JP2003219717A - Granule discharge machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently recover granules in a hopper without leaving them. <P>SOLUTION: The granule discharge machine discharges granules by rotating a delivery roll 76 formed with grooves 77 in which the granules are filled on the periphery, delivering the granules in a hopper 60 locating above the delivery roll to a lower discharge port 61a and discharging the granules to a field. A normal-reverse changeover transmission unit is installed in a transmission path to the delivery roll 76 to selectively change the rotation of the delivery roll 76 in normal and reverse directions. A brush 79 for receiving the granules overflowed from the grooves 77 an suppressing the fall of the granules is installed on a side where the groves 77 are moved from top bottom in a normal state of the delivery roll 76 for delivering the granules to the delivery port 61a, while a granule discharge port 83 is installed to locate at least a part of it at a position lower than the upper end of the delivery roll 76 on a side where the grooves 77 are moved from up to bottom in a reverse state of the delivery roll 76. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a powdery or granular material discharger such as a fertilizer which facilitates the collection of a residual powdery material. 2. Description of the Related Art By rotating a payout roll having a groove formed in a peripheral portion thereof into which a powdery material enters, a powdery material in a hopper positioned above the payout roll is fed out to a lower discharge port. 2. Description of the Related Art There is a powder and granular material discharging machine for discharging to a field. In this type of powder / particle discharger, a powder / particle discharge port is provided in a part of a case accommodating a feeding roll, and at the end of work, the powder / particle discharge port is opened to collect powder particles remaining in a hopper. It has become. [0003] The granular material discharge port is provided so that at least a part thereof is located lower than the upper end of the feeding roll, and the fertilizer is discharged by its own weight. Is discharged from However, the granular material remained in the groove of the feeding roll or on the upper side of the feeding roll, and the granular material could not be completely recovered. For this reason, after the collection operation from the particulate discharge port is completed, the feeding roll has to run idle to discharge the residual particulate. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve such conventional disadvantages and to enable the powder and granular material remaining in a hopper to be efficiently and completely collected. [0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has taken the following technical means. That is, the powder and granular material discharger according to the present invention, the rotation of the feeding roll in which the groove into which the powder and granular material enters in the outer peripheral portion, the powder and granular material in the hopper located on the upper side of the feeding roll, the lower In the granular material discharger that feeds to the discharge port and discharges to the field, a forward / reverse switching transmission unit is provided on a transmission path to the feed roll, and the feed roll can be selectively switched to either forward or reverse rotation. A brush is provided on the side where the groove moves from top to bottom in a normal rotation state in which the powder is fed out to the feeding outlet, and a brush for restricting the powder overflowing from the groove from falling downward is provided. A powder outlet is provided on the side where the groove moves from top to bottom when is in the reverse rotation state, so that at least a part is located lower than the upper end of the feeding roll. [0005] When the feeding roll is rotated forward, the powdery material in the hopper is fed out to the discharge port. When the feeding roll is reversed in a state where the powder discharge opening is opened, the powder in the hopper is discharged from the powder discharge. Switching of the rotation direction of the payout roll can be easily performed by the forward / reverse switching transmission unit. According to the present invention, since the powder in the hopper is forcibly sent out to the powder discharge side by reversing the feeding roll, the powder and granules can be efficiently produced. As well as being collected, it can be collected without leaving the last one grain.
Further, since there is the powder outlet on the opposite side of the brush, there is also an effect that the collection pipe following the powder outlet does not hinder the maintenance of the brush. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a fertilizer rice transplanter which is an example of a granular material discharger according to the present invention. In this fertilizer application planter 1, a seedling planting section 4 is mounted on the rear side of the traveling vehicle body 2 via a lifting link device 3 so as to be able to ascend and descend, and a main body portion of a fertilizer device 5 is provided on the rear upper side of the traveling vehicle body 2. I have. The traveling vehicle body 2 is a four-wheel drive vehicle having a pair of left and right front wheels 10, 10 and rear wheels 11, 11, which are drive wheels, and a transmission case 12 is disposed at a front portion of an airframe. Front wheel final cases 13, 13 are provided on the left and right sides of the transmission case 12, and the front wheels 10, 10 are attached to front wheel axles projecting outward from the steerable front wheel support portion of the front wheel final case. Also,
A front end portion of the main frame 15 is fixed to a rear portion of the transmission case 12, and rear wheel gear cases 18, 18 are provided around a rear wheel rolling shaft horizontally provided at the rear left and right central portions of the main frame 15 as fulcrums. Rear wheels 11, 11 are attached to a rear wheel axle which is supported in a freely rolling manner and projects outward from rear wheel gear cases 18, 18. The engine 20 is mounted on the main frame 15, and the rotational power of the engine is transmitted to the transmission case 12 via the first belt transmission 21 and the second belt transmission 23. Mission case 12
Is transmitted by the transmission in the case and separated into running power and external take-out power. Then, a part of the traveling power is transmitted to the front wheel final cases 13, 13 and the front wheels 10, 10
, And the remainder is transmitted to the rear wheel gear cases 18, 18 to drive the rear wheels 11, 11. The external take-out power is transmitted to a planting clutch case 25 provided at the rear of the traveling vehicle body 2, and then transmitted to a seedling planting section 4 by a planting transmission shaft 26. Transmitted to The upper part of the engine 20 has an engine cover 30
, And a seat 31 is provided thereon.
A front cover 32 containing various operation mechanisms is provided in front of the seat 31, and a handle 34 for steering the front wheels 10, 10 is provided above the front cover 32. Engine cover 3
0 and the lower left and right sides of the front cover 32 are horizontal floor steps 35. The rear part of the floor step 35 is a rear step 36 also serving as a rear wheel fender. In addition, on both front left and right sides of the traveling vehicle body 2, spare seedling mounting tables 38, 38 on which replenishing seedlings are mounted can be rotated between a position protruding sideward from the body and a position housed inside. Is provided. The elevating link device 3 has a parallel link configuration, and includes one upper link 40 and a pair of left and right lower links 41 and 4.
1 is provided. These links 40, 41, 41 are rotatably mounted on a rear-view portal type link base frame 42 erected on the rear end of the main frame 15 on the base side, and a vertical link 43 is connected to the distal end side. ing.
A connection shaft 44 rotatably supported by the seedling planting portion 4 is inserted and connected to the lower end of the vertical link 43, and the seedling planting portion 4 is connected to the seedling planting portion 4 in a rolling manner around the connection shaft 44. An elevating hydraulic cylinder 46 is provided between a supporting member fixed to the main frame 15 and a tip end of a swing arm 45 integrally formed with the upper link 40, and the upper link 40 is expanded and contracted by hydraulic pressure. Rotating up and down, the seedling planting section 4 moves up and down with a substantially constant posture. The seedling planting section 4 has a six-row planting structure. A transmission case 50 also serving as a frame, a mat seedling is placed and reciprocated right and left to supply seedlings to the seedling outlets 51a,. When all the seedlings in one horizontal row are supplied to the seedling outlets 51a,..., The seedlings are supplied to the seedling mounting table 51 and the seedling outlets 51a,. , A pair of left and right drawing markers 53, 53, etc., for drawing the machine course in the next step on the topsoil surface. A center float 55 is provided at the center of the lower part of the seedling planting part 4, and side floats 56 are provided on both left and right sides thereof. When the airframe advances while the floats are in contact with the mud surface of the field, the floats slide while leveling the mud surface, and seedlings are planted at the leveling ground by the seedling planting devices 52,.
Each of the floats 55, 56, 56 is rotatably mounted so that the front end moves up and down in accordance with the unevenness of the topsoil of the field, and the vertical movement of the front part of the center float 55 during planting operation is a vertical movement detection mechanism. The planting depth of the seedlings is always kept constant by switching the hydraulic valve that controls the raising and lowering hydraulic cylinder 46 according to the detection result and raising and lowering the planting portion 4. The fertilizer applicator 5 feeds out a certain amount of fertilizer (powder or granular material) stored in a fertilizer hopper 60 by a feeder 61, and the fertilizer is fed to a float 55, 56, 56 by a fertilizer hose 62,. The fertilizer guides 63,... Attached to the left and right sides are guided to the fertilizer guides 63,..., And dropped into fertilizer grooves formed near the side portions of the seedling studs by the groove forming bodies 64,. ing. Motor 66
Is blown into the fertilizing hoses 62,... Through the air chamber 68 which is long in the left-right direction, so that the fertilizer in the fertilizing hoses 62,. Has become. The configuration of each part of the main part of the fertilizer applicator shown in FIGS. 3 to 11 will be described below. The fertilizer hopper 60 in which the strips are integrally formed has a lid 60a that can be opened and closed with the rear side as a fulcrum. The lower part of the fertilizer hopper 60 has a funnel shape for each strip, and the lower part is connected to the upper ends of the feeding parts 61,. The fertilizer hopper 60 is rotatably attached to a support plate 71 projecting upward from a fertilizer application frame 70 which is long in the left-right direction at a lower portion of the rear surface thereof. As shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. ,…
And rotated backward. Since both the pivot point of the fertilizer hopper 60 and the opening and closing fulcrum of the lid 60a are arranged on the same rear side, even if the lid 60a is opened when the fertilizer hopper 60 is tilted, the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper does not easily fall off. At the normal position where the lower part of the fertilizer hopper 60 is connected to the upper end of the fertilizer feeding part 61,... When the amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 60 falls below a certain level, a capacitance type hopper sensor S provided on the back side of the hopper detects and issues a warning. In the case of the capacitance type sensor, there is an advantage that protrusions can be eliminated in the hopper, the flow of fertilizer is good, and the inside of the hopper can be easily cleaned. Also, since the capacitance type sensor can be easily moved up and down, it is easy to change the amount of fertilizer that issues a warning. As shown in the figure, if two adjacent stripes are detected by one hopper sensor, the number of sensors can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. At the lower part of the fertilizer hopper 60, a fertilizer hopper 6 is provided.
When the supply of fertilizer from 0 to the fertilizer feeding unit 61 is stopped,
An opening / closing shutter 73 for preventing the fertilizer from flowing out when the fertilizer hopper 60 is rotated is provided. The open / close shutter 73 is slidably supported by a slide support member 74, and is slidable between a closed position indicated by a solid line and an open position indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. I have. Since the locking member 72 cannot be removed unless the opening / closing shutter 73 is closed, the fertilizer is prevented from flowing out by rotating the fertilizer hopper 60 while the shutter 73 is opened by mistake. Further, a spacer 75 is formed below the opening / closing shutter 73 so as to be inserted into an upper portion of the fertilizer feeding section while being connected to the fertilizer feeding section 61. The purpose of this spacer 75 is to close the opening / closing shutter 73 and turn the fertilizer hopper 60 in a state where the fertilizer is contained in the fertilizer hopper 60 and to turn the fertilizer feeding section 61 above the upper end and below the opening / closing shutter 73. Is to flow into the space in which the spacer 75 has been retracted to prevent the fertilizer from spilling. The fertilizer feeding section 61 has a built-in feeding roll 76 for feeding the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 60 downward. The feeding roll 76 is a rotating body having a plurality of (six in the illustrated example) grooves 77,... Into which fertilizer enters into the outer peripheral portion, and is a square shaft portion 78a of a feeding shaft 78 provided in the left-right direction (in the illustrated example, FIG. (Square shafts) so as to rotate together. When the feeding roll 76 rotates in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 7, the fertilizer dropped and supplied from the fertilizer hopper 60 is accommodated in the groove 77 and fed downward. The fertilizer fed by the feeding roll 76 is discharged from the discharge port 61a at the lower end. Since each groove 77 is formed so as to be twisted with respect to the feeding shaft 78, there is a time difference in the feeding of the fertilizer at each portion of the groove, and the fertilizer is continuously fed as a whole. For this reason, even if the feeding roll 76 is rotated at a low speed, no fertilizer-free area is formed in the field. On the front side of the feeding roll 76, a brush 79 that slides on the outer peripheral surface of the feeding roll 76 is provided detachably. By restricting the brush 79 from receiving the fertilizer overflowing from the groove 77 and dropping downward, the fertilizer is housed in the groove 77 in a sliding state, and the amount of fertilizer fed out is kept constant. A connection pipe 80 communicating in the front-back direction is connected to the discharge port 61a of the fertilizer feeding section 61. And
The fertilizing hose 62 is connected to the rear end of the connection pipe 80. On the other hand, the front end of each connecting pipe 80 is inserted and connected to the back of the air chamber 68. Air chamber 68
Is connected to a blower 67 via an air switching pipe 81, and air from the blower is blown into a fertilizing hose 62 from a connection pipe 80 via an air chamber 68. A blower switch 67a for turning on / off the blower 67 is provided near the left and right center of the rear side of the fertilizer hopper. By providing the blower switch at this position, the blower switch can be used from the same place when setting the blower 67 from the storage position to the working position on the left side of the machine before the work and when operating the later-described fertilizer collection lever 90 on the right side of the machine at the time of collecting fertilizer. It is convenient because it can reach 67a. On the rear side of the feed roll 76, a fertilizer discharge port (powder discharge) 83 is formed at a position where the lower end is lower than the upper end of the feed roll 76. The fertilizer discharge port 83 is inclined backward and downward, and a discharge shutter 84 that can be freely opened and closed with its upper end serving as a fulcrum is attached to an intermediate portion thereof. The rear end of the fertilizer discharge port 83 of each feeding section is connected to a fertilizer collecting pipe 85 that is provided in the rear of the fertilizer feeding section 61 and that is long in the left-right direction. The left end of the fertilizer collection pipe 85 is connected to the blower 67 via the air switching pipe 81. The air switching pipe 81 is a bifurcated pipe, and one of the air switching pipes 81 is an air chamber 68.
, And a fertilizer collection pipe 85 is connected to the other end.
The air switching pipe 81 is provided with an air switching shutter 86,
The state in which the air blown out from the blower 67 is supplied to the air chamber side and the state in which the air is supplied to the fertilizer collection pipe side can be switched. The right end of the fertilizer collection pipe 85 is bent downward, and a collection chute 87 is connected to the tip.
The collection chute 87 is made of a flexible material such as a woven fabric. A ring-shaped elastic body 88 having a certain weight is attached to the recovery port at the tip of the recovery chute 87 to prevent the recovery chute 87 from shaking due to wind or the like and from being deformed. FIGS. 12 and 13 show another example of the fertilizer collection pipe. The fertilizer recovery pipe 85A of FIG. 12 is configured to be slidably connected to a plurality of pipes having different diameters so as to be able to expand and contract. The fertilizer collection pipe 85B in FIG. 13 is configured to be able to expand and contract by forming a bellows shape. When the fertilizer collection pipe is expandable and contractable as described above, the fertilizer can be easily collected from the machine stopped in the field to the collection container on the ridge. FIG. 10 is a view showing an opening / closing mechanism of the discharge shutter and the air switching shutter. A fertilizer recovery lever 90 is rotatably provided on the fertilizer recovery port side. The feeding portion 61 is coaxial with the pivot 90 a of the fertilizer recovery lever 90.
, A shutter opening / closing transmission shaft 91 that is long in the left-right direction and is disposed at the front side of the shutter. A fan-shaped plate 92 is attached to the shutter opening / closing transmission shaft 91, and a pin 90 b fixed to the fertilizer collection lever 90 is loosely fitted into an arc-shaped long hole 92 a formed in the fan-shaped plate 92. An opening / closing gear 93 is attached to the shutter opening / closing transmission shaft 91 for each feeding portion.
a meshes with a semicircular gear 94 attached to a. Since the stopper portion 94a having a diameter larger than the teeth of the semicircular gear 94 is formed at the end of the semicircular gear 94, the engagement between the two gears does not occur. One end of an air switching wire 95 is connected to the fertilizer collection lever 90.
The other end of the air switching wire 95 is connected to an arm 96 attached to a rotation shaft 86a of the air switching shutter 86 via a tension spring 97. When the fertilizer recovery lever 90 is rotated, the air switching wire 95 is pulled to switch the air switching shutter 86, and the air drawn from the blower 67 is supplied to the fertilizer recovery pipe 85. As long as the amount of turning operation of the fertilizer recovery lever 90 is small, the pin 90b only moves in the elongated hole 92a, so that the shutter opening / closing transmission shaft 9
1 does not rotate. However, when the fertilizer recovery lever 90 is rotated by a certain amount or more, the pin 90b engages with the sector plate 92, and the shutter opening / closing transmission shaft 91 rotates. As a result, the discharge shutters 84,.
The fertilizer in the area 0 is discharged to the fertilizer collection pipe 85. That is, 1
The air switching shutter 86 and the discharge shutters 84 can be operated only by operating the lever. In addition, inevitably, air is first supplied to the fertilizer collection pipe 85, and thereafter, the fertilizer is discharged to the fertilizer collection pipe 85. Therefore, the transfer of the fertilizer in the fertilizer collection pipe 85 is performed smoothly, and the fertilizer collection pipe 85 is not clogged. In addition, since the fertilizer collection lever 90 is provided near the fertilizer collection port 87, a fertilizer collection container or the like can be easily secured below the fertilizer collection port 87, and work can be performed while checking the fertilizer collection status. It is convenient. The fertilizer recovery lever 90 is designed to rotate along a lever guide 98. Guide holes 98a and 98b are formed in the lever guide 98,
Using the deflection of the fertilizer recovery lever 90, the fertilizer recovery lever 9
By engaging the engaging portion (not shown) of No. 0 with the guide holes 98a, 98b, the fertilizer collection lever 90 is switched to the position P1 where only the air switching shutter 86 is switched, and the air switching shutter 86 and the discharge shutter 84,. Can be fixed at the position P2 where both can be switched. Next, the fertilizer transmission mechanism 27 will be described. From the planting clutch case 25, the fertilizing power is taken out upward. The fertilizing power is transmitted to the feeding transmission case 101 via the hydraulic continuously variable transmission 100. The hydraulic continuously variable transmission 100 is a forward / reverse rotation switching transmission unit capable of continuously shifting in both forward and reverse directions. Extension transmission case 1
01 includes a first bevel gear mechanism 102 for changing the transmission direction to forward, a fertilization clutch 103 for performing transmission on / off operation with a clutch pin 103a, and a clutch shaft 103 for front-rear direction.
and a second bevel gear mechanism 104 for transmitting the rotation of b to the horizontal drive drive shaft 105. The fertilizing power transmitted to the feeding drive shaft 105 is transmitted to a cylindrical shaft 107 rotatably fitted on the feeding drive shaft 105 via a pair of fertilizing clutches 106, and furthermore, a pair of feeding transmission gears 1 is provided.
The power is transmitted from the cylinder shaft 107 to the feeding shaft 79 via the line 08.
The fertilizer application clutch 106 is operated by a fertilizer application clutch lever 110. During the fertilization operation, the feed roll 76 is rotated forward (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 7), and the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 60 is fed downward and discharged from the discharge port 61a. Discharge port 61a
From the connection pipe 80 and the fertilizer hose 62
Carried by the air blown out from the blower 67,
The fertilizer is supplied to the field from a fertilizer guide 63 provided at the tip of the fertilizer hose 62. By adjusting the hydraulic continuously variable transmission 100 to change the rotation speed of the feeding shaft 105, the amount of fertilizer discharge can be adjusted steplessly. At the time of collecting the fertilizer, the feeding roll 76 is reversed, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 60 is discharged from the fertilizer discharge port 83. The discharged fertilizer is carried by the air blown from the blower 67 through the fertilizer collection pipe 85 and the collection chute 87, is discharged from a collection port at the tip of the collection chute, and is collected in a collection container or the like. Since the feeding roll 76 forcibly feeds the fertilizer in the hopper to the fertilizer discharge port side, the collection efficiency is good and the fertilizer can be collected up to the last grain without remaining on the feeding roll 83. Switching of the rotation direction of the feeding roll 76 is performed by the hydraulic stepless transmission 10.
0 makes it easy. The main body of the fertilizer applicator described above includes a fertilizer application frame 7 fixed to the upper end of the link base frame 42.
0 supported. Then, on the rear side of the fertilizer application frame 70, a fertilizer collection pipe 85 is disposed at a position vertically sandwiched between the feed transmission case 101 and the fertilizer application hose 62. The feeding transmission case 101 has a concave shape in which the lower side is dented in a side view,
The upper part of the fertilizer collection pipe 85 has entered the recess. With this arrangement, the main body of the fertilizer applicator can be made compact.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side view of a riding fertilizer rice transplanter. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the riding fertilizer rice transplanter. FIG. 3 is a rear view of the fertilizer application device. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the fertilizer application device. FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of one section of the fertilizer applicator. FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of a section different from FIG. 5 of the fertilizer applicator. FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of a granular material feeding section. FIG. 8 is a front cross-sectional view of the powdery material feeding section. FIG. 9 is a front view of a feeding roll. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an opening / closing mechanism of a discharge shutter and an air switching shutter. FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an extension transmission case. FIG. 12 is a rear view of another example 1 of the fertilizer collection pipe. FIG. 13 is a rear view of another example 2 of the fertilizer collection pipe. [Description of Signs] 1 Fertilizer application planter (powder and granular material discharger) 5 Fertilizer application device 60 Fertilizer hopper 61 Fertilizer feeding section 61a Discharge port 62 Fertilizer hose 76 Feeding roll 77 Groove 79 Brush 83 Fertilizer discharge port 84 Discharge shutter 85 Fertilizer collection pipe 100 Hydraulic continuously variable transmission (forward / reverse switching transmission)

   ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (72) Inventor Takashi Ikeda             1 Iseki Agricultural Machinery, 1 Hachikura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture             Technology Department (72) Inventor Hisashi Kamiya             1 Iseki Agricultural Machinery, 1 Hachikura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture             Technology Department (72) Inventor Ichiro Watanabe             1 Iseki Agricultural Machinery, 1 Hachikura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture             Technology Department (72) Inventor Mitsutaka Izumi             1 Iseki Agricultural Machinery, 1 Hachikura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture             Technology Department F-term (reference) 2B052 BC05 BC08 BC09 BC16 EB08                       EC09

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A rotation of a pay-out roll having a groove formed in an outer peripheral portion thereof into which a granular material enters, whereby a powder material in a hopper located above the pay-out roll is discharged to a lower discharge port. In the powder and granular material discharger that feeds out to the field, a forward / reverse switching transmission unit is provided on the transmission path to the feed roll, so that the feed roll can be selectively switched to either forward or reverse rotation, and the feed roll becomes powdery. On the side where the groove moves from top to bottom in the normal rotation state where the particles are fed to the feeding outlet, a brush is provided to restrict the powder particles overflowing from the groove from falling down and the feeding roll is rotated in reverse. On the side where the groove moves from top to bottom when in the state,
A granular material discharger, wherein a granular material discharge port is provided so that at least a part thereof is positioned lower than an upper end of a feeding roll.