JP2003069282A - Specified electromagnetic wave transmitting plate - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a specified electromagnetic wave transmitting plate capable of shielding or transmitting electromagnetic waves of specified frequencies and suppressing incident heat rays. SOLUTION: The specified electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 10 comprises a transparent conductive film 16 formed by providing apertures 14 on a glass 12. The apertures 14 are linear slits. A plurality of apertures 14 each having the same shape and size are provided on the film 16 so as to be arranged in upper and lower rows at prescribed intervals. In this way, since the linear apertures 14 are provided on the film 16, the plate 10 functions as a slot antenna to transmit electromagnetic waves of specified frequencies. Also, since the plate 10 reflects heat rays by the film 16, the plate 10 functions as a heat ray reflecting glass or a low radiation glass.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate, and more particularly to a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate used in buildings and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the spread of wireless communication devices such as mobile phones and wireless LANs, communication security and measures against radio wave interference have been provided between the interior and exterior of buildings and rooms partitioned by walls and the like. From the viewpoint, it is required to transmit only electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency and shield electromagnetic waves of other frequencies.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-196288 discloses that
An electromagnetic shield structure is disclosed in which a linear antenna element having a predetermined shape is formed on glass by a predetermined arrangement method. Further, JP-A-11-163585 discloses an electromagnetic wave control plate having a plurality of loop antenna elements arranged on glass.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned prior art, since a large number of antennas made of metal or the like are formed on glass, transparency is impaired and there is a problem in terms of design. There was a problem that was limited.

In addition, heat ray reflective glass or low radiation glass, which reduces the incidence of heat rays by coating a transparent conductive film on glass, uses electromagnetic waves reflected by the transparent conductive film, so that a mobile phone or the like is used. It is difficult and it is not possible to combine these with the above-mentioned conventional techniques. In other words, it is difficult to both transmit or shield electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency and suppress the incidence of heat rays,
There was a problem.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate capable of transmitting or shielding an electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency and suppressing the incidence of heat rays. The purpose is to

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate which transmits an electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency, and which transmits at least the electromagnetic wave of the specific frequency. Is provided in the transparent conductive film, and the transparent conductive film is provided on a predetermined substrate.

The specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate transmits an electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency, and a transparent conductive film is provided on the substrate. This transparent conductive film has a predetermined surface resistance value,
Although it reflects electromagnetic waves, it is provided with an opening of a predetermined shape so as to transmit electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency.
Only electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency can be transmitted and electromagnetic waves of other frequencies can be reflected.

The transparent conductive film reflects, for example, heat rays, that is, electromagnetic waves in the infrared region. Further, as the substrate, glass can be used as described in claim 3. In this case, since the transparent conductive film has only openings, it is possible to transmit only electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency without deteriorating the light transmittance, and
It can block heat.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the transparent conductive film has a plurality of types of openings having the same shape and different sizes.

For example, when the shape of the opening is a linear slit, it functions as a slit antenna, and the specific frequency is
Depends on the length of the slit. Therefore, by having a plurality of types of openings having the same shape and different sizes, electromagnetic waves of a plurality of types of frequencies can be transmitted.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the predetermined shape is
It is characterized in that it has a shape protruding in a plurality of directions or a frame shape.

According to the present invention, since the shape of the opening is a shape protruding in a plurality of directions or a frame shape, electromagnetic waves of various polarization planes can be transmitted.

The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that a plurality of the substrates are provided, and the transparent conductive film is formed between the plurality of substrates.

According to the present invention, since the transparent conductive film is formed between the plurality of substrates, it is possible to protect the transparent conductive film from wind and rain and prevent performance deterioration.

The invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that the plurality of substrates are adhered by an adhesive having a refractive index substantially the same as that of the transparent conductive film.

According to the present invention, since the plurality of substrates are adhered to each other with the adhesive having the same refractive index as the transparent conductive film, it is possible to prevent the openings from being conspicuous.

The invention according to claim 8 further comprises an antenna plate on which a linear dipole antenna is formed, and in a plane including the substrate and the antenna plate, the longitudinal direction of the dipole antenna is the opening in advance. It is characterized in that it intersects with the defined direction at a predetermined angle.

According to the present invention, since the longitudinal direction of the dipole antenna intersects the longitudinal direction of the linear aperture, for example, at a predetermined angle, the transmitted electromagnetic wave can be circularly polarized. Therefore, the transmitted electromagnetic wave can be received regardless of the orientation of the antenna of the device that receives the electromagnetic wave.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION (First Embodiment) A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 10 according to this embodiment. The specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate 10 has a configuration in which a transparent conductive film 16 having an opening 14 is formed in a glass 12 as a substrate.

The transparent conductive film 16 has a predetermined resistance value,
For example, tin oxide, titanium nitride, titanium oxide, ITO (In
Din Tin Oxide) film etc. by sputtering method, C
VD (Chemical Vapor deposit)
Ion) method, vapor deposition method, or the like, and a film may be formed on the glass 12, or a transparent conductive film may be attached to the glass 12. Further, the transparent conductive film 16 may be any one of colorless and transparent, colored and transparent, and semi-transparent as long as it has optical transparency.

As shown in FIG. 1, the opening 14 is a linear slit having a predetermined length (for example, 1500 mm) × a predetermined width (for example, 10 mm). The transparent conductive film 16 is provided with a plurality of openings 14 having the same shape and the same size, which are vertically arranged in two rows at predetermined intervals.

Since the linear opening 14 is provided in the transparent conductive film 16 as described above, the specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate 10 is
It functions as a so-called slot antenna (slit antenna) and can transmit electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency. The length of the opening 14 is set to, for example, ½ of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave having the specific frequency, but is not limited to this. For example, it may be shorter than this depending on the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the substrate.

The specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 10 is made of glass 1.
Since the transparent conductive film 16 is formed on the surface of No. 2, it also functions as so-called heat ray reflection glass or low radiation glass that shields heat by reflecting heat rays, that is, electromagnetic waves in the infrared region.

Here, the ordinary heat ray-reflecting glass is a semitransparent transparent conductive film such as a corrosion resistant alloy having a sheet resistance value (resistance value per unit area) of, for example, about several hundred Ω / □ on the entire surface of the glass. It has a high reflectance in the wavelength range of solar radiation and can suppress the heat load due to solar radiation. Titanium, chromium, tin or the like is used as the material of the transparent conductive film, and is formed on the glass surface by a solution spray method at high temperature or a magnetron sputtering method.

Ordinary low-emission glass has a translucent transparent conductive film such as a corrosion-resistant alloy having a sheet resistance of several Ω to several tens Ω / □ formed on the entire surface of the glass. In addition, the reflectance is high in the wavelength range of room temperature heat radiation, and the heat insulation performance can be enhanced. As the material of the transparent conductive film, when it is formed on the glass surface by magnetron sputtering, a composite film containing silver is used, and when it is CVD, fluorine-doped tin oxide is used.

In these ordinary heat ray-reflecting glasses and low-emission glasses, electromagnetic waves are easily reflected by the transparent conductive film. That is, it has a function of shielding electromagnetic waves.

On the other hand, the specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 10 is provided with the opening 14 in the transparent conductive film 16 and functions as a slot antenna. Therefore, only the electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency (for example, a frequency used in a mobile phone) is transmitted. Can be transmitted and other electromagnetic waves (frequency used in wireless LAN, etc.) can be shielded.

Therefore, it is possible to improve the security of the wireless communication performed inside the building, and it becomes possible to communicate with the outside in a specific case such as a mobile phone, thereby improving the convenience. .

Since the slot antenna having the opening 14 allows electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency to pass therethrough,
The transparency of light is not deteriorated, the transparency can be maintained, and the glass can function as heat-reflecting glass or low-emission glass.

As described above, the specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 10 is capable of transmitting an electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency and reflecting other electromagnetic waves, and is made to function as a heat ray reflecting glass or a low radiation glass without impairing transparency. be able to.

In this embodiment, the case where glass is used as the substrate has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and plastic may be used. Further, concrete, gypsum board, wood, ceramics or the like may be used, and similarly, a non-translucent conductor may be used instead of the transparent conductive film. In this case, it is not necessary to consider the heat-shielding property and the like, because they do not have light transmission properties.

(Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, a specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate using a plurality of glasses will be described. The same parts as those in the above embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 2 shows a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 20 according to this embodiment. The specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate 20 has a configuration in which the glass 12 </ b> A and the glass 12 </ b> B on which the transparent conductive film 16 is formed and the adhesive 22 are attached to each other.

As described above, the transparent conductive film 16 can be prevented from deteriorating due to wind, rain, abrasion or the like by having the structure in which the transparent conductive film 16 is sandwiched between the laminated glass composed of the glasses 12A and 12B.

The adhesive 22 is preferably highly transparent and has a refractive index substantially equal to that of the glasses 12A and 12B. For example, PVB (polyvinyl chloride) can be used.

When the opening 14 is formed by scraping off the transparent conductive film 16 with a sand blaster or the like, the scraped portion may become frosted glass and the opening 14 may be conspicuous. The transparent conductive film 16 is sandwiched between
Can be made inconspicuous, and a good appearance can be obtained. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the opening 14 may be made inconspicuous by making the edge of the opening 14 tapered.

In the specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 20, as shown in FIG. 4, the electromagnetic wave 24 having a specific frequency (for example, 1.9 GHz) is transmitted and the frequency different from the specific frequency (for example, 5.2 GHz, 60 GHz, etc.). The electromagnetic wave 26 and the heat ray 30 are reflected, and the heat shielding property is provided.

When the specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 20 is used on the outer wall of a building, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, only specific broadcast radio waves (for example, UHF waves) are transmitted and broadcast radio waves on the outer wall of the building are transmitted. Since it is possible to suppress the reflection of light, it is possible to prevent a ghost.

Although the transparent conductive film 16 is provided with the opening 14, the opening 14 is a linear slit.
Since the area is smaller than the area of the electrically conductive portion, the decrease in heat shielding property due to this is extremely small, and there is no particular problem.

The present invention is applicable not only to laminated glass but also to paired glass and composite glass.

In the above embodiment, the case where the opening 14 is linear has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the shape of the opening 14 may be frame-shaped as shown in FIG. As a result, the area of the opening can be made as small as possible, and the heat shield performance can be improved. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the opening 14 may be a circular slit instead of a linear slit, and may function as a circular slot antenna.
The circular shape allows electromagnetic waves of various polarization planes to pass therethrough.

(Third Embodiment) Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, a specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate capable of transmitting electromagnetic waves having a plurality of specific frequencies will be described. The same parts as those in the above embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 8 shows the transparent conductive film 1 according to this embodiment.
The pattern of openings 14 provided in 6 is shown. As shown in FIG. 8, the transparent conductive film 16 is provided with openings 14A and 14B, which are linear slits having different lengths, arranged alternately. That is, slot antennas having different resonance frequencies are alternately arranged. In this case, the opening 14A and the opening 14B are arranged at a predetermined distance from each other so that they do not affect each other.

As described above, the openings 14A, 1 having different lengths are provided.
By alternately arranging 4B, electromagnetic waves of a plurality of types of frequencies can be transmitted. That is, it is possible to widen the band of the transmitted electromagnetic waves. Also, a plurality of openings 14A and 14B having different lengths may be alternately arranged. Further, three or more kinds of openings having different lengths may be alternately arranged.

Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate having an opening 14A and a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate having an opening 14B having a length different from that of the opening 14A may be arranged side by side, As shown in FIG. 10, the shape of the opening 14A may be a convex shape with partially different widths, and as shown in FIG. 11, it is not a linear or rectangular opening,
The openings may be partially different in width. As a result, it is possible to transmit electromagnetic waves having a plurality of types of frequencies.

Further, as shown in FIG. 12 (A), a cross-shaped opening may be used, as shown in FIG. 12 (B), an inverted Y-shaped opening may be used, and as shown in FIG. It may be a shaped opening. With such a shape,
Electromagnetic waves of various polarization planes can be transmitted.

(Fourth Embodiment) Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, a mode in which a specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate and a dipole antenna are combined will be described. The same parts as those in the above embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

13 and 14 show a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 40 according to this embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate 40 is the same as the specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate 10 described in the first embodiment, but is not limited to the dipole antenna plate 42.
It is a configuration in which is bonded.

The dipole antenna plate 42 is made of glass 44.
This is a configuration in which a linear antenna (dipole) 46 is formed. The substrate is not limited to glass and may be plastic or the like as long as it has a light transmitting property.

The linear antenna 46 intersects the opening 14 at a predetermined angle in the plane including the specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate 40 (a so-called Adachi-Ito combination). As shown in FIG. 15A, the specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate 40 shown in FIG. 13 has one linear antenna 46 crossing over a plurality of openings 14, and the specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate 40 shown in FIG. , One linear antenna 46 intersects with one opening 14, as shown in FIG.

In this way, the linear antenna 46 is opened in the opening 14
By crossing at a predetermined angle with, it is possible to make the transmitted electromagnetic waves circularly polarized waves. For example, when the frequency of the transmitted electromagnetic waves is the frequency used in mobile phones,
It is possible to receive the signal regardless of the angle of the antenna of the mobile phone, which improves convenience. In this configuration, the dipole length, that is, the length of the linear antenna 46, the linear antenna 4
Circularly polarized waves can be obtained with a structure of slot excitation and dipole non-excitation by adjusting the distance between 6 and the slot, that is, the opening 14, and the predetermined angle.

13 and 14, the directions of all the linear antennas 46 are the same, that is, the predetermined angles are the same, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the directions of the respective linear antennas 46 may be different. Good.

(Examples) Next, examples of the present invention will be described.

As shown in FIG. 16, five linear openings 1
FIG. 17 shows the results of simulation of transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics when the transparent conductive film 16 provided with No. 4 was formed on glass.

The size of the opening 14 is 1500 m in length.
The transparent conductive film 16 has a sheet resistance value of 1
It is a 5 Ω / □ tin oxide film.

The solid line S11 shown in FIG. 17 shows the reflection characteristic, and the dotted line S21 shows the transmission characteristic. As shown in FIG. 17, about 80
It can be seen that the attenuation of electromagnetic waves near MHz is small, that is, the reflectance is low and the transmittance is high.

Next, as shown in FIG. 18, a simulation result of transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics when a transparent conductive film 16 having nine linear openings 14 is formed on glass is shown. 19 shows.

The size of the opening 14 is 1500 mm in length and 6 mm in width similarly to the above, and the transparent conductive film 16 is used.
Is a tin oxide film having a sheet resistance value of 15Ω / □.

As shown in FIG. 19, it can be seen that the amount of attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the vicinity of about 100 MHz is smaller than that in FIG. 17, and the transmittance is high. That is, the transmittance can be further increased by increasing the number of the openings 14.

Next, as shown in FIG. 20, a simulation result of transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics when a transparent conductive film 16 having eight linear openings 14 is formed on glass is shown. 21.

The size of the opening 14 is 1500 in length.
mm, width 6 mm, and the opening 14 at both ends is 1 /
The width was 2 (3 mm). The transparent conductive film 16 is a tin oxide film having a sheet resistance value of 15Ω / □. As shown in FIG.
It can be seen that the attenuation of the electromagnetic wave around 70 MHz is small and the transmittance is high.

Further, in FIG. 22, similarly to FIG. 20, a simulation of transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics when the transparent conductive film 16 having eight linear openings 14 is formed on glass was performed. The results are shown.

The size of the opening 14 is 1500 in length.
mm, width 10 mm, 1 for the openings 14 at both ends
The width was set to / 2 (5 mm). The transparent conductive film 16 is a tin oxide film having a sheet resistance value of 15Ω / □. As shown in FIG. 22, it can be seen that the amount of attenuation of electromagnetic waves near 90 MHz is smaller than that in the case of FIG. 21, and the transmittance is high.

Further, in FIG. 23, similarly to FIG. 20, a simulation of transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics when a transparent conductive film 16 having eight linear openings 14 is formed on glass was performed. The results are shown.

The size of the opening 14 is 1500 in length.
mm, width 20 mm, 1 for the openings 14 at both ends
The width was set to / 2 (10 mm). The transparent conductive film 16 is a tin oxide film having a sheet resistance value of 15Ω / □. As shown in FIG. 23, it can be seen that the amount of attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the vicinity of about 110 MHz is small and the transmittance is high as compared with the case of FIG.

As described above, the transmittance can be increased by increasing the width of the opening 14.

[0069]

As described above, according to the present invention,
It has an effect that electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency can be transmitted or shielded and the incidence of heat rays can be suppressed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate using laminated glass.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate using laminated glass.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves and reflection of heat rays.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining transmission of electromagnetic waves and reflection of heat rays.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a transparent conductive film having a frame-shaped opening.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a transparent conductive film having a circular opening.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a transparent conductive film in which linear openings having different lengths are alternately arranged.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a plurality of transparent conductive films having linear openings each having a different length.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of a transparent conductive film having a convex opening.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a transparent conductive film having openings of different widths in each part.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a pattern of openings.

FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of a specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate including a dipole antenna plate.

FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another example of a specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate including a dipole antenna plate.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between dipoles and openings.

FIG. 16 is a plan view of a transparent conductive film according to an example.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics.

FIG. 18 is a plan view of a transparent conductive film according to an example.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics.

FIG. 20 is a plan view of a transparent conductive film according to an example.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics.

[Explanation of symbols]

10, 20, 40 Specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate 12 glass (substrate) 14 openings 16 Transparent conductive film 20 Specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate 22 Adhesive 42 Dipole antenna plate (antenna plate) 44 glass 46 wire antenna (dipole antenna)

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) E04B 1/92 E04B 1/92 5J020 H01Q 17/00 H01Q 17/00 (71) Applicant 000003067 TDK stock Company 1-13-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Kenichi Haragawa 1-5-5 Otsuka, Inzai City, Chiba Prefecture Incorporated Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute (72) Kenji Kageyama Otsuka, Inzai City, Chiba Prefecture 1-chome 1-5 Incorporated Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Motoyasu Togashi 11-11-11 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo Nippon Sheet Glass Environmental Amenity Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Michihiro Masakage Osaka, Osaka 3-5-11 Doshomachi, Chuo-ku, Japan Within Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yasuo Hashimoto 1-1-13, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo TDK Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Takashina 1-13-1, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo F-Term inside TDC Corporation (reference) 2E001 DH01 GA06 GA18 HA03 HA04 HA11 HA14 HC01 HD11 JB00 4F100 AA21 AA28 AA33 AG00B AR00A AT00B BA02 EH66 EH662 GB41 JD01A JD07 JD07A JD08 JD08A JN01A JN06A 4G059 AA01 AB05 AC06 AC11 AC30 EA02 EA02 EA03 EA04 EA12 EB02 4G061 AA21 BB07 AGH 21A05 BB07 ABB BB BB ABB BB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB BB ABB EA07 EA10

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A specific electromagnetic wave transmitting plate which transmits an electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency, wherein an opening of a predetermined shape is formed in the transparent conductive film so as to transmit at least the electromagnetic wave of the specific frequency, and the transparent conductive film is formed. A specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate, which is provided on a predetermined substrate. 2. The specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate according to claim 1, wherein the transparent conductive film reflects heat rays. 3. The specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is glass. 4. The specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate according to claim 1, wherein the transparent conductive film has a plurality of types of openings having the same shape and different sizes. 5. The specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined shape is a shape protruding in a plurality of directions or a frame shape. 6. A plurality of the substrates are provided, and the transparent conductive film is formed between the plurality of substrates.
The specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate according to any one of items 1 to 5. 7. The specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of substrates are adhered by an adhesive having a refractive index substantially the same as that of the transparent conductive film. 8. An antenna plate formed with a linear dipole antenna is further provided, and in a plane including the substrate and the antenna plate, a longitudinal direction of the dipole antenna is at a predetermined angle with a predetermined direction of the opening. 8. The crossing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein
The specific electromagnetic wave transmission plate according to the item.