JP4725885B2 - Dipole element, conductor wire and radio wave filter using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a dipole element, a conductor wire using the same, and a radio wave filter, and more particularly to an electrically transparent dipole element, a conductor wire using the dipole element, and a radio wave filter.

  Conventionally, an electrically transparent antenna element is known (Non-Patent Document 1). This antenna element includes two monopole elements and a varactor diode. The two monopole elements are arranged in a straight line in series, and the varactor diode is loaded between the two monopole elements.

The varactor diode is set to a reactance value that makes the integral value of the current values on the two monopole elements substantially zero.
Junichi Iigusa and Takashi Ohira, “Reconfigurable ESPAR Antenna that makes Parasite Elements Electronically Transparent by Reactance Control”, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, IEICE Technical Report, AP2002-122 (2003-1).

  However, the conventional electrically transparent antenna element requires a varactor diode as a chip component, and there is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the cost. In addition, it is necessary to mount the varactor diode on the antenna element, which makes it difficult to simplify the manufacturing process.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide an electrically transparent dipole element that does not require a chip component.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a conductor wire including an electrically transparent dipole element that does not require a chip component.

  Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a radio wave filter including an electrically transparent dipole element that does not require a chip component.

  According to the present invention, the dipole element includes first and second monopole elements and a distributed constant line. The first and second monopole elements are arranged in a straight line. The distributed constant line is connected between the first and second monopole elements, and sets the integral value of the current on the first and second monopole elements to substantially zero.

  Preferably, the distributed constant line is disposed substantially parallel to the first and second monopole elements.

  Preferably, the distributed constant line is disposed in the first and second monopole elements.

  Preferably, the distributed constant line is disposed substantially perpendicular to the first and second monopole elements.

  Preferably, the total length of the distributed constant line is approximately half the wavelength of the incoming radio wave.

  According to the present invention, the conductor wire includes a plurality of dipole elements. The plurality of dipole elements are connected in series. Each of the plurality of dipole elements includes the dipole element according to any one of claims 1 to 5. Further, in a plurality of dipole elements connected in series, two adjacent dipole elements are connected by a stub line having a length of approximately half a wavelength of an incoming radio wave.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, the radio wave filter includes a plurality of conductor wires. The plurality of conductor lines are arranged substantially in parallel. Each of the plurality of conductor lines includes a plurality of dipole elements connected linearly in series. Each of the plurality of dipole elements includes the dipole element according to any one of claims 1 to 5. Further, in a plurality of dipole elements connected in series, two adjacent dipole elements are connected by a stub line having a length of approximately half a wavelength of an incoming radio wave.

  In the dipole element according to the present invention, when a radio wave arrives, the distributed constant line cancels the current on the first monopole element by the current on the second monopole element. That is, the distributed constant line sets the integral value of the current on the first and second monopole elements to substantially zero.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, the dipole element can be made electrically transparent without using a chip component.

  The conductor wire according to the present invention is manufactured by connecting a plurality of electrically transparent dipole elements.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, the conductor wire can be made electrically transparent.

  Furthermore, the radio wave filter according to the present invention is manufactured by arranging a plurality of electrically transparent conductor wires.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, the radio wave filter can transmit only radio waves having a predetermined frequency.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dipole element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. A dipole element 10 according to the first embodiment includes monopole elements 1 and 2 and a distributed constant line 3.

  The monopole element 1 has a notch 11 in the length direction DR1 from one end 1A. As a result, the monopole element 1 has narrow portions 12 and 13 on both sides of the notch portion 11. The monopole element 2 has a notch 21 in the length direction DR1 from one end 2A. As a result, the monopole element 2 has narrow portions 22 and 23 on both sides of the notch portion 21.

  The monopole elements 1 and 2 are linearly arranged with a predetermined interval d1 so that the one ends 1A and 2A face each other. Each of the monopole elements 1 and 2 is made of a copper foil formed on the printed circuit board 4. In this case, the predetermined interval d1 is set to 5 mm, for example. When the wavelength of the radio wave arriving at the dipole element 10 is λ, the distance L1 between the other end 1B of the monopole element 1 and the other end 2B of the monopole element 2 is set to 0.5λ = 270 mm, for example. . Furthermore, each of the monopole elements 1 and 2 has a width W1 of 18 mm, for example.

  The distributed constant line 3 includes lines 31 to 37. Each of the lines 31 to 37 is made of a copper foil formed on the printed circuit board 4. The line 31 has one end connected to one end of the narrow portion 12 of the monopole element 1 and the other end connected to one end of the line 34. The line 32 has one end connected to a substantially midpoint of the line 34 and the other end connected to a substantially midpoint of the line 37. The line 33 has one end connected to one end of the narrow portion 13 of the monopole element 1 and the other end connected to the other end of the line 34.

  The line 35 has one end connected to one end of the narrow portion 22 of the monopole element 2 and the other end connected to one end of the line 37. The line 36 has one end connected to one end of the narrow portion 23 of the monopole element 2 and the other end connected to the other end of the line 37.

  As a result, the lines 31 to 37 are integrally connected to form a distributed constant line 3 having a schematic shape in which two “E” characters face each other and extend in the length direction DR1.

  The distributed constant line 3 is disposed at the notch 11 of the monopole element 1 and the notch 21 of the monopole element 2 and is connected to one end 1A of the monopole element 1 and one end 2A of the monopole element 2. The

  That is, the distributed constant line 3 is connected between the monopole elements 1 and 2 and is disposed in the monopole elements 1 and 2.

  In the distributed constant line 3, each of the lines 31, 33, 35, and 36 has a length L2, and the line 32 has a length of 2 × L2. The length L2 is set to 0.125λ = 75 mm, for example. As a result, the total length of the distributed constant line 3 (from one end of the narrow portion 12 to one end of the narrow portion 23 or from one end of the narrow portion 13 to one end of the narrow portion 22) is 0.5λ. And is approximately equal to the sum of the total length of the monopole element 1 and the total length of the monopole element 2.

  When the dipole element 10 is manufactured, a copper foil is attached to the entire surface of one main surface of the printed circuit board 4, and a predetermined area is deleted, and the distributed constants arranged in the monopoles 1 and 2 and the notches 11 and 21 Line 3 is formed.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part PA of the dipole element 10 shown in FIG. Each of the narrow portions 12 and 13 has a width of 3.5 mm, and each of the lines 31 to 33 has a width of 1 mm. The interval between the narrow portion 12 and the line 31, the interval between the lines 31, 32, the interval between the lines 32, 33, and the interval between the line 33 and the narrow portion 13 are all the same and 2 mm.

  An enlarged view of a part PB of the dipole element 10 shown in FIG. 1 is the same as the enlarged view shown in FIG.

  3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III shown in FIG. The narrow width portions 12 and 13 and the lines 31 to 33 are formed on one main surface 4A of the printed circuit board 4 with the above-described width and interval.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of Experiment I. The feeding dipole 20 is arranged along the z axis so that the feeding unit 20A coincides with the origin O of the xyz coordinates, and the dipole element 10 shown in FIG. 1 is z-axis away from the origin O in the x-axis direction by d2. Arrange along.

  The feed dipole 20 can be expanded and contracted in the z-axis direction, and the matching frequency can be adjusted by expansion and contraction in the z-axis direction. In Experiment I, the feed dipole 20 was expanded and contracted so that the matching frequency was 500 MHz. Further, in Experiment I, the power supply connector 30 was connected to the power supply unit 20A of the power supply dipole 20 from the y-axis direction. Then, the alignment adjustment slide 40 was slid in the y-axis direction, and the impedance of the power supply connector 30 was set to 50Ω.

  In Experiment I, the azimuth angle φ was defined as the rotation angle from the x axis to the y axis in the xy plane.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the input impedance measured in Experiment I shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the vertical axis represents the imaginary part of the input impedance, and the horizontal axis represents the real part of the input impedance.

  The characteristic indicated by “line” indicates the input impedance of the dipole element 10, and the characteristic indicated by “short” indicates an input when the two monopole elements 1 and 2 are short-circuited in the dipole element 10. The characteristic indicated by “short (tape)” indicates the impedance when the distributed constant line 3 of the dipole element 10 is covered with copper tape, and the characteristic indicated by “open” indicates the distributed constant. The input impedance when the line 3 is deleted and the center portion of the dipole element 10 is opened is shown, and the characteristic displayed as “dipole alone” shows the input impedance when the feeding dipole 20 is installed alone.

  In the measurement of the input impedance shown in FIG. 5, the distance d2 between the dipole element 10 and the feed dipole 20 was set to 15 cm.

  The input impedance of the dipole element 10 is higher than the input impedance when the center of the dipole element 10 is opened (“open”) and when the two monopole elements 1 and 2 are short-circuited (“short”). Even if the distributed constant line 3 is disposed between the monopole elements 1 and 2, the influence on the input impedance is small, which is close to the input impedance when the dipole 20 is disposed alone.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the H-plane directivity measured in Experiment I shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, the vertical axis represents the gain, and the horizontal axis represents the azimuth angle φ. Further, the notations “line”, “short”, “open”, and “dipole alone” have the same meaning as the notations in FIG.

  In the gain measurement shown in FIG. 6, the distance d2 between the dipole element 10 and the feed dipole 20 was set to 15 cm.

  From the results shown in FIG. 6, the gain of the dipole element 10 is closer to the gain when the feed dipole 20 is installed alone than the gain when the central portion of the dipole element 10 is opened. Therefore, it was confirmed that the dipole 10 is electrically transparent.

  Here, “electrically transparent” means that the dipole element 10 is physically present, but electrically passes radio waves as it is.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of Experiment II. In Experiment II, as shown in Experiment I, the dipole element 10, the power supply dipole 20, and the power supply connector 30 are arranged. Then, the network analyzer 50 is connected to the power supply connector 30 and the magnetic field probe 60.

  The magnetic field probe 60 is brought into contact with the conductor (copper foil) so that the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the dipole element 10 and is moved in the length direction DR1 of the dipole element 10. The network analyzer 50 inputs a 500 MHz RF signal to the power supply dipole 20 through the power supply connector 30 and measures the output of the magnetic field probe 60.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the current distribution measured in Experiment II shown in FIG. 8A and 8B show the amplitude and phase of the current distribution when the magnetic field probe 60 is moved in the longitudinal direction DR1 along the edge of the dipole element 10, respectively. 8C and 8D show the amplitude and phase of the current distribution when the magnetic field probe 60 is moved in the length direction DR1 along the arrows A and B shown in FIG.

  8A and 8C, the vertical axis represents the amplitude of the current distribution, and the horizontal axis represents the position in the z-axis direction. 8B and 8D, the vertical axis represents the phase of the current distribution, and the horizontal axis represents the position in the z-axis direction.

  The notations “short”, “open”, and “line” in FIGS. 8A and 8B have the same meanings as those in FIG. In the measurement of the current distribution shown in FIG. 8, the distance d2 between the dipole element 10 and the feed dipole 20 was set to 15 cm.

  From the results shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the dipole element 10 has a smaller current amplitude than the case where the central portion of the dipole element 10 is opened, and the direction of the current is reversed in the middle. . Therefore, the operation of electrical transparency in the dipole element 10 was confirmed.

  Further, from the results shown in (c) and (d) of FIG. 8, in the measurement along the arrows A and B shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic field probe 60 is brought into contact with the copper foil surface constituting the distributed constant line 3. Since the current was measured, the current level drop was about 3 dB as compared with the case where the magnetic field probe 60 was moved along the edge of the dipole element 10 (FIGS. 8A and 8B). Therefore, it was found that a current about 100 times stronger than that of the monopole elements 1 and 2 flows in the distributed constant line 3.

  However, since the phase of the current is 180 degrees between the lines 31 and 35 along the arrow A and the line 32 along the arrow B, the current flowing through the lines 31 and 35 cancels out with the current flowing through the line 32. ing. From this current distribution, it was found that the central portion of the dipole element 10 was almost open, and the distributed constant line 3 was operating as a reactor.

  As described above, in the dipole element 10, since the direction of the current flowing in the length direction DR1 is reversed halfway, the distributed constant line 3 makes the current flowing in each of the monopole elements 1 and 2 zero. Instead, the integrated value of the current flowing through the two monopole elements 1 and 2 is made zero. Thereby, the dipole element 10 has a vector effective length of substantially zero and becomes electrically transparent.

  According to the first embodiment, the dipole element 10 is connected between the two monopole elements 1 and 2 and the two monopole elements 1 and 2, and the integrated value of the current on the two monopole elements 1 and 2. Since the distributed constant line 3 is set to substantially zero, the dipole element 10 can be made electrically transparent without using a reactor.

[Embodiment 2]
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a dipole element according to the second embodiment. The dipole element 10 </ b> A includes monopole elements 101 and 102 and a distributed constant line 103. Each of the monopole elements 101 and 102 is made of a copper foil. The monopole element 101 is linearly arranged with a predetermined interval d1 so that one end 101A thereof faces the one end 102A of the monopole element 102. As a result, the distance between the other end 101B of the monopole element 101 and the other end 102B of the monopole element 102 is the distance L1 described above.

  The distributed constant line 103 includes lines 1031 to 1033. The line 1031 has one end connected to one end 101 A of the monopole element 101 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1032.

  The line 1032 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1031 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1033. Line 1033 has one end connected to the other end of line 1032 and the other end connected to one end 102 A of monopole element 102.

  Thus, the distributed constant line 103 is connected between one end 101A of the monopole element 101 and one end 102A of the monopole element 102, and is disposed on the right side of the monopole elements 101 and 102. That is, the distributed constant line 103 is connected between the two monopole elements 101 and 102 and is disposed so as to extend to one side of the monopole elements 101 and 102.

  The length L3 of each of the lines 1031 and 1033 is set to 0.25λ, for example. As a result, the total length of the distributed constant line 103 is set to 0.5λ. This 0.5λ is substantially equal to the sum of the total length of the monopole element 101 and the total length of the monopole element 102.

  Therefore, in the dipole element 10A, the total length of the distributed constant line 103 is substantially equal to the sum of the total length of the monopole element 101 and the total length of the monopole element 102.

  In the dipole element 10A, the distributed constant line 103 has two lines 1031 and 1033 having the same length so that the total length thereof is 0.5λ. Therefore, the integrated value of the current flowing through the entire monopole elements 101 and 102 Is set to substantially zero.

  Therefore, the dipole element 10A becomes electrically transparent.

  In the dipole element 10A, a switch is provided in the region REG of the distributed constant line 103, and the switch is turned on / off to switch the dipole element 10A between an electrically transparent state and a non-electrically transparent state. Good.

  According to the second embodiment, the dipole element 10A is connected between the two monopole elements 101 and 102 and the two monopole elements 101 and 102, and the integrated value of the currents on the two monopole elements 101 and 102 Since the distributed constant line 103 is set to substantially zero, the dipole element 10A can be made electrically transparent without using a reactor.

  In the above description, the distributed constant line 103 extends to the right side of the monopole elements 101 and 102. However, in the present invention, the present invention is not limited to this, and the distributed constant line 103 includes the monopole elements 101 and 102. The distributed constant line 103 may be extended to one side of the monopole elements 101 and 102 in general.

[Embodiment 3]
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a dipole element according to the third embodiment. The dipole element 10B according to the third embodiment is the same as the dipole element 10A except that the distributed constant line 103 of the dipole element 10A shown in FIG. 9 is replaced with the distributed constant line 104.

  The distributed constant line 104 includes lines 1041 to 1046. The lines 1041, 1043, 1044, and 1046 are disposed substantially perpendicular to the monopole elements 101 and 102. The line 1041 has one end connected to one end 101 A of the monopole element 101 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1042. The line 1042 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1041 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1043. The line 1043 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1042 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1044.

  The line 1044 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1043 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1045. The line 1045 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1044 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1046. Line 1046 has one end connected to the other end of line 1045 and the other end connected to one end 102 </ b> A of monopole element 102.

  Thus, the distributed constant line 104 is connected between one end 101A of the monopole element 101 and one end 102A of the monopole element 102, and is disposed on both sides of the monopole elements 101 and 102. That is, the distributed constant line 104 is connected between the two monopole elements 101 and 102 and is disposed so as to extend to both sides of the monopole elements 101 and 102.

  The length L4 of each of the lines 1041, 1043, 1044, and 1046 is set to 0.125λ, for example. As a result, the total length of the distributed constant line 104 is set to 0.5λ. This 0.5λ is substantially equal to the sum of the total length of the monopole element 101 and the total length of the monopole element 102.

  Therefore, in the dipole element 10B, the total length of the distributed constant line 104 is substantially equal to the sum of the total length of the monopole element 101 and the total length of the monopole element 102. In the dipole element 10B, the distributed constant line 104 is characterized by extending to both sides of the monopole elements 101 and 102 by an equal length L4.

  In the dipole element 10B, the distributed constant line 104 has an overall length of 0.5λ, and the lines 1041, 1043, 1044, and 1046 are equal in length so as to extend to both sides of the monopole elements 101 and 102 by an equal length L4. Therefore, the current flowing through the lines 1041 to 1043 cancels out with the current flowing through the lines 1044 to 1046. That is, the distributed constant line 104 sets the integral value of the current flowing through the monopole elements 101 and 102 to substantially zero.

  Therefore, the dipole element 10B becomes electrically transparent.

  According to the third embodiment, the dipole element 10B is connected between the two monopole elements 101 and 102 and the two monopole elements 101 and 102, and the integrated value of the currents on the two monopole elements 101 and 102 Since the distributed constant line 104 is set to substantially zero, the dipole element 10B can be made electrically transparent without using a reactor.

  The lines 1041 to 1043 constitute a “first distributed constant line”, and the lines 1044 to 1046 constitute a “second distributed constant line”.

  Others are the same as in the second embodiment.

[Embodiment 4]
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a dipole element according to the fourth embodiment. The dipole element 10C according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the dipole element 10A except that the distributed constant line 103 of the dipole element 10A shown in FIG. 9 is replaced with the distributed constant line 105.

  The distributed constant line 105 includes lines 1051 to 1058. The lines 1052, 1054, 1055, and 1057 are disposed substantially parallel to the monopole elements 101 and 102. Line 1051 has one end connected to one end 101 A of monopole element 101 and the other end connected to one end of line 1052. The line 1052 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1051 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1053. The line 1053 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1052 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1054.

  The line 1054 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1053 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1055. The line 1055 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1054 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1056. The line 1056 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1055 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1057. The line 1057 has one end connected to the other end of the line 1056 and the other end connected to one end of the line 1058. Line 1058 has one end connected to the other end of line 1057 and the other end connected to one end 102 </ b> A of monopole element 102.

  As a result, the distributed constant line 105 is connected between one end 101A of the monopole element 101 and one end 102A of the monopole element 102, and is substantially connected to the monopole elements 101 and 102 on the right side of the monopole elements 101 and 102. Arranged in parallel. That is, the distributed constant line 105 is connected between the two monopole elements 101 and 102 and is disposed on one side of the monopole elements 101 and 102.

  The length L5 of each of the lines 1052, 1054, 1055, and 1057 is set to 0.125λ, for example. As a result, the total length of the distributed constant line 105 is set to 0.5λ. This 0.5λ is substantially equal to the sum of the total length of the monopole element 101 and the total length of the monopole element 102. The total length of the lines 1051 to 1054 is equal to the total length of the lines 1055 to 1058 and is 0.25λ.

  Accordingly, in the dipole element 10C, the total length of the distributed constant line 105 is substantially equal to the sum of the total length of the monopole element 101 and the total length of the monopole element 102. In the dipole element 10C, the distributed constant line 105 is disposed on one side of the monopole elements 101 and 102, and is equal from one end 101A, 102A of the monopole elements 101, 102 (that is, the center point of the dipole element 10C). It is characterized by extending substantially parallel to the monopole elements 101 and 102 by a length L5.

  In the dipole element 10C, the total length of the distributed constant line 105 is 0.5λ, and the line 1052 extends along the monopole elements 101 and 102 from the center point of the dipole element 10C to both sides by an equal length L5. , 1054, 1055, 1057 have the same length L 5, the current flowing in the lines 1051 to 1054 cancels out the current flowing in the lines 1055 to 1058. That is, the distributed constant line 105 sets the integral value of the current flowing through the monopole elements 101 and 102 to substantially zero.

  Therefore, the dipole element 10C becomes electrically transparent.

  According to the fourth embodiment, the dipole element 10C is connected between the two monopole elements 101 and 102 and the two monopole elements 101 and 102, and the integrated value of the currents on the two monopole elements 101 and 102 Since the distributed constant line 105 is set to substantially zero, the dipole element 10C can be made electrically transparent without using a reactor.

  The lines 1051 to 1054 constitute a “first distributed constant line”, and the lines 1055 to 1058 constitute a “second distributed constant line”.

  In the above description, the distributed constant line 105 has been described as being disposed substantially parallel to the monopole elements 101 and 102 on the right side of the monopole elements 101 and 102. However, in the present invention, the present invention is not limited to this. The constant line 105 may be arranged on the left side of the monopole elements 101 and 102 substantially in parallel with the monopole elements 101 and 102. Generally, the distributed constant line 105 is one of the monopole elements 101 and 102. It suffices if the monopole elements 101 and 102 are arranged substantially parallel to the side.

  Others are the same as in the second embodiment.

[Application Example 1]
In the first to fourth embodiments, the electrically transparent dipole elements 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C have been described. That is, the dipole elements 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C physically exist, but do not electrically exist for radio waves having a predetermined frequency (= 500 MHz). That is, the dipole elements 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C pass radio waves having a predetermined frequency as they are.

  Therefore, in this application example 1, an electrically transparent conductor wire in which dipole elements 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C are connected in series will be described.

  12 is a schematic diagram of a conductor line using the dipole element 10A shown in FIG. The conductor line 200 includes five dipole elements 10A and four stub lines 210. The five dipole elements 10A are linearly connected in series by the four stub lines 210.

  FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a part of the conductor wire 200 shown in FIG. The stub line 210 has a substantially U-shape and includes lines 211 to 213. The line 211 has one end connected to the other end 101B of the monopole element 101 in the dipole element 10A-1 and the other end connected to one end of the line 212.

  The line 212 has one end connected to the other end of the line 211 and the other end connected to one end of the line 213. Line 213 has one end connected to the other end of line 212 and the other end connected to the other end 102B of monopole element 102 in dipole element 10A-2.

  Each of the lines 211 and 213 has a length L6. The length L6 is set to 0.25λ, for example. As a result, the total length of the stub line 210 is about 0.5λ.

  Therefore, two adjacent dipole elements 10A-1 and 10A-2 are connected by a stub line 210 having a total length of about 0.5λ. Thereby, each of dipole elements 10A-1 and 10A-2 is in a state where both ends (the other end 101B of monopole element 101 and the other end 102B of monopole element 102) are opened. That is, the conductor wire 200 has a structure in which a plurality of dipole elements 10A maintained in a single state are connected in series.

  In the conductor line 200, the width W2 of the monopole elements 101 and 102 of the diode element 10A is set to 0.00214λ, for example. In addition, a distance d3 between two adjacent dipole elements 10A-1 and 10A-2 is set to 0.0179λ, for example. Furthermore, in two adjacent dipole elements 10A-1 and 10A-2, the other end of the monopole element 102 of the other dipole element 10A-2 from the one end 101A of the monopole element 101 of one dipole element 10A-1. The distance L7 to 102B is set to 0.25λ.

  As described above, by connecting the plurality of dipole elements 10A in a straight line by the stub line 210, the conductor line 200 becomes electrically transparent.

  In the above description, it has been described that the five dipole elements 10A are linearly connected by the four stub lines 210 to produce the conductor wire 200. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the dipole element 10A and The number of stub lines 210 may be arbitrary.

  14 is a schematic diagram of a conductor line using the dipole element 10B shown in FIG. The conductor line 200 </ b> A includes five dipole elements 10 </ b> B and five stub lines 220. The five dipole elements 10B are linearly connected by five stub lines 220.

  FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a part of the conductor wire 200A shown in FIG. The stub line 220 includes lines 221 to 226. The line 221 has one end connected to the other end 101B of the monopole element 101 in the dipole element 10B-1, and the other end connected to one end of the line 222.

  The line 222 has one end connected to the other end of the line 221 and the other end connected to one end of the line 223. The line 223 has one end connected to the other end of the line 222 and the other end connected to one end of the line 224. The line 224 has one end connected to the other end of the line 223 and the other end connected to one end of the line 225. The line 225 has one end connected to the other end of the line 224 and the other end connected to one end of the line 226. The line 226 has one end connected to the other end of the line 225 and the other end connected to the other end 102B of the monopole element 102 in the dipole element 10B-2.

  Each of the lines 221, 223, 224, and 226 has a length L8. The length L8 is set to 0.125λ, for example. As a result, the total length of the stub line 220 is about 0.5λ.

  Therefore, two adjacent dipole elements 10B-1 and 10B-2 are connected by a stub line 220 having a total length of about 0.5λ. Thereby, each of dipole elements 10B-1 and 10B-2 is in a state where both ends (the other end 101B of monopole element 101 and the other end 102B of monopole element 102) are opened. That is, the conductor wire 200A has a structure in which a plurality of dipole elements 10B maintained in a single state are connected in series.

  In the conductor line 200A, the width W2 of the monopole elements 101 and 102 of the diode element 10B is set to 0.00214λ, for example. Further, a distance d3 between two adjacent dipole elements 10B-1 and 10B-2 is set to 0.0179λ, for example. Furthermore, in two adjacent dipole elements 10B-1 and 10B-2, the other end of the monopole element 102 of the other dipole element 10B-2 from the one end 101A of the monopole element 101 of one dipole element 10B-1. The distance L7 to 102B is set to 0.25λ. Further, in the distributed constant line 104, the total length L9 of the lines 1043 and 1044 is set to 0.25λ.

  As described above, by connecting the plurality of dipole elements 10B linearly by the stub line 220, the conductor line 200A becomes electrically transparent.

  In the above description, the five dipole elements 10B are linearly connected by the five stub lines 220 to produce the conductor wire 200A. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the dipole element 10B and The number of stub lines 220 may be arbitrary.

  FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a conductor line using the dipole element 10C shown in FIG. The conductor line 200B includes five dipole elements 10C and four stub lines 230. The five dipole elements 10C are linearly connected by four stub lines 230.

  FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of a part of the conductor line 200B shown in FIG. The stub line 230 includes lines 231 to 237. The line 231 has one end connected to the other end 102B of the monopole element 102 in the dipole element 10C-1 and the other end connected to one end of the line 232.

  The line 232 has one end connected to the other end of the line 231 and the other end connected to one end of the line 233. The line 233 has one end connected to the other end of the line 232 and the other end connected to one end of the line 234. The line 234 has one end connected to the other end of the line 233 and the other end connected to one end of the line 235. The line 235 has one end connected to the other end of the line 234 and the other end connected to one end of the line 236. The line 236 has one end connected to the other end of the line 235 and the other end connected to one end of the line 237. The line 237 has one end connected to one end of the line 236 and the other end connected to the other end 101B of the monopole element 101 in the dipole element 10C-2.

  The distance L10 from the line 1053 to the line 233 of the distributed constant line 105 in the dipole element 10C-2 is set to 0.25λ, for example. Each of the lines 232 and 236 has half the length of the line 234. As a result, the total length of the stub line 230 is about 0.5λ. Further, the distance L11 between the monopole element 102 and the line 234 is set to 0.0268λ, for example.

  Therefore, two adjacent dipole elements 10C-1 and 10C-2 are connected by a stub line 230 having a total length of about 0.5λ. Thereby, each of dipole elements 10C-1 and 10C-2 is in a state where both ends (the other end 101B of monopole element 101 and the other end 102B of monopole element 102) are opened. That is, the conductor line 200B has a structure in which a plurality of dipole elements 10C maintained in a single state are connected in series.

  In the conductor line 200B, the width W2 of the monopole elements 101 and 102 of the diode element 10C is set to 0.00214λ, for example. Further, a distance d3 between two adjacent dipole elements 10C-1 and 10C-2 is set to 0.0179λ, for example.

  As described above, by connecting the plurality of dipole elements 10C linearly by the stub line 230, the conductor line 200B becomes electrically transparent.

  In the above description, it has been described that the five dipole elements 10C are linearly connected by the four stub lines 230 to produce the conductor wire 200B. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the dipole element 10C and The number of stub lines 230 may be arbitrary.

  In the above description, the dipole elements 10A, 10B, and 10C are linearly connected to produce an electrically transparent conductor wire. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the dipole elements 10A, 10B, 10C may be connected in a curved line to produce an electrically transparent conductor wire.

  Alternatively, the dipole element 10 shown in FIG. 1 may be connected linearly or curvedly to produce an electrically transparent conductor wire.

  An experiment for confirming that the conductor wires 200, 200A, and 200B described above are electrically transparent will be described. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an experiment for confirming that the conductor wire 200B shown in FIG. 16 is electrically transparent. The feeding dipole 120 is disposed at a position 0.5λ from the conductor line 200B and substantially parallel to the conductor line 200B. The feed dipole 120 has a width W3 of 0.02λ and a length L12 of 0.5λ.

  The power is supplied to the power supply dipole 120, and the input impedance of the power supply dipole 120, the H plane directivity, and the current distribution flowing through the conductor wire 200B are measured.

  In addition, the number in FIG. 18 shows the position which measures the electric current distribution in the conductor wire 200B.

  Using the experimental system shown in FIG. 18, conductor wires 200 and 200A were installed instead of the conductor wire 200B, and an experiment was performed to confirm that the conductor wires 200 and 200A are electrically transparent.

  FIG. 19 is a diagram showing measurement positions of current distribution in the conductor wire 200 shown in FIG. In the experimental system shown in FIG. 18, the conductor wire 200 was installed instead of the conductor wire 200B, and the current distribution of the conductor wire 200 was measured at the position indicated by the number shown in FIG.

  Table 1 shows the input impedance when the conductor wires 200 and 200B are installed near the power feeding dipole 120.

  In Table 1, “dipole alone” indicates the case where the feeding dipole 120 is installed alone, and “type 1” indicates the case where the conductor wire 200B shown in FIG. 16 is installed near the feeding dipole 120. “type 2” indicates a case where the conductor wire 200 illustrated in FIG. 12 is installed near the power supply dipole 120, and “type open” indicates that the stub line 210 is removed from the conductor wire 200 illustrated in FIG. The case where it is installed nearby is shown.

  From the results of Table 1, the wavelength of the frequency at which the influence on the directivity of the feeding dipole 120 is the smallest in the conductor line 200B is 0.70λ, and the influence on the directivity of the feeding dipole 120 is reduced in the conductor line 200. The wavelength with the smallest frequency is 0.99λ.

  Therefore, when the conductor lines 200 and 200B are installed near the power supply dipole 120, the power supply dipole 120 is more than the case where the conductor wire of “type open” is installed near the wavelengths of 0.99λ and 0.70λ, respectively. The input impedance is close to the input impedance when installed alone.

  FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating the H-plane directivity. 20A shows a case where the wavelength of the frequency at which the influence on the directivity is minimized is 0.99λ, and FIG. 20B shows the wavelength of the frequency at which the influence on the directivity is minimized. FIG. 20C shows a comparison between the case where the conductor wire 200 is used and the case where the conductor wire 200A is used.

  In (a), (b), and (c) of FIG. 20, the vertical axis represents the gain, and the horizontal axis represents the phase angle φ. Note that “type 3” in FIG. 20C indicates a case where the conductor wire 200A shown in FIG.

  When the wavelength of the frequency at which the influence on the directivity is minimized is 0.99λ, the case where the conductor wire 200 (“type 2”) shown in FIG. 12 is installed near the feeding dipole 120 is closest to “dipole alone”. (Refer to FIG. 20A).

  Further, when the wavelength of the frequency that minimizes the influence on directivity is 0.70λ, the case where the conductor wire 200B (“type 1”) shown in FIG. 16 is installed near the feeding dipole 120 is the most “dipole alone”. (See FIG. 20B).

  Furthermore, when the conductor wire 200A shown in FIG. 14 is installed near the feed dipole 120 (“type 3”), the generation of the cross polarization component occurs when the conductor wire 200 shown in FIG. 12 is placed near the feed dipole 120 ( Stronger than “type 2”) (see FIG. 20C). This is because the current in the horizontal portion corresponding to the reactor does not cancel out.

  FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a current distribution in the conductor wire. 21A and 21B show the current distribution in the conductor line 200B shown in FIG. 16, and FIGS. 21C and 21D show the current distribution in the conductor line 200 shown in FIG.

  FIGS. 21A and 21C show the case where the wavelength of the frequency that minimizes the influence on the directivity is 0.99λ, and FIGS. 21B and 21D show the directivity. The case where the wavelength of the frequency at which the influence on the frequency is minimum is 0.70λ.

  Furthermore, in (a) to (d) of FIG. 21, the hatched area indicates the horizontal portion of the conductor line, and the area not hatched indicates the vertical portion of the conductor line. Furthermore, in (a) to (d) of FIG. 21, the vertical axis represents current and phase, and the horizontal axis represents the position on the conductor line.

  In the conductor line 200 shown in FIG. 12, the direction of the current in the vertical portion corresponding to the dipole is reversed halfway, and the operation of electrical transparency can be confirmed. Further, the current in the horizontal portion corresponding to the reactor is larger than the current in the vertical portion corresponding to the dipole, but is canceled because it is folded (see FIGS. 21C and 21D).

  In the conductor line 200B shown in FIG. 16, the current flowing through the adjacent vertical portions is small, and a large current flows through the folded portion. It has been found that the currents cancel each other out in the entire conductor wire 200B due to the folded periodic structure (see FIGS. 21A and 21B).

  As described above, the operation of canceling out currents is different between the conductor wire 200 shown in FIG. 12 and the conductor wire 200B shown in FIG. In the conductor line 200 shown in FIG. 12, since two of the periodic length = 0.25λ corresponds to a half-wave dipole, the condition for electrically transparent the conductor line 200 is satisfied at a frequency of about λ (see FIG. 12). 21 (c)).

  On the other hand, in the conductor line 200B shown in FIG. 16, the current is canceled at a frequency at which the period length of 3 times 0.25λ is the wavelength, and therefore the electrical current of the conductor line 200B is about 4/3 times the wavelength of λ. The conditions for transparency are satisfied (see FIG. 21B).

  Each of the conductor lines 200, 200A, and 200B described above is used as a feed line of an array antenna that electrically switches directivity using, for example, a varactor diode.

  FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna capable of electrically switching directivity. Array antenna 70 includes antenna elements 71 to 77, varactor diodes 81 to 86, and conductor lines 91 to 96.

  The antenna elements 71 to 76 are parasitic elements, and the antenna element 77 is a feed element. The antenna elements 71 to 76 are arranged around the antenna element 77 in a substantially circular shape at equal intervals. When the wavelength of the radio wave transmitted and received by the array antenna 70 is λ1, the distance between the antenna elements 71 to 76 that are parasitic elements and the antenna element 77 that is a feeding element is set to (λ1) / 4, for example. Is done.

  Varactor diodes 81-86 are connected between antenna elements 71-76 and ground node GND, respectively. Thereby, the varactor diodes 81 to 86 are loaded on the antenna elements 71 to 76 which are parasitic elements, respectively.

  Conductor lines 91-96 are connected to varactor diodes 81-86, respectively. And each of the conductor wires 91-96 consists of any of the conductor wires 200, 200A, and 200B mentioned above.

  Conductor lines 91-96 receive a DC voltage from a DC power supply (not shown) and apply the received DC voltage to varactor diodes 81-86, respectively. And the direct-current voltage applied to the varactor diodes 81-86 consists of 0V or -20V, for example.

  The varactor diodes 81 to 86 have a maximum capacitance and a minimum reactance value when a DC voltage of 0 V is applied. The varactor diodes 81 to 86 have a minimum capacitance and a maximum reactance value when a -20V DC voltage is applied.

  Therefore, the directivity of the array antenna 20 can be changed by controlling the DC voltage applied to the varactor diodes 81 to 86 mounted on the antenna elements 71 to 76 as parasitic elements to 0V or −20V.

  More specifically, when a DC voltage of 0V is applied to the varactor diode 81 via the conductor line 91 and a DC voltage of −20V is applied to the varactor diodes 82 to 86 via the conductor lines 92 to 96, respectively, the array antenna is obtained. 70 emits a beam in a direction from the antenna element 77 toward the antenna element 71. When a DC voltage of 0V is applied to the varactor diode 82 via the conductor wire 92 and a DC voltage of −20V is applied to the varactor diodes 81, 83 to 86 via the conductor wires 91 and 93 to 96, respectively, the array antenna is obtained. 70 emits a beam in a direction from the antenna element 77 toward the antenna element 72.

  Thus, the directivity of array antenna 70 can be changed by controlling the DC voltage applied to varactor diodes 81-86.

  And, when a DC voltage is applied to the varactor diodes 81 to 86 via the conductor lines 91 to 96, respectively, the conductor lines 91 to 96 are any of the electrically transparent conductor lines 200, 200A, 200B. The antenna elements 71 to 76 that are parasitic elements are not electrically affected.

  Therefore, if the above-described conductor wires 200, 200A, and 200B are used, the RF effect can be eliminated while the array antenna 70 is DC-conductive.

[Application 2]
FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a radio wave filter using the conductor wire 200A shown in FIG. The radio wave filter 300 includes ten conductor wires 200A. The ten conductor lines 200A are arranged substantially in parallel.

  In this case, dipole element 10B (see FIG. 10) constituting conductor line 200A is linearly connected in direction DR2.

  Then, when the vertically polarized wave arrives at the radio wave filter 300, the conductor line 200A is transmitted because it does not affect the radio wave of the frequency at which the conductor line 200A becomes transparent. Flows and shuts it off. As shown in FIG. 23, when the conductor wire 200A is used for the radio wave filter 300, as shown in FIG. When the conductor lines 200A are arranged on a plane, the cross-polarized waves are focused and strengthened at the symmetry point of the wave source by the principle of the mirror. Utilizing this, by installing a radio wave filter 300 as shown in FIG. 23 for a vertically polarized wave source, cross-polarized waves can be received at a symmetrical point.

  In the radio wave filter 300, the dipole element 10B shown in FIG. 10 is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any of the dipole elements 10, 10A, and 10C shown in FIGS. A radio wave filter may be manufactured using these, and a radio wave filter may be manufactured using two or more different dipole elements selected from the dipole elements 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C.

  And when a radio wave filter is produced using any of the dipole elements 10, 10A, 10C, or using two or more different dipole elements selected from the dipole elements 10, 10A, 10B, 10C. When the filter is manufactured, the radio wave filter transmits radio waves having a transparent frequency and blocks radio waves having other frequencies.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above description of the embodiments but by the scope of claims for patent, and is intended to include meanings equivalent to the scope of claims for patent and all modifications within the scope.

  The present invention is applied to an electrically transparent dipole element that does not require a chip component. The present invention is also applied to a conductor wire having an electrically transparent dipole element that does not require a chip component. Furthermore, the present invention is applied to a radio wave filter provided with an electrically transparent dipole element that does not require a chip component.

It is the schematic of the dipole element by Embodiment 1 of this invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of the dipole element shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III shown in FIG. 2. 2 is a schematic diagram of Experiment I. FIG. It is a figure which shows the input impedance measured in Experiment I shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the H surface directivity measured in Experiment I shown in FIG. It is the schematic of Experiment II. It is a figure which shows the electric current distribution measured in experiment II shown in FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dipole element according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dipole element according to Embodiment 3. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dipole element according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. It is the schematic of the conductor wire using the dipole element shown in FIG. FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a part of the conductor wire shown in FIG. 12. It is the schematic of the conductor wire using the dipole element shown in FIG. It is a one part enlarged view of the conductor wire shown in FIG. It is the schematic of the conductor wire using the dipole element shown in FIG. It is a one part enlarged view of the conductor wire shown in FIG. It is the schematic of experiment which confirms that the conductor wire shown in FIG. 16 is electrically transparent. It is a figure which shows the measurement position of the current distribution in the conductor wire shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows H surface directivity. It is a figure which shows the electric current distribution in a conductor wire. It is the schematic of the array antenna which can switch directivity electrically. It is the schematic of the radio wave filter using the conductor wire shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  1, 2, 101, 102 Monopole element, 1A, 2A, 101A, 102A One end, 1B, 2B, 101B, 102B The other end, 3, 103-105 Distributed constant line, 4 Printed circuit board, 4A One main surface, 10 , 10A, 10A-1, 10A-2, 10B, 10B-1, 10B-2, 10C, 10C-1, 10C-2 dipole element, 11, 21 notch portion, 12, 13, 22, 23 narrow portion, 20 feeding dipole, 20A feeding section, 30 feeding connector, 31 to 37, 211 to 213, 221 to 226, 231 to 237, 1031 to 1033, 1041 to 1046, 1051 to 1058 line, 40 alignment adjustment slide, 50 network analyzer, 60 magnetic field probe, 70 array antenna, 71-77 antenna element, 81-86 rose Data diodes, 91～96,200,200A, 200B conductor wire, 210, 220, 230 stub line, 300 radio filter.

Claims (7)

A dipole element composed of a parasitic element,
First and second monopole elements arranged in a straight line;
A dipole element comprising a distributed constant line connected between the first and second monopole elements and setting an integral value of a current on the first and second monopole elements to substantially zero.   The dipole element according to claim 1, wherein the distributed constant line is disposed substantially parallel to the first and second monopole elements.   The dipole element according to claim 2, wherein the distributed constant line is disposed in the first and second monopole elements.   2. The dipole element according to claim 1, wherein the distributed constant line is disposed substantially perpendicular to the first and second monopole elements.   5. The dipole element according to claim 1, wherein a total length of the distributed constant line is approximately half a wavelength of an incoming radio wave. With multiple dipole elements connected in series,
Each of the plurality of dipole elements comprises the dipole element according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
In the plurality of dipole elements connected in series, two adjacent dipole elements are connected by a stub line having a length of approximately half a wavelength of an incoming radio wave. A plurality of conductor wires arranged substantially in parallel,
Each of the plurality of conductor lines includes a plurality of dipole elements connected linearly in series,
Each of the plurality of dipole elements comprises the dipole element according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
In the plurality of dipole elements connected in series, the two adjacent dipole elements are connected by a stub line having a length of approximately half wavelength of an incoming radio wave.