JP2003184032A - Shock absorbing structure for bridge - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shock absorbing structure for a bridge, which is small in size, light in weight, simple in structure, has large absorption of compressed energy compared with resistance, is good in corrosion resistance, water resistance, weatherability, etc., commercially available on a maintenance-free basis not only for a bridge in an inland area but also for a bridge in a coastal zone or an ocean connecting bridge, and can prevent impact fracture of a superstructure or a lower structure of the bridge due to an earthquake, etc., or falling accidents of the superstructure, as far as possible. <P>SOLUTION: The shock absorbing structure for the bridge is constructed by arranging the shock absorbing members between the superstructures forming the bridge, between the superstructure and the lower structure, between the lower structure having a bridge fall preventive wall and the superstructure, and at a jig connecting the superstructures together or the superstructure and the lower structure together. The shock absorbing member is a molded body which is molded of a material having a bending modulus of 200 kgf/cm<SP>2</SP>or more, and has a wall structure in a shock load direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention mitigates the impact caused by the collision between a superstructure and a substructure when a bridge structure such as a highway is impacted by an earthquake or the like, and prevents damage.
Furthermore, to prevent the superstructure from falling from the substructure,
A bridge that has been improved so that shocks can be absorbed and mitigated by arranging shock absorbers in the jigs that connect the superstructures, the contact between the superstructures and substructures, the superstructures, and the superstructures and substructures. Structure, that is, the shock absorbing structure of the bridge.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Accidents of a bridge caused by an impact such as an earthquake
Most of them are due to impact destruction or separation due to collision between superstructures in the bridge structure or connection between superstructures and substructures, and this fact has been confirmed in the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake.

By the way, as a method for preventing the bridge from falling, a method for forming a protrusion for preventing displacement and a bridge-prevention wall on the upper part of the substructure or the lower part of the superstructure, a PC steel material or an anchor bar for the superstructure and the substructure, etc. There have been adopted methods such as a method of connecting with each other and a method of connecting adjacent superstructures with each other by a PC steel material or the like.

On the other hand, in bridge ruptures and bridge accidents that have been confirmed in the past earthquake disasters, many damages due to displacement in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis and damages presumed to be caused by shock vibration are often seen. For this reason, as a fall bridge prevention structure currently in practical use, it has a connection structure that can follow the movement in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis, and shocks using shock absorbers to absorb and mitigate shocking vibrations. Most of them are combinations of absorption structures.

As the absorbent used in such an impact absorbing structure, a rubber molded article having good restorability has been widely used. However, when it is installed in a very limited part such as a superstructure or a connecting part of superstructure and substructure, the impact absorbing capacity is insufficient because the size of the impact absorbing material is limited in the rubber molding. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory effect of preventing damage and prevention of falling bridges against strong and shocking vibrations. It is possible to increase the amount of shock absorption by using a thick rubber molded body or by stacking multiple rubber molded bodies, but this will increase the size of the shock absorbing material, so it should be placed in a limited area. Not only will it become difficult, but the material cost will also increase, and the weight will also increase.

As a shock absorbing material other than the rubber molding,
Although metal springs, friction shock absorbing members, hydraulic shock absorbing members, etc. are also known, metal springs have excellent shock absorbing performance, but since rusting is unavoidable, maintenance after construction is not possible. However, it is not suitable from the viewpoint of rust resistance and weather resistance as a shock absorber for bridges arranged in places exposed to salt water such as coastal areas and ocean bridges. Further, it has been pointed out that the friction type and hydraulic type shock absorbing members generally have a complicated structure, are very expensive and heavy, and that proper performance cannot be maintained without proper maintenance. It

On the other hand, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-12779, a hollow molded body made of a thermoplastic resin elastomer is used as a shock absorbing means using a resin molded body, and this is pre-compressed in the axial direction to give a permanent set. A technique for improving the impact absorption performance by disposing the above is disclosed. However, although this resin molded body has an excellent ability as an elastic body, it has a poor ability to absorb compression energy, and as a shock absorbing member for bridges to prevent falling bridges due to earthquakes, etc., it has satisfactory shock absorbing performance. I can't.

On the other hand, the present inventors have proposed a cushioning elastic resin molded body in which arched, dome-shaped or honeycomb-shaped compression deformable members are erected in multiple layers on a perforated or non-perforated flat plate made of elastic resin. We have developed a new shock absorber and are conducting research aiming for its practical application. This shock absorber is
It is suitable for applications where it is widely laid on the side walls of roads, floors of buildings, etc., and exerts uniform cushioning performance over a wide range. It is difficult to apply it to applications where it must be installed in a limited part such as a connecting part, and it is not possible to obtain sufficient shock absorbing performance.

Further, since the shock absorbing material in the bridge structure is often provided in the vicinity of the bearing portion of the superstructure in the substructure, it is desired that it does not hinder maintenance, such as inspection, maintenance and repair of the bearing portion. Therefore, the shock absorber is required to be small and lightweight and have a high shock absorbing capacity, that is, a large amount of compressive energy absorption as compared with the reaction force.
These requirements cannot be satisfied by the conventional shock absorbing material as described above.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its object is to be compact and lightweight and have a simple structure, and to compress in comparison with reaction force. It has a large amount of energy absorption, good rust resistance, water resistance, weather resistance, etc., and can be put into practical use without any maintenance when applied not only to inland areas but also to coastal bridges and ocean connecting bridges. By developing a shock absorber, and by using the shock absorber, shocks for bridges that can prevent shock destruction of superstructures and substructures due to earthquakes, etc. and falling accidents of superstructures as much as possible It is intended to provide an absorbent structure.

[0011]

The shock absorbing structure according to the present invention, which has been able to solve the above-mentioned problems, includes a superstructure for constructing a bridge, a superstructure-a substructure, and a substructure having a fall prevention wall. Between superstructures, these superstructures or superstructures −
A shock-absorbing structure of a bridge in which a specific shock-absorbing material is arranged in a jig connecting substructures, and the shock-absorbing material is formed from a molded product formed of a material having a bending elastic modulus of 200 kgf / cm ² or more. It is characterized by having a wall structure in the impact load direction. Further, in order to more efficiently absorb the large energy due to the impact, it is preferable that the wall structure is a structure that absorbs the impact by being deformed by the compression by the impact and buckling or permanently deformed.

The features of the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention are as described above, but the concrete forms are roughly classified into the following two types. One type is a shock-absorbing material [hereinafter, shock-absorbing material (i)] that can absorb shocks over a wide area.
A shock absorbing structure using the shock absorbing material (i), which is mainly formed between the superstructure, the superstructure and the substructure that form the bridge, and the substructure and the superstructure having the bridge prevention wall. It has a structure that is installed. The other type has a structure in which a shock absorbing material is arranged on a jig for connecting superstructures or connecting superstructures and substructures. This has a relatively small shock absorbing material [hereinafter, shock absorbing material (ii) Is used.

The shock absorbing material (i) is formed of a molded product having a large number of wall structures in the impact load direction, and the wall structures are connected to each other at least in a part of the impact load direction and are isolated in the impact load direction. A room structure is preferable. In order to secure sufficient shock absorption performance that can cope with a sudden shock such as an earthquake, the amount of compression energy absorbed when the shock absorber (i) is compressed in the shock load direction is 50 tf · m /
m ³ or more is desirable, and in order to realize this, the bending elastic modulus is 500 to 20,000 kg as the material of the molded body.
It is preferable to use a resin of f / cm ² or a metal having a flexural modulus of 5,000 kgf / cm ² or more.

In order to further enhance the initial shock absorbing performance of the shock absorbing material (i), when a shock load is applied to the shock absorbing material (i), first, a specific portion of the wall structure in the shock loading direction is applied. It is preferable to have a structure that can be deformed. Examples of such a structure include a wall structure in the impact load direction that has a defect, a step, and a thin portion.
Are exemplified.

To efficiently absorb the impact energy,
It is preferable that the small chamber structure includes a repeating structure of small chambers having a polygonal cross section perpendicular to the impact absorption direction that is a hexagon or less, and a hexagonal honeycomb structure is particularly preferable.

On the other hand, the impact absorbing material (ii) has a plateau strength of the molded body of 400 tf / m ² or more, a compression energy absorption amount of 200 tf · m / m ³ or more, and an impact load of the impact absorbing material (ii). The directional wall structure is tubular. To meet these requirements, the shock absorber (i
As the constituent material of i), the bending elastic modulus is 200 to 5,000.
Resin of 0 kgf / cm ² or flexural modulus of 5,000
It is desirable to select a metal of 0 kgf / cm ² or more.

The impact absorbing material (ii) preferably has a flange portion, and when an impact load is applied to the impact absorbing material (ii), a specific portion of the wall structure in the impact load direction is deformed. It is also one of the preferable embodiments to have a structure having Preferred examples of such a structure include a structure having a hollow portion or a thin portion in a tubular wall structure in the impact load direction, or a bellows structure.

This shock absorbing material (ii) is installed at the end of a jig (for example, a connecting cable) for connecting the upper work or the upper work and the lower work, and the jig is used as the shock absorbing material (ii).
It is preferable to insert and arrange the same.

Impact absorbing materials (i), (ii) as described above
Should be installed on the jigs that connect the superstructures in the bridge structure, between the superstructures and substructures, between the substructures with the collapse prevention wall, and between the superstructures, or between the superstructures and substructures. In this way, it is possible to efficiently absorb and mitigate the impact on those contact parts, prevent impact damage to the nursing department and adjacent structures, and prevent falling accidents of superstructures, that is, bridge accidents. The impact-absorbing structure itself of a bridge provided with such a specific impact-absorbing material is a protection target of the present invention.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION As described above, the impact absorbing structure for a bridge according to the present invention includes a superstructure, a space between a superstructure and a substructure, a space between a substructure and a superstructure provided with a fall prevention wall, and an upper structure. When a shock absorber is installed on a jig connecting labor or superstructure-substructure, and when an impact force is applied to their contact parts due to an earthquake or the like, the impact is absorbed and alleviated to destroy or destroy them. The purpose of this is to prevent accidents involving the destruction of bridges, such as the loss of superstructure from work.

The impact absorbing material has a bending elastic modulus of 200 kg.
The impact absorbing material is formed of a material of f / cm ² or more, preferably 500 gkf / cm ² or more, and the impact absorbing material has a wall structure in the impact load direction. If the bending elastic modulus of the material forming the impact absorbing material is less than 200 kgf / cm ² , the impact absorbing material immediately undergoes elastic deformation when receiving an impact force due to insufficient rigidity, that is, impact due to insufficient impact energy absorption amount. I can't absorb enough force,
It is not possible to obtain a satisfactory shock absorbing effect. In order to compensate for this, it is necessary to thicken the wall structure of the impact absorbing material in the impact load direction, and as a result, the impact absorbing material must be made large, and the impact absorbing structure for bridges becomes large, and Out of the spirit. The wall structure in the impact load direction mentioned here is a structure having a wall substantially parallel to the impact load direction.

It is important for this wall structure to absorb the shock by compressing and buckling due to the shock, and in a structure that absorbs the shock force only by elastic deformation, it is a sudden and extremely large shock like an earthquake. If it is applied several times to several tens of times in a short time, sufficient energy absorption performance may not be exhibited, or resonance may occur to increase vibration of bridge superstructure and promote destruction rather than destruction of bridge structure. It will even happen.

There are roughly two types of shock absorbing structures according to the present invention which exert such a function. One is a shock using a shock absorbing material (i) capable of absorbing a shock on a wide surface to some extent. It is an absorption structure (I). This is a structure in which the impact absorbing material (i) is installed mainly between the superstructure, the superstructure and the substructure that form the bridge, and between the substructure and the superstructure having the fall prevention wall. Another type is
This is a type of shock absorbing structure (II) in which a shock absorbing material (ii) is arranged on a jig (for example, a connecting cable) that connects superstructures or superstructures to substructures. (I) is used. These two types of shock absorbers will be described in more detail.

The impact absorbing material (i) has a large number of wall structures in the impact load direction. This wall structure preferably has a compartment structure which is connected to each other on at least a part of the surface in the impact load direction and is isolated in the impact load direction. By providing such a small room structure, when a load is applied, the wall structure in the shock load direction, which is the partition surface of the small room structure, causes buckling deformation in a bellows shape, and absorbs the shock efficiently. You can It is preferable that the shock absorbing material (i) includes a repeating structure of polygonal small chambers having a hexagonal cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the shock absorbing direction of the small chamber structure, and among them, a hexagonal honeycomb is particularly preferable. It is a structure.

This small room structure may be a through-hole shape with both ends open in the impact load direction, a concave shape (hole shape) with one side closed, or a hollow shape with both ends closed.

Further, in order to further enhance the initial shock absorbing ability of the shock absorbing material (i), when a shock load is generated in the shock absorbing material, a specific portion of the wall structure of the shock absorbing material in the shock loading direction is first set. It is preferable to have a structure that can be deformed. Examples of such a structure include a structure having a cut portion, a step portion, or a thin portion in the wall structure in the impact load direction. With such a structure in which a specific portion of the wall structure is deformed, when an impact load is generated on the impact absorbing material (i), first, the specific portion is immediately deformed so that the initial impact absorption capacity is improved. It is possible to increase the height and further reduce the reaction force generated when a shock is applied.

Preferred constituents of the shock absorber (i)
As one of the materials, the bending elastic modulus is 500 to 20,000.
kgf / cm² Sufficient shock absorption
A more preferable elastic tree to secure the amount and shock absorbing effect
The lower limit of the flexural modulus of fat is 500 kgf / cm² And more
Preferably 800 kgf / cm² Above, more preferable
The limit is 10,000 kgf / cm² , And more preferably
4,000 kgf / cm ² It is the following.

As the elastic resin, any natural or synthetic resin can be used as long as it satisfies the above-mentioned flexural modulus, but preferred specific examples are thermoplastic polyester elastomers, polyolefin elastomers,
Examples thereof include polyurethane elastomers, polyamide elastomers, or blends thereof, and thermosetting resins such as cast polyurethane resins. Among them, particularly preferable are polyester polyesters having excellent weather resistance and water resistance. It is an elastomer or a polyolefin-based elastomer.

As another material of the shock absorbing material (i),
Various materials having a flexural modulus of 5,000 kgf / cm ² or more can be used, but it is desirable to use a material having excellent rust resistance and water resistance. Specific examples thereof include thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins, or fillers such as carbon black, talc and glass beads, and metal fibers, glass fibers, fibrous reinforcing materials such as carbon fibers,
It is also possible to use a thermoplastic resin reinforced with whiskers, a thermosetting resin, a metal or the like. As the metal, iron,
Aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, zinc, tin, lead,
Examples thereof include aluminum alloys such as duralumin, brass, stainless steel, and the like. Among them, particularly preferable are aluminum, copper, brass, duralumin, stainless steel, etc., which have excellent weather resistance and water resistance.

When a shock absorber is formed of these resins or metals, the reaction force rises too rapidly when the buckling deformation progresses and the small room serving as the escape space becomes smaller. Therefore, it is also effective to fill the small room with another shock absorbing material such as foamed resin or rubber. In addition, it is preferable to fill the inside of the small chamber with the impact absorbing material in this manner, because the invasion of dust and the like into the small chamber is prevented. Next, a concrete example of the shock absorbing material (i) will be shown, and the shock absorbing mechanism will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 is a sketch showing a typical example of the shock absorbing material used in the present invention, showing a honeycomb-shaped shock absorbing material integrally molded using an elastic resin satisfying the requirement of the bending elastic modulus. There is. The impact absorbing material 1 has a large number of hexagonal through-holes 2, 2, ... Formed at the same intervals in the impact load direction (vertical direction of the drawing).
The impact force is absorbed by the elastic deformation of the partition wall 3 for partitioning 2, ... And the buckling deformation in the direction of each through hole.

That is, the shock absorbing material of the present invention absorbs the shock by the elasticity of the partition wall 3 itself made of an elastic resin and the elastic deformation of the through holes 2, 2, ... Further, as shown in the figure, in the case where a continuous partition wall 3 is formed by forming a polygonal shape such as a honeycomb shape or a lattice shape in a plan view with a large number of through holes 2, 2, ... Penetrating in the impact load direction, A moderate rigidity is also given as a whole. As a result, the shock absorbing material as a whole has both a shock absorbing function due to the elastic deformation and an appropriate rigidity, and it is possible to efficiently absorb and mitigate the shock due to strong vibration or the like which is received by an earthquake or the like. Further, as shown in the drawing, through holes 2, 2, ...
If the step D is formed at a plurality of positions at the end of the partition wall 3 in the penetrating direction, the application concentrates on the part protruding from the step D when an impact is applied, causing buckling deformation. It becomes possible to more efficiently absorb the initial sudden shock by the buckling. Therefore, if the height H and the number of the stepped portions D are appropriately set according to the level of the assumed impact force, the initial shock absorbing capacity is enhanced and the reaction force generated when a shock is applied is further reduced. It becomes possible to do.

As described above, as another means for providing a step portion at a specific portion of the shock absorbing material and causing this portion to be buckled and deformed first to effectively absorb the initial sudden shock, the shock absorbing material is used. It is also possible to reduce the thickness of specific portions of the above or to provide a defective portion so that stress concentrates on these portions.

In order to give a satisfactory impact absorbing performance as this impact absorbing material, for example, the load (reaction force) when the molded body as shown in FIG. 1 is compressed in the through hole forming direction (vertical direction in the figure). A compression energy absorption amount obtained from a compression rate curve of 50 tf · m / m ³ or more, more preferably 100
It is preferable that tf · m / m ³ or more.

Here, the load (reaction force) -compression rate curve is a curve showing the correlation between the load (reaction force) and the compression rate when the impact absorbing material is compressed, and an example thereof is shown in FIG. Thus, in the initial stage of compression, the load (reaction force) -compression ratio curve rises sharply in proportion to the compression ratio, and thereafter the slope gradually becomes slower, and the load (reaction force) is almost constant despite the increase in compression ratio. It becomes constant and the reaction force locally reaches the plateau point at which the maximum value is reached. Further, even if a compressive force is applied, the partition wall 3 undergoes buckling deformation using the through holes 2, 2, ... As escape spaces, and a reaction force of a substantially constant level is generated while the buckling deformation of the partition wall 3 progresses. After the maintenance, when the through holes 2, 2, ... Which become the escape space become small, the curve rises sharply.

The plateau strength is a value obtained by dividing the maximum reaction force value in the flat portion after the first rising in the curve shown in FIG. 8 by the pressure receiving area of the shock absorbing material, and the compression specified in the present invention. Energy absorption is a compression rate of 80%
Means a value obtained by dividing the absorbed energy shown by the area surrounded by the curve (hatched area in FIG. 8) by the volume of the shock absorbing material. Although the plateau strength and the maximum stress value do not always match, the plateau strength is a value close to the maximum stress that the impacting object receives when the impact absorbing material receives an impact force, and is used as a guideline for the maximum stress value.

The plateau strength of the shock absorber (i) is 50 t.
f / m² Above, 5,000 tf / m ² To be
Preferably 100 tf / m² Above, 2,
000tf / m² It is the following.

When the plateau strength is insufficient, the function as an impact energy absorbing material is not sufficiently exerted. On the contrary, when the plateau strength is too large, the reaction force generated at the time of impact becomes large, and the superstructure or the substructure, Or, there is a risk that adjacent structures will be destroyed or a bridge will be collapsed. Therefore, in order to absorb the impact energy efficiently and to alleviate the impact, the first rise in the reaction force-compressibility curve is made as rapid as possible, and the decrease in the reaction force after passing the plateau point is minimized, It is effective to maintain the reaction force at a substantially constant level up to a high compression rate, which is less than the force at which adjacent objects and surrounding structures are destroyed. That is, as the hatched portion in FIG. 8 has a trapezoidal shape and the area thereof is wider, the amount of impact energy absorption increases.

From this point of view, as a result of various studies on physical properties required for the shock absorbing material (i) of the present invention, in order to sufficiently absorb the impact force and effectively prevent the destruction of the upper work and the lower work, The compression energy absorption is 50tf ・ m
/ M ³ or more, it was confirmed that it is more preferably to be between 100 tf · m / m ³ or more. By the way, in a conventionally known impact absorbing material such as a rubber molding, for example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in the stress-compressibility curve of 1., the initial rise is slow, so the amount of material used must be increased in order to secure a satisfactory amount of collision energy absorption. Not only is the size larger, but it is also larger and heavier.

However, in the shock absorber (i) having the above-described structure, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, the initial rise is rapid and the plateau strength is moderate, and the compressive force thereafter increases for about a while. After maintaining a constant reaction force level, at the end a sharp rise was shown, resulting in
Combined with the flexural modulus of the material itself, 50 tf · m /
It has a very high compression energy absorption amount of m ³ or more.

The preferred resins constituting the impact absorbing material are as shown above, but if necessary, various stabilizers such as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, heat stabilizers, dyes, etc. may be added to these resins. Filler such as pigment, carbon black, talc, glass beads, fiber reinforcing material such as metal fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, antistatic agent, plasticizer, flame retardant, foaming agent, release agent, etc. Of course, it is possible to mix and modify.

The shape thereof is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 1, and for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B), a grid-like object having a large number of rectangular or rhombic through holes formed therein, Further, of course, it may be a molded body having a large number of circular or elliptical or irregular through holes. The size may also be arbitrarily determined in consideration of the gap / size of the applied shock absorbing part and the expected degree of impact force. There is no limitation on the method of molding the absorbent material, and the injection molding method, the extrusion molding method,
Any method such as a press molding method can be adopted.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a main part illustrating a shock absorbing structure (I) of the present invention using the shock absorbing material (i), and FIG. 3 (A) is a top part of the substructure 5. Shock absorber 1
An example in which the superstructures 4 and 4 are placed so that they are directly sandwiched,
In FIG. 3B, the top of the substructure 5 is projected so that the projection 5a
3 (C) is an example in which the upper works 4 and 4 are abutted on both sides of the lower body 5 with the impact absorbing material 1 interposed therebetween, and FIG. 3 (C) shows the side wall of the L-shaped projection 5b of the lower work 5 having the L-shaped top. An example in which the superstructure 4 is arranged via the shock absorber 1, FIG. 3 (D) shows that the bracket 8 is provided on the superstructure 4 and the substructure 5 provided with the collapse prevention wall 7 is used. An example of arranging the shock absorbing material 1 in FIG. 3 (E) is shown in FIG.
An example in which the shock absorbing material 1 is arranged on the bridge prevention wall 7, FIG.
In (F), the bridge prevention wall 7 is placed on the substructure 5, and the superstructure 4
3 (G) shows an example in which the shock absorbers 1 and 1 are arranged on the inner wall of the substructure 5 having the bridge prevention walls standing upright on both sides and the bridge prevention wall 7b. 3 shows an example in which the superstructure 4 is arranged to absorb the impact in the lateral direction. In these drawings, reference numeral 6 represents a bearing member.

As described above, the shock absorbing structure (I) of the present invention is
By arranging the impact absorbing material (i) having the above-mentioned physical properties and shape, between the superstructures forming the bridge, between the superstructures and the substructures, or between the substructures and the superstructures having the bridge prevention wall. , It absorbs and alleviates the impact when a bridge structure receives an impact such as an earthquake, suppresses the impact damage of superstructures and substructures or adjacent structures, or prevents bridge accidents due to falling of superstructures. The connecting structure of the lower work and the upper work and the mounting position of the shock absorbing material 1 shown in FIG. 3 are only representative examples, and the present invention is not limited to these examples. Further, there is no limitation on the mounting method of the shock absorbing material 1, and a method of bolting to a nut embedded in advance, a method of fixing with a suitable mounting jig, etc. may be appropriately adopted.

Next, another shock absorber (ii) and a shock absorbing structure (II) using the same will be described in detail.

This type of shock absorbing structure includes a shock absorbing material (i.e., a jig for connecting upper work or upper work-lower work).
i) is installed. As the jig,
There are cables, rebar-shaped metal rods, metal plates, etc., and a shock absorbing material (i.
i) is provided.

This impact absorbing material (ii) has a plateau strength of 400 tf / m ² or more and a compression energy absorption amount of 20.
The wall structure of 0 tf · m / m ³ or more and in the impact load direction has a tubular shape.

The plateau strength of the shock absorber (ii) is 2
Preferably 0,000tf / m ² or less, more preferably in the range of 1,000~10,000tf / m ^2.

When the plateau strength is insufficient, the function as an impact energy absorbing material is not sufficiently exerted. On the contrary, when the plateau strength is too large, the reaction force generated at the time of impact becomes large and the superstructure or the substructure or There is a risk that adjacent structures will be destroyed or a bridge will be dropped.

In order to secure the above-mentioned physical properties, a bending elastic modulus of 200 kgf / cm ² or more is used as a constituent material of the molded body,
More preferably 400 kgf / cm ² or more, more preferably at 700 kgf / cm ² or more, 5,000 kgf /
cm ² or less, more preferably 4,000 kgf / cm ²
The following resins, or flexural modulus of 5,000kgf / c
It is desirable to select a metal or the like having a size of m ² or more. Preferable examples of these resins and metals are the same as those exemplified for the impact absorbing material (i) above.

The impact absorbing material (ii) preferably has a flange portion, and when the impact absorbing material (ii) is subjected to an impact load by providing the flange portion, the entire impact absorbing material is loaded. Can be evenly received, the cylindrical shock absorber (ii) can be deformed at an appropriate position, and the shock can be stably and efficiently absorbed.

Further, it is preferable that the impact absorbing material (ii) also has a structure in which a specific portion of the wall structure in the impact load direction is first deformed when an impact load occurs. Examples of such a structure include a structure in which a defective portion or a thin portion is provided in a tubular wall structure in the impact load direction, or a bellows structure.

Further, in order to constantly exert the shock absorbing effect of the shock absorbing material (ii), the hollow portion, particularly the end portion thereof, falls irregularly inward during the deformation process of the tubular wall structure. It is desirable to prevent, for that purpose, for example, a method of attaching a flange to the end of the hollow tubular portion, a method of closing the end of the hollow tubular portion, a method of increasing the wall thickness of the end of the hollow tubular portion, a hollow A method of attaching a reinforcing tool (for example, a ring of metal or resin) made of a material having a larger elastic modulus than the deformable part to the end of the tubular part, and a convex part that matches the inner shape of the tube at the end of the hollow tubular part Examples of the method include a method of attaching a plate or a plate provided with a recess that matches the shape of the end of the hollow cylindrical portion.

It is also effective to fill the inner surface of the hollow portion with a filler made of a material having a lower elastic modulus than the constituent material of the shock absorbing material to further enhance the shock absorbing action during buckling deformation. .

The shock absorbing material (ii) made of such a tubular molded body is installed at the end of a connecting jig installed at a connecting portion between upper works or upper works and lower works which constitute a bridge. More specifically, the connecting jig is inserted into the hollow portion of the tubular impact absorbing material (ii) and is attached to one side or both sides of the connecting jig by an end stop member, and the impact is applied to the connecting jig. At the same time, it exerts a function of absorbing the impact force by the buckling deformation of the absorber and attenuating the force applied to the connecting jig.

At this time, the end stopper of the connecting jig is
It is desirable that the connecting cable is fixed by a nut or the like so that the connecting cable does not come off or break even if the impact force attenuated by the absorber is applied to the end stop portion.

The impact absorbing material (ii) is a tubular shape having a hollow portion (hole) through which a connecting jig can be inserted, as will be made clear in an example shown later, and is a load (reaction) when a compressive force is applied. The shape thereof does not matter as long as the force) -compressibility curve draws a curve as shown in FIG. 8, for example. In addition to the cylindrical shape shown in the figure, the concrete shape of the cylindrical molded body also has a polygonal cylindrical shape such as a hexagonal cylindrical shape, or a deformed cylindrical shape. As long as it does, the shape is not limited at all, and the shape of the hole is not limited at all.

This impact absorbing material (ii) is also composed of a resin having a flexural modulus of elasticity in a specific range as described above, preferably an elastomer, but its molding method is not particularly limited, and injection molding, compression molding, It can be formed by any method such as extrusion molding, and in some cases, it is also possible to form a solid rod body and then extrude it into a tubular shape by cutting or punching.

Next, referring to the drawings showing typical examples,
The structure of the shock absorbing structure (II) using the shock absorbing material (ii) and the connecting jig shock absorbing device will be specifically described.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an essential part showing an example of a bridge in which the connecting jig impact absorbing device which is the impact absorbing structure (II) of the present invention is arranged between superstructures, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing an example of a bridge in which a shock absorbing device which is another shock absorbing structure (II) is arranged in a cylinder of a superstructure and a substructure.
It is a detailed view showing a typical example of arrangement of a shock absorption device which is a shock absorption structure (II) concerning the present invention.

In these examples, the wire jig in which the portion 22 is made of wire is shown as the connecting jig.
The part may be a metal rod or a metal plate.

The bridge has a structure in which a superstructure 26 and a road 27 are arranged on a substructure 28 generally arranged on the upper part of the bridge pier as shown in FIG. 4, for example. It is connected by a connecting cable 22 so that it will not come off and fall. As another example, as shown in FIG. 5, a substructure 28 is projected in an L-shape toward the road 27, and a superstructure 26 is disposed on the substructure 28 and connected by a connecting cable 22 to prevent the superstructure 26 from falling. ing.

The shock absorbing device which is the shock absorbing structure (II) of the present invention is the connecting cable 2 used in FIGS.
It is arranged in order to absorb the impact applied to 2 and prevent the destruction of itself, and to suppress the impact destruction of the peripheral structure. For example, it is configured as shown in FIG. That is, the connecting cable 22 is inserted through the through holes provided in both ends of the upper work 26, 26 (in the example of FIG. 5, the upper work 26 and the lower work 28), and the both ends of the connecting cable 22 are tubular shock absorbers 21. , 21 and support plates 24, 24 are attached to the outside thereof, and a washer 23 ′ is further provided on the outside thereof to tighten the nut 23 to fasten the connecting cable 22.

In the example of FIG. 6, the connecting cable 22 is firmly tightened and fixed. However, it may be in a slightly loosened state so as to cope with minute movements of the structure due to temperature change and vibration. , Or support plate 24 and nut 2
It is also possible to insert an elastic material such as a spring between the three so as to accommodate expansion and contraction of the structure due to temperature change, and to insert a cushioning member other than the spring. Further, depending on the thickness and width of the superstructure 26, there are no restrictions on the installation method, such as a plurality of connecting cables 22 arranged in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction or connecting them in series.

The size and shape of the hollow portion (hole) formed in the shock absorbing material 21 are not limited as long as the connecting jig 22 can be inserted, and the gap between the connecting jig 22 is large. In the case of excessive passage, it is also effective to insert a sleeve or the like to reduce the gap. Then, it is desirable to cover the outside of the fastening part including the nut 23 and the like with a protective cover 25 as shown in the figure to enhance the durability and weather resistance of the entire shock absorbing device and enhance the aesthetic appearance of the entire bridge structure. .

Typical examples of the shock absorbing structure (I) using the shock absorbing material (i) and the shock absorbing structure (II) using the shock absorbing material (ii) as the shock absorbing structure of the bridge of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Even if the impact absorbing material (i) is mounted on a connecting jig as in the impact absorbing structure (II) and used, the impact absorbing material (ii) is used for the shock absorbing structure (I) as a bridge superstructure. It goes without saying that it may be installed between the upper work and the lower work.

[0067]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following Examples, and is within a range applicable to the gist of the preceding and following. It is also possible to implement by appropriately changing the design, and all of them are within the technical scope of the present invention.

Further, in the following Examples and Comparative Examples, it is practically impossible to examine the performance of the shock absorber by attaching the shock absorber to the connecting portion of the bridge superstructure and substructure to actually shake the superstructure. Therefore, such a condition was simulated and reproduced for the test. Further, the physical property test and compression test adopted in the experiment were conducted by the following methods.

[Flexural Modulus]: AS generally adopted
It was determined according to TM-D790.

[Collision compression test]: Using a test apparatus as shown in FIG. 11, a falling object 10 having its own weight of about 7 t (ton) is dropped along the inclined rail 9, and as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. The impact absorption performance of the impact absorption material 1 is evaluated by the laser displacement meter 14 by colliding it with the test impact absorption material 1 fixed via the load cell 12 on the collision surface side of the fixed base 11 at a speed of 1.8 m / s. To do. Reference numeral 13 indicates an accelerometer.

[Pressure receiving area]: The contact area between the falling object and the impact absorbing material. In the impact absorbing material (i), not the contact area of the partition wall portion but the area of the molded body is shown.

[Plateau strength]: The load (reaction force) -compression rate curve (see FIG. 8) rises in proportion to the compression rate in the initial stage of compression, and then gradually becomes gentle and becomes the maximum reaction force (flat portion). It was calculated by dividing the reaction force when it became.

[Amount of compressive energy absorbed per unit volume]: In the load (reaction force) -compressibility curve, the unit volume of the impact absorbing material at the time when the displacement amount per tf reaches the limit compression amount of about 0.2 mm The amount of energy absorbed per hit was calculated.

[Maximum Reaction Force]: In the above collision compression test, the maximum reaction force generated when a falling object collides with the shock absorbing material was determined.

[Maximum Compressive Displacement]: In the above collision test, the maximum compressive displacement observed when the falling object collided with the shock absorbing material was determined.

[Presence or absence of influence on fixed base]: In the above-mentioned collision compression test, the pressure receiving area of the shock absorbing material is 500 mm × 100 m.
It is assumed that the force with which the fixing base breaks is 25 tf with respect to m, and that the maximum reaction force exceeding 25 tf has an effect on the fixing base.

[Absorbed Energy Amount]: The difference in kinetic energy calculated from the velocity before and after the collision of the falling object is defined as the amount of energy absorbed by the impact absorbing material.

Example 1 Using a polyester elastomer "Perprene P-90B" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., a honeycomb-shaped shock absorbing material [wall thickness (t) = 4.3 mm, one side length as shown in FIG. 1 was used. (L)
= 25 mm, thickness (h) = 100 mm] was injection molded. Overall dimensions are horizontal (w) 500 mm x vertical (d) 100
mm × thickness (h) was 100 mm. The performance test results (value at 15 ° C.) of the honeycomb-shaped impact absorbing material are shown in Table 1 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Example 2 Using polyester elastomer "Perprene P-150B" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., the same shape as in Example 1
A honeycomb-shaped shock absorbing material having a size was injection-molded. The results of the performance test (value at 40 ° C.) of the impact absorbing material are shown in Table 1 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Example 3 A honeycomb-shaped shock absorbing material having a hexagonal cross section structure as shown in FIG. 1 using aluminum [wall thickness (t) = 0.07 mm,
One side length (L) = 5.5 mm, thickness (h) = 100 m
m] was prepared. The overall dimension was 100 mm in width (w) × 100 mm in length (d). The performance test results (value at 15 ° C.) of the honeycomb-shaped impact absorbing material are shown in Table 1 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Example 4 Using nylon "T-222" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.,
A honeycomb-shaped shock absorber having a hexagonal cross-section structure [wall thickness (t) = 4.3 mm, one side length (L) = 25 mm, thickness (h) = 100 mm] was injection-molded. The overall dimensions were 200 mm in width (w) × 200 mm in length (d). The performance test results (value at 40 ° C.) of the honeycomb-shaped impact absorbing material are shown in Table 1 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Comparative Example 1 A commercially available rubber plate (CR) having a hardness of 63 A, which is generally used as a cushioning material [overall dimension; width (w) 500 mm × length (d) 100 mm × thickness (b) 100 mm] was cut out and used as an example. Performance evaluation (15 ° C.) was performed in the same manner as in 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0083]

[Table 1]

Example 5 Using a polyester elastomer "Perprene P-55B" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., a tubular absorbent material having flanges at both ends and having dimensions and shapes shown in FIG. 7 was produced. The results of the performance test (value at 15 ° C.) of the impact absorbing material are shown in Table 2 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Example 6 Using nylon "T-222" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.,
The hollow cylindrical shock absorber [height = 100 mm, outer diameter 80 mm] shown in FIG. The results of the performance test (value at 40 ° C.) of the hollow cylindrical impact absorbing material are shown in Table 2 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 A commercially available rubber block (CR) having a hardness of 45 A was cut to produce a hollow cylindrical impact absorbing material having the same size and shape as in Example 5 above. The performance test results (value at 15 ° C.) of the impact absorbing material are
Table 2 shows the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Comparative Example 3 A commercially available rubber lump having a hardness of 63 A was cut, and the above-mentioned Example 5 was used.
A hollow cylindrical shock absorber having the same size and shape as the above was produced. The results of the performance test (value at 15 ° C.) of the impact absorbing material are shown in Table 2 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

[0088]

[Table 2]

[0089]

The present invention is configured as described above, and since this shock absorbing material has excellent shock absorbing performance,
The shock absorbing structure using the absorbing material can effectively absorb and mitigate the shock caused by the collision between the superstructures due to an earthquake or the like, the shock caused by the collision between the superstructure and the substructure, and the connection part using the jig. The substructure and superstructure, as well as the destruction and separation of adjacent structures due to impact can be reliably prevented, and a bridge that can withstand earthquakes and the like can be provided. Moreover, since this shock absorbing structure uses a shock absorbing material with excellent rust resistance, water resistance, and weather resistance, it is maintenance-free for a long period of time not only when applied to inland areas but also to coastal areas and ocean connecting bridges. Maintains excellent shock absorbing performance.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sketch showing a typical example of a shock absorbing material (i) used in a shock absorbing structure (I) of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sketch diagram illustrating another shape of the shock absorbing material (i) used in the shock absorbing structure (I) of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing an arrangement example of a shock absorbing material (i).

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view illustrating a state in which the connecting cable impact absorbing device that is the impact absorbing structure (II) of the present invention is arranged in the upper part of the bridge.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the main part of a state in which the connecting cable impact absorbing device that is the impact absorbing structure (II) of the present invention is arranged between the upper and lower works of a bridge.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a main part showing a specific example of a connecting cable shock absorbing device which is the shock absorbing structure (II) of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing an example of a shock absorbing material (ii) used in the shock absorbing structure (II) of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a load (reaction force) -compressibility curve of the impact absorbing material used in the impact absorbing structure of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a load (reaction force) -compressibility curve of a normal rubber elastic body.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a specific example of a load (reaction force) -compressibility curve of the impact absorbing material used in the impact absorbing structure of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an impact test device used in Examples and Comparative Examples.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged explanatory view showing an arrangement state of the impact absorbing material in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 shock absorber (i) 2 through hole 3 bulkhead 4 superstructure 5 substructure 6 support member 7 bridge prevention wall (steel bracket, concrete block, etc.) 8 bracket 9 rail 10 falling object 11 fixed base 12 load cell 13 accelerometer 14 Laser displacement meter 21 Shock absorber (ii) 22 Connection cable 23 Nut 24 Support plate 25 Protective cover 26 Superstructure 27 Road 28 Substructure

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Yasushi Kamito             1-4-1 Tadao Machida City, Tokyo             Team test laboratory (72) Inventor Tadashi Kanno             1-4-1 Tadao Machida City, Tokyo             Team test laboratory (72) Inventor Hiroshi Ishida             1-4-1 Tadao Machida City, Tokyo             Team test laboratory (72) Inventor Ken Kamata             2-1-1 Katata, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Toyobo             Koki Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yujiro Matsuyama             2-1-1 Katata, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Toyobo             Koki Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshio Araki             2-1-1 Katata, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Toyobo             Koki Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Seiji Negishi             2-1-1 Katata, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Toyobo             Koki Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Chisato Nonomura             2-1-1 Katata, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Toyobo             Koki Co., Ltd. F term (reference) 2D059 AA03 AA05 GG02 GG17 GG29                       GG30 GG35 GG55                 3J066 AA23 BA03 BB01 BD05 BD07                       BF03 BG10

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. A jig for connecting a superstructure, a superstructure-a substructure, a substructure having a fall prevention wall, and a superstructure or a superstructure-a substructure for constructing a bridge. A shock-absorbing structure for a bridge in which a shock-absorbing material is arranged in the structure, and the shock-absorbing material is formed of a material having a bending elastic modulus of 200 kgf / cm ² or more, and has a wall structure in the impact load direction. A shock absorbing structure for bridges that is characterized by 2. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the wall structure of the shock absorbing material absorbs the shock by compressive deformation due to shock, buckling deformation or permanent deformation. 3. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing material has a large number of wall structures in a shock load direction. 4. The impact absorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the wall structure of the impact absorbing material has a compartment structure which is connected to each other at least at a part of a surface in the impact load direction and is isolated in the impact load direction. The shock absorbing structure described in Crab. 5. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing material has a compression energy absorption amount of 50 tf · m / m ³ or more when compressed in a shock load direction. 6. The shock absorber has a flexural modulus of 500 to 2
The shock absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is made of a resin of 50,000 kgf / cm ² . 7. The shock absorbing material has a flexural modulus of 5,000.
The shock absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is made of a metal having a weight of kgf / cm ² or more. 8. The shock absorbing material has a structure in which, when a shock load is generated on the shock absorbing material, a specific portion of the wall structure in the shock loading direction of the shock absorbing material is first deformed. The shock absorbing structure according to any one of to 7. 9. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 8, wherein the specific portion is a cut portion, a step portion, or a thin portion provided in the wall structure. 10. The small room structure according to claim 4, wherein the small room structure has a repeating structure of small rooms each having a polygonal shape whose cross section perpendicular to the impact absorption direction is a hexagon or less. Shock absorption structure. 11. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 10, wherein a cross section of the small chamber structure perpendicular to the shock absorbing direction has a hexagonal honeycomb structure. 12. The plateau strength of the shock absorber is 400 t.
f / m ² or more, compression energy absorption amount is 200 tf · m
/ M ³ or more, and the wall structure in the shock load direction of the shock absorbing material is tubular, and the shock absorbing structure according to claim 1 or 2. 13. The impact absorbing material has a flexural modulus of 200 to 200.
The shock absorbing structure according to claim 12, which is made of a resin of 5,000 kgf / cm ² . 14. The impact absorbing material has a flexural modulus of 5,000.
13. It is composed of a metal of kgf / cm ² or more.
Impact absorption structure described in. 15. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 12, wherein the shock absorbing material has a flange portion. 16. The shock absorbing material has a structure in which a specific portion of the wall structure in the shock loading direction in the shock absorbing material is first deformed when a shock load is generated in the shock absorbing material. 15. The shock absorbing structure according to any one of 15. 17. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 12, wherein the shock absorbing material has a cut portion or a thin portion in a wall structure in a shock load direction. 18. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 12, wherein the shock absorbing material has a bellows structure. 19. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 12, wherein the shock absorbing material is installed at an end portion of a jig for connecting upper work or upper work-lower work. 20. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 19, wherein the jig is inserted into the shock absorbing material. 21. The jig is a connecting cable.
Impact absorption structure described in.