JP2007162221A - Fender - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fender superior in life cycle cost while having superior berthing energy absorbing performance equal to or more than that of rubber in berthing. <P>SOLUTION: This fender is constituted by positioning at least two elastic bodies 1a and 1b formed in circular arc shapes so that respective chord sides become common, and fixing both ends of the elastic bodies by a fixing metal fitting 10. The elastic bodies 1a and 1b can prevent the deterioration of a material by using FRP strong against salt damage. FRP center pillars 2a and 2b having band plate-like or hollow-shaped dislocation preventive structures are slidingly arranged between a plate spring and a plate spring. This member absorbs berthing energy by the expansion of the plate spring in normal berthing, and absorbs the berthing energy by breaking the center pillar or a center pillar joint in berthing in an emergency. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure of a fender for absorbing impact energy at the time of ship berthing.

Conventionally, the speed of berthing when a ship berths on a quay has been in the range of about 5 cm / s to 15 cm / s for safety and experience, and its berthing energy is E = F · M · V ² / 2 (where F: energy reduction coefficient due to rotational motion, M: virtual mass of ship, V: berthing speed). Temporarily, the above-mentioned collision energy when a ship with a drainage amount of 50,000 tons touches at a speed of 10 cm / s is 225 kN · m (here, F = 0.5, calculated as a virtual mass coefficient of 1.8). This corresponds to the energy that a car with a mass of 1 ton collides with a wall at about 80 km / h.

  At present, wooden fenders that are simple beside the quay and rubber fenders (for example, Patent Document 1) are fixed to the quay for large ships to absorb the above energy during a collision. ing. Here, in the rubber fender, a solid type (V type, H type shape) that produces reaction force characteristics by deformation of the rubber lump and a bag made of rubber were enclosed. There is an air type that absorbs energy at the time of collision by air (for example, Patent Document 2). In addition, there are those in which the front receiving plate portion of the fender is made of glass fiber reinforced resin (for example, Patent Document 3) or hard plastic (for example, Patent Document 4).

However, since the number of the fenders is large and a certain volume is required because the ship is large, the material cost is very expensive and the initial installation cost is large. Furthermore, since all the fenders are always exposed to the sea surface, the performance of the rubber is significantly deteriorated due to salt damage, and the service life is not as long as 10 years. Therefore, the maintenance cost is required to be the same as the initial installation cost in a cycle of less than 10 years, which is a painful problem for the port manager.
JP-A-06-049826 (Claim 1, FIG. 1) JP 2000-064252 A (Claim 1, FIG. 1) Registered Utility Model Publication No. 3024079 (Claim 1, FIG. 2) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-338924 (Claim 1, FIG. 3)

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fender having an excellent collision energy absorption performance and a low maintenance cost at the time of ship berthing.

  In order to achieve the above object, the fender according to the present invention has the following configuration. In other words, at least two elastic bodies formed in an arc shape are positioned so that their string sides are common, and the elastic bodies are fixed at both ends thereof (Claim 1). .

  In this case, the elastic body is preferably a leaf spring made of fiber reinforced plastic (hereinafter abbreviated as frp). Further, it is preferable that both ends of the leaf spring are mechanically joined by fixing the metal fittings (Claim 3). The dimension of the leaf spring is not particularly limited, but the radius of curvature of the arc portion is 5 cm to 150 cm, the arc length is 0.2 m to 5 m, the spring width is 5 cm to 50 cm, and the thickness is 2 mm to 30 mm. (Claim 4).

  And it is preferable that the middle pillar which absorbs the collision energy at the time of a berthing is provided in the position pinched | interposed by the said at least 2 piece of elastic body, or the position of the said leaf | plate spring and a quay (claim 5). The central pillar is preferably a frp strip or hollow body (Claim 6). The middle pillar is a pair of plate-like bodies, and one end of each plate-like body is fixed to the plate spring, and the other end of each plate-like body is opposed to each other. Preferably, the spring is extended in a direction perpendicular to the chord direction of the spring, and the other end portions are in contact with each other (Claim 7), and the plate spring and the middle post member are fixed by mechanical coupling using a bolt. (Claim 8). It is preferable that the other end portions of the pair of plate-like bodies have a slide structure to form one middle pillar (Claim 9), and the slide portion has a protrusion or an uneven male-female shape. (Claim 10).

  The material of the leaf spring is at least one continuous fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber, polyparaphenylene benzoxazole (PBO) fiber and polyethylene fiber having a molecular weight of 1 million or more, and unsaturated fiber It is composed of at least one matrix resin selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a vinyl ester resin and an acrylic resin, and the fiber direction is in the direction of 0 ° to 90 ° with respect to the leaf spring long side direction. It is preferable to arrange (claim 11).

  On the other hand, also about the material of the above-mentioned middle pillar, at least one kind of continuous fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber, polyparaphenylene benzoxazole (PBO) fiber and polyethylene fiber having a molecular weight of 1 million or more and And at least one matrix resin selected from the group consisting of unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, phenol resins, vinyl ester resins, and acrylic resins, and the fiber direction is 0 ° to 90 ° with respect to the long side direction of the middle column. It is preferable to arrange in the direction (Claim 12).

  According to the present invention, at least two elastic bodies formed in an arc shape are positioned on a plane so that their respective chord sides are common, and the elastic bodies are fixed at both ends thereof. Because it is a dredging member, it has excellent collision energy absorption performance with the quay at the time of ship berthing. Further, when a leaf spring made of frp is used as the elastic body, since it is resistant to salt damage and the performance deterioration of the member is smaller than that of rubber, there is an effect of reducing maintenance costs. Further, the elastic body can effectively absorb normal berthing energy, and has the effect of further absorbing berthing energy by damaging the middle column or the joint of the middle column at the time of emergency berthing.

  Hereinafter, the best mode of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a perspective view of a fender according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a right side view of the fender of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fixing part between a central pillar and a leaf spring of FIGS. FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a middle pillar.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fender according to the present invention has frp leaf springs 1a and 1b, which are at least two elastic bodies formed in an arcuate shape, on the same plane and on the same string side. The leaf springs 1a and 1b are mechanically fixed to each other at both ends by a fixing metal fitting 10 and are integrally formed. As a fixing method, in order to ensure the joining of the stopper metal and the FRP leaf spring, it is preferable that the inner surface of the metal metal is roughened and both members are bonded with an epoxy resin. The positional relationship between the FRP leaf springs and the quay is such that the leaf spring 1a is on the ship side and the leaf spring 1b is on the quay side.

  In the present embodiment, the fender is composed of two leaf springs 1a and 1b as shown in the figure. However, it is sufficient that there are at least two leaf springs, or a plurality of more than that. In addition, each leaf spring may be a single body as shown in the figure, or may be configured integrally by laminating and bonding a plurality of pieces.

  The material of the leaf springs 1a and 1b is preferably made of frp, which has good elastic performance and is resistant to environmental conditions such as salt damage, but may be made of other materials such as stainless steel having strong corrosion resistance. As frp, at least one continuous fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber, polyparaphenylene benzoxazole (PBO) fiber and polyethylene fiber having a molecular weight of 1 million or more, an unsaturated polyester resin, It is preferably composed of at least one matrix resin selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, phenol resins, vinyl ester resins and acrylic resins such as PMMA. Furthermore, in order to enhance the spring effect, it is preferable that the fiber direction of the continuous fiber is arranged so as to intersect the 0 ° to 90 ° direction with respect to the long side direction of the leaf spring. The fiber direction of the continuous fiber is arranged in the direction of the long side of the leaf spring. In particular, a combination of carbon fiber and epoxy resin is preferable because of a good balance of strength, production cost, and handleability. The other specific conditions of the reinforcing fiber and the matrix resin are appropriately determined so that the berthing energy of the ship described in the above-mentioned background art can be absorbed.

  The pair of leaf springs 1a and 1b are not particularly limited, but the radius of curvature of the arc portion is 5 cm to 150 cm, the arc length is 0.2 m to 5 m, and the spring width is not limited, depending on the size of the ship to be berthed. The thing in each range of 5 cm-50 cm and thickness 2 mm-30 mm is preferable.

  Between the leaf spring 1a and the leaf spring 1b, in order to effectively absorb the berthing energy at the time of emergency, a middle column made up of a pair of FRP strips 2a and 2b is provided. Examples of the middle pillar include a strip, a hollow, a cylinder, and a polygonal shape. A cylindrical shape is preferable from the viewpoint of formability and economy.

  As shown in FIG. 3, one end of the strip 2a is mechanically coupled to the leaf spring 1a with bolts 8 and nuts 9. This is because it can be easily replaced for maintainability after the middle pillar breaks. Since the bolt 8 and the nut 9 are susceptible to salt damage, it is preferable to use those made of stainless steel SUS304, which is not easily rusted. On the other hand, the other end of the strip 2a is extended in a direction facing the other strip 2b, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the chord direction of the leaf spring 1a, and the other ends are in contact with each other. Is provided.

  This state is shown in a perspective view of FIG.

As shown in the figure, the pair of frp strips 2a and 2b constituting the middle pillar are provided in a positional relationship in which the other ends overlap each other in a normal state (always slide width 6 in the figure). . Further, a rivet-like protrusion 4 is provided from the strip 2a so as to be slidable in the vertical direction in the figure while protruding from a long hole 11 provided in the longitudinal direction of the strip 2b. On the other hand, the elongated hole of the band plate 2b is formed in a V-shaped hole provided in the rubber member 5 below, and the protrusion 4 is received at this portion. In the present embodiment, the band plates 2a and 2b are constrained by the projections 4 and the long holes 11. However, the pair of band plates may be slidably constrained to have an uneven male and female shape.

  The material of the middle pillar is not particularly limited, but may be the same material as the leaf springs 1a and 1b. Further, as the protrusions 4 provided on the middle pillar, various types such as stainless steel and FRP can be cited.

  The above is the configuration of the fender according to the present invention. When mounting to the quay wall 14, as described above, the leaf spring 1a is on the ship side and the leaf spring 1b is on the quay side. For example, as shown in FIG. The quay wall fixing brackets 13 made of stainless steel or the like having excellent corrosion resistance are arranged at two locations near the center both ends of the leaf spring 1b, and the bolt anchors 15 are driven into the two end plates of the quay wall fixing bracket 13 at two or more locations. To fix it to the quay 14 (FIG. 5). In addition, a gap is generated between the quay fixing metal 13 and the leaf spring 1b due to a manufacturing error or the like. An elastic rubber packing having a height higher than the gap is interposed in this gap, or a resin is used. Secured by injecting.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fender according to the present invention configured as described above is configured such that when a berthing force is applied in the direction of arrow 3 by a ship or the like, the leaf spring 1 a and the leaf spring 1 b itself have berthing energy. And both ends thereof extend in the direction of arrow 12 in the figure, and a part of the force is transmitted to the band plate 2a. In this state, in normal berthing, as shown in FIG. 4, the remaining berthing energy is absorbed in the process in which the strips 2 a and 2 b rub against each other in the region of the slide width 6 at all times. Here, in the case of an emergency in which a greater force is applied, such as exceeding the elastic region of the leaf spring, the strip 2a enters the region of the emergency slide width 7 of the strip 2b, and the protrusion 4 is formed on the rubber member 5. It absorbs the berthing energy by biting into the v-shaped gap. Here, “always” means an energy state where the design berthing energy is berthing at a design berthing speed of 15 cm / s or less, and “emergency” means the design berthing speed of the design craft is 15 cm. This means a state in which berthing energy exceeding the design berthing energy is applied, such as when a large vessel exceeding / s or larger than the vessel to be designed is berthing at a design berthing speed of 15 cm / s or less.

  When stronger berthing energy is applied, the protrusion or middle pillar breaks and absorbs the berthing energy. Thus, when the band plate 2a and the band plate 2b are broken, the bolt 8 and the nut 9 can be loosened and removed only by this member, and can be easily replaced with a new one, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the fender. Have

It is a perspective view of one embodiment of the fender according to the present invention. It is a right view of the fender of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the fixing | fixed part of the leaf | plate spring of FIG. 1 and FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a middle pillar in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is a quayside attachment figure of the fender in FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram of a quay fixing metal fitting used for attachment in FIG. 5.

Explanation of symbols

1a, 1b... Frp leaf spring (elastic body)
2a, 2b ... frp strip (medium plate)
3 ... Wharf force 4 ... Projection 5 ... Rubber body 6 ... Normal slide width 7 ... Emergency slide width 8 ... Bolt 9 ... Nut 10 ... Fixing bracket DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Long hole 12 ... Expansion-and-contraction direction 13 ... Quay fixing bracket 14 ... Quay 15 ... Bolt anchor 16 ... Rubber packing

Claims (12)

  An anti-mold material characterized in that at least two elastic bodies formed in an arc shape are positioned so that their string sides are common, and the elastic bodies are fixed at both ends thereof.   2. The fender according to claim 1, wherein the elastic body is a leaf spring made of frp.   The fender according to claim 1 or 2, wherein both ends of the leaf spring are mechanically joined by fixing a metal fitting.   3. The leaf spring according to claim 2, wherein the radius of curvature of the arc portion is 5 cm to 150 cm, the arc length is 0.2 m to 5 m, the spring width is 5 cm to 50 cm, and the thickness is 2 mm to 30 mm. Or the fender as described in 3.   The center pillar which absorbs the collision energy at the time of a berthing is provided in the position pinched | interposed by the said at least 2 piece of elastic body, or the position of the said leaf | plate spring and a quay wall, The any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. The fender described in 1.   6. The fender according to claim 5, wherein the middle pillar is a frp strip or hollow body.   The middle pillar is a pair of plate-like bodies, one end of each plate-like body is fixed to the plate spring, and the other end of each plate-like body is opposed to each other. The fender according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the fender is extended in a direction orthogonal to the string direction and is in contact with the other end portions.   The fender according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the plate spring and the middle column member are fixed by mechanical coupling using bolts.   9. The fender according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the other end portions of the pair of plate-like bodies have a slide structure to form one middle pillar.   10. The fender according to claim 9, wherein the slide part has a protrusion or an uneven male-female shape.   The material of the leaf spring is at least one continuous fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber, polyparaphenylene benzoxazole (PBO) fiber and polyethylene fiber having a molecular weight of 1 million or more, and unsaturated fiber It is composed of at least one matrix resin selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a vinyl ester resin and an acrylic resin, and the fiber direction is in the direction of 0 ° to 90 ° with respect to the leaf spring long side direction. The fender according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the fender is disposed.   The material of the center pillar is at least one continuous fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber, polyparaphenylene benzoxazole (PBO) fiber and polyethylene fiber having a molecular weight of 1 million or more, and unsaturated fiber It is composed of at least one matrix resin selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a vinyl ester resin, and an acrylic resin, and the fiber direction is in the direction of 0 ° to 90 ° with respect to the long side direction of the middle column. It arrange | positions, The fender in any one of Claims 5-10 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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