CN105351881A - Sunlight mixing lighting system of underground station - Google Patents
Sunlight mixing lighting system of underground station Download PDFInfo
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- CN105351881A CN105351881A CN201510780681.2A CN201510780681A CN105351881A CN 105351881 A CN105351881 A CN 105351881A CN 201510780681 A CN201510780681 A CN 201510780681A CN 105351881 A CN105351881 A CN 105351881A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S19/00—Lighting devices or systems employing combinations of electric and non-electric light sources; Replacing or exchanging electric light sources with non-electric light sources or vice versa
- F21S19/005—Combining sunlight and electric light sources for indoor illumination
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
- F21V5/045—Refractors for light sources of lens shape the lens having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
- F21W2131/40—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
- F21W2131/402—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use for working places
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a sunlight-LED (light-emitting diode) mixing intelligent lighting system based on a light guide pipe and optical fiber in an underground station. Sunlight in fine days is directly introduced into the underground through the light guide pipe and the optical fiber to achieve lighting and ventilating of the underground station. In cloudy days or at night, the system can be automatically switched into LED electric compensation lighting, and intelligent lighting of the underground station is achieved. Compared with the prior art, the environment-friendly underground lighting can be achieved, underground lighting and ventilation cost is saved, and the tracking precision of the sun is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sunshine blending illumination system of underground station, particularly relate to photoconductive tube illumination and to mix with photoconductive tube with aeration technology, optical fiber and import sunshine direct illumination technique device.
Background technology
Subway is the important track traffic of the current line of China and tier 2 cities, and the illuminator of safety and Health is the important indicator that underground station is built.The subway concourse of underground station and platform illumination have different illumination and uniformity requirement, thrown light in the battery limits of underground station, public area illumination, cable interlayer illumination, Direction Signs illumination, the region such as advertising lighting and emergency lighting illumination different, so the lighting installation construction at Novel underground station needs to consider the characteristics such as its economy, the feature of environmental protection, high efficiency, energy saving, naturality, concordance.
Very large in view of needing the underground station power consumption of illumination throughout the year, in today that the energy is day by day in short supply, how to utilize sun light lighting to seem important all the more more high efficiency low cost.Sunshine is inexhaustible, a nexhaustible light source, and solar radiation energy solar constant represents: a solar constant is 1367W/m
2, be equivalent to the illuminating effect of every square metre of upper 13 100W bulbs, the largest moon differs about about 7% with the minimum moon.People get used to clean, comfortable solar source on the ground, and people utilize sunshine to carry out to throw light on two kinds of modes at present: solar energy is converted to electric energy, is then thrown light on by electric power; Another kind directly utilizes sunshine to throw light on, and the latter is than the former efficiency height 3-4 times.Sunshine being introduced underground station direct illumination is a kind of practice of recovering one's original simplicity, and can improve the comfortable environment by bus of city dweller, improve city taste.
The underground station of China adopts LED (light-emittingdiode Light-Emitting Diode) to throw light on mostly, no matter be Guo Jianming " subway illumination dedicated aluminium alloy cable ", or " LED for subway illumination " of Li Mingkui etc. and " a kind of high-power LED panel lamp for subway illumination " of Wang Hong is all the cost in order to improve subway power lighting.For the underground space that lighting demand amount is large, it is many that electric lighting consumes the energy, scholar is had to carry out corresponding design and researchp to sunshine underground lighting, the method utilizing sun light lighting being applicable to underground of the people such as such as SimoneC.Molteni design, to be imported underground by repeatedly mirror-reflection and by photoconductive tube, light is introduced underground and throw light on by sunshine; The people such as B.Bouchet calculate the equipment room distance of underground space utilization sun light lighting according to underground space daylighting criterion, test the efficiency of all kinds of sunlight collecting device; The patent " installation component and light conduit lighting system for light conduit lighting system " of the people such as JA Huffman, improves the solar heat protection of light conduit lighting system; The patent " natural daylight, electric power blending illumination system based on Internet of Things " of the people such as Mei Yifeng, utilizes Fei Nier lens and optical fiber that sunshine is introduced indoor and carries out hybrid intelligent illumination with electric power; The patent " sun light lighting light-conducting system " of Liu Kexun, directly utilizes sunshine to throw light on; The patent " a kind of sun light lighting system " of Wang Zhicheng: adopt convex lens optically focused, throw light on as light pipe with optical fiber, overcast and rainy and adopt electric light compensating illumination; The article " subway engineering adopts the feasibility study of optical lighting system " of Wang Zhiqiang discusses the superiority that subway adopts optical illumination, calculates relevant energy-saving and emission-reduction function; The article " illuminator and intelligent dimming technique study are strengthened in CPV-LED tunnel " of Ning Duo etc., utilize the tracking means of sunshine, place a solar cell at the focus place of luxuriant and rich with fragrance alunite youngster lens, Direct driver LED throws light on to Yu Tai tunnel, Mount Huang; Domestic also have some companies producing sunshine direct illumination, as Suo Letu Micron Technology Co., Ltd energy-conservation in Beijing Dongfang Fengguang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, the company of containing the special development & production optical lighting system of dawn power-saving technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing Wei Kang new forms of energy Co., Ltd, NanJing Shuairui Technology Co., Ltd. etc.A representative instance of China's employing sun light lighting is exactly the Gymnasium of University of Science and Technology Beijing of one of Beijing the Games of the XXIX Olympiad venue, designer has installed the photoconductive tube natural lighting that 148 diameters are 530mm in this shop, better solve daylighting problem, add the characteristic of venue.
Will according to the lighting standard of " underground railway lighting criteria " (GB/T16275-1996) when quantity and the layout of design and installation lighting, to ensure that the illumination of lighting environment meets International Commission on Illumination (InternationalCommissiononIllumination, CIE) standard-required.According to code requirement, the lighting standard of most underground subway concourse is 200lx, and corresponding illuminating power density is 12W/m
2, uniformity of illuminance is not less than 0.7; Subway concourse Design of platform illumination is 150-200lx; Illumination can improve to 200-250lx in the subway concourse ticketing district at people's stay longer place, platform waiting area; For passing through property space, reducing illumination is that 150lx makes people do not feel like oneself, thus accelerates walking; The illumination of the car control device space is designed to 300lx, as station complex control room, station master's room, AFC (AutomaticFareCollection) Ticket Office, communication and signal Machine Room, meeting room, ring control and electric control chamber etc., the position illumination such as the official documents and correspondence table top of office activity and management equipment are had should suitably to improve, to meet operation management needs; The pump house region illumination that administrative staff seldom stop just to maintenance can set 150lx; The illuminance setting of gateway is 350lx, in order to cut down the sight equation distance of indoor and outdoor.
In view of above-mentioned patent, article and product, yet there are no the Patents introduced by sunshine and carry out direct illumination, take into account ventilation and Presentation Function in underground station.The lighting characteristics of patent base area of the present invention debarkation stop building structure and shape, propose that photoconductive tube and optical fiber two kinds are passed optical device to combine closely, take the circumstances into consideration to use, take into account illumination and the ventilation function of underground station: the diameter of photoconductive tube is larger, and photoconductive tube makes form of sleeve, internal diameter imports sunshine, and external diameter is as the ventilation of subway, building cost is relatively high, but successful; The diameter of optical fiber is little, flexible large, can bury within the walls or extend to the position needing illumination.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the sunshine blending illumination system proposing a kind of underground station, to solve the energy problem of the long-term electric consumption on lighting in underground station, the present invention utilizes photoconductive tube and fiber mix to import underground station by sunshine to carry out direct illumination: the photoconductive tube utilizing bore larger imports the comparatively topside position direct illumination of sunshine to multi-layer underground station, utilize easily deformable optical fiber that sunshine is imported the comparatively lower floor position direct illumination to multi-layer underground station, and the combined system of Appropriate application photoconductive tube and optical fiber, the illumination requirement of debarkation stop contentedly, realize the illuminating effect of underground station,
Object of the present invention, the relative aperture also in order to utilize photoelectric tube is comparatively large, solves the ventilating problem of underground station simultaneously and devises photoconductive tube and take into account the illumination of underground station and the sleeve arrangement of ventilation function simultaneously;
Object of the present invention, the low problem of the precision also in order to solve current solar tracking system and devise optical fiber and import dynamic, the static solar tracking system of sunshine, realizes high-precision solar tracking.
The present invention proposes a kind of sunshine blending illumination system of underground station, comprises photoconductive tube, sleeve, optical fiber, direct illumination device, relay and controller, dynamically sun tracker and static solar tracking system, wherein:
Sleeve stretches into underground station from top to bottom, photoconductive tube inserts in sleeve, sunshine utilizes photoconductive tube and fiber mix to import underground station to carry out direct illumination, described photoconductive tube adopts the pipe that bore is larger, the photoconductive tube utilizing bore larger imports the comparatively topside position of sunshine to multi-layer underground station and carries out direct illumination, utilize easily deformable optical fiber to be imported by sunshine and direct illumination is carried out to the comparatively lower floor position at multi-layer underground station, the combined system of Appropriate application photoconductive tube and optical fiber, the illumination requirement of debarkation stop contentedly, realizes the illuminating effect of underground station; Leave gap between sleeve and photoconductive tube, described gap is the vent passages of underground station;
Described direct illumination adopts the first luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens, filter lens, astigmatism device, illuminance transducer, controller to realize, sunshine vertical irradiation is on Fei Nier lens, filter lens is placed at the near focal point of Fei Nier lens, infrared spectrum in sunshine is filtered out, sunshine converges in the focus of Fei Nier lens, enters one end of the first optical fiber, by the biography light of the first optical fiber, at the other end link astigmatism device of the first optical fiber, carry out the direct illumination of sunshine; At the correct position of underground station, LED lamp is installed, and in position illuminance transducer is installed, described illuminance transducer link controller;
Described dynamic sun tracker is by the second luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens, The Cloud Terrace and sun-tracking sensor system composition, described second luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens are fixed on conical horn mouth, conical horn mouth is fixed on The Cloud Terrace, The Cloud Terrace is by Electric Machine Control, sun-tracking sensor system is equipped with in the side of The Cloud Terrace, described sun-tracking sensor system adopts photo resistance, photosensitive resistance sensor is adopted to respond to the position of the sun in real time, the second luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil is allowed to move back the quiet real-time focusing sun, four photo resistance are by opaque right-angled intersection baffle for separating, composition photosensitive resistance sensor module, the top sensitive surface of photosensitive resistance sensor module installs a light attenuating filter sheet, guarantee that the illumination of received sunshine is within photo resistance range ability, sunshine converges in the focus place of the second luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens,
Described static sunlight collection system is hemisphere sunlight collection device, described sunlight collection device comprises the 3rd luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens, hemispherical shell, described hemispherical shell is dispersed with the 3rd luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens of different trend, for collecting the sunshine of different directions incidence, the focal position correspondence of each the 3rd luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens is fixed with second optical fiber, and described optical fiber is for transmitting the sunshine after focusing.The illumination actual needs of base area debarkation stop, the bore of the 3rd luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens can be selected as required.
In the present invention, when illumination in underground station is higher than 200lx, adopt sun light lighting, when illumination is lower than 200lx, controller controls light fixture and realizes the illumination of LED electrical power.
In the present invention, the quantity that photoconductive tube is led and the stringing that importing underground carries out throwing light on are determined according to actual needs.
In the present invention, described first optical fiber can adopt any one in quartz glass optical fiber, resin optical fiber or step index polymer optical fiber etc.
In the present invention, photoconductive tube and the photosensitive number of installation are calculated by following:
(1) Fei Nier lens calculate the flux of sunshine:
Suppose that the luminous flux before injecting Fei Nier lens is Ф
0, the luminous flux appeared is:
Φ＝τ
m(1-α
0)
∑dΦ
0
Wherein τ is transmissivity, and τ=1-ρ, ρ are reflectivity, and m is minute surface number, α
0for absorptivity, d is the thickness of lens;
(2) optical fiber passes the calculating of light loss: when sunshine passes light by optical fiber, light is attenuation loss by absorbing.Straight optical fiber Transmission loss is:
Wherein: α (λ) is the loss to different wave length optical fiber, and unit is decibel (dB/km), and λ is wavelength, L
1and L
2time fiber cross-sections apart from the length of starting point, unit km, P
1and P
2l
1and L
2the luminous power of place's two sections.In view of optical fiber by building pipe laying be likely bent enter underground station illumination, the loss factor of curved fiber is:
α
2＝Ae
-Br
Wherein: r is the radius of curvature of curved fiber, A and B is undetermined coefficient, all with core diameter, the relating to parameters such as cladding diameter and refractive index contrast of optical fiber.Fibre-optical bending is used for the illuminator of underground station, needed will carry out loss test to the optical fiber selected in laboratory before construction;
(3) simple optical fiber passes light to the calculating of the local illumination of subway: when sunshine utilizes the astigmatism device of optical fiber to carry out direct illumination, optical fiber astigmatism place can be regarded as spot light, spot light the solid angle of opening be:
Ω＝πR
2/h
2
Wherein: R is the radius of institute's illuminated disk, h is the illuminator level of fiber outlet place sunshine astigmatism device.The sunshine of fiber outlet regards the illumination that spot light produces as:
E＝I
2cosξ/h
2
Wherein: ξ is the angle that vertical curve and light can arrive between certain some line; Illumination E in different circumference range centered by light source and the relation of radius R, along with the increase of radius R, that is ξ increases, then illumination reduces gradually;
(4) multifiber passes light to the calculating of the average illumination of subway: utilize fiber outlet to carry out strary lighting, the average illumination of multifiber utilizes empirical formula method to determine the average illumination value in office work face:
E
av＝Φ·N·Cu·k/S
Wherein: E
avbe average illumination, Φ is the luminous flux of single light fixture, and N is light fixture number, and Cu is space utilization factor, and k is maintenance factor, and S is lighting area.The accurate Calculation of above empirical data value need provide relevant parameter by company is written.Such as subway illumination gets E
av=200lx, the generally caliber size of the light fixture number N that determines of Cu=0.7, k=0.8 and lighting area S and Fresnel Lenses.
In the present invention, described chain of controller contact relay, the information that controller utilizes Arduino master control borad to gather according to BH1750 illuminance transducer, by the switch of Control lamp lighting, carrys out the illumination in conditioning chamber; To the different lighting spaces of underground station, design corresponding illumination threshold respectively, when the illumination of sunshine does not reach this threshold value, system can automatically switch to the illumination of LED electrical power with control relay.
In the present invention, for ensureing the illumination that underground station is complete, smooth, when outdoor sunshine is not enough, cloudy or night, when can not use sunshine direct illumination, being switched by sun light lighting and LED illumination auto-compensation and realizing.
In the present invention, separated by four photosensitive resistance sensors with opaque right-angled intersection dividing plate, four limbs photo resistance is as far as possible near the center of dividing plate; During work, four sensors independently monitor photometric data, obtain horizontal stage electric machine follow the tracks of the direction and time of rotating by controller computing synthesis; The dividing plate of four photo resistance and right-angled intersection is overall with a black box sealing, only at the end face printing opacity receiving sunshine;
Described light attenuating filter sheet selects transmitance to be the light attenuation device of 1%, just can allow the light sensor accurately perception sun, select the welding lens of black as anti-dazzling screen for this reason, most of sunshine can be filtered out, and the transmitance effect of eyeglass can be selected, simultaneously because eyeglass is that glass is made, durability is better, and material is easy to obtain, and easily processes.
In the present invention, the algorithm of described solar tracking system is provided with tracking threshold value, can ensure that device is static to get off, and avoids too much shake when aiming at the solar time; The change of solar azimuth can be responded again fast, the sun on tracking in time simultaneously.Due to adding of filtering apparatus, in time not having the sun, the illumination intensity value that each photo resistance receives is all smaller, is just less than the threshold value of setting after getting difference, also can ensure that equipment stops following the tracks of when not having the sun, improves the stability of device.
In the present invention, propose to be take into account the illumination of underground station and the structure of ventilation function by light pipe arrangement, described photoconductive tube sleeve inner is hollow, for light-guide illumination simultaneously; Space between described photoconductive tube and outer wall, for the vent passages of subway.This tube-in-tube structure that is inner guide-lighting, external ventilation is convenient to install, construction and cost-saving.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the outdoor lighting equipment utilizing photoconductive tube, fine day utilizes photoconductive tube to carry out the direct illumination of sunshine to underground station, and takes into account the ventilation function of design photoconductive tube for underground station, improves the operating efficiency of illumination, economize energy; Utilize Fresnel Lenses focusing sunlight and with optical fiber, sunshine introduced in the lighting process of underground station, devising dynamic and static state solar tracking system, ensureing sun light tracking precision as far as possible.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the layout figure utilizing photoconductive tube and optical fiber sunshine to be imported underground station direct illumination of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the sunshine in the present invention utilizes optical fiber to pass to the schematic diagram of underground station direct illumination;
Fig. 3 is the dynamic sun tracker schematic diagram by optical fiber light-guiding in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the light sensor installation diagram on dynamic sun tracker of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the static sunlight collection system by optical fiber light-guiding of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is that the solar illuminance at fiber outlet place of the present invention calculates schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is sunshine of the present invention-LED illumination auto-compensation switching flow figure;
Number in the figure: 1 is photoconductive tube, 2 is outer wall space, 3 is upper and lower end face, 4 is light fixture, 5 is solar tracking and collecting hood, 6 is sunshine, 7 is the first Fresnel Lenses, 8 is filter lens, 9 is the first optical fiber, 10 is astigmatism device, 11 is illuminance transducer, 12 is controller, 13 is conical horn mouth, 14 is light sensor profile, 15 is The Cloud Terrace, 16 for being fixed on the second Fresnel Lenses on conical horn mouth, 17 is photo resistance, 18 is dividing plate, 19 is optical filter, 20 is hemispheric 3rd Fresnel Lenses, 21 is the second optical fiber, 22 is hemispherical shell.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1: the subway illumination system of sunshine introduced by photoconductive tube and the optical fiber of the present invention's design, comprises 3 kinds of mixed lighting features: the illumination that underground station photoconductive tube imports sunshine with optical fiber mixes, photoconductive tube throws light on and the mixing of the mixing of ventilation, dynamic and static state solar tracking system that optical fiber imports sun light lighting.
In Fig. 1, photoconductive tube total is designed to sleeve-shaped, inner guide-lighting, external ventilation, photoconductive tube is gone up and underground communicatively, the sunshine on ground is transferred to underground, realizes the upper strata space illumination of subway station, seal with glass or transparent plastic in the upper and lower end face 3 of photoconductive tube 1, ensure the clean of photoconductive tube inside, obtain and pass light effect preferably; Space sleeve is had, for the vent passages of subway between photoconductive tube and outer wall space 2; For the illumination of subway lower floor, adopt the first Fresnel Lenses by 5 after solar light focusing by Optical Fiber Transmission sunshine to underground lighting; When outdoor solar light deficiency time, the light fixture 4 installed in subway station is utilized to carry out intelligent compensation illumination.
Fig. 2 is that sunshine utilizes optical fiber to pass to the schematic diagram of underground station direct illumination.Sunshine 1 vertical irradiation is on the first Fresnel Lenses 2, converge in the focus of the first Fresnel Lenses 2, optical lens 3 after filtration again, infrared spectrum in sunshine is filtered out, reduce the heating of fiber end face, light collection laggard enter optical fiber 4, by the biography light of optical fiber, an astigmatism device 5 is installed in the other end of optical fiber and directly throws light on.In the appropriate location of illumination, illuminance transducer 6 is installed, the illumination range of monitoring underground station illumination, is regulated by controller 8, when in subway station, namely illumination use sun light lighting higher than 200lx, lower than switching to LED electrical force compensating to throw light on 7 during 200lx, reach Uniform Illumination requirement.
Because photoconductive tube diameter is comparatively large in Fig. 1, with photoconductive tube, sunshine is imported underground and throw light on, its illumination, brightness will not limit by condition, only need the quantity of reasonable arrangement photoconductive tube and will import the stringing carrying out throwing light in underground, take into account the ventilation feature of subway simultaneously.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, according to subway build the sun altitude of position, azimuth, hour angle, declination angle, sunshine-duration, need choose reasonable solar tracking system, allow sun vertical irradiation on the first luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens, at its focus place optical fiber, sunshine is imported underground station, utilize astigmatism device to carry out the direct illumination of sunshine.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in view of the kind of optical fiber is a lot, but for the optical fiber of transfer sun light direct illumination, available quartz glass optical fiber, resin optical fiber, step index polymer optical fiber etc., price is different, and result of use is also different, and the biography light effect of large core diameter silica fibre is good, but easily fracture, be applicable to unbending place and pass light; Resin optical fiber, can bend, and sunshine can be guided to the place needing illumination; The step index polymer optical fiber of large core diameter end points, its core is transparent polymer or transparent organic, cortex is fluoroplastics, outer layer covers anti-aging, uvioresistant, good weatherability black pvc PVC (Polyvinylchloridepolymer) material, there is excellent mechanical performance and ageing-resistant performance, this optical fiber have long service life, scope wide, soft, can arbitrarily bend, moulding, waterproof, the feature such as antiultraviolet, so optical fiber 4 selected in Fig. 2 of the present invention can Selection utilization as required.
Fig. 3 is a dynamic sun tracker, second Fresnel Lenses 16 is fixed on conical horn mouth 13, enter optical fiber 9 at the focus place sunshine of the second Fresnel Lenses 16, conical horn is fixed on The Cloud Terrace 15, and dynamic sun-tracking sensor system 14 is equipped with in The Cloud Terrace 15 side.The size of the second Fresnel Lenses bore directly decides illumination and the scope of optical fiber bright dipping end, needs the bore of choose reasonable second Fresnel Lenses.The dynamic sun tracker sensor-based system 14 of Fig. 3 adopts the photo resistance 17 shown in Fig. 4 as sensor to follow the tracks of the sun, and the position of the sun responded in real time by sensor, allows the second Fresnel Lenses focus on the sun in real time.
The mounting means that four photo resistance 17 of Fig. 4 are taked: four photo resistance 17 separated with opaque right-angled intersection dividing plate 18, four photo resistance 17 are as far as possible near the center of dividing plate 18.At the top sensitive surface of whole module, a light attenuating filter sheet 19 is installed.Four sensor independent detection photometric datas during work, obtain The Cloud Terrace 15 motor by controller computing synthesis and follow the tracks of the direction and time of rotating.The dividing plate of four photo resistance and right-angled intersection is overall with a black box sealing, only at the end face printing opacity receiving sunshine.Consider that solar noon sun light is excessively strong, hundreds thousand of lx even hundreds of thousands lx can be reached, exceed the range of photo resistance, so printing opacity end face fills an anti-dazzling screen 19 before whole module, guarantee that received sun light intensity illumination is within range ability, select transmitance be 1% light attenuation device just can allow the light sensor accurately perception sun, select the welding lens of black as anti-dazzling screen for this reason, most of sunshine can be filtered out, and the transmitance effect of eyeglass can be selected, simultaneously because eyeglass is that glass is made, durability is better, and material is easy to obtain, easy processing.
Fig. 5 is static sunlight collection system, at the aboveground space installation hemispherical sunlight collection device as shown in Figure 5 of subway, hemispherical shell 22 is dispersed with different towards the 3rd Fresnel Lenses 20, for collecting the sunshine of different directions incidence, be fixed wtih second optical fiber 21 for the sunshine after transmitting focusing in the focal position of each the 3rd Fresnel lens 20 correspondence, the underground space that sunshine is all transferred to subway by the second all optical fiber is used for illumination.According to the illumination functions for underground station, the bore of the 3rd Fresnel Lenses can be selected as required.
Fig. 6 is that the solar illuminance at the first fiber outlet place calculates schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is sunshine-LED illumination auto-compensation switching flow figure, according to the automatic switchover carrying out sun light lighting and LED compensating illumination shown in Fig. 7.
Claims (10)
1. a sunshine blending illumination system for underground station, is characterized in that: comprise photoconductive tube, sleeve, optical fiber, direct illumination device, relay and controller, dynamically sun tracker and static solar tracking system, wherein:
Sleeve stretches into underground station from top to bottom, photoconductive tube inserts in sleeve, sunshine utilizes photoconductive tube and fiber mix to import underground station to carry out direct illumination, described photoconductive tube adopts the pipe that bore is larger, the photoconductive tube utilizing bore larger imports the comparatively topside position of sunshine to multi-layer underground station and carries out direct illumination, utilize easily deformable optical fiber to be imported by sunshine and direct illumination is carried out to the comparatively lower floor position at multi-layer underground station, the combined system of Appropriate application photoconductive tube and optical fiber, the illumination requirement of debarkation stop contentedly, realizes the illuminating effect of underground station; Leave gap between sleeve and photoconductive tube, described gap is the vent passages of underground station;
Described direct illumination adopts the first luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens, filter lens, astigmatism device, illuminance transducer, controller to realize, sunshine vertical irradiation is on Fei Nier lens, filter lens is placed at the near focal point of Fei Nier lens, infrared spectrum in sunshine is filtered out, sunshine converges in the focus of Fei Nier lens, enters one end of the first optical fiber, by the biography light of the first optical fiber, at the other end link astigmatism device of the first optical fiber, carry out the direct illumination of sunshine; At the correct position of underground station, LED lamp is installed, and in position illuminance transducer is installed, described illuminance transducer link controller;
Described dynamic sun tracker is by the second luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens, The Cloud Terrace and sun-tracking sensor system composition, described second luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens are fixed on conical horn mouth, conical horn mouth is fixed on The Cloud Terrace, The Cloud Terrace is by Electric Machine Control, sun-tracking sensor system is equipped with in the side of The Cloud Terrace, described sun-tracking sensor system adopts photo resistance, photosensitive resistance sensor is adopted to respond to the position of the sun in real time, the second luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil is allowed to move back the quiet real-time focusing sun, four photo resistance are by opaque right-angled intersection baffle for separating, composition photosensitive resistance sensor module, the top sensitive surface of photosensitive resistance sensor module installs a light attenuating filter sheet, guarantee that the illumination of received sunshine is within photo resistance range ability, sunshine converges in the focus place of the second luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens,
Described static sunlight collection system is hemisphere sunlight collection device, described sunlight collection device comprises the 3rd luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens, hemispherical shell, described hemispherical shell is dispersed with the 3rd luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens of different trend, for collecting the sunshine of different directions incidence, the focal position correspondence of each the 3rd luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens is fixed with second optical fiber, and described optical fiber is for transmitting the sunshine after focusing; The illumination actual needs of base area debarkation stop, the bore of the 3rd luxuriant and rich with fragrance Neil lens can be selected as required.
2. the sunshine blending illumination system of a kind of underground station according to claim 1, is characterized in that when illumination in underground station is higher than 200lx, adopts sun light lighting, and when illumination is lower than 200lx, controller controls light fixture and realizes the illumination of LED electrical power.
3. the sunshine blending illumination system of a kind of underground station according to claim 1, is characterized in that the quantity that photoconductive tube is led and imports the stringing carrying out throwing light in underground determining according to actual needs.
4. the sunshine blending illumination system of a kind of underground station according to claim 1, is characterized in that any one that described first optical fiber can adopt in quartz glass optical fiber, resin optical fiber or step index polymer optical fiber etc.
5. the sunshine blending illumination system of a kind of underground station according to claim 1, is characterized in that the photoconductive tube of installation and photosensitive number are calculated by following:
(1) Fei Nier lens calculate the flux of sunshine:
Suppose that the luminous flux before injecting Fei Nier lens is Ф 0, the luminous flux appeared is:
Φ＝τ
m(1-α
0)∑
dΦ
0
Wherein τ is transmissivity, and τ=1-ρ, ρ are reflectivity, and m is minute surface number, and α 0 is absorptivity, and d is the thickness of lens;
(2) optical fiber passes the calculating of light loss: when sunshine passes light by optical fiber, light is attenuation loss by absorbing; Straight optical fiber Transmission loss is:
Wherein: α (λ) is the loss to different wave length optical fiber, and unit is decibel (dB/km), and λ is wavelength, during L1 and L2, fiber cross-sections is apart from the length of starting point, and unit km, P1 and P2 are the luminous powers of L1 and L2 place two sections; In view of optical fiber by building pipe laying be likely bent enter underground station illumination, the loss factor of curved fiber is:
α
2＝Ae
-Br
Wherein: r is the radius of curvature of curved fiber, A and B is undetermined coefficient, all with core diameter, the relating to parameters such as cladding diameter and refractive index contrast of optical fiber; Fibre-optical bending is used for the illuminator of underground station, needed will carry out loss test to the optical fiber selected in laboratory before construction;
(3) simple optical fiber passes light to the calculating of the local illumination of subway: when sunshine utilizes the astigmatism device of optical fiber to carry out direct illumination, optical fiber astigmatism place can be regarded as spot light, spot light the solid angle of opening be:
Ω＝πR
2/h
2
Wherein: R is the radius of institute's illuminated disk, h is the illuminator level of fiber outlet place sunshine astigmatism device; The sunshine of fiber outlet regards the illumination that spot light produces as:
E＝I
2cosξ/h
2
Wherein: ξ is the angle that vertical curve and light can arrive between certain some line; Illumination E in different circumference range centered by light source and the relation of radius R, along with the increase of radius R, that is ξ increases, then illumination reduces gradually;
(4) multifiber passes light to the calculating of the average illumination of subway: utilize fiber outlet to carry out strary lighting, the average illumination of multifiber utilizes empirical formula method to determine the average illumination value in office work face:
E
av＝Φ·N·Cu·k/S
Wherein: Eav is average illumination, Φ is the luminous flux of single light fixture, and N is light fixture number, and Cu is space utilization factor, and k is maintenance factor, and S is lighting area; The accurate Calculation of above empirical data value need provide relevant parameter by company is written; Such as subway illumination gets Eav=200lx, generally the caliber size of the light fixture number N that determines of Cu=0.7, k=0.8 and lighting area S and Fresnel Lenses.
6. the sunshine blending illumination system of a kind of underground station according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described chain of controller contact relay, the information that controller utilizes Arduino master control borad to gather according to BH1750 illuminance transducer, by the switch of Control lamp lighting, carry out the illumination in conditioning chamber; To the different lighting spaces of underground station, design corresponding illumination threshold respectively, when the illumination of sunshine does not reach this threshold value, system can automatically switch to the illumination of LED electrical power with control relay.
7. the sunshine blending illumination system of a kind of underground station according to claim 1, it is characterized in that for ensureing the illumination that underground station is complete, smooth, when outdoor sunshine is not enough, cloudy or night, when can not use sunshine direct illumination, switched by sun light lighting and LED illumination auto-compensation and realize.
8. the sunshine blending illumination system of a kind of underground station according to claim 1, is characterized in that: separated by four photosensitive resistance sensors with opaque right-angled intersection dividing plate, and four limbs photo resistance is as far as possible near the center of dividing plate; During work, four sensors independently monitor photometric data, obtain horizontal stage electric machine follow the tracks of the direction and time of rotating by controller computing synthesis; The dividing plate of four photo resistance and right-angled intersection is overall with a black box sealing, only at the end face printing opacity receiving sunshine; Described optical filter selects transmitance to be the light attenuation device of 1%.
9. the sunshine blending illumination system of a kind of underground station according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the algorithm of described solar tracking system is provided with tracking threshold value, ensures that device is static to get off, and avoids too much shake when aiming at the solar time; The change of solar azimuth can be responded again fast, the sun on tracking in time simultaneously; Due to adding of filtering apparatus, in time not having the sun, the illumination intensity value that each photo resistance receives is all smaller, is just less than the threshold value of setting after getting difference, also can ensure that equipment stops following the tracks of when not having the sun, improves the stability of device.
10. the sunshine blending illumination system of a kind of underground station according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described light pipe arrangement is take into account the illumination of underground station and the structure of ventilation function simultaneously, described photoconductive tube sleeve inner is hollow, for light-guide illumination; Space between described photoconductive tube and outer wall, for the vent passages of subway.
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| CN108006581A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-08 | 四川省建筑科学研究院 | The lighting system that a kind of optical illumination is combined with artificial light |
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| CN109323206B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-07-17 | 朱晓 | Classroom lighting system with simulated outdoor lighting |
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| CN109724043B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-30 | 重庆交通大学 | Highway tunnel entrance to a cave light modulation system based on equivalent illumination |
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