JP2003180153A - Greening/cultivation method using mat - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greening/cultivation method using mats, by which the roots of plants steadily grow, and good-quality crops are stably obtained in the harvesting season. <P>SOLUTION: The greening/cultivation method comprises the following steps: laying a perforated or water-permeable plastic sheet 2 on a base 1, putting a spiral structure 5 made of plastic or the like and having a specified diameter on the sheet, scattering sands, gravels, water-holding materials, soil conditioning materials and the like also on the sheet, laying, thereon, a vegetation mat 4 comprising specified fibrous material, and planting seeds, stems, leaves, etc., of plants 3 on the mat. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The disclosed technology belongs to the technical field of greening cultivation in which a plant is planted on a mat having fibrous material and a vegetative mat is provided.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Planting plants such as sedum, planting seeds, or planting stems and leaves on a fibrous sheet or mat so as to allow the plant to take root on the mat is produced. Various technologies have been developed, and the inventor of this application has also developed various technologies such as Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-76297 (unpublished). In the cultivation technology based on the above-mentioned conventional technology, the growth of the plant is partially delayed, the growth is insufficient before shipping, and therefore it cannot be shipped, or the growth status varies greatly depending on the time of production. There was a problem that was limited.

[0003]

When the roots grow well, the roots stick to the base during cultivation, a lot of labor is required to wind up the vegetation mat, and the roots are cut off. There was a problem such as pain. Further, when the vegetation mat is wound up from the cultivation base, a large amount of soil adheres to the mat, resulting in an increase in weight and volume, which makes it difficult to handle.

With respect to greening of rooftops, etc., in recent years, measures such as prevention of heat island phenomenon, prevention of room temperature rise on the top floor of condominiums in summer, and reduction of plant energy have become important. The greening of rooftops and walls of buildings and buildings, and vegetation greening are becoming a boom. There is something to see in the development of vegetation mats to deal with this, and the busyness of the people concerned is becoming noticeable.

[0005] Thus, in order to ship uniform green products to the people concerned at the scheduled time, the green cultivation method is improved, and plants are sufficiently grown in the shortest possible time to prevent unevenness. There was a need for the production of green vegetation mats.

[0006]

It is an object of the present invention, which is based on the above-mentioned prior art, can be cultivated in a short period of time, has good plant growth, can be sufficiently rooted, but can easily separate the vegetation mat from the cultivation base. It is intended to provide a greening cultivation method using a mat, which is simple, economical, and can grow a vegetation mat which is light, lightweight, thin, and easy to handle.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a sheet-shaped vegetation made of a predetermined fibrous material is used to solve the above-mentioned problems. A greening cultivation method using the mat, wherein at least one kind of plant seeds, stems, leaves, or roots is scattered and planted on the mat, which is under the vegetation mat and between the base and A permeable or perforated sheet is laid as one of the backbones, which ensures drainage to the underlying substrate, but prevents the roots of the plant from further entering. In addition, sand or gravel or the like is interposed as a layered soil in a predetermined thin layer between the lower side of the fibrous mat and the upper side of the water-permeable or perforated sheet. In addition, the above-mentioned sand and gravel, etc. The thickness of the soil is 3~200mm,
Further, charcoal, activated carbon, fertilizer, soil improving material, water retaining material, etc. are interposed in the portion of the above-mentioned soil so that root growth and absorption of nutrients in the above-mentioned soil portion can be maintained well. Then, the technical means for interposing a three-dimensional structural material such as a three-dimensional spiral structure is taken. Incidentally, the three-dimensional spiral structure material may be not only the spiral mode but also similar ones, and various long fiber materials can be adopted.

[0008]

Thus, in the above-mentioned structure, seeds and stems and leaves of plants are sown on the vegetation mat and water is sprinkled from above, or an irrigation system is constructed to supplementally irrigate the soil from the floor. Thus, when cultivating a plant on the vegetation mat, if a vinyl greenhouse cannot be provided, it is also possible to cultivate it in the open field, and if the vegetation mat having a predetermined fiber quality is provided on the base, In order to prevent the formation of irregularities (uneven parts) on the base, a flat roller is used to perform a compaction rolling action, and a predetermined vinyl sheet in a perforated state is provided on it. A structural material such as a three-dimensional spiral made of plastic or the like is laid thereon, and sand or gravel, for example, of 0 to 200 m / m is laid inside the structural material of the spiral.
A certain amount of floor soil is laid and laid, and sand, gravel, fertilizer, soil improver, etc., or water retention material, activated carbon, etc. are laid in the gaps of the sand or gravel to finish the layer of the floor soil. The root zone of a thin layer is formed, a vegetation mat having a predetermined fiber is laid on the root zone, and seeds and stems of plants such as sedum, leaves and roots are sown on the vegetation mat, and Sprinkled from above and sprinkled from the irrigation facility on the above-mentioned soil layer for cultivation, and seeds and roots germinated from stems and leaves enter the vegetation mat and further enter the soil layer below. It absorbs water and nutrients sufficiently, grows satisfactorily, the speed of growth is relatively fast, and the goodness of the plant in a healthy state is to be significantly improved. In the case of collection, roots are not damaged and roots can be easily removed from the soil, and the condition of vegetation is good as a product. That.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, the mode of carrying out the invention of this application will be described with reference to FIG.
The following is a description based on a few items. still,
As for the reference numerals in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the same aspect parts will be explained using the same reference numerals.

Thus, the illustrated embodiment is an embodiment in which a field is applied to a field for curing as an example of an embodiment for implementing greening of vegetation, and in the embodiment shown in the figure, a vinyl is applied to a predetermined field.
The house 1 is a mode in which the field is surrounded in the same manner as the conventional mode of the Le house 8, and the base 1 is used repeatedly in the field.
The surface of is rolled by a predetermined roller to make it uneven (uneven portion)
So that it does not exist, and a predetermined perforated vinyl sheet 2 is laid on the surface of the perforated vinyl sheet.
A predetermined root-control sheet is laid in place of the lucite 2 to prevent invasion of the plant from the root of the plant in the vegetation mat into the lower base 1 and to improve drainage. To be able to make it. With this vinyl sheet 2, vegetation mat 4
When collecting, the vegetation mat 4 can be easily collected without damaging the roots of the plants 3, and the vegetation mat 4 can be cultivated as a lightweight and thin layer without causing unnecessary soil.

A three-dimensional spiral structure material 5 such as a coil made of plastic is laid on the upper surface of the perforated vinyl sheet 2 or the root preventive sheet 2 to form a plastic coil. As the floor soil inside the three-dimensional spiral 5 of 0 to 20 mmφ of gravel, etc.
As shown in (3), charcoal, fertilizer, soil improving material, and water retaining material 7 of the bed soil 10 laid inside the spiral coil 5 of the three-dimensional sheet are filled in the soil 6, This is layer 10.

Then, a vegetation mat 4 having the same fibrous material as the conventional one is laid on the three-dimensional spiral coil 5 on which the floor soil 10 is laid. Sow seeds of plants such as sedum 3 and stems and leaves on the surface,
Then, watering 11 is performed from the irrigation pipe 9 as a irrigation system installed in the inner space of the vinyl house 8 to hydrate the plants 3, or a predetermined nutrient is mixed from the irrigation pipe 9. Water the plants 3
Try to promote growth. Then, cultivation is started by sprinkling water to grow the plant in a predetermined manner.

In the process, the roots germinated from the plant 3 grow in the vegetation mat 4 by growing in the field, and as the growth proceeds, the soil and soil 10 absorb water and nutrients sufficiently to grow early. I will do it. In the embodiment, since the floor soil 10 is laid under the mat 4 through the coil 5, the speed of growth is higher than that of the vegetation mat 4 alone as in the conventional mode. It was found that the good state of health of Plant 3 is remarkably improved.

A sheet 2 which is water-permeable or perforated
The preferred material of (1) is preferably plastic, non-woven fabric, or natural fiber or regenerated fiber. Polyolefins such as polyamide, polyethylene and polypropylene, vinyl chloride and the like are available, with vinyl chloride and polyethylene being particularly preferred. Any non-woven fabric may be used, and for example, the non-woven fabric described in “Manufacturing and application of non-woven fabric” (edited by Yoshio Nakamura, CMC Co., Ltd., issued April 30, 2000) can be used. As natural fibers or regenerated fibers, cotton, hemp, cellulose, jute, rayon and acetate are preferable.

In the case of the perforated sheet, the size of the holes may be any, but it is preferably 0.5 to 10 mm. The thickness of the sheet is preferably 50 to 200 μm.

The spiral three-dimensional structure 5 may be made of plastic, natural fiber or the like. The plastic may be polyolefin such as polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride or any other material,
Polyamide is preferred.

The floor soil 10 is composed of sand, gravel, gravel, concrete pieces and the like. Moreover, as the soil improving material of the material 6 which is scattered and mixed in the floor soil 10, there are peat moss, perlite,
Pumice stones such as vermiculite, diatomaceous earth composition, bark, perlite, zeolite, rock wool, sponge, coconut shell, cryptomos, and Hidaka sand are preferable. The addition amount is preferably 0.1 to 10% with respect to the weight of Shodo 10,
0.5 to 5% is more preferable.

[0018] In addition, those which are scattered and mixed in the bed soil 10
Water retaining materials for peat moss sawdust, rice husks, bagasse, thinning, moss powder, coconut pulp powder, pulp fiber, seed linters, layered clay minerals, porous minerals, zeolites, montmorillonite clay minerals , Porous materials (silica, alumina, crystalline compounds such as whiskers, deposits such as diatomaceous earth), polyethylene oxide, polyurethane, vinyl acetate, acrylic resin and copolymers thereof, JP-A-10-191777, 1281081,94
Polymer B described in Japanese Patent No. 729 is preferable. The amount of addition is preferably 0.1 to 10%, more preferably 0.5 to 5%, based on the weight of the floor soil 10.

As the fertilizer 7 which is scattered and mixed in the floor soil 10, coffee grounds, resin coated fertilizer,
Water-insoluble fertilizer and granular organic fertilizer (Banri (trade name)) are preferable. The addition amount is 0.1 to the weight of the floor soil 10.
10% is preferable and 0.5-5% is more preferable.

[0020] The soil fungus 9 which is scattered and mixed in the bed soil 10 includes mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and VA.
Mycorrhizal fungi, azo fungi, azospirrum fungi (Dr. Kyncon (trade name)), Francia fungus, legume root nodule fungi, and brio species are preferable, and the addition amount is 0.1 with respect to the weight of the bed soil 10.
-10% is preferable, and 0.5-5% is more preferable.

In addition, it is scattered in the soil 10 and mixed 1
The carbon compound 1 is preferably graphite such as charcoal, activated carbon or bamboo charcoal, or a non-graphite carbon material, and the addition amount thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% with respect to the weight of the vegetation mat 4, and 0.5 to
5% is more preferable. The particle size is 0.01-50
μm is preferable, and 0.1 to 15 μm is preferable. The specific surface area is preferably 0.1 to 300 m ² / g, 1 to 30
m ² / g is more preferable.

Next, a preferred structure of the vegetation mat 4 will be described. As the fiber material of the fiber sheet used,
Natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, cellulose, jute, wool and silk,
Recycled fibers such as carbon fiber, acetate and rayon, and synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide (nylon) and acrylic can be used. Also, cotton, hemp, cellulose,
Natural fibers such as jute, wool and silk, carbon fibers of synthetic fibers, regenerated fibers such as acetate and rayon are more preferable, cotton, hemp, cellulose, jute, rayon and acetate are more preferable, and cotton, hemp, cellulose and jute are more preferable. Particularly preferred. And, it is preferable that the layer having high rigidity contains jute.

Preferable ones to be contained in the vegetation mat 4 are soil improving materials, water retention materials, fertilizers, soil fungi, carbon compounds and the like. Any of the above-mentioned examples included in the bed soil 10 are preferably used.

The roots and stems can be planted. There are leaf spraying, cuttings, bulb planting, rhizome planting and leaf cutting.

The plant 3 used in the invention of this application is preferably not only sedum but also herbs and bryophytes. It is most preferable to mix these plants 3 in the form of one kind of the same plant (only sedum or only herbs, moss), and it is also preferable to mix two or more kinds (for example, sedum). And herbs, or sedums, herbs, and bryophytes). When mixed, those resistant to high temperatures and those resistant to low temperatures, those resistant to dryness and high humidity, those with blooming flowers and those with beautiful leaves,
A combination of evergreen ones and reddish leaves, and those having various reddish colors is preferable. Among sedums, it is preferable to combine a plurality of varieties. Examples of preferable combinations include sedums, herbs and bryophytes. Examples of preferable plants include sedum album, Sagasa mannegusa,
Sedum Splume, Tight Gome, Mexican Mannengsa, Malva Mannengsa, Western Marman Mannusa,
These include giraffe, arbuum, european ginseng, summer glory, dianthus and alum.

When using a root-proof sheet, it is necessary to ensure that it has sufficient water permeability and its drainage property can be guaranteed.

Then, at the time of collecting as a product in which the vegetation of the predetermined plant 3 is obtained in a predetermined manner, the vegetation mat 4 is rolled from the end and rolled to be shipped.

Thus, the roots extending to the bottom soil 10 under the vegetation mat 4 at the stage of rolling into the roll are the soil 1
A small size such as sand or gravel in 0 is obtained in a slightly attached state, but in the process, the root soil is cut or damaged due to the thin layer of the floor soil 10 as in the conventional mode. The vegetation mat 4 can be shipped as a finished product in the form of a roll that is collected in a roll shape collected in a state where the vegetation has grown smoothly.

It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention of this application are not limited to the aspects of the examples presented, and that coils such as the three-dimensional spiral 5 have some variation in this size. Is sufficient, and the soil 10 laid on the coil 5 can be filled in a scattered state.

[0030]

As described above, according to the invention of this application, the vegetation mats, which are basically in high demand and are rapidly increasing in need, are cultivated by vegetation, and rooftops and wall surfaces of soccer fields and rooftops of apartment houses. When shipping products that are designed to be green,
Stable shipment of the product is guaranteed because the plant has sufficient growth and growth before shipment, and the product is even, and can be shipped as a uniform product by the scheduled shipping date. It is possible to supply good products for rooftop greening of houses, has a good and stable landscape, and has good carbonation assimilation. In some cases, it is possible to inhabit birds and insects. The excellent effect that the eco mode can also be maintained is exhibited.

A greening cultivation method using a mat in which at least one of plant seeds, stems, leaves, or roots is scattered and planted on a sheet-shaped vegetation mat made of fibrous material. It is possible to prevent the invasion of roots into the cultivation base without deteriorating water scavenging by interposing a sheet with water permeability or a hole on the underside of the vegetation mat. Without damaging the roots of
It was easy to collect. Moreover, the collected vegetation mat did not have unnecessary adhesion of soil, and it was possible to obtain a lightweight and thin layer vegetation mat.

In the lower part of the vegetation mat, floor soil is laid as a root zone on a water-permeable or perforated sheet. Therefore, the roots of the plant that have grown are damaged or damaged during collection. A vegetation mat in which a stronger plant was planted was obtained. An excellent effect is obtained in that a vegetation mat provided with plants having even vegetation can be constructed and used.

The planting method is a method of planting seeds and stems and leaves of a plant on a fibrous vegetation mat for rooting and greening. By laying a thin layer of soil sand or gravel, the growth of the mat of the plant is promoted in the field, and at the time of collecting the vegetation mat, the growth was performed by winding the mat from the end. Since the roots are lightly pulled out so that there is no cutting or damage, the product of the vegetation mat as a product is kept in good condition and the excellent effect that it can be stably shipped with the product quality is exhibited. .

By laying a perforated vinyl sheet or a water-permeable sheet on the lower surface of the base material on the surface side of the base material, drainage to the lower base material is ensured, but the root is There is an effect that it does not invade above, and by maintaining charcoal, activated carbon, fertilizer, soil conditioner, water retention material, etc. in the part of the floor soil, it is possible to maintain good root growth and absorption of water and nutrients. The excellent effect of being able to do is exhibited.

Further, the floor soil is placed between the mat and the base 3
Since it is inserted inside a structural material such as a three-dimensional coil such as a spiral, it is possible to maintain a stable soil soil insertion state despite the behavior of root growth over time and absorption of moisture and nutrients. In addition, the excellent effect that the growth, the absorption of the water and the nutrients are stably guaranteed is exhibited.

As described above, plants are sown on the vegetation mat in a short period of time, seeds and stems and leaves are sown, and the roots thereof are lowered so that they can be grown sufficiently and shipped, and the roots are not cut or damaged during shipping. , While maintaining the goodness of the product,
After collecting, it can be set again on other bases such as fields through the other vegetation mats so that it is in a flat state without any inferior parts, so that it can be set again as a mass-produced product with a stable supply over time. Excellent effect is achieved. Since unnecessary soil did not adhere, a lightweight and thin layer of vegetation mat could be easily produced.

Moreover, since the related persons can stably incorporate the vegetation mat into the design and can ship it, the shipment is stable as an industry, and the roots and plants grow together as designed even during the construction work. Because the construction ability is sufficient,
It does not change in the field, and it has a good-looking appearance. Therefore, there is an effect that the satisfaction of the end user can always be achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic vertical cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the invention of this application.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part.

FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of greening cultivation via a vegetation mat according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 foundation 2 holed vinyl 3 plants 4 Vegetation mat with fiber quality 5 Spiral three-dimensional structure 6 soil conditioners 7 fertilizer 8 water retention material 9 soil fungus 10 floor soil 11 carbon compounds

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Koichi Furusawa             1-5-15 Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Co., Ltd.             In the dock F term (reference) 2B022 AB04 AB05 BA23 BB02

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A greening cultivation method using a sheet-shaped vegetation mat made of fibrous material, in which at least one of plant seeds, stems, leaves or roots is scattered and planted. A method for greening cultivation using a mat, which is characterized by interposing a sheet having water permeability or holes on the lower side of the base. 2. The mat according to claim 1, wherein sand or gravel or the like is laid in a thin layer as floor soil between the permeable or perforated sheet and the vegetation mat. Greening cultivation method used. 3. The method for greening cultivation using a mat according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the thin layered soil of the sand, gravel or the like is 3 to 200 mm. 4. At least one of a carbon compound such as activated carbon, a fertilizer, a soil conditioner, a water retention material and a soil fungus is interposed between the permeable or perforated sheet and the vegetation mat. A method for greening cultivation using the mat according to claim 1. 5. The mat according to claim 1, further comprising a three-dimensional structural material such as a spiral structure between the water-permeable or perforated sheet and the vegetation mat. Greening cultivation method used.