JP2003094303A - Machining method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide grinding and superfinishing methods and a machining device capable of shortening the working time. SOLUTION: This machining method is so formed that grinding wheels and superfinishing grinding wheels are selectively aligned relative to respective machining counterparts of a work having a plurality of machining counterparts rotatably supported to a single axis and axially separated from one another, cross-feeding the grinding wheels and the superfinishing grinding wheels to the respective machining counterparts in the alignment position to grind the respective machining counterparts into the grinding size, and the grinding counterparts ground into the grinding size are superfinished into the superfinishing size. The superfinishing grinding wheels are made to wait in waiting positions with a prescribed interval separated from another machined part ground into the grinding size, at least, in the initial stage of the process for the grinding wheel grinding one of the grinding counterparts. The prescribed interval is determined based on the cross feed position of the superfinishing grinding wheel when another machining counterpart is machined into the superfinishing size.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a processing method and a processing apparatus for processing a work piece on a workpiece.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A compound grinding machine provided with a pair of grinding wheels, each of which is independently movable in parallel with the axis of a rotating workpiece and is capable of advancing and retracting in a direction transverse to the axis, is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-2000. -296444 publication. In this compound grinder, a grinding stone for normal finishing is provided on the first grindstone, and a super-finishing stone for precision finishing is provided on the second grindstone. In this compound grinder, a crank pin or journal of a crankshaft, which is a workpiece, is ground by a grinding wheel, and then the ground crank pin or journal is precisely finished by a superfinishing wheel. Here, the processing speed of precision finishing with a super-finishing grindstone is very slow. Therefore, in order to shorten the processing time, the super-finishing grindstone is made to stand by at the standby position near the work piece of the workpiece to be precision finished. In order to set the standby position, the position of the first wheel head when the crank pin or the journal is ground by the grinding wheel to the grinding size is stored. Then, before the precision finishing of the ground crankpin with the superfinishing grindstone, from the reference position corresponding to the position of the first grindstone base at the time of grinding the crankpin,
The second grindstone stand is previously made to stand by at a standby position separated by a margin value (margin) for preventing the superfinishing grindstone from coming into contact with the crankpin. Then, when the crank pin is subjected to precision finishing with the super-finishing grindstone, the second grindstone base is moved from the standby position to the machining position of the crank pin for precision finishing.

[0003]

By the way, the drive system of the first grinding wheel head provided with the grinding wheel is different from that of the second wheel head mounted with the superfinishing wheel. Therefore, when the second grindstone is positioned at the target position based on the coordinate position determined by the drive system of the first grindstone, for example, the difference in thermal displacement between the feed systems, the ball screw (feed screw) The second grinding wheel head may not be positioned at the target position due to a difference in backlash, a difference in characteristics of servo motors, a difference in diameter of each grindstone, a difference in measurement system, and the like. For this reason, in the conventional compound grinding machine, the margin value is taken into consideration in consideration of the error due to the difference in the drive system of each wheel head, and the super-finishing wheel waiting at the standby position does not come into contact with the work piece. Must be set to a relatively large value. Therefore, there is a limit in reducing the processing time. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a grinding and superfinishing processing method and processing apparatus capable of shortening the processing time.

[0004]

A first invention of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a processing method as described in claim 1. The machining method according to claim 1, wherein a grinding wheel and a super-finishing wheel are selectively aligned with respect to each of a plurality of work points that are rotatably supported on one axis and are separated in the axial direction of the workpiece, and the alignment is performed. At the position, the grinding wheel and the super-finishing grindstone are cut and fed to each of the work points, and the dimensions of the work points are measured. In a processing method in which a work piece ground to a work size is superfinished to a superfinishing work size under the control of the measuring means, at least an initial stage of a step in which a grinding wheel grinds one of the work pieces. In (1), the superfinishing whetstone is made to stand by at a standby position having a predetermined gap with respect to another one processing target which has been processed up to the grinding processing dimension,
This predetermined gap is characterized in that it is determined based on the feed position of the superfinishing grindstone at the time of machining another processing target to the superfinishing dimension. Claim 1
According to the processing method described in (1), when the superfinishing grindstone stands by at the standby position with respect to another one of the ground workpieces, the gap between the workpiece and the workpiece is the same as in the conventional case. When the same super-finishing grindstone first machined another work piece to the super-finishing work size, instead of deciding based on the position of the grinding wheel when the work piece was machined to the grinding work size Since it is decided based on the cutting feed position of, the position error and the control error between the feed mechanism for feeding the grinding wheel and its control system and the feed mechanism for feeding the superfinishing wheel and its control system Eliminate,
The gap can be set with high accuracy, which allows the gap to be made as small as possible, and as a result, the super-finishing processing time can be shortened.

In the machining method according to the second aspect of the present invention, a predetermined gap when the superfinishing grindstone is made to stand by at the standby position with respect to the workpiece to be ground to the grinding size is provided with another superimposing grindstone immediately before. It is characterized in that it is determined based on the cutting feed position of the super-finishing grindstone when the machining point is machined to the super-finishing dimension. According to the processing method of claim 2, the cutting feed position of the super-finishing grindstone at the end of the immediately preceding super-finishing processing determines the standby position of the super-finishing grindstone with respect to the work piece to be superfinished next. Therefore, there is almost no thermal displacement of the feed mechanism of the superfinishing stone that occurs during the time from the end of the previous superfinishing process to the next superfinishing process. It is possible to set the predetermined gap between the machined part and the processed part with higher accuracy, and to further enhance the effect of the machining method according to claim 1.

In the machining method according to the third aspect, the grinding wheel continuously grinds the first and second work points, and then superfinishes the first and subsequent work points with the superfinishing wheel. It is characterized in that the third and the third and subsequent processing points are ground by a grinding wheel alternately. According to the machining method of the third aspect, it is possible to perform the positioning of the super-finishing grindstone to the standby position with respect to the first work place in parallel with the execution of the second work place. The influence of the positioning time of the super-finishing grindstone on the standby position on the work processing time can be reduced, and as a result, the work processing time can be shortened.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing apparatus having the structure described in the second aspect, which is characterized in that the processing method according to any one of the first to third aspects is executed. According to this, the advantages achieved by the processing methods according to claims 1 to 3 can be obtained.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a processing device for processing pins and journals of a crankshaft. FIG. 1 is a view of the processing apparatus as viewed from above. A V-shaped guideway 2 and a flat guideway 3 are provided on the bed 1 in the longitudinal direction (Z-axis direction). On the V-shaped guide way 2 and the flat guide way 3, a left table 20A on which a grinding wheel head (first wheel head) 22A is mounted is provided slidably in the Z-axis direction by a feed screw 10A. Further, on the V-shaped guide way 2 and the flat guide way 3, a right table 20B on which a super-finishing wheel head (second wheel head) 22B is placed is provided slidably in the Z-axis direction by the feed screw 10B. ing. The V-shaped guideway 2 and the flat guideway 3 constitute a rail for guiding the grinding wheel head 22A and the superfinishing wheel head 22B in the Z-axis direction. The left and right tables 20A and 20B respectively have a grinding wheel 24A (first processing means) and a superfinishing wheel 24B (second processing means).
A grinding wheel head 22A and a super-finishing wheel head 22B for rotatably supporting the are provided so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction (X-axis direction) orthogonal to the Z-axis direction by the respective feed screws 14A and 14B. Further, hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the processing using the grinding wheel 24A is referred to as "grinding", and the processing using the superfinishing wheel 24B is referred to as "superfinishing".

In front of the respective grindstones 22A and 22B, a headstock 6 which is separated in the Z-axis direction and grips one end of a work W (a crankshaft in this embodiment) by a chuck 6a, and a work W. Is provided with a tailstock 7 that presses and supports the other end of the. A spindle servomotor 8 for rotating and driving the work W is provided on the spindle stock 6. The rotational position of the spindle servomotor 8, and hence the workpiece W, is detected by an encoder 9 provided at the rear end of the spindle servomotor 8.

The left table 2 on which the grinding wheel head 22A is mounted
At the left end of the feed screw 10A for moving 0A in the Z-axis direction, a servomotor 12A with an encoder 13A is provided.
Is provided. Similarly, a servo motor 12B with an encoder 13B is provided at the right end of the feed screw 10B for moving the right table 20B on which the superfinishing wheel head 22B is mounted in the Z-axis direction. Further, the left and right tables 20A and 20B have respective grindstones 22A and 22B.
Servo motor 1 with encoders 17A and 17B is attached to the ends of feed screws 14A and 14B for moving the X axis direction.
6A and 16B are provided respectively. Further, each of the grindstone bases 22A and 22B is provided with a built-in motor for rotationally driving the grinding stone 24A and motor for rotationally driving the superfinishing stone 24B. Servo motors 8 and 12
A, 12B, 16A and 16B are controlled by a CNC device (control device) 4. Further, the operation panel 5 inputs selection of the type of the work W, start / stop of the apparatus, and the like.

Both the grindstones 24A and 24B are formed by adhering a superabrasive grain layer having a thickness of about 5 to 10 mm to the outer circumference of a disk-shaped substrate, for example. The superabrasive grain layer is formed by, for example, bonding diamond or CBN abrasive grains with a vitrify bond or the like. For example, the average grain size of CBN abrasive grains contained in the abrasive grain layer of the grinding wheel 24A is preferably about # 80 to 120, and the average grain size of CBN abrasive grains contained in the abrasive layer of the superfinishing stone 24B is preferably about # 400 to 600.

Next, processing of the crankpin of the crankshaft will be described as an example. Grinding the crank pin
For example, the first pin P1, the second pin P2, the third pin P3,
It shall be performed in the order of the 4th pin. First, work W
(In this example, a crankshaft for four cylinders) is supported between the headstock 6 and the tailstock 7. Next, the CNC device 4
The spindle servo motor 8 of the spindle stock 6 is rotated to rotate the work W. At this time, the work W rotates on the axis of the journal, and the crank pins (P1 to P4) orbit around the journals (J1 to J5). Further, the CNC device 4 rotates the grinding wheel 24A and the superfinishing wheel 24B at a predetermined rotation speed. Next, the grinding wheel head 22A is moved to a position aligned with the first crank pin P1 by the servo motor 12A. Then, the grinding wheel head 22A is moved forward by the servomotor 16A to move the first crank pin P
1 is ground. At this time, since the first crank pin P1 is moving in an orbit, the grinding wheel head 22A is moved back and forth in synchronization with the rotation of the spindle servomotor 8. Also, CNC
The device 4 adjusts the servo motor 16 in accordance with this synchronous movement.
A cutting forward motion is given by A, and the final processing dimension of the grinding process is gradually finished. That is, the first crank pin P1
Is measured by the measuring head 30A provided in the left sizing device 40A, and when the first crank pin P1 is ground to the final machining size, the left sizing device 40
A outputs a signal to the CNC device 4 to stop the cutting advance of the grinding wheel head 22A. When the processing of the first crank pin P1 is completed, the servo motors 12A and 16A are controlled to grind the second crank pin P2, the third crank pin P3, and the fourth crank pin P4.

The superfinishing of the crankpin is carried out on the machined part which has been ground. For example, while the grinding process of the first crank pin P1 by the grinding wheel 24A is completed and the grinding wheel base 22A moves to a position aligned with the second crank pin P2 to process the second crank pin P2, Attach the finishing wheel head 22B to the first crank pin P1.
On the other hand, the superfinishing grindstone 24B is moved to a waiting position where the superfinishing grindstone 24B faces the same with a predetermined gap, and is made to stand by. Then, the grinding of the second crank pin P2 by the grinding wheel 24A is completed,
Move to the third crank pin P3. At this time, the superfinishing grindstone base 22B is moved from the standby position to the machining position, and the superfinishing grindstone 24B supermachines the first crank pin P1. That is, by the servo motor 16B,
Super finishing whetstone stand 22B, that is, super finishing whetstone 24B
While driving forward and backward in synchronism with the rotation of the spindle servomotor 8, the cutting forward is performed, and the first crank pin P1 is gradually finished to the final machining dimension of superfinishing. At this time, the shape (machining dimension) of the first crank pin P1 is detected by the measuring head 30B provided in the right sizing device 40B, and when the first crank pin P1 is superfinished to the final machining dimension, it is measured to the right. Size device 40B sends a signal to the CNC device 4
To stop the cutting forward of the superfinishing wheel head 22B. First crank pin P1 with superfinishing stone 24B
When the super-finishing grindstone is finished, the super-finishing grindstone base 22B is moved to the standby position where the superfinishing grindstone 24B faces the second crank pin P2, which is the next processing point, with a predetermined gap and waits. Let At this time, the grinding wheel 24A
Then, the third crank pin P3 is ground. After that,
Similarly, grinding and superfinishing are performed alternately.

As will be described later, the first crank pin P1
The standby position of the super-finishing whetstone 24B is for the grinding wheel head 22A when the crank pin P1 is ground to the final dimension.
Since the stop position of the grinding wheel head 22 is detected by the encoder 17A and stored in the CNC device 4,
It is set with reference to the stop position of A. Further, the standby position of the superfinishing grindstone 24B with respect to the second crankpin P2 to the fourth crankpin P4 is the cutting advance stop position of the superfinishing grindstone base 22B in the immediately preceding preceding superfinishing process,
That is, the first crank pin P by the superfinishing stone 24B
It is set with reference to the respective stop positions of the superfinishing wheel head 22B at the time when the superfinishing of the first to third crankpins P3 is completed. Such a stop position is detected by the encoder 17B and stored and held in the CNC device 4. As another method, the standby position of the super-finishing grindstone 24B is set to the cutting forward stop position of the super-finishing grindstone base 22B in the superfinishing process of the first crankpin P1 for all the second crankpins P2 to fourth cranks. It may be used as a reference for the pin P4, or for the second and third crank pins P2, P3, the cutting advance stop position of the superfinishing wheel head 22B during superfinishing of the first crankpin P1 is used as a reference, and The second crank pin P2 or the third crank pin P with respect to the fourth crank pin P4.
As the standard at the time of super finishing of 3
You may make it change suitably. In particular, for crankpins having similar strength characteristics, for example, those having the same angular phase, the standby position of the succeeding crankpin is based on the stop position of one preceding crankpin in superfinishing. Is also one of the preferred methods.

Next, referring to FIG. 2, the spindle servomotor 8
A method of moving the grinding wheel head 22A or the superfinishing wheel head 22B back and forth in synchronization with the rotation of the above will be described.
For example, in grinding / superfinishing, the spindle servomotor 8 and the servomotor 16A are synchronously controlled based on the profile data 4a shown in FIG. This profile data 4a shows the distance (XΘn: for example, of the grinding wheel 24A from the work rotation axis to the predetermined position of the grinding wheel head 22A with respect to the rotation angle (Θn) from the machining start position (a) of the crank pin. Distance to the axis of rotation)
It is defined every 0.5 degree. The profile data 4a is programmed in the CNC device 4. The amount of cutting of the grinding wheel 24A with respect to the crank pin is superimposed on the amount of advance / retreat of the servo motor 16A of the grinding wheel base 22A with respect to the forward / backward movement based on the profile data 4a.
As a result, the grinding wheel 24A is gradually advanced and retracted while advancing and retracting along with the crank pin orbiting movement. The same applies to the relationship between the spindle servo motor 8 and the servo motor 16B.

Next, referring to FIG. 3, left and right sizing devices 40
The structures of A and 40B and measuring heads 30A and 30B will be described. As the left and right sizing devices 40A and 40B,
For example, a well-known follow-up type sizing device (for example, manufactured by Marposs, Italy) of a type in which the size of the diameter of the processed portion is measured by following the rotating crank pin P during grinding and super finishing. ) Is used. Left sizing device 40
A and the right sizing device 40B are the grinding wheel heads 22A, respectively.
Also, the right sizing device 40B will be described below because they are mounted on the superfinishing grinding wheel base 22b, but have the same structure and are substantially symmetrical. The support member 41 on the superfinishing wheel head 22B is provided with a first arm 42 slidably supported in the vertical direction, and the tip end of the first arm 42 is slidably supported in the vertical direction. The second arm 43 is provided. Further, a measuring rod 44 is fixed to the tip of the second arm 43. A V block 4 fixed to the lower end of the measuring rod 44 and in contact with the outer periphery of the work piece
5 and a measuring head 30B including a probe 46 which is provided at the center of the probe 46 so as to be movable back and forth. The measuring head 30B detects the forward or backward position of the probe 46 and outputs a detection signal corresponding to the detected position. In addition, a guide member 47 is fixed to the tip of the V block 45, and the guide member 47 serves as a guide for the V block 45 to come into contact with the work piece.

On the superfinishing wheel head 22B, the position of the measuring rod 44 which is brought into contact with the operating piece 50 integrated with the first arm 42 is set to the rest position (two-dot chain line position) and the measuring position (solid line position).
An actuating device consisting of a hydraulic cylinder 51 for moving to and is provided. The protrusion 53 of the support piece 52 protruding forward from the lower surface of the tip end portion of the first arm 42 is
The second arm 43 is held horizontally by contacting the lower surface of the second arm 43 (indicated by the two-dot chain line position). By returning the piston 51a of the hydraulic cylinder 51 from the rest position shown by the chain double-dashed line, the measuring rod 44 gradually descends. Then, the guide member 47 comes into contact with the work piece, and the work piece engages with the V block 45 along the guide member 47. At this time, the second arm 43 can freely rotate away from the protrusion 53 of the support piece 52.

Further, the superfinishing grindstone base 22B is provided with a nut 26B which engages with the feed screw 14B. With this structure, when the servomotor 16B provided on the right table 20B is driven to rotationally drive the feed screw 14B, the superfinishing wheel head 22B provided with the nut 26B.
Moves back and forth in the X-axis direction. The grinding wheel head 22A has a similar structure. Further, the structure for moving back and forth in the Z-axis direction is the same structure.

Next, referring to FIG. 4, the dimensions of the workpiece W (the crank pin or the journal in this example) of the workpiece W and the superfinishing wheel head corresponding to the workpiece, and thus the standby position of the superfinishing stone. Will be described. Figure 4
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a work W and a superfinishing grindstone 24B. In FIG. 4, the dimension of the workpiece W before machining is indicated by “workpiece dimension before grinding”. The workpiece W in this state is treated with the grinding wheel 24.
Grinding is performed using A until the measurement dimension of the measurement head 30A of the left sizing device 40A becomes the "grinding dimension". The difference between the work size before grinding and the grinding size is, for example,
It is about 0.4 mm. The radius of the part to be processed when it is ground up to the size of the grinding is “G1”. Next, the workpiece W is subjected to superfinishing by using the superfinishing grindstone 24B by the measuring head 30B of the right sizing device 40B until the diameter measurement dimension becomes "superfinishing dimension". The difference between the grinding size and the superfinishing size is, for example, about 10μ.
m. The radius when superfinishing is performed up to the superfinishing dimension is “S1”.

The standby position corresponding to the above-mentioned super-finishing grindstone 24B, and thus the processed portion of the super-finishing grindstone base 22B, is determined by, for example, the following method. For the standby position corresponding to the first work piece, the super-finishing whetstone 24B
Grinding wheel 2 because it is not superfinished by
It is determined based on the position of the grinding wheel head 22A when the first processing point is ground to the grinding size by 4A. Driving system (measurement system) for the grinding wheel 24A (grinding wheel stand 22A) and the super-finishing wheel 24B (super-finishing wheel head 22B)
Since it is different, it is necessary to take a large margin value (margin) in consideration of the error of the information on the shape of the processed part due to the difference of the driving system (measuring system) and the like. Assuming that the margin value at this time is α, the grinding wheel head 22A measured by the encoder 17A at the time of grinding the portion to be processed by the grinding wheel 24A.
When determining the standby position corresponding to the processed portion of the super-finishing grindstone based on the position X (G1) of the super-finishing grindstone, the machining end position of the super-finishing grindstone 24B on the processed part side is [G1 + α], the super-finishing grindstone base. The position where the center position of 22B is [X (G1 + α)] is determined as the standby position.

On the other hand, at the standby position corresponding to the second work piece, since the superfinishing grindstone 24B is used for machining, the superfinishing grindstone stand when the superfinishing grindstone 24B has been superfinished by then. It is determined based on the output of the encoder 17B indicating the stop position of the cutting forward movement of 22B. In this case, since the drive system (measurement system) is the same, it is not necessary to consider the error due to the difference in the drive system (measurement system) as in the case where the drive system (measurement system) is different. ) Can be made smaller. If the margin value (margin) at this time is β (β <α), the position X of the super-finishing wheel head 22B measured by the encoder 17B at the time of super-finishing the work piece by the super-finishing wheel 24B.
When determining the standby position corresponding to the processed portion of the super-finishing grindstone 24B based on (S1), the super-finishing grindstone 2
The processing end position on the processed side of 4B is [S1a + β = (S1 +
The position where the center position of the superfinishing grinding wheel stand 22B is [X (S1a + β)] is determined as the standby position.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. [First Embodiment] In the first embodiment, finishing of a crankshaft journal will be described as an example. 5 and 6 are views for explaining the method of the present embodiment in which the journal of the crankshaft is processed by using the grinding wheel 24A and the superfinishing wheel 24B, and FIG. 5 is a view seen from above, FIG. 6 is a view seen from a direction parallel to the Z axis. Further, FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the operations of the grinding wheel and the superfinishing wheel in the method of the present embodiment. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents time (in FIG. 7, time elapses from right to left), and the vertical axis represents the distance from the center of the work W to the surface of the grindstone. Further, the arrows indicate the moving directions of the grinding wheel 24A and the super-finishing wheel 24B.
This indicates that the work W is cut into the work piece.

Before starting the processing of the work W, the grinding wheel 24A and the superfinishing wheel 24B are located at the original position of the grinding wheel (the left end in FIG. 1) and the original position of the superfinishing wheel (the right end in FIG. 1). "J1 Grinding Period" (FIGS. 5A and 6A) When the processing is started, the grinding wheel 24A moves to the first processing point from the original position of the grinding wheel (in this case, the journal J
The movement is controlled to a position aligned with 1). Then, the movement is controlled from that position to the standby position ((A) in FIG. 7) corresponding to the journal J1 at the “fast-forward speed”. At the standby position, the grinding wheel 24A and the journal J1 are not in contact with each other. From this state, the grinding wheel 24A is advanced in the direction of the journal J1 at the "rough grinding feed rate". Then, when the measured value of the measuring head 30A of the left sizing device 40A reaches a predetermined value, the grinding wheel 24A is moved to the "fine grinding feed rate".
(“Precision grinding feed rate” <“Rough grinding feed rate”), the cutting is advanced in the direction of the journal J1. Furthermore, the measured value of the measuring head 30A of the left sizing device 40A is "grinding size".
Then, the feed speed of the grinding wheel 24A is switched to the "zero grinding feed speed" (the cutting speed in the direction of the journal J1 is zero), and the machined surface of the journal J1 is adjusted. The output of the encoder 17A indicating the stop position of the cutting advance of the grinding wheel head 22A at this time is set to "G1". Then, the grinding wheel 24
A is sufficiently separated from the position where it contacts the journal J1 at "fast return speed". Note that the super-finishing grindstone 24B is located at the "super-finishing grindstone original position" during this period.

"J2 Grinding Period" (FIGS. 5B and 6B) The grinding wheel 24A moves from the position aligned with the first processing point (in this case, the journal J1) to the second processing point (in this case, the journal). The movement is controlled to a position aligned with J2). Then, the movement is controlled from that position to the standby position ((B) in FIG. 7) corresponding to the journal J2 at the “fast-forward speed”. The subsequent grinding operation (fast feed, rough grinding feed, fine grinding feed, zero grinding feed) is the same as the operation in the "J1 grinding period". During this period, the super-finishing whetstone 24B
The movement is controlled from the "superfinishing grindstone original position" to a position aligned with the first processed portion (in this case, the journal J1). Then, the movement is controlled from that position to the standby position ((a) in FIG. 7) corresponding to the journal J1 at the “fast-forward speed”, and the process waits until the grinding process of the journal J2 by the grinding wheel 24A is completed. This standby position is the grinding wheel 2
Based on the output (G1) of the encoder 17A indicating the stop position of the cutting advance of the grinding wheel head 22A when the journal J1 is ground by 4A (“J1 grinding period”), “G
1 + α ”is set. “Α” is a margin value (margin) for preventing the super-finishing grindstone 24B located at the standby position from coming into contact with the work piece. In this case, since the standby position is determined based on the stop position of the cutting advance of the grinding wheel 24A having a different drive system, a large margin value "α" is used as the margin value.

"J1 super finishing period" (FIGS. 5C and 6)
C) When the grinding of the journal J2 by the grinding wheel 24A is completed, the grinding wheel 24A is sufficiently separated from the position where it abuts the journal J2 at the “fast return speed”, and the journal J2
From the position aligned with, the third processing point (in this case,
The movement is controlled to a position aligned with the journal J3). Then, the movement is controlled from that position to the standby position ((C) in FIG. 7) corresponding to the journal J3 at the “fast-forward speed”. Then, at that position, "standby" is performed until the superfinishing of the portion to be processed (in this case, the journal J1) by the superfinishing grindstone 24B is completed. Super finishing whetstone 24
B is a standby position for the journal J1 (in this case, when the journal J2 is ground by the grinding wheel 24A).
From (a) in FIG. 7, the cutting is advanced in the direction of the journal J1 at the "super finishing feed rate" to perform the super finishing. And
When the measurement value of the measuring head 30B of the right sizing device 40B reaches the "super-finishing machining dimension", the feed speed in the direction of the journal J1 is switched to the "zero grinding feed speed" to arrange the machined surface of the journal J1. At this time, the output of the encoder 17B indicating the stop position of the cutting forward of the superfinishing wheel head 22B is set to "S1". Since the standby position corresponding to the journal J1 which is the first processing point is determined by using a large margin value (margin) "α", the standby position of the journal J1 which is the first processing point is exceeded. The finishing processing time is longer than that in the case where the standby position is determined using a small margin value (margin) “β”.

[J3 Grinding Period] (FIGS. 5D and 6D) When the superfinishing of the journal J1 by the superfinishing grindstone 24B is completed, the grinding grindstone 24A moves from the standby position corresponding to the journal J3 to the working position of the journal J3. And grind. The subsequent grinding operation (fast feed, rough grinding feed, fine grinding feed, zero grinding feed) is the same as the operation in the "J1 grinding period". At this time, the superfinishing whetstone 24B is
From the position where it is aligned with the journal JI at the "fast reverse speed",
The movement is controlled to a position aligned with the second processed portion (in this case, the journal J2). Then, the movement is controlled from that position to the standby position ((b) in FIG. 7) corresponding to the journal J2 at the “fast-forward speed”, and the process waits until the grinding of the journal J3 by the grinding wheel 24A is completed. This standby position is set by the journal J with the superfinishing stone 24B.
1 is ground ("J1 super-finishing period"), "S1a + β" (where S1a = S1 + super-finishing is cut) based on the output (S1) of the encoder 17B indicating the stop position of the cutting forward of the super-finishing grinding wheel head 22B. It is set to.
“Β” is a margin value (margin) for preventing the super-finishing grindstone 24B located at the standby position from coming into contact with the work piece. In this case, since the standby position is determined on the basis of the shape of the work piece that has been super-finished by the super-finishing grindstone 24B, a small margin value “β (β <α)” is used as the margin value.

"J2 super-finishing period" (FIG. 5E) When the grinding of the journal J3 by the grinding wheel 24A is completed, the grinding wheel 24A is sufficiently separated from the position where it abuts the journal J3 at the "fast return speed", J
The movement is controlled from the position aligned with 3 to the position aligned with the fourth processed portion (in this case, the journal J4). Then, the movement is controlled from that position to the standby position ((D) in FIG. 7) corresponding to the journal J4 at the “fast-forward speed”. Then, it waits until the super-finishing of the journal J2 by the super-finishing grindstone 24B is completed. When the grinding of the journal J3 by the grinding wheel 24A is completed, the superfinishing grindstone 24B starts superfinishing of the journal J2 from the standby position (in this case, (b) in FIG. 7) corresponding to the journal J2. The subsequent super-finishing operation is the same as the operation in the "J1 super-finishing period". At this time, the output of the encoder 17B indicating the stop position of the cutting forward of the super-finishing wheel head 22B is set to "S2". This output S2 is used when setting the standby position corresponding to the journal J3, which is the next workpiece. Since the standby position corresponding to the journal J2, which is the second processing point, is determined using a small margin value (margin) “β”, the journal J2, which is the second processing point, is used.
The super-finishing processing time of 1 is sufficiently shorter than the super-finishing processing time of the journal J1 which is the first processed portion.

Hereinafter, the operations of the "J4 grinding period" and the "J5 grinding period" are the same as those of the "J3 grinding period".
The operations of "super-finishing period", "J4 super-finishing period", and "J5 super-finishing period" are the same as those of "J2 super-finishing period", and grinding and super-finishing are performed alternately. In the present embodiment, the super-finishing of the work piece by the super-finishing grindstone 24B is performed when the grinding work piece 24A is not grinding the other work piece.
As a result, for example, vibration during the grinding process by the grinding wheel 24A does not affect the super-finishing process by the super-finishing wheel 24B, so that the super-finishing accuracy is improved.
Grinding wheel 2
4A (grinding wheel head 22A) is returned to the "grinding wheel head position", and when super finishing of all the processing points is completed, super finishing wheel 24B (super finishing wheel head 22B) is "super finishing wheel position". Returned to.

It should be noted that the information on the cutting advance stop position used for determining the standby position corresponding to the work piece may be information on the work piece that has been super-finished up to that point, and the information about the super-finishing each immediately before is finished. The information is not limited to the information about each of the affected parts. Further, it is not always necessary to alternately perform the grinding process and the super-finishing process in the process from the processing start to the processing end of the work W, and the grinding process and the super-finishing process may be alternately performed in a part of the process. Alternatively, superfinishing may be performed after finishing the grinding. In the present embodiment, in order to alternately perform the grinding process and the super-finishing process, the grinding process of the first and second work points by the grinding wheel 24A is continuously performed.

[Second Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the super-finishing processing (processing by the second processing means) of the work piece by the super-finishing grinding wheel 24B is performed by the grinding wheel 24A (first processing). It is performed when the processing of the other processed portion by the means) is not performed (processing by the first processing means).
When the effect of the processing by the processing means is small, the processing by the second processing means can be performed while the processing by the first processing means is being performed. In this case, since it is not necessary to wait for the processing by the second processing means until the processing by the first processing means is completed, the processing time can be shortened.

The second embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG. The second embodiment will also be described by taking as an example the case where a crankshaft journal is machined using a grinding wheel and a superfinishing grindstone. Similar to FIG. 7, FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the grinding wheel 24A and the superfinishing wheel 24B, in which the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the distance from the center of the work W to the machined surface of the grindstone. It represents. Further, the arrows indicate the moving directions of the grinding wheel 24A and the super-finishing wheel 24B, and indicate that the work W is cut into the processed portion as it goes downward.

"J1 Grinding Period" The grinding operation of the first work place (in this case, the journal J1) by the grinding wheel 24A is the same as the grinding operation of "J1 grinding period" in FIG. 6 of the first embodiment. Since it is similar, it is omitted. "J2 Grinding Period" and "J1 Super Finishing Period" The grinding wheel 24A moves from the position aligned with the first processed portion (in this case, the journal J1) to the second processed portion (in this case, the journal J2). The movement is controlled to the aligned position. Then, from that position, it is controlled to the standby position ((B) in FIG. 8) corresponding to the journal J2 at the "rapid feed speed", and the cutting forward is performed in the direction of the journal J2 at the "coarse grinding feed speed". The super-finishing grindstone 24B is controlled to move to a position aligned with the first processed portion (in this case, the journal J1) from the "super-finishing grindstone original position". And
From that position, the movement is controlled to the standby position ((a) in FIG. 8) corresponding to the journal J1 at the “rapid feed speed”, and the control waits until the “coarse grinding feed” by the grinding wheel 24A is completed. At this time, the standby position of the superfinishing grindstone 24B is, as described above, based on the output G1 of the encoder 17A indicating the position of the grinding wheel head 22A at which the cutting advance is stopped during the grinding process of the journal J1 by the grinding wheel 24A. G
1 + α ”.

The grinding wheel 24A has a "fine grinding feed rate".
When switching to (“fine grinding feed rate” <“coarse grinding feed rate”), superfinishing by the superfinishing grindstone 24B is started. That is, the superfinishing feed of the superfinishing grindstone 24B is started. The grinding wheel 24A switches the feed rate in the direction of the journal J2 to the "zero grinding feed rate" when the dimension of the work piece reaches the "grinding dimension", and the journal J2
Prepare the processed surface. At this time, the output of the encoder 17A indicating the stop position of the cutting advance of the grinding wheel head 22A is changed to "G
1 ”. Then, the grinding wheel 24A is sufficiently separated from the position where the grinding wheel 24A is in contact with the journal J2 at the "fast return speed", and is controlled to move to a position aligned with the third work point (in this case, the journal J3). It Then, from that position, it is controlled to the standby position ((C) in FIG. 8) corresponding to the journal J3 at the “fast-forward speed”. Then, at that position, the process waits until the superfinishing of the journal J1 by the superfinishing stone 24B is completed. In this case, it can be understood that the waiting time of the grinding wheel 24A is shorter because the superfinishing process by the superfinishing wheel 24B starts earlier than in the first embodiment shown in FIG. on the other hand,
The super-finishing grindstone 24B super-finishes the journal J1 at "super-finishing feed rate", and when the dimension of the journal J1 becomes "super-finishing dimension", the feed rate in the direction of the journal J1 becomes "zero grinding feed rate". Switch and arrange the processing surface of journal J1. At this time, the super finishing whetstone 22
The output of the encoder 17B indicating the stop position of the B cutting forward is set to "S1". For the standby position corresponding to the journal J1 which is the first processed portion, a large margin value (margin) “α” is used.
The super-finishing processing time of 1 is longer than the super-finishing processing time of the other processed parts.

"J3 Grinding Period" and "J2 Superfinishing Period" After the superfinishing of the journal J1 by the superfinishing grindstone 24B is finished, the grinding wheel 24A advances in the direction of the journal J3 at the "coarse grinding feed rate". The super-finishing grindstone 24B is sufficiently separated from the position where it abuts on the journal J1 at the “fast return speed”, and is controlled to move to a position aligned with the second work place (in this case, the journal J2). Then, the movement is controlled from that position to the standby position ((b) in FIG. 8) corresponding to the journal J2 at the “fast-forward speed”, and the process waits until the “coarse grinding feed” by the grinding wheel 24A is completed. At this time, the standby position of the super-finishing grindstone 24B is "S1a + β" based on the stop position S1 of the cutting forward of the super-finishing grindstone base 22B during the superfinishing of the journal J1 by the superfinishing grindstone 24B, as described above.
Is decided.

When the grinding wheel 24A is switched to the "fine grinding feed rate", superfinishing by the superfinishing wheel 24B is started. FIG. 8 shows an example in which the superfinishing grindstone 24B is in the "moving" and "fast-forwarding" states when the grinding wheel 24A is switched to the "fine grinding feed rate". The starting point of each super-finishing by the super-finishing grindstone 4B can be variously changed. The operations of the grinding wheel 24A and the super-finishing wheel 24B thereafter are the same as the operations of the "J2 grinding period" and the "J1 super-finishing period", and therefore will be omitted. However, the standby position in FIG. 8B is determined based on the stop position of the cutting advance of the super-finishing grindstone base 22B during the super-finishing processing by the super-finishing grindstone 4B, and thus is a small margin value ( Margin) “β” is used. As a result, the super-finishing processing time for the second and subsequent workpieces is shorter than the super-finishing processing time for the first workpiece.

Hereinafter, "J4 grinding period" and "J3 superfinishing period" to "J5 grinding period" and "J4 superfinishing period".
The operation in is similar to the operation in the "J3 grinding period" and the "J2 super-finishing period". In the “J5 superfinishing period”, only the superfinishing of the journal J5 is performed. When the grinding of all the processing points is finished, the grinding wheel 24A is returned to the "grinding wheel original position", and when the super finishing of all the processing points is finished, the super finishing wheel 24B is moved to the "super finishing wheel original position". Are returned to.

In the second embodiment, the initial stage of superfinishing is parallel to the final stage of grinding after the completion of rough grinding, but the final stage of superfinishing is completed after the finishing of grinding. Done. This makes it possible to reduce the processing time and improve the processing accuracy.

In the first and second embodiments, the example of processing the journal of the crankshaft has been described, but the crankpin of the crankshaft can be processed in the same manner. It is also possible to machine the crankpin and the journal. [Third Embodiment] Next, with reference to FIG. 9, a third embodiment of alternately machining a crank pin and a journal will be described. FIG. 9 (A)-
(F) is a figure explaining the method of sequentially processing the to-be-processed part of the workpiece W (in this case, the crankpins P1 to P4 and the journals J1 to J5) with the grinding wheel 24A and the superfinishing wheel 24B. Further, “α” represents a large margin value (margin) as described above, and “β” represents a small margin value (margin). Further, α> 0 and β> 0, and α> β.

"J1 Grinding Period" (FIG. 9A) The grinding wheel 24A grinds the first workpiece part (journal J1) of the work W. The operation during the J1 grinding period is
This is the same as the operation during the J1 grinding period of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Grinding wheel head 22 at the end of this processing
The cutting stop position "G1" of A is detected from the output of the encoder 17A. "P1 Grinding Period" (FIG. 9B) The grinding wheel 24A grinds the second workpiece part (crank pin P1) of the work W. The cutting stop position "H1" of the grinding wheel head 22A at the end of this processing is detected from the output of the encoder 17A. At this time, the super-finishing grindstone 24B is the first processed portion (journal J
The grinding wheel 24 is controlled to move to the standby position corresponding to 1).
It waits until the grinding of the crank pin P1 by A is completed. The standby position corresponding to the journal J1 of the super-finishing grindstone 24B is obtained by "G1 + α" using the allowance value "α" based on the above-described detection value (G1).

"J1 super-finishing period" (FIG. 9C) When the grinding of the crank pin P1 by the grinding wheel 24A is completed, the grinding wheel 24A is at the standby position corresponding to the third processed portion (journal J2) of the work W. Is controlled to move. On the other hand, the crank pin P by the grinding wheel 24A
When the first grinding process is completed, the superfinishing grindstone 24B advances from the standby position corresponding to the journal J1 and starts the superfinishing process for the journal J1. Cutting stop position "S1" of the super-finishing wheel head 22B at the end of this processing
Is detected from the output of the encoder 17B. “J2 Grinding Period” (FIG. 9D) When the superfinishing of the journal J1 by the superfinishing grindstone 24B is completed, the grinding stone 24A starts grinding of the journal J2. When the grinding process of the journal J2 is completed, the grinding wheel 4A is controlled to move to the standby position corresponding to the fourth processed part (crank pin P2) of the work W. On the other hand, the super-finishing grindstone 24B is controlled to move to the standby position corresponding to the second work piece (the crank pin P1) and waits until the grinding of the journal J2 by the grinding grindstone 24A is completed. At this time, super finishing whetstone 2
The standby position corresponding to the crankpin P1 of 4B is obtained by "H1 + α" using the allowance value "α" based on the cutting stop position "H1" of the grinding wheel head 22A at the end of grinding by the grinding wheel 24A.

"P1 super-finishing period" (Fig. 9E) When the grinding of the journal J2 is completed, the grinding wheel 24
A is the fourth work part of the work W (crank pin P
The movement is controlled to the standby position corresponding to 2). On the other hand, when the grinding process of the journal J2 is completed, the superfinishing stone 24
B moves forward from the standby position corresponding to the crank pin P1 and starts superfinishing of the crank pin P1. At the end of this processing, the cutting stop position "T1" of the superfinishing wheel head 22B is detected from the output of the encoder 17B. “P2 Grinding Period” (FIG. 9F) When the superfinishing of the crank pin P1 is completed, the grinding wheel 24A starts machining the crank pin P2. On the other hand, the super-finishing grindstone 24B is controlled to move to the standby position corresponding to the third processed portion (journal J2) of the work W, and waits until the grinding of the crank pin P2 by the grinding grindstone 24A is completed. At this time, super finishing whetstone 2
The standby position corresponding to the journal J2 of 4B is determined based on the information about the shape of the journal when the journal having the same shape as the journal J2 is superfinished. For example, based on the dimension “S1” of the journal J1 during superfinishing, the margin value “β” is used to calculate “S1a +
β ”(however, S1a = S1 + super finishing cutting allowance).

Grinding wheel 24A and superfinishing wheel 24B
Of the crank pin to be machined next is synchronized with the orbiting motion of the crank pin to be machined next while being held in the standby position. The margin values α and β are maintained at the predetermined values even in the angular position. Further, the grindstone base 22A at the end of grinding and super-finishing of each crankpin,
The detection of the cutting stop positions "H1" and "T1" of 22B is
This is done by reading the outputs of the encoders 17A and 17B when the crank pin reaches the angular position (3 o'clock position) of FIG. Furthermore, in each of the above-described embodiments, the standby position (C, D, and E in FIG. 7) for waiting the grinding wheel 24A during the superfinishing by the superfinishing wheel 24B has a pre-processing dimension as known in the art. Set it to an appropriate position in anticipation. As another method, using the grinding size of the first or second grinding processed point as a reference, a position where the grinding allowance and an appropriate margin value are added to this is obtained, and this position is used in the subsequent grinding process. It may be the standby position. As yet another method, at the time of grinding each of the third and subsequent workpieces, the left sizing device 40A is used to check the pre-grinding size, and a position to which a slight margin value is added is obtained. This position may be set as a standby position at the time of grinding each of the third and subsequent workpieces.

The standby position corresponding to the crank pin P2 of the superfinishing grindstone 24B is "T1a + β" (however, using the allowance value "β" based on the dimension "T1" of the crankpin P1 during superfinishing. , T1a = T1 + super finishing cutting allowance). As described above, in the present embodiment, in the processing locations of the same shape (in this case, the journal group and the crankpin group), the standby position of the super-finishing grindstone 24B corresponding to the second and subsequent processing locations. Based on the dimensions (in this example, the dimension "S1" of the journal and the dimension "T1" of the crankpin) after the superfinishing by the superfinishing grindstone 24B of the previous time or earlier.
It is set using a small margin value "β". Although the grinding process and the super-finishing process were alternately performed, the processing method is not limited to this. For example, superfinishing may be performed after grinding, or alternatively, grinding and superfinishing of crank pins may be performed alternately after grinding and superfinishing of journals. Good.

The present invention is not limited to the configurations, procedures and the like described in the embodiments, and various changes, additions and deletions can be made without changing the gist of the present invention. Further, various measuring devices can be used as the measuring device for measuring the dimensions of the work piece. In the present embodiment, the case of processing the crankpin and the journal of the crankshaft has been described. However, the present invention can be applied to the case of processing various works, and further, various processed parts of the work can be provided. It can be applied when processing. Further, the numerical values, materials, etc. used in the description of the present embodiment are examples, and the present invention is not limited to these numerical values, materials, etc.

[0045]

As described above, by using the processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and the processing apparatus according to claim 4, the processing time can be shortened when superfinishing is performed following grinding. can do.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a processing device for processing pins and journals of a crankshaft.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method of moving a wheel head back and forth in synchronization with rotation of a spindle servo motor.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a measuring device used in the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating respective dimensions of a work piece of a work W.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a work piece of a work W with a grinding wheel and a superfinishing wheel according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing each state of FIGS. 5A to 5D as seen from a direction parallel to the Z axis.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between a processing state and a processing time of a portion to be processed in the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between a processing state and a processing time of a processing target portion in the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of alternately processing a crank pin and a journal according to the third embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 bed 2 V-shaped guideway 3 Flat guide way 4 CNC equipment 5 control panel 6 Headstock 6a chuck 7 tailstock 8 Spindle servo motor 9 encoder 10A, 10B, 14A, 14B Feed screw 12A, 12B, 16A, 16B Servo motor 13A, 13B, 17A, 17B encoder 20A left table 20B right table 22A grinding wheel head 22B Super finishing whetstone 24A grinding wheel 24B Super finishing whetstone 30A, 30B measuring head 40A Left sizing device 40B Right sizing device W work P1 to P4 crank pin J1 to J5 journals

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Shinji Soma             1-1 Asahi-cho, Kariya city, Aichi             Machine Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Naoki Ito             1-1 Asahi-cho, Kariya city, Aichi             Machine Co., Ltd. F term (reference) 3C043 AC25 CC03 CC12

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A grinding grindstone and a superfinishing grindstone are selectively aligned with respect to each of a plurality of work points which are rotatably supported on one axis and which are separated in the axial direction of a work, and the grinding grindstone is at this aligned position. And feed the super-finishing grindstone to each of the work points and measure the dimensions of the work points.Under the control of the measuring means, each of the work points is ground to the grinding dimension and ground to the grinding dimension. In a processing method in which the processed part is superfinished to a superfinishing dimension under the control of the measuring means, at least at an initial stage of the step of the grinding wheel grinding one of the processed parts, The superfinishing whetstone is made to stand by at a standby position having a predetermined clearance with respect to another processing target that has been processed up to the grinding size, and the predetermined clearance is first provided in another processing target. Processing method is characterized in that so as to determine on the basis of the cut feed position of the superfinishing grindstone when processed to superfinishing dimensions. 2. The machining method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined gap when the superfinishing grindstone is made to stand by at the standby position with respect to a work piece ground to the grinding size is the superfinishing. A machining method characterized in that it is determined based on a cutting feed position of the super-finishing grindstone when the grindstone has processed a work piece up to the super-finishing dimension immediately before. 3. The machining method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second workpiece parts are continuously ground by the grinding wheel to a grinding size, and then the 1
A machining method, wherein superfinishing by the superfinishing grindstone at the third and subsequent work points and grinding by the grinding grindstone at the third and subsequent workpoints are alternately performed. 4. A work supporting device that rotatably supports the work on a bed, and an axis of the work on the path from one end and the other end along the path on the bed toward the other side. First and second grindstones that are movably guided in a direction and that can advance and retreat with respect to the work in a direction crossing the work axis, and grinding wheels that are rotatably supported by the first and second grindstones, respectively. The super-finishing grindstone and each engages with the work piece of the work to measure the dimension of the work piece being processed, and the grinding wheel and the super-finishing grindstone machine the work piece to the above-mentioned grinding work dimensions and super-finish work dimensions, respectively. A first and second measuring device for outputting a signal at times, a feed device capable of independently feeding each of the first and second grinding stone heads in the axial direction and in a direction crossing the same, and A numerical controller for receiving the outputs from the first and second measuring devices and controlling the feeding device according to a predetermined machining program.
A processing apparatus, which executes the processing method according to any one of 3 to 3.