escape to the outside, so it is not necessary to consider heat resistance in the mechanical portion and the structural portion.

In FIG. 13, a total of three or more photosensors 40a on the angle rotation axis B5 of FIG. 1 has a maximum sum of light quantity outputs in only one direction, and the light quantity output changes in directions other than the maximum. Similarly, by providing three or more optical sensors 40b in the opposite direction to the direction of the light and performing the angle control toward the maximum value of the total sum of the light amount outputs, one sensor can be controlled with a small number of sensors. Become. 2 Wide range of sensing is possible with few sensors. 3 Even if the sensor rotates on the axis, the total amount of light output does not change, so there is great freedom in mounting. 4. By using the optical sensor 40a of the opposite optical sensor 40b and the circuit whose output value is inverted, it is possible to perform sensing without blind spots in all directions. 5 Cheap LE for optical sensor 40a of optical sensor 40b
By using D as a sensor, the sensing circuit can be easily manufactured at low cost.

The above means may be used alone or in combination. In addition, the concentrating box 15 directly generates electricity with solar cells,
It can also be applied to power generation using a thermoelectric conversion element or heat engine rather than heat.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The structural features of different embodiments will be described.

FIG. 1 shows a conceptual diagram of an angle control mechanism, which will be described. From the fixed shaft 1 to the fixed base, the rotary bearing A6
Is provided on the rotary shaft A2 whose angle can be controlled, the rotary shaft A2 is provided with a rotary shaft A3 having an angle α, and a rotary bearing B7 is provided on the rotary shaft A3. The rotary shaft B4 is provided coaxially with the rotary bearing B7 so that the angle can be controlled, and the rotary shaft B7 has an angle β with the rotary shaft B4.
To provide. By rotating the rotation axis A2 by θa, the rotation axis B4 changes θa by 180 degrees, thereby changing the α ′ angle twice as large as α, and the angle rotation axis B5 having an angle of β with respect to α rotates θb by 180 degrees. By rotating, the β ′ angle, which is twice the angle of β, changes, and the angle of the angle rotation axis B5 with respect to the fixed axis 1 can change in the angular range of 2α + 2β. Here, when α = β = 45 degrees, the angle rotation axis B5 can change the angle of 180 degrees perpendicular to the fixed axis 1,
When combined with the horizontal θa, it is possible to change and control all angles of the hemisphere. Further, the angles α and β do not have to be equal and can be set arbitrarily.

2 FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the drive unit, which will be described. The condensing box 15 which is insulated and shielded from the outside air by the heat insulating material 21 is provided with the light entrance portion by the transmissive body 16 having a high infrared reflection and a heat insulating property, and the condensing box 15 is provided with the drive motor B13 and the drive motor A14. The fixed flange 20 rotatably provides the optical duct A10, and the rotary flange 11 rotatably provides the optical duct B9. The motor gear 19 of the drive motor A14 meshes with the gear A18 to rotate the optical duct A10, and the motor gear 19 of the drive motor B13 meshes with the gear B17 and bends to transmit rotation.
The optical duct B9 is rotated via 2. Light duct B9
A light sensor 38 is provided in the above, and a transparent window 39 is provided in advance so as not to be shaded by sunlight. With this structure, by rotating the drive motor B13 and the drive motor A14, the optical duct A10 and the optical duct B9 are rotated, and a mechanism similar to that shown in FIG. 1 is obtained, and the opening of the optical duct B9 is controlled to an arbitrary angle. Further, the inner surfaces of the optical duct A10 and the optical duct B9 are mirror surfaces having a high reflectance, and the light incident from the opening is transmitted while reflecting the axial lines of the ducts like the optical fiber. The axis formed by the light duct A10 and the light duct B9 may be an arbitrary combination of straight lines or curved lines, and functions if the opposing surfaces are parallel, and the cross section becomes smaller in the light traveling direction from the viewpoint of preventing backflow of light. It is also possible to take a tapered shape. The sunlight that has entered the light collecting box 15 via the light duct A10, the light duct B9, and the transmitting body 16 hits the inner surface of the light collecting box 15 or directly on the heated object to become heat, and the generated heat is the heat insulating material 21 and the transmitting body. Insulation is provided at 16, and infrared radiation due to heat generation is also blocked in the same manner, so that the inside of the light collecting box 15 or directly the heated object is efficiently heated. Further, in the case of using only light such as daylighting and exposure, it is possible to use any wavelength component of sunlight by filtering the transmitting body 16 with a wavelength of use and transmitting the light. The structure of the transmissive body 16 is such that double glass vacuum heat insulation and coating with various filter effects can be applied, and one having heat resistance depending on the heat utilization temperature is used. The rotation transmission mechanism is not limited to the rotation transmission bellows 12 as long as it can be bent to transmit a rotational movement, and a spring joint, a link mechanism, a meshing mechanism can be used, and it may have a rigidity and strength necessary for angle control. Also, instead of transmitting the rotational movement by bending, a driving motor or various actuators for directly making relative rotation between the optical duct A10 and the optical duct B9 may be directly attached to the rotating portion and driven, and the actuator may be an electric motor. Instead, hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, ultrasonic motor, etc. can be selected depending on the torque and rotational accuracy required for control.

3 FIG. 2 shows a cone type outline drawing, which will be described. It is performed by a cone-type reflection / collection reflector 8 composed of a rotating parabolic reflection surface having a small focal length for collecting sunlight. Is condensed on the surface of its focal point and enters the light entrance portion of the light duct B9. As a feature of the cone-type reflection / collection reflector 8, if the light collection ratio is not large, scattered light can be collected.
In addition, the sun tracking angle is also low in accuracy, and can be used for relatively low temperatures or for direct power generation by solar cells. The cone-type reflective condensing reflector 8 with a gas film structure is lightweight and portable in a compact size. It will be possible.

4 FIG. 4 shows a dish type outline diagram, which will be described. Dish type condensing reflector 22 composed of a rotating parabolic reflecting surface having a large focal length for condensing sunlight
In the dish type condensing reflection, the light is condensed on the light incident side. Therefore, the secondary reflector 23 is provided so that the light is re-reflected so that the light incident direction is the same as the light condensing direction. Do this. Sunlight entering from the light entering part of the dish type condensing reflector 22 is reflected by the secondary reflector 23 before its focus and enters the light entering part of the light duct B9. The features of the dish type condensing reflector 22 are that it is easy to obtain a large condensing rate, the volume of the reflector can be reduced with respect to the light receiving surface, and it is possible to use at relatively high temperature or directly generate electricity with a highly concentrating solar cell In addition, the dish type condensing reflector 22 having a gas film structure can be made lightweight and portable in a compact storage. The secondary reflector 23 may be a flat surface or a convex surface, and if a special curved surface is used, the light collection rate can be further increased, and in the gas film structure, it can be molded as an integral structure on the light transmission surface. .

5 FIG. 5 shows a dish type reflection structure,
This will be explained. The focal length is F1 to F with the primary reflection film 41
The secondary transmissive film 45 is formed on a part of the primary reflective film 41 by forming the primary transmissive film 44 so that the reflecting surfaces of the similar-shaped secondary reflective film 42 of two ratios face each other and the focal points 43 are arranged at the same point. The sunlight is transmitted through the primary transmission film 44, reflected by the primary reflection film 41, passed through the focal point 43, re-reflected by the secondary reflection film 42, and transmitted through the secondary transmission film 45. At this time, since the reflection angles of the primary reflection film 41 and the secondary reflection film 42 are the same and the directions are opposite, the parallel light from the sun remains parallel even after being condensed. When the structure is a gas-permeable structure, the primary permeable film 44 and the secondary permeable film 45 form a sealed structure, and when the reflecting surface has rigidity, it may be an open surface. As a result, the condensed light becomes parallel light equivalent to sunlight, and the sunlight can be controlled in any direction by twice reflection or refraction from any direction. Even if it is transmitted in space, there is no diffusion and long-distance transmission. Will also be possible. Moreover, the light can be arbitrarily controlled by simple catadioptric refraction. In addition, the secondary permeable film 45
It is also possible to directly transmit by using an optical fiber as an optical fiber entrance surface. With this feature, it is possible to easily construct a large-scale light-collecting system by integrating parallel light beams collected by a plurality of dispersed light collectors at one place. Moreover, even if it is a place where it is difficult to construct a transmission path by constructing a structure such as a mountain, a river, or the sea, it can be constructed without constructing a transmission path. If the speed of the sun tracking operation is increased, it is possible to transmit even with an unstable installation method that floats on the water surface.

6 FIG. 6 shows a cone type reflection structure, which will be described. The reflection surface of the primary reflection film 41 and the reflection surface of the similar secondary reflection film 42 having a focal length of F1 to F2 ratio are made to contradict each other, and a focus 43 is formed.
Are formed to have the same point, and the sunlight is transmitted through the primary transmission film 44, reflected by the primary reflection film 41, and then reflected by the focal point 43.
After passing through the secondary reflection film 42, it is reflected again by the secondary reflection film 42.
Through. At this time, the primary reflection film 41 and the secondary reflection film 42
Since the angle of reflection at is the same and the directions are opposite, the parallel light from the sun remains parallel even after being collected. When the film structure is a gas-permeable structure, the primary permeable film 44 and the secondary permeable film 45 form a sealed structure.
When the reflecting surface has rigidity, it may be an open surface. Further, it is also possible to directly transmit the secondary permeable film 45 as an optical fiber incident surface by the optical fiber. As a result, the condensed light becomes parallel light equivalent to sunlight, and the sunlight can be controlled in any direction by twice reflection or refraction from any direction. Even if it is transmitted in space, there is no diffusion and long-distance transmission. Is also possible. Moreover, the light can be arbitrarily controlled by simple catadioptric refraction.

7 FIG. 7 shows a collimated light focusing system, which will be described. 5 and FIG. 6 are formed by fixing the flat reflecting plates 46 inside the light duct A10 and the light duct B9 so that the reflecting surfaces face each other, and by using the primary reflection film 41 and the secondary reflection film 42 for the incident light of the light duct B9. By interlocking the structure constituted by, the parallel light condensed by the primary reflection film 41 and the secondary reflection film 42 is reflected by the reflection plate 46, and the direction of the light is fixed in the rotation axis direction of the optical duct A10. When the sun is tracked, the light duct B9 and the primary reflection film 41 are both directed toward the sun, and are always reflected at an angle of 180 ° −β by the reflection plate 46 fixed to the light duct B9 at an angle of 1 / 2β, 1 with the reflector 46 fixed to the light duct A10 at an angle of 1 / 2α
The light is reflected at an angle of 80 ° -α and has the same angle as the rotation axis of the light duct A10. Since the optical axis of the parallel light collected at this time passes through the same system path as the mechanical axis, even if the optical duct B9 and the optical duct A10 rotate on the same axis, if the light has a circular cross section, it remains as it is. The direction is controlled by the cross-sectional shape of. Since the light is reflected only by the reflection plate 46, the light duct B9 and the light duct A10 do not need to be mirror surfaces and are simply mechanical structures, so there is no problem even with a wire frame structure.
For the purpose of protecting the reflection plate 46 from dust due to the environment, it is better to have a sealed structure inside. The reflector 46 may be a prism that uses refraction. Since the condensed light coming from the optical duct A10 is parallel, a duct for guiding light, an optical fiber, etc. are unnecessary, and can be transmitted without diffusing in the air.

8 FIG. 8 shows a collimated light collecting and lighting system, which will be described. The structure shown in FIG. 7 is attached to the window glass 24 of the house 25. While the sun is shining, light enters from the window glass 24 in a constant light amount and a constant direction, and if necessary, to the scatterer 26. And spread it in the desired direction. If necessary, the illuminance can be set, and the tracking angle can be controlled so that the set illuminance can be achieved. In addition, since the condensed light is parallel, there is no need to install it near the window, it is possible to transmit in the air from a nearby building, etc.When also functioning as air conditioning, once the heat ray component is removed through the filter, it produces light with less heat generation A heating effect can also be obtained by shining light on it and shining it on something with high absorption efficiency. When it is applied to a high-rise building, it is possible to use it by blowing it from the roof or by vertically shining light to the outside and branching it with a reflector to the required floor.

9 A scattered light collecting system is shown in FIG. 9 and will be described. The light collecting part having the structure shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 4 is attached to the window glass 24 of the house 25. While the sun is shining, the light is incident from the window glass 24 in a certain direction with a constant amount of light, which is necessary. If there is, it is diffused by the scatterer 26 in a desired direction. Also, since the condensed light is scattered light, it must be installed directly on the window, but if the transmission path is secured by an optical duct, it can be installed at a remote place, and it should be installed on the roof and the daylight should be received from the north facing window. Since it is possible to collect even scattered light if the degree of light collection is kept low, it is possible to secure a certain amount of light even in a cloudy sky. If necessary, the illuminance can be set, and the tracking angle can be controlled so that the set illuminance can be achieved. When it also serves as an air conditioner, once the heat ray component is removed through the filter, it produces light with less heat generation, and if it is incident as it is and is applied to something with high absorption efficiency, a heating effect can also be obtained. When applied to high-rise buildings, it is also possible to branch by using an optical duct.

10 A water heater is shown in FIG. 10 and will be described. The light-collecting part having the structure shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 4 is guided through the extension duct 27 as a light-guiding path to the transparent body 16 having a high heat-insulating effect, and is guided to the light-collecting box 15 which is insulated from the outside air by the heat insulating material 21. However, the hot water 28 inside is heated directly and from the inner wall of the light collecting box 15. The heat transfer rod 29 is for keeping the temperature distribution of the hot water 28 at an average, and is for keeping the temperature of hot water such as hot water supply uniform. The warm water 28 which is a heavy object and the light collecting box 15 which is the tank thereof can be installed in a place with a high load and a large capacity can be installed, the heat insulating effect can be enhanced, and the light is condensed to heat the high temperature. You can get it. Similarly, the temperature in the light collecting box 15 is determined by the ratio of the amount of heat radiated to the outside air and the amount of heat stored and the amount of heat from the sun. Therefore, if the ratio of the amount of heat radiated and the amount of heat stored is reduced, a high temperature can be obtained.
If high pressure vessel is used, it is possible to directly obtain high temperature and high pressure steam. Further, if the inner surface of the light collecting box 15 is made of refractory, it can be used as a high temperature furnace, and since it is theoretically possible to raise the surface temperature of the sun without a heating element, it can also be used as a chemical reaction furnace. Further, in the structure shown in FIG. 7, it is also easy to further increase the energy density by concentrating a plurality of condensed parallel lights and letting them enter the transmitting body 16.

11 FIG. 11 shows a dryer, which will be described. The stirring drum 30 is rotatably incorporated into the light collecting box 15 which is insulated from the outside air by the heat insulating material 21 by the external stirring motor 31, and the door 33 is attached to the opening side of the stirring drum 30 so that the door 33 can be opened and closed. An intake port 34 and an exhaust port 35 for ventilating with the outside air and controlling the internal humidity are provided, and a transmissive body 16 as an intake port for the condensed light is provided and the condensing unit having the structure shown in FIG. 2 or 4 is attached. When used, clothes or the like to be dried 32 are placed inside the stirring drum 30 by opening and closing the door 33. When the sun comes out, the condensing unit automatically tracks the sun and becomes the dryer main body. The sunlight is taken into the condensing box 15, and the material 32 to be dried is directly or indirectly heated to evaporate the water content of the material 32 to be dried. At this time, the internal humidity and temperature are adjusted to the intake port 3
4 and the exhaust port 35 are controlled, the tracking angle is also controlled to control the heating amount, and the stirring motor 31 is driven to perform uniform drying. As a result, even if it rains, it will not get wet again, and even if it is cloudy, it can be dried for a short time if there is sunlight, and it is possible to expect a sterilization effect by direct sunlight from the drying. It can also be installed on the balcony of a condominium, even when the sunshine is limited, and it is also possible to install the condensing part at a remote place using an optical duct.

12 FIG. 12 shows a solar cooker,
This will be explained. 2 and FIG. 4 through the transparent body 16 having a heat insulating effect by exposing the inside of the condenser box 15 which is insulated from the outside air by the heat insulating material 21 to a reflecting structure and directly exposing the heater 36 to the inside. Attach the condensing part with the structure shown in. When this is utilized, the cone type condensing light condensing reflector 8 or the dish type light condensing reflector 22 is filled with air in the case of a gas film structure only by installing it in a place exposed to sunlight. Since the function as a cooking device is limited when it is exposed to the direct sunlight, the necessary power can be covered by a small solar cell placed in the vicinity, and air filling can also be done by turning the solar cell's power generation through a directional valve with a small blower. It is possible. When the sun hits and the power source automatically controls the power source of the control unit and starts tracking the sun, the collected light passes through the transparent body 16 and the light collecting box 15
The light enters the inside, and part of it becomes heat when reflected inside, and part of it directly heats the exposed part of the heater 36, and the light-collecting box 15 with a heat insulating structure.
The internal temperature also rises and the heat is efficiently transferred to the exposed portion of the heater 36 even in convective heat transfer, and the object 37 to be heated can be cooked on the outer surface of the heater 36. If the object to be heated 37 is directly inserted into the light collecting box 15 and a lid having a heat retaining effect is used instead of the heater 36, the same effect as the oven heating can be obtained. Temperature control related to cooking can also be prevented by controlling the sun tracking angle for overheating. If a thermoelectric semiconductor or a solar power station is used instead of the heater 36, it becomes a portable solar power generator, which can be used not only outdoors but also as a portable emergency heat source, or in an area where the energy situation is poor.

13 FIG. 13 shows a sensor arrangement, which will be described. Insert the sensor for sensing the direction of the sun into three parts, that is, the optical sensor 40a which is arranged in three parts facing the direction of the sun, and the optical sensor 40b which is arranged in three parts opposite to the direction of the sun are installed in the optical duct B9. It is arranged coaxially with the optical axis and the cone-type reflection / collection reflector 8 or the dish-type collection / collection reflector 22. At this time, the directivity angle and the attachment opening angle of the optical sensor 40a are set to be substantially the same in accordance with the directivity of the sensor, and the inclination is made so that the total sum of the total outputs in the optical axis direction becomes maximum. The sensor 40b in the opposite direction complements the outside of the sensing range of the optical sensor 40a and may have an angle of 90 degrees or more with the optical sensor 40a. Light sensor 40
The opening angle of a is for sharpening the sensitivity to the output and the optical axis. Only when the axis of sunlight and the control axis are the same, the light enters within the directional angle of the sensor to obtain a sharp maximum value. This is to minimize the output difference of the individual pieces. Moreover, when this method is adopted, the sum and difference of the sensor outputs do not depend on the rotation of the axis, and therefore the value does not change even if the sensor rotates simultaneously with the axis. The number of optical sensors 40a should be three or more, and if you increase the number, you can increase the sensitivity. The sensor can detect any output of the solar cell as long as it can detect sunlight. But it is possible.

FIG. 14 shows a sensor circuit, which illustrates the sensor circuit. The photosensor 40a is divided into three equal parts and the photosensor 40b is divided into three parts in the opposite direction to the direction of the sunlight. The poles are connected in a ring, every other connection point has its output, and the vacant connection point is grounded. If the light sensor 40a receives light, the output is +, the light sensor 40
When b receives light, the output is negative, the maximum output is only when the optical axes are aligned, and the minimum output difference is when each sensor forms a surface at three points with respect to the optical axis or when the amount of light is 0. It will be when Therefore, in order to increase the sensitivity of the optical axis, the time when the difference is minimum at the maximum light amount is also detected.
Although an LED is used as a sensor in this circuit, the same effect can be obtained with a solar cell and the same effect can be obtained with other optical sensors. However, if an LED is used, the configuration can be extremely inexpensive.

15 FIG. 15 shows a control flow, and the control will be described. The method for tracking in the direction of the sun is the biaxial control of the angle rotation axis A3 and the angle rotation axis B5 shown in FIG. When the output of the sensor is not near 0, the output difference is used as a speed parameter when the output of the sensor is not near 0, and the rotation speed is controlled to be small when the difference is small. . At this time, if the difference is 0, it can be determined that the optical axes coincide with each other, and if the optical axis shifts due to the movement of the sun, the difference increases and the optical axis shift can be determined. Since the maximum value of the sensor output fluctuates drastically due to factors such as weather, it is difficult to control it toward a preset maximum value, and the error is minimized even for problems such as deterioration of the sensor that receives direct sunlight. It is possible to

As described above, each structure and feature can be adapted to various environments depending on each structure, combination of functions, and constituent materials. Also, when it comes to safety measures, the external force due to the wind is the largest and the fluctuations are severe,
When the wind is strong, it is also possible to control the direction of the light collecting part so that the resistance is aerodynamically minimized, or to set the control axis free and follow the direction of the wind. A countermeasure can be taken by attaching the joint part to the mechanical part in a reversible manner, and by making the structure only the air-membrane structure part is dislodged by the wind when overloaded.

[0027]

EXAMPLE In order to verify the operation of the present invention, the basic structure shown in FIG. 1 was prototyped and the operation was verified. The axis angles in FIG. 1 are α = 30 ° and β = 30 °, and two-axis control is performed by an electric motor with a structure similar to that shown in FIG. The sensor of FIG. 13 is arranged on the angle rotation axis B5 axis of FIG. 1, and the sensor is a general-purpose green LED with a relatively large electromotive force and an inexpensive directivity angle of 30 degrees, and each output in the circuit shown in FIG. Is directly connected to the input / output of the 8-bit microcomputer and has a capacitance of 0.01 μF to the ground. The ground of the sensor and the ground of the 8-bit microcomputer are connected via a 1 MΩ resistor. The reason for adding is to detect the negative capacitance in the input / output and the ground capacitor when the sensor output becomes negative. 8
The other input / output of the bit microcomputer enables ON / OFF control and forward / reverse rotation control of the motor drive H-bridge IC.

An 8-bit microcomputer without a built-in AD converter takes an analog positive / negative value, and measures the output current when the saturation voltage of the green LED reaches about 1.6 V. The output current from the LED can be detected by measuring the time until the voltage is accumulated and a constant current is applied to reach a constant voltage. This can be diverted even when a solar cell is used as a sensor, and the cost can be made very low. 1 by detecting the actual sunlight
With a charging time of 0 mSEC, a resolution of about 6 to 8 bits was obtained, and it was possible to detect a practical level sufficiently even after the LED reached the saturation voltage.

Based on the output value of the LED, the motor speed is set to a high value in the vicinity of 0 voltage, and the PWM waveform control is performed with the output difference at a voltage higher than the reference as a speed parameter, and the rotation direction is controlled to increase the total sensor output. As a result, the control axis could be controlled in the bright direction both in direct sunlight and in cloudy weather, there was no problem in practical control, and an omnidirectional tracking system could be constructed at a very low cost. In addition, this system consumes only about 0.5W even when the motor is operating continuously due to its low power consumption. In actual intermittent operation, the solar battery power is continuously charged to a supercapacitor or a large-capacity capacitor, which is intermittent. If it is used, it can be driven by a sufficiently small solar cell.

[0030]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, the effects of the present invention are listed below.

Due to the reduction of the manufacturing cost of the device and equipment, the manufacturing cost of the concentrator and the tracking device is drastically reduced.
It is possible to use solar heat and sunlight at low cost. 2 High-quality high-temperature energy such as a high-efficiency water heater can be easily used at low cost. 3 Automatic tracking in all directions eliminates the need to adjust the system installation method and position, reducing the overall system cost.

In the case of the air-film concentrator, it is possible to easily secure a power source and a heat source in a place where there is no power source or heat source, such as a camp, by the installation involving one movement due to the ease of installation and restoration of the device and equipment. 2 When power or power cannot be used due to an emergency disaster, it can be easily installed and used as an emergency power source or power source. 3 It can be installed even in places where it could not be installed due to difficult transportation. 4 In case of emergency such as typhoon, it can be removed immediately and it is easy to secure the safety of the equipment. 5 In the case of the gas film structure, even if the equipment is destroyed due to some abnormality, there are no hard and heavy parts, and secondary disasters due to breakdown failure can be prevented.

In the case of transmitting light by condensed parallel light 1. Even a large-sized object with a simple reflection structure has a low manufacturing cost. 2 No equipment for energy transmission is required, and the loss is small even after long-distance transmission. 3 It is possible to collect a plurality of condensed beams at dispersed locations at one point and obtain a large dispersed condensed output.

Since it is possible to directly use light energy, it can be directly used as a light source for indoor lighting, and energy saving of indoor lighting in fine weather can be measured. 2 The bactericidal effect of sunlight The exposure effect can be used. 3 When converting heat, it is converted into heat in a heat-insulated structure, so conversion efficiency is high and it is possible to create high temperatures. 4. Utilizing the property of high intensity light, it can be applied to high temperature decomposition of water and high temperature decomposition of dioxins in a chemical reactor.

As described above, the effects of the present invention can be applied to various environments, the cost of equipment and facilities can be reduced, and there is no environmental load during operation.

[0036]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 Conceptual view of angle control mechanism

[Fig.2] Cone type outline drawing

FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a drive unit

[Figure 4] Dish type outline drawing

FIG. 5: Dish-type reflective structure

FIG. 6 Cone type reflective structure

FIG. 7: Parallel light condensing system

FIG. 8: Parallel light collecting and lighting system

FIG. 9 Scattered light lighting system

[Figure 10] Water heater

FIG. 11 Dryer

[Figure 12] Solar cooker

[Fig. 13] Sensor arrangement

FIG. 14: Sensor circuit

FIG. 15: Control flow

[Explanation of symbols]

1 fixed axis 2 rotation axis A 3 Angle rotation axis A 4 rotation axis B 5 angle rotation axis B 6 rotating bearing A 7 Rotation bearing B 8 Cone type reflective condenser reflector 9 Light duct B 10 Light duct A 11 rotating flange 12 Rotation transmission bellows 13 Drive motor B 14 Drive motor A 15 Focusing box 16 Transmitter 17 Gear B 18 Gear A 19 motor gear 20 fixed flange 21 thermal insulation 22 Dish type condensing reflector 23 Secondary reflector 24 window glass 25 houses 26 Scatterer 27 extension duct 28 warm water 29 heat transfer rod 30 stirring drum 31 stirring motor 32 Items to be dried 33 door 34 Intake port 35 exhaust port 36 heater 37 Heated object 38 Optical sensor 39 transparent window 40a optical sensor 40b optical sensor 41 Primary reflective film 42 Secondary reflective film 43 Focus 44 Primary permeable membrane 45 Secondary permeable membrane 46 Reflector

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A sun tracking mechanism is provided with a rotation axis A2 whose rotation angle is controlled coaxially with a fixed axis 1, and which has a rotation axis A2.
Is provided with a rotation axis B4 whose rotation angle is controlled coaxially with the angle rotation axis A3 forming an angle α, and the axis direction of the angle rotation axis B5 forming an angle β with the rotation axis B4 is angle-controlled to the direction of sunlight. A solar tracking system characterized by: 2. The fixed shaft 1, the rotary shaft A2, the angle rotary shaft A3, the rotary shaft B4, and the rotary shaft B5 of claim 1 are all hollow, and the hollow inner surface has a high reflectance of light, and the light is fixed. A solar tracking system that is characterized by guiding without spreading in the direction. 3. The parallel light is made parallel after being condensed by providing a primary reflection film 41 and a secondary reflection film 42 each having a paraboloid of revolution on opposite sides or opposite sides and providing a focal point 43 at the same point. A solar tracking system characterized by this. 4. The light guided according to claims 1 and 2 is transmitted through the transparent body 16 and then collected in the light collecting box 15 to prevent heat diffusion by the transparent body 16. Sun tracking system. 5. Optical sensors 40a and 3 consisting of three or more
Sensing the direction of the sun with the sum of the light output of the optical sensor 40b, which is composed of more than one optical sensor 40b;
0a and the optical sensor 40b are LEDs that use the sun tracking system.