JP2003094276A - Machine tool, tool, tool holder, and machining method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tool, which can alleviate a burden on a machine tool in machining by a machine tool such as a machining center, and a tool holder. SOLUTION: The tool has a mounting member 62 to be mounted to a main spindle 46, a cutting tool 100 as a machining tool to machine a work, an air motor 80 to rotate the cutting tool 100, a cam member 101 constituting a cam mechanism by which the cutting tool 100 is reciprocated with a prescribed stroke by using rotation force transmitted from the mounting member 62, and a guide roller 121.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tool, a tool holder, a machine tool and a machining method using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Machining centers are used for chamfering, drilling,
It is a compound machine tool that can perform various machining such as boring and tapping. The machining of a work in a machining center is performed by, for example, moving a rotary tool mounted on a spindle and a work fixed on a movable table relatively. For example, when machining a small-diameter hole with a diameter of 1 mm or less in a work such as a substrate or heat-resistant steel plate, a tool such as a drill attached to the tip of a rotating spindle is cut into the work and It is known to repeatedly perform evacuation to make a hole. In this way, by repeatedly cutting and retracting the cutting tool, breakage due to heat generation of the cutting tool can be suppressed, and cutting chips can be effectively discharged from the hole to be processed.

[0003]

By the way, in order to repeatedly cut and retract the cutting tool as described above, it is necessary to repeatedly reciprocate the spindle. On the other hand, in order to efficiently perform drilling, it is necessary to reciprocate the spindle at high speed. When the reciprocating motion of the spindle is repeated at high speed, the impact on the machining center is large, which may adversely affect the performance and life of the machining center. Further, there has been a disadvantage that a considerable amount of labor is required to create a machining program for drilling while repeatedly cutting and retracting the cutting tool as described above.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a tool capable of reducing the load on the machine tool in machining by the machine tool such as a machining center. Especially. Another object of the present invention is to provide a tool and a processing method capable of suppressing breakage of a processing tool such as a drill used for drilling a relatively small diameter.

[0005]

A tool of the present invention is a tool that is removably mounted on a spindle of a machine tool, the mounting portion being mounted on the spindle, a processing tool for machining a work,
A drive motor that rotates the processing tool, and a conversion unit that causes the processing tool to make a predetermined motion by utilizing the rotational force transmitted from the mounting portion are provided.

[0006] Preferably, the converting means is a cam mechanism for reciprocating the processing tool with a predetermined stroke in the rotation axis direction of the processing tool.

Further, the tool of the present invention is provided so as to hold the processing tool, transmit the rotation from the mounting portion, and be movable with respect to the mounting portion in the rotation axis direction of the processing tool. A movable part and a non-rotating part of the machine tool,
The cam mechanism is further provided between the non-rotating part and the movable part. The non-rotating part holds the mounting part rotatably.

More preferably, the drive motor is an air motor driven by compressed air supplied through a conduit formed inside the main shaft and the mounting portion.

A tool holder of the present invention is a tool holder that rotatably holds a processing tool for processing a work and is detachably mounted on a spindle of a machine tool body, and a mounting portion mounted on the spindle. , A movable part that holds a processing tool for processing a work and is movably provided with respect to the mounting part, and a conversion that causes the movable part to perform a predetermined motion by using a rotational force transmitted from the mounting part. And means.

A machine tool of the present invention is a machine tool main body having a main spindle, a drive means for driving the main spindle, and at least one control shaft for changing a relative position between the main spindle and a workpiece, the drive means, and A control device that drives and controls a control axis according to a machining program, and a tool that is detachably mounted on the spindle of the machine tool body, and the tool includes a mounting portion that is mounted on the spindle, and a workpiece. The processing tool includes a processing tool to be processed, a drive motor that rotates the processing tool, and a conversion unit that causes the processing tool to perform a predetermined motion by using the rotational force transmitted from the mounting portion.

According to the processing method of the present invention, a mounting portion detachably mounted on a spindle of a machine tool, a processing tool for processing a workpiece, and a drive motor for rotating the processing tool are transmitted from the mounting portion. A tool having a cam mechanism that reciprocates the processing tool in the rotation axis direction of the processing tool by using a rotational force is attached to a spindle of a machine tool, and the spindle and the drive motor are driven to rotate. While cutting the processing tool with respect to the work, the processing tool is reciprocated to make a hole in the work.

Preferably, the reciprocating speed of the rotating working tool is controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the main shaft.

According to the present invention, the processing tool is rotated by the drive motor and is given a predetermined motion by the converting means. Therefore, it is not necessary to move the spindle or the table holding the work in order to give the predetermined movement to the processing tool, and the load on the machine tool is reduced.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a machining center as an example of a machine tool to which the present invention is applied. The machining center is a so-called numerically controlled machine tool capable of complex machining.

In FIG. 1, the machining center 1 is provided with a cross rail 37 movably supported at both ends by respective shafts of a gate-shaped column 38, and a saddle 44 movably supported on the cross rail 37. The ram 45 is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) via.

On the saddle 44, a screw portion (not shown) is formed in the horizontal direction through the cross rail 37, and a feed shaft 41 having a screw portion formed on the outer periphery is screwed into the screw portion. A servo motor 19 is connected to one end of the feed shaft 41, and the feed shaft 41 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 19.

By rotating the feed shaft 41, the saddle 4
4 becomes movable in the Y-axis direction, which allows the ram 45 to move.
Is moved and positioned in the Y-axis direction. further,
A thread portion (not shown) is formed in the saddle 44 in the vertical direction, and the feed shaft 42 having a thread portion formed on the outer periphery is screwed into the thread portion. The servomotor 20 is connected to the end of the feed shaft 42.

The feed shaft 42 is rotatably driven by the servo motor 20, whereby the ram 45 movably provided on the saddle 44 is moved and positioned in the Z-axis direction. A spindle motor 31 is built in the ram 45, and the spindle motor 31 rotationally drives a spindle 46 rotatably held by the ram 45. A tool T such as an end mill is attached to the tip of the spindle 46, and the tool T is rotated by the rotation of the spindle 46.
Is driven.

Below the ram 45, a table 35 is provided so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. The table 35 contains
A screw portion (not shown) is formed, and a feed shaft (not shown) provided along the X-axis direction is screwed into the screw portion, and the servo motor 18 is connected to the feed shaft (not shown).

The table 35 is moved and positioned in the X-axis direction by the rotation drive of the servo motor 18. Further, the two gate-shaped columns 38 are each formed with a screw part (not shown), and the feed shaft 3 screwed into the screw part.
The cross rail 37 is moved up and down by rotationally driving 2a by the cross rail lifting motor 32.

An automatic tool changer (ATC) 39 automatically changes various tools T with respect to the spindle 46. The automatic tool changer 39 stores various tools T held by a tool holder in a magazine (not shown),
The tool T mounted on the spindle 46 is stored in a magazine by a tool exchanging arm (not shown), and the necessary tool T is stored in the spindle 46.
It is installed by the tool change arm.

The numerical control (NC) device 51 controls the drive of the servo motors 18, 19, 20 and the cross rail lifting motor 32 and the spindle motor 31. Specifically, the NC device 51 uses the servo motors 18, 1 according to the machining procedure of a workpiece defined in advance by a machining program.
The position and speed between the tool T and the work are controlled by 9, 20. Further, the NC device 51 controls the rotation speed of the spindle 46 by deciphering the rotation speed of the spindle 31 defined by the S code in the machining program, for example.

Further, the NC device 51 executes automatic exchange of various tools T by deciphering the operation of exchanging the tool T defined by the M code in the machining program.

The air source 300 is connected to a pipe line for supplying compressed air formed inside the main shaft 46,
Compressed air is supplied to an air motor incorporated in a tool, which will be described later, through a conduit in the main shaft 46.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing the structure of the tool according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows A of the tool shown in FIG.
It is a sectional view of the A line direction. The tool 60 according to the present embodiment is used for drilling, for example.

As shown in FIG. 2, the tool 60 includes the cutting tool 10.
0 and a tool holder 61 for holding the cutting tool 100. The cutting tool 100 is an embodiment of the processing tool of the present invention. The blade 100 is, for example, a drill.

The tool holder 61 includes a mounting member 62, a non-rotating member 66, a holding member 70, and a cam member 101.

As shown in FIG. 2, the mounting member 62 includes a grip portion 62a to be gripped, a taper shank 62b to be mounted on the taper sleeve 46a formed at the tip of the main shaft 46, and the taper shank 62b. And a pull stud 62c formed at the tip of the.

The gripping portion 62a of the mounting member 62 is mounted on the spindle 46 from the magazine of the automatic tool changing device 39 by the tool changing arm of the automatic tool changing device 39 and from the spindle 46 of the automatic tool changing device 39. It is gripped when it is transported to the magazine. The taper shank 62b of the mounting member 62 is mounted on the taper sleeve 46a of the main shaft 46 so that its central axis is concentric with the central axis of the main shaft 46. When the mounting member 62 is mounted on the taper sleeve 46a of the main shaft 46, the pull stud 62c of the mounting member 62 is clamped by a collet of a clamp mechanism (not shown) built in the main shaft 46. The clamp mechanism built in the main shaft 46 is a well-known technique, and thus its details are omitted.

As shown in FIG. 3, the mounting member 62 has a conduit 62d formed in the center thereof. This pipeline 6
A connection hole 62e having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the conduit 62d is formed so as to communicate with 2d. Further, the mounting member 6
2, the insertion hole 6 from the connection hole 62e toward the lower end.
2f is formed. The air source 30 is supplied to the pipe line 62d through the pipe line 46b formed inside the main shaft 46 described above.
Compressed air CA supplied from 0 is supplied. further,
The mounting portion 62 has a bearing 67 on the inner periphery of an annular non-rotating member 66.
It is rotatably held via.

As shown in FIG. 2, the non-rotating member 66 is provided with a detent pin 69 fixed to the side surface on the main shaft 46 side so as to project toward the main shaft 46 side. The rotation stopper pin 69 is inserted into the fitting hole 47a formed in the non-rotating portion 47 such as the ram 45 on the main shaft 46 side by mounting the mounting portion 62 on the taper sleeve 46a of the main shaft 46. It This rotation stop pin 69 has a fitting hole 4
The non-rotating member 66 is inserted into the main shaft 4 by being inserted into the main shaft 4a.
The rotation is restricted regardless of the rotation of 6.

The holding member 70 is a cylindrical member,
The housing hole 70a is provided inside. This accommodation hole 70a
The air motor 80 is inserted in the. Air motor 80
Are fixed to the holding member 70. The holding member 70 is
An insertion hole 62 whose outer peripheral surface is formed in the mounting member 62 described above.
It is fitted to the inner circumference of f. On the outer peripheral portion of the holding member 70,
The key 71 is fixed along the axial direction.
1 is fitted in a single key groove 62g formed along the axial direction on the inner periphery of the insertion hole 62f of the mounting member 62. Therefore, the holding member 70 is movable with respect to the mounting member 46 in the rotational axis directions A1 and A2 shown in FIG.
Moreover, the rotation of the mounting member 46 is restricted. Therefore, when the mounting member 46 rotates, the holding member 70 also rotates together with the mounting member 46.

The holding hole 70 is provided at the lower end side of the holding member 70.
A support hole 70b is formed so as to communicate with a. The support hole 70b opens on the lower end side of the holding member 70. A drive shaft 81 of an air motor 80 is rotatably supported on the inner circumference of the support hole 70b via a bearing 92.

The air motor 80 has a connecting pipe 82 on the upper end side, and the connecting pipe 82 is connected to the connecting hole 62e of the mounting member 62.
And the connecting pipe 82 is axially movable in the connecting hole 62e. In addition, the connection pipe 82 and the connection hole 6
An O-ring OR is provided between the connecting pipe 82 and 2e, and the O-ring OR seals between the connecting pipe 82 and the connecting hole 62e. The air motor 80 rotates the drive shaft 8 at a rotation speed according to the pressure of the compressed air CA supplied through the conduit 62d.
Drive 1 A chucking member 95 is provided at the tip of the drive shaft 81, and a cutting tool 100 such as a drill is attached to and detached from the chucking member 95.

The cam member 101 is formed of a cylindrical member, is fitted to the outer periphery of the holding member 70, and is fixed to the holding member 70. A cam groove 102 having a predetermined shape is formed on the outer periphery of the cam member 101. The guide roller 101 is fitted in the cam groove 102. The guide roller 101 is
It is rotatably held at the tip of the connecting member 120 fixed to the lower surface of the non-rotating member 66.

The cam groove 102 is formed so that the guide roller 101 is fitted and the holding member 70 rotates to reciprocate the holding member 70 in the rotation axis directions A1 and A2 with a predetermined stroke. There is. Cam groove 102
The shape of is not particularly limited, but in the present embodiment, the holding member 70 reciprocates two times in the rotation axis directions A1 and A2 for each rotation of the holding member 70.

Next, an example of the operation of the tool 60 having the above structure will be described. First, as shown in FIG.
The tool 60 is attached to the pipe 60, and the compressed air CA adjusted to a desired pressure from the air source 300 is supplied to the pipe line 46b in the main shaft 46. The air motor 8 in the tool 60 is passed through the pipe line 46b.
Compressed air CA is supplied to 0, and the drive shaft 81 rotates. As a result, the cutting tool 100 has the arrow R2 shown in FIG.
Rotation in the direction of, for example, tens of thousands rpm.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the main shaft 46 is rotated in the direction of arrow R1. The rotation of the main shaft 46 is directly transmitted to the holding member 70, and the cam groove 102 moves with respect to the guide roller 121. As a result, the blade 100 reciprocates along with the holding member 70 in the directions of the rotation axis directions A1 and A2.

For example, in the state shown in FIG. 2, the relationship between the cam groove 102 and the guide roller 121 is such that the holding member 7
It is assumed that 0 is located at the lowest point with respect to the mounting member 62. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which the relationship between the cam groove 102 and the guide roller 121 is changed to the relationship in which the holding member 70 is located at the uppermost point with respect to the mounting member 62, and FIG.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA in the state shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, when the cutting tool 100 moves upward from the lowest point by the stroke ST, the holding member 70 and the air motor 80 also move toward the mounting member 62 inside the tool 60 as shown in FIG.

When the spindle 46 rotates continuously, the cutting tool 10
0 repeats the reciprocating motion of the stroke ST. Cam member 1
The cam groove 102 of No. 01 is formed so that the reciprocating motion of the stroke ST occurs twice per one rotation of the main shaft 46. Therefore, for example, the rotation speed of the main shaft 46 is 1000 rpm.
, The blade 100 reciprocates 2000 times per minute.

Next, an example of drilling using the tool 60 having the above structure will be described. For example, a drill having a diameter of 0.1 mm is used for the cutting tool 100 used for the tool 60, the stroke ST of the cutting tool 100 reciprocating in the tool 60 is set to 1 mm, and a through hole is formed in a heat-resistant steel plate having a plate thickness of 10 mm as a workpiece. The case will be described as an example. First, the work is fixed on the table, and the tool 60 is attached to the spindle 46 of the machining center 1 by the automatic tool changer 39. Then, the compressed air CA is applied to the tool 60.
The cutting tool 100, for example, 40,000 rp
Rotate at m.

Next, after the rotating blade 100 is positioned at a predetermined position above the work W, the spindle 46 is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed, for example, 500 rpm. As a result, the blade 100 starts reciprocating 1000 times per minute at a speed according to the rotation speed of the main shaft 46.

Then, the spindle 46 is lowered in the Z-axis direction at a predetermined speed, for example, 200 mm / min. As a result, the cutting tool 100 has a stroke S of 1 mm.
While repeating the reciprocating motion at T, it gradually descends in the Z-axis direction and cuts into the work. Cutting tool 100 cut into the work
Reciprocates repeatedly, the cutting waste is efficiently discharged from the processed hole. Further, since the cutting operation and the retracting operation are repeated, breakage due to heat generation of the cutting tool 100 can be suppressed.

In the present embodiment, when cutting the cutting tool 100 into a work, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the direction of the plate thickness H of the work W is divided into three regions, and each region is divided into three regions. Drilling is performed while controlling the reciprocating speed of the cutting tool 100.

Specifically, a processing area (1) near the surface of the work W shown in FIG. 6A, a processing area (2) inside the work W shown in FIG. 6B, and FIG. It is divided into a processing region (3) near the back surface of the work W shown in (c). When the plate thickness H is 10 mm, the depth of the processing region (1) is, for example,
It is about 1 mm. The depth of the processing area (2) is, for example, about 8 mm, and the rest is the processing area (3).

In the processing area (1), the cutting tool 100 is the work W.
The cutting region (3) is a region where the cutting tool 100 penetrates the work W, and these regions are regions where the drill is easily broken.

For example, in the machining area (1), the rotation speed of the spindle 46 is set to 500 rpm, and after the machining in the machining area (1) is completed, the rotation speed of the spindle 46 is 1000 rp.
Machining of the machining area (2) is carried out by raising to m, and after the machining of the machining area (2) is completed, the rotational speed of the spindle 46 is again reduced to 500 rpm and machining of the machining area (3) is carried out.
Thus, in the processing areas (1) and (3),
By controlling the reciprocating speed of the cutting tool 100 to be a relatively small value and controlling the cutting area (2) to be larger than the processing areas (1) and (3), breakage of the cutting tool 100 can be suppressed. In addition to this, it becomes possible to perform efficient drilling.

As described above, according to this embodiment, when the tool 60 is used for drilling, the cutting tool 100 is rotated by the air motor 80 built into the tool 60, and
Drilling is performed by reciprocating the cutting tool 100 in the direction of the rotation axis by using the rotation of the main shaft 46 while lowering the main shaft 46 with respect to the workpiece at a predetermined feed speed. For example, cutting tool 1
When both the downward movement of 00 and the reciprocating operation are performed only by the movement of the main shaft 46, a heavy load is applied to the machining center 1. However, in the present embodiment, the reciprocating operation is performed by the cam member 101 by utilizing the rotation of the main shaft 46. Since it is performed, the burden on the machining center 1 can be significantly reduced. Further, since the air motor 80 is used to supply the compressed air through the main shaft 46, wiring for supplying power is unnecessary, so that the tool 60 can be replaced by the automatic tool changer 39.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. In the embodiment described above, the air motor 80 is used to rotate the cutting tool 100, but for example, the tool 60 is used.
It is also possible to incorporate a generator and an electric motor therein and rotate the blade 100. In this case, the rotational force of the main shaft is transmitted to both the cam mechanism and the generator, the electric motor is rotated by the electric power generated by the generator, and the blade 10 is rotated by the rotation of the electric motor.
The configuration may be such that 0 is rotated. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the cutting tool 100 such as a drill is used as the processing tool has been described, but the present invention is also applicable to other processing tools such as grinding and polishing grindstones. Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the blade mechanism 100 is reciprocally moved by the cam mechanism has been described, but it is possible to perform not only reciprocating motion but also other motions such as turning motion. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the movement of the cutting tool 100 is generated by the cam mechanism, but it is possible to use the rotation of the main shaft 46 to perform a predetermined movement by using not only the cam mechanism but also another mechanism.

[0050]

According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the load on the machine tool when machining with a machine tool such as a machining center.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a machining center as an example of a machine tool to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing the configuration of the tool according to the embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the tool shown in FIG. 2 taken along the line AA.

FIG. 4 is a front view for explaining the operation of the tool when the spindle is rotated.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the tool shown in FIG. 4 taken along the line AA.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a procedure of drilling.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Machining center 31 ... Spindle motor 39 ... Automatic tool changer 46 ... Spindle 60 ... Tool 61 ... Tool holder 62 ... Mounting member 66 ... Non-rotating member 67 ... Bearing 69 ... Non-rotating pin 70 ... Holding member 80 ... Air motor 95 ... Chucking member 100 ... Cutting tool 101 ... Cam member 102 ... Cam groove 250 ... NC device 300 ... Air source

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A tool removably mounted on a spindle of a machine tool, the mounting portion being mounted on the spindle, a processing tool for processing a work, a drive motor for rotating the processing tool, A tool having a converting means for causing the processing tool to make a predetermined motion by utilizing the rotational force transmitted from the mounting portion. 2. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the conversion means is a cam mechanism that reciprocates the processing tool in a rotation axis direction of the processing tool with a predetermined stroke. 3. A movable part, which holds the processing tool, transmits rotation from the mounting part, and is movably provided to the mounting part in a rotation axis direction of the processing tool, A non-rotating part that is connected to a non-rotating part of a machine and that rotatably holds the mounting part is provided, and the cam mechanism is provided between the non-rotating part and the movable part. The tool according to claim 2. 4. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the drive motor is an air motor driven by compressed air supplied through a conduit formed inside the main shaft and the mounting portion. 5. A tool holder, which rotatably holds a processing tool for processing a work and is removably mounted on a main shaft of a machine tool body, and a mounting portion mounted on the main shaft and a work. A tool that holds a processing tool and has a movable portion that is provided so as to be movable with respect to the mounting portion, and a conversion unit that causes the movable portion to perform a predetermined motion by utilizing the rotational force transmitted from the mounting portion. holder. 6. The tool holder according to claim 5, wherein the converting means is a cam mechanism that reciprocates the movable portion in a rotation axis direction of the processing tool. 7. The movable part is provided so that the rotation from the mounting part is transmitted and is movable in the rotational axis direction of the processing tool with respect to the mounting part. The non-rotating part which is connected to a portion and holds the mounting part rotatably is further included, and the cam mechanism is provided between the non-rotating part and the movable part. Tool holder. 8. The tool holder according to claim 5, wherein the drive motor is an air motor driven by compressed air supplied through a conduit formed inside the spindle and the mounting portion. . 9. A main shaft, and drive means for driving the main shaft,
A machine tool body including at least one control axis that changes the relative position between the spindle and the work, a control device that drives and controls the drive means and the control axis according to a machining program, and is attached to or detached from the spindle of the machine tool body. A tool that is mounted so that the tool can be mounted on the spindle, a processing tool that processes a workpiece, a drive motor that rotates the processing tool, and a tool that is transmitted from the mounting section. Machine tool having a converting means for causing the processing tool to make a predetermined motion by utilizing a rotating force. 10. The conversion means is a cam mechanism that reciprocates the processing tool in the direction of the rotation axis of the processing tool.
Machine tool described in. 11. The main shaft has therein a conduit for supplying compressed air to the tool, and the drive motor is provided with compressed air supplied through a conduit formed inside the mounting portion. The machine tool according to claim 9 or 10, which is an air motor driven by. 12. A mounting part detachably mounted on a spindle of a machine tool, a processing tool for processing a work, and a drive motor for rotating the processing tool by utilizing a rotational force transmitted from the mounting part. A tool having a cam mechanism that reciprocates the processing tool in the direction of the rotation axis of the processing tool, is mounted on the spindle of the machine tool, drives the spindle and the drive motor, and rotates the processing tool to a workpiece. A machining method in which the machining tool is reciprocally moved while making a hole in the workpiece. 13. The machining method according to claim 12, wherein the speed of the reciprocating motion of the rotating machining tool is controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the main shaft.