JP2003197487A - Electric double-layer capacitor - Google Patents
Electric double-layer capacitorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003197487A JP2003197487A JP2001399586A JP2001399586A JP2003197487A JP 2003197487 A JP2003197487 A JP 2003197487A JP 2001399586 A JP2001399586 A JP 2001399586A JP 2001399586 A JP2001399586 A JP 2001399586A JP 2003197487 A JP2003197487 A JP 2003197487A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electric double
- capacitor
- carbon dioxide
- double layer
- layer capacitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Landscapes
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電気二重層キャパ
シタに関し、特に、その特性劣化の低減に関わるもので
ある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor, and more particularly to reduction of characteristic deterioration thereof.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電気二重層キャパシタは、電荷を有する
固体とそれに接触する液体の界面に形成される、厚さ数
ｎｍ程度の電気二重層を、誘電体として利用したもので
ある。電気二重層の容量は、１ｃｍ２あたり数十μＦで
あるが、表面積が数千ｍ２にも及ぶ活性炭を電極として
用いることにより、数百〜数千Ｆの極めて大きな容量を
得ることが可能である。2. Description of the Related Art An electric double layer capacitor uses, as a dielectric, an electric double layer having a thickness of about several nanometers, which is formed at the interface between a solid having a charge and a liquid in contact with the solid. The capacity of the electric double layer is several tens of μF per cm 2 , but by using activated carbon having a surface area of several thousand m 2 as an electrode, it is possible to obtain an extremely large capacity of several hundred to several thousand F. is there.
【０００３】そして、電気二重層キャパシタには、下記
のように、電池とコンデンサの中間のような特徴を有
し、実用に供されるとともに、さらなる性能向上のため
の検討がなされている。
（１）充放電サイクルに伴う容量の劣化が少ない。
（２）一般的な電池に比較して、起動後に瞬時に大きな
出力を取り出せる。The electric double layer capacitor has the following intermediate characteristics between a battery and a capacitor and is put to practical use, and studies have been made to further improve its performance. (1) There is little deterioration in capacity due to charge / discharge cycles. (2) A large output can be taken out instantly after starting as compared with a general battery.
【０００４】現用の電気二重層キャパシタで、小型のも
のは、集電体上に活性炭を主とする分極性電極層を形成
した一対の分極性電極の間に、ポリプロピレン不織布な
どからなるセパレータを挟んで素子とし、この素子に電
解液を含浸させ、金属ケースに収容し、封口板とガスケ
ットにより金属容器に密封したコイン型の構造をとって
いる。A small electric double layer capacitor currently in use has a separator made of polypropylene nonwoven fabric sandwiched between a pair of polarizable electrodes each having a polarizable electrode layer composed mainly of activated carbon formed on a current collector. The device has a coin-type structure in which the device is impregnated with an electrolytic solution, housed in a metal case, and sealed in a metal container with a sealing plate and a gasket.
【０００５】この他に比較的大容量のものとして、シー
ト状の分極性電極、集電体、セパレータを積層して渦巻
状に巻き回して素子とし、この素子に電解液を含浸さ
せ、金属ケースに収容し、容器の開口部を封口部材で密
閉して構成した、巻き回し型の電気二重層キャパシタが
製造されている。これらの電気二重層キャパシタは主に
ＩＣメモリのバックアップやアクチュエータのバックア
ップに使用されている。In addition to this, as a relatively large capacity, a sheet-shaped polarizable electrode, a current collector and a separator are laminated and spirally wound to form an element, and the element is impregnated with an electrolytic solution to form a metal case. , And a wound-type electric double layer capacitor is manufactured, in which the opening of the container is sealed with a sealing member. These electric double layer capacitors are mainly used for backup of IC memories and actuators.
【０００６】これらの電気二重層キャパシタを構成する
従来の分極性電極は、大表面積を有する活性炭を主とす
るものであり、巻回型のキャパシタでは、活性炭粉末な
どをポリテトラフルオロエチレン（以下、ＰＴＦＥと記
す）をバインダーとして混練し、シート状に形成したも
のが、またコイン型では上記シート状活性炭もしくは活
性炭繊維布が用いられている。The conventional polarizable electrodes forming these electric double layer capacitors are mainly made of activated carbon having a large surface area, and in the wound type capacitor, activated carbon powder or the like is changed to polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter, referred to as (Hereinafter referred to as PTFE) is kneaded as a binder to form a sheet, and in the coin type, the above sheet-like activated carbon or activated carbon fiber cloth is used.
【０００７】そして、前記電気二重層キャパシタの信頼
性向上の上での課題の一つに、微量の水分混入による特
性劣化がある。ここで問題になる水分は、製造工程にお
ける雰囲気などからの混入や、活性炭粉末に含まれる微
量の水分が充放電サイクルで放出されることなどに由来
する。また、前記の水分の他に、金属ケース内では、電
解液の電気分解により、水素や二酸化炭素などのガスが
発生し、内部抵抗上昇や静電容量低下という問題に繋が
る。[0007] One of the problems in improving the reliability of the electric double layer capacitor is the deterioration of characteristics due to the inclusion of a small amount of water. The water content which is a problem here is derived from the fact that it is mixed from the atmosphere in the manufacturing process and that a small amount of water contained in the activated carbon powder is released in the charge / discharge cycle. In addition to the water content described above, in the metal case, gas such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide is generated by electrolysis of the electrolytic solution, which leads to problems such as increase in internal resistance and decrease in capacitance.
【０００８】そして、この現象は、前記のシート状の分
極性電極、集電体、セパレータを積層して渦巻状に巻き
回して金属ケースに封入したタイプでは、容量が大きい
分、ガスの発生量も多いため、特性への影響が著しく、
はなはだしい場合は、ガス圧により金属ケースの変形な
どをひき起こすことがあった。This phenomenon is caused by the large amount of gas generated in the type in which the sheet-like polarizable electrode, the current collector, and the separator are stacked, spirally wound and enclosed in a metal case. Since there are many, the effect on the characteristics is significant,
In extreme cases, the gas pressure could cause deformation of the metal case.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従って、本発明の技術
的な課題は、前記の問題を解決するため、金属ケース内
で発生するガス、特に二酸化炭素を速やかに除去して特
性の劣化を抑制し得る、信頼性の高い電気二重層キャパ
シタを提供することにある。Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical problem of the present invention is to quickly remove the gas, especially carbon dioxide, generated in the metal case to suppress the deterioration of the characteristics. Another object is to provide a reliable electric double layer capacitor.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、二酸化炭素と
速やかに反応して、ガスの影響を解消し得る物質を金属
ケース内に導入することを検討した結果なされたもので
ある。The present invention was made as a result of studying the introduction of a substance capable of rapidly reacting with carbon dioxide to eliminate the influence of gas into a metal case.
【００１１】即ち、本発明は、分極性電極と集電体とセ
パレータの積層体を巻き回してなるキャパシタ素子と、
前記キャパシタが挿入されてなる金属ケースと、前記キ
ャパシタに含浸された電解液と、前記金属ケースを封口
する封口部材からなる電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、
前記金属ケース内にガス吸着層が設けられてなることを
特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタである。That is, the present invention is a capacitor element formed by winding a laminate of a polarizable electrode, a current collector and a separator,
In an electric double layer capacitor comprising a metal case in which the capacitor is inserted, an electrolytic solution impregnated in the capacitor, and a sealing member for sealing the metal case,
The electric double layer capacitor is characterized in that a gas adsorption layer is provided in the metal case.
【００１２】また、本発明は、前記の電気二重層キャパ
シタにおいて、前記ガス吸収層は、アルカリ金属、アル
カリ土類金属の水酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも１種で
あることを特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタである。In the electric double layer capacitor according to the present invention, the gas absorption layer is at least one selected from hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. It is a capacitor.
【００１３】また、本発明は、前記の電気二重層キャパ
シタにおいて、前記ガス吸収層は、水酸化リチウムから
なることを特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタである。Further, the present invention is the above electric double layer capacitor, wherein the gas absorption layer is made of lithium hydroxide.
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】一般に、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウムなど
のアルカリ金属や、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、カルシ
ウムなどのアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物は、二酸化炭素
と反応して炭酸塩を生成する。その中でも水酸化リチウ
ムは反応性が高く、これを用いることで、高効率で小型
の二酸化炭素吸収層が得られる。In general, hydroxides of alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium and alkaline earth metals such as beryllium, magnesium and calcium react with carbon dioxide to form carbonates. Among them, lithium hydroxide has high reactivity, and by using it, a highly efficient and small carbon dioxide absorption layer can be obtained.
【００１５】このような二酸化炭素吸収層を、電気二重
層キャパシタに応用することで、前記の酸化炭素ガスの
発生に起因する特性劣化など、種々の障害を抑制するこ
とが可能となる。By applying such a carbon dioxide absorption layer to an electric double layer capacitor, it becomes possible to suppress various obstacles such as characteristic deterioration due to the generation of carbon oxide gas.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、具体的な例を挙げ、本発明
の実施の形態について説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples.
【００１７】図１は、本発明の実施の形態として調製し
た、ガス吸収層を有する電気二重層キャパシタの概略を
示す断面図である。図１において、１０１は水酸化リチ
ウムからなるガス吸収層、１０２は分極性電極と集電体
とセパレータの積層体を巻き回してなるキャパシタ素
子、１０３は、アルミニウムからなる外装ケース、１０
４はゴムキャップ、１０５はアルミニウムからなる電極
リードである。二酸化炭素吸収層１０１は、平均粒径が
８０μｍの水酸化リチウム粉末を、ポリプロピレンの不
職布のケースに封入した構成である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing an electric double layer capacitor having a gas absorption layer prepared as an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 101 is a gas absorption layer made of lithium hydroxide, 102 is a capacitor element formed by winding a laminate of a polarizable electrode, a current collector and a separator, 103 is an outer case made of aluminum, 10
Reference numeral 4 is a rubber cap, and 105 is an electrode lead made of aluminum. The carbon dioxide absorption layer 101 has a structure in which lithium hydroxide powder having an average particle diameter of 80 μm is enclosed in a case of polypropylene unwoven cloth.
【００１８】図２は、キャパシタ素子の概略を示す斜視
図である。図２において、２０１はセパレータ、２０２
は正極側の分極性電極、２０３は正極側の集電体、２０
４は負極側の分極性電極、２０５は負極側の集電体、２
０６は電極リードで、それぞれの極の集電体に電気的に
接続されている。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the outline of the capacitor element. In FIG. 2, 201 is a separator, and 202
Is a polarizable electrode on the positive electrode side, 203 is a collector on the positive electrode side, 20
4 is a polarizable electrode on the negative electrode side, 205 is a current collector on the negative electrode side, 2
Reference numeral 06 is an electrode lead, which is electrically connected to the collector of each pole.
【００１９】セパレータ２０１は、ポリプロピレンの不
職布からなり、集電体２０３、２０５は、厚さ３０μｍ
のアルミニウム箔からなり、活性炭粉末やその他の添加
剤とをＰＴＦＥをバインダーとして混練し、集電体２０
３、２０５の上に厚さが１００μｍとなるように塗布し
て分極性電極２０２、２０４を形成した。The separator 201 is made of polypropylene non-woven cloth, and the current collectors 203 and 205 have a thickness of 30 μm.
Current collector 20 made of aluminum foil and kneaded with activated carbon powder and other additives using PTFE as a binder.
The polarizable electrodes 202 and 204 were formed by coating on Nos. 3 and 205 so that the thickness was 100 μm.
【００２０】前記のように構成した積層体を渦巻状に巻
き回し、電極リード２０６を集電体にカシメにより取り
付け、キャパシタ素子とした。電解液としては、０.７
ｍｏｌ／ｌの濃度に調整したテトラエチルアンモニウム
テトラフルオロボレート−プロピレンカーボネート溶液
を用いた。また、比較例として、ガス吸収層を設けない
他は、前記と同様にして電気二重層キャパシタの試料を
調製した。The laminated body constructed as described above was spirally wound, and the electrode lead 206 was attached to the current collector by caulking to obtain a capacitor element. The electrolyte is 0.7
A tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate-propylene carbonate solution adjusted to a concentration of mol / l was used. In addition, as a comparative example, a sample of the electric double layer capacitor was prepared in the same manner as above except that the gas absorption layer was not provided.
【００２１】次に、前記の実施例と比較例の電気二重層
キャパシタを印加電圧２.７Ｖで充電し、約５０ｍＡで
放電した場合の初期静電容量と等価直列抵抗（Equivale
ntSeries Resistance：以下ＥＳＲと記す）を測定し、
引き続き、２.７Ｖの電圧を印加しながら７０℃の恒温
槽中で、１０００時間保持した後の容量とＥＳＲを測定
した。表１は、これらの結果を示したものである。Next, the electric double layer capacitors of the above-mentioned embodiment and comparative example were charged at an applied voltage of 2.7 V and discharged at about 50 mA, and the initial capacitance and the equivalent series resistance (Equivale).
ntSeries Resistance: hereinafter referred to as ESR)
Subsequently, the capacity and ESR were measured after holding for 1000 hours in a constant temperature bath at 70 ° C. while applying a voltage of 2.7V. Table 1 shows these results.
【００２２】[0022]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２３】表１の結果から明らかなように、実施例の
電気二重層キャパシタは、比較例と比較して、恒温槽を
用いた処理による、容量及びＥＳＲの変化が少なく、長
期信頼性が高い電気二重層キャパシタであることが分か
る。As is clear from the results shown in Table 1, the electric double layer capacitors of the examples have less change in capacity and ESR due to the treatment using the constant temperature bath and have higher long-term reliability than the comparative examples. It can be seen that it is an electric double layer capacitor.
【００２４】このように、本発明の電気二重層キャパシ
タは、ケース内に水酸化リチウムからなるガス吸着層を
設けてあり、発生ガスの主成分である二酸化炭素を吸着
するので、それに伴う特性劣化を抑制できる。なお、実
施例では、ガス吸着層に水酸化リチウムを封入したが、
ゼオライト、活性炭等の吸着材と組み合わせることで、
使用中に生成する二酸化炭素以外の特性劣化の要因とな
る物質も吸収するので、さらに効果を向上できる。As described above, the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is provided with the gas adsorption layer made of lithium hydroxide in the case and adsorbs carbon dioxide which is the main component of the generated gas. Can be suppressed. In the example, lithium hydroxide was enclosed in the gas adsorption layer,
By combining with an adsorbent such as zeolite or activated carbon,
Since substances other than carbon dioxide, which are generated during use, which cause deterioration of characteristics are also absorbed, the effect can be further improved.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】以上に説明したように、本発明によれ
ば、分極性電極と集電体とセパレータの積層体を巻き回
し、電解液を含浸してなるキャパシタ素子を、金属ケー
スに封入した電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、電解液の
分解などで生成する二酸化炭素の影響を解消することが
できるので、長期信頼性を向上することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, the capacitor element obtained by winding the laminate of the polarizable electrode, the current collector and the separator and impregnating the electrolytic solution is sealed in the metal case. In the electric double layer capacitor, it is possible to eliminate the influence of carbon dioxide generated by decomposition of the electrolytic solution, etc., and thus it is possible to improve long-term reliability.
【図１】本発明の電気二重層キャパシタの概略を示す断
面図。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an outline of an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention.
【図２】キャパシタ素子の概略を示す斜視図。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an outline of a capacitor element.
１０１ 二酸化炭素吸収層 １０２ キャパシタ素子 １０３ 外装ケース １０４ ゴムキャップ １０５，２０６ 電極リード ２０１ セパレータ ２０２ 正極側の分極性電極 ２０３ 正極側の集電体 ２０４ 負極側の分極性電極 ２０５ 負極側の集電体 101 Carbon dioxide absorption layer 102 Capacitor element 103 exterior case 104 rubber cap 105,206 Electrode lead 201 separator 202 Polarizable electrode on the positive electrode side 203 Current collector on the positive electrode side 204 Negative polarizable electrode 205 Current collector on the negative electrode side
Claims (3)
体を巻き回してなるキャパシタ素子と、前記キャパシタ
が挿入されてなる金属ケースと、前記キャパシタに含浸
された電解液と、前記金属ケースを封口する封口部材か
らなる電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、前記金属ケース
内にガス吸着層が設けられてなることを特徴とする電気
二重層キャパシタ。1. A capacitor element formed by winding a laminated body of a polarizable electrode, a current collector and a separator, a metal case in which the capacitor is inserted, an electrolytic solution impregnated in the capacitor, and the metal case. An electric double layer capacitor including a sealing member for sealing a gas, wherein a gas adsorption layer is provided in the metal case.
において、前記ガス吸収層は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ
土類金属の水酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも１種である
ことを特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタ。2. The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the gas absorption layer is at least one selected from hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. Capacitors.
記載の電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、前記ガス吸収層
は、水酸化リチウムからなることを特徴とする電気二重
層キャパシタ。3. The electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas absorption layer is made of lithium hydroxide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001399586A JP2003197487A (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2001-12-28 | Electric double-layer capacitor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001399586A JP2003197487A (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2001-12-28 | Electric double-layer capacitor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003197487A true JP2003197487A (en) | 2003-07-11 |
Family
ID=27604550
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001399586A Pending JP2003197487A (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2001-12-28 | Electric double-layer capacitor |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006261516A (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Electric double layer capacitor |
| WO2007066372A2 (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-14 | Saes Getters S.P.A. | Electrolytic capacitors comprising means in the form of a multilayer polymeric sheet for the sorption of harmful substances |
| US7282464B2 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2007-10-16 | Nancy Lydia Kimmel | Activated carbon mesh fiber matrix embedded with lithium hydroxide and zeolite crystals |
| WO2008148778A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Saes Getters S.P.A. | Rechargeable lithium batteries comprising means for the sorption of harmful substances in the form of a multilayer polymeric sheet |
| JP2010505258A (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2010-02-18 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Energy storage module |
| WO2010090193A1 (en) * | 2009-02-04 | 2010-08-12 | リケンテクノス株式会社 | Film capable of oxidizing carbon monoxide and use thereof |
| WO2011096048A1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-11 | リケンテクノス株式会社 | Porous film capable of attaining oxidation treatment of carbon monoxide, and use thereof |
| US8081417B2 (en) | 2006-01-16 | 2011-12-20 | Saes Getters S.P.A. | Electrolytic capacitor comprising means for the sorption of harmful substances |
| KR101138570B1 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-05-10 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Electrochemical capacitor |
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