JP2003062492A - Surface treatment and cleaning methods for mechanical part, etc., and apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Surface treatment and cleaning methods for mechanical part, etc., and apparatus thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003062492A JP2003062492A JP2001253092A JP2001253092A JP2003062492A JP 2003062492 A JP2003062492 A JP 2003062492A JP 2001253092 A JP2001253092 A JP 2001253092A JP 2001253092 A JP2001253092 A JP 2001253092A JP 2003062492 A JP2003062492 A JP 2003062492A
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure water
- low
- nozzle
- pressure
- cleaning
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、キャビテ−ション
の圧潰衝撃力を利用して、機械部品やその他の部品、そ
の他の部材の表面処理および洗浄をおこなう表面処理お
よび洗浄方法ならびにそれらの装置に関するものであ
る。特に、歯車、バネ、金型等の機械部品をショットピ
−ニングなどにより表面改質している機械加工業、およ
び、部品洗浄を要する分野、プラントなどの構造物や橋
架などの洗浄を行う分野、道路や建築物などのコンクリ
−トの剥離や、トンネルなどの掘削を行う土木工事の分
野等に広く利用できる表面改質方法、洗浄方法およびそ
れらの装置に関するものである。なお、本明細書中で使
用する「機械部品等」という用語は、上記説明した各分
野全般の部材（部品）を含むものとして使用する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surface treatment and cleaning method for performing surface treatment and cleaning of machine parts and other parts and other members by utilizing the crushing impact force of cavitation, and an apparatus thereof. It is a thing. In particular, the machining industry in which mechanical parts such as gears, springs, and dies are surface-modified by shot-pinning, and the fields where parts cleaning is required, the fields where structures such as plants and bridges are cleaned, The present invention relates to a surface modification method, a cleaning method, and an apparatus therefor, which can be widely used in the fields of civil engineering such as peeling concrete from roads and buildings and excavating tunnels. In addition, the term “machine parts and the like” used in the present specification is used to include members (parts) in each field described above.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来より、ウォータジェット内で成長し
たキャビテーションによる圧潰衝撃力を利用した機械部
品等の表面改質方法、洗浄方法として以下のようなもの
が知られている。
（ａ）原子炉圧力容器などの応力腐食割れを阻止および
防止するために，水中に加圧水を吹き出して，キャビテ
−ションを発生させて，被加工物表面に圧縮残留応力を
導入する表面改質方法。
（ｂ）ウォ−タ−ジェット（気中水噴流）により，プラ
ントの容器を洗浄したり，ピ−ニングを行って強度を高
めたりする表面改質方法。
（ｃ）加圧容器を用いて，キャビテ−ション気泡の圧潰
衝撃力を高めて，洗浄やピ−ニングを行う方法（特開２
０００−２６３３３７参照）。
（ｄ）大気中でキャビテ−ション噴流を生成するノズル
（特開平１０−１１３８７１，特開２０００−２０２３
２６）。
（ｅ）被加工面に噴流カバ−を被せて，キャビテ−ショ
ン噴流ならびに低速噴流を充填してピ−ニングを施工す
る例（特開平７−３２８８５７）。2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, the following methods have been known as a method for surface modification and cleaning of mechanical parts and the like utilizing the crushing impact force due to cavitation grown in a water jet. (A) A surface modification method in which pressurized water is blown into water to cause cavitation to introduce compressive residual stress to the surface of a workpiece in order to prevent and prevent stress corrosion cracking of a reactor pressure vessel or the like. . (B) A surface modification method of cleaning a plant container with a water jet (air jet in water) or enhancing strength by performing pinning. (C) A method in which a pressure vessel is used to increase the crushing impact force of cavitation bubbles to perform cleaning and pinning (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-212058).
000-263337). (D) A nozzle for generating a cavitation jet in the atmosphere (JP-A-10-113871, JP-A-2000-2023)
26). (E) An example in which the surface to be processed is covered with a jet cover to fill the cavitation jet and the low-speed jet to perform pinning (JP-A-7-328857).
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記の
ような公知例では以下のような問題点が判明している。
即ち、上記（ａ）の場合、キャビテ−ションの圧潰衝撃
力を利用しているように示されているが、空気中に噴射
する一般のウォ−タ−ジェットと混同し、表面改質の程
度（残留応力の値など）は噴射する加圧水の圧力に依存
するとし、十分な加工能力を得ていない。また表面改質
におけるキャビテ−ション圧潰衝撃力の支配因子を把握
していないため、やみくもにポンプの吐き出し圧力を高
圧化して高価なポンプ、即ち高コストを要する。（ｂ）
の場合、ウォ−タ−ジェットによる洗浄では数十Ｍｐａ
（数百気圧）から数百Ｍｐａ（数千気圧）の高価なプラ
ンジャポンプ（通常数千気圧，数千万円）を使用するの
で，設備費やランニングコストが高い。さらに洗浄領域
がノズル口径と同程度なので、洗浄を行う際には噴射領
域を精密に（ミリメ−タのオ−ダで）制御する必要があ
る。（ｃ）の場合、加圧容器に入るものしか加工できな
い。容器への出し入れのハンドリングが煩雑である上
に、プラント外面や土木工事には使えない。（ｄ）の場
合、公開されている特許によるノズルでは，空気を巻き
込んでしまうために、キャビテ−ション衝撃力が弱い
か、もしくは全くキャビテ−ションを生じない。（ｅ）
の場合、噴流カバ−を設ける方式では，噴流カバ−と加
工対象物の隙間が変化すると隙間が拡大する→噴流カ
バ−内の圧力が低下する→キャビテ−ション噴流が極端
に長くなる。隙間が減少する→噴流カバ−内の圧力が
増加する→キャビテ−ション噴流が極端に短くなるとい
う現象が起きる。すなわち、ノズル距離Ｌ１を近づける
と最適スタンドオフ距離ＬＳはさらに遠くなって、最適
スタンドオフ距離にノズルを維持する制御が困難になる
（図５参照）。However, the following problems have been found in the above-mentioned known examples.
That is, in the case of the above (a), although it is shown that the crushing impact force of cavitation is utilized, it is confused with a general water jet that is injected into the air, and the degree of surface modification It is said that (residual stress value, etc.) depends on the pressure of the pressurized water to be jetted, and sufficient processing capacity has not been obtained. Further, since the controlling factors of the cavitation crushing impact force in the surface modification are not understood, the discharge pressure of the pump is blindly increased to require an expensive pump, that is, high cost. (B)
In case of water jet cleaning, several tens of Mpa
Since an expensive plunger pump (usually several thousand atmospheric pressure, tens of million yen) of (several hundred atmospheric pressure) to several hundred Mpa (several thousands atmospheric pressure) is used, the equipment cost and running cost are high. Further, since the cleaning area is approximately the same as the nozzle diameter, it is necessary to precisely control the injection area (by the order of millimeter meter) when cleaning. In the case of (c), only those which can be put into the pressurized container can be processed. In addition to being complicated to handle in and out of the container, it cannot be used for plant exteriors and civil engineering work. In the case of (d), the nozzle according to the published patent entrains air, so the cavitation impact force is weak, or cavitation does not occur at all. (E)
In the case of (1), in the method of providing the jet cover, when the gap between the jet cover and the object to be processed changes, the gap increases → the pressure in the jet cover decreases → the cavitation jet becomes extremely long. The phenomenon that the clearance decreases → the pressure inside the jet cover increases → the cavitation jet becomes extremely short occurs. That is, when the nozzle distance L1 is reduced, the optimum standoff distance LS becomes further longer, and it becomes difficult to control the nozzle to be maintained at the optimum standoff distance (see FIG. 5).
【０００４】以上のように、気中キャビテ−ション噴流
に関して幾つかの提案がなされているが、現実に、気中
でキャビテ−ション噴流を発生できた成功例はない。そ
の理由は、低圧水のノズル口径が小さすぎること、低圧
水用ノズルと高圧水用ノズルの先端が同位置に設定され
ているために空気を巻き込んでしまうこと、低圧水の圧
力が弱すぎること，などが原因として考えられる。As described above, some proposals have been made for the air cavitation jet, but in reality, there is no successful case where the cavitation jet can be generated in the air. The reason is that the nozzle diameter of the low-pressure water is too small, air is entrained because the tips of the low-pressure water nozzle and the high-pressure water nozzle are set at the same position, and the pressure of the low-pressure water is too weak. , Etc. may be the cause.
【０００５】ところで、キャビテ−ション噴流（高速水
中水噴流）を生じるには，一般には水中に高圧水を噴射
するために、水槽が必要とされる。このため、キャビテ
−ション噴流による表面改質や洗浄においては被加工物
や被洗浄物を水槽に入れる必要があるが、高圧水（高速
水噴流）を低速水噴流で囲んで噴射すれば、水槽を用い
ずに大気中でキャビテ−ション噴流を噴射できる可能性
がある。この様な背景から、本発明者は、キャビテ−シ
ョン噴流となる高圧水を噴射する周囲に、低速水噴流と
なる低圧水を噴射するノズルを設けて噴射し、低圧水の
衝突による圧力により、被加工面や被洗浄面を加圧して
キャビテ−ション気泡の圧潰衝撃力を増大する方法を見
いだした。In order to generate a cavitation jet (high-speed underwater jet), a water tank is generally required to jet high-pressure water into water. For this reason, it is necessary to put the workpiece and the object to be cleaned in the water tank for surface modification and cleaning by the cavitation jet, but if high-pressure water (high-speed water jet) is surrounded by the low-speed water jet and jetted, the water tank There is a possibility that a cavitation jet can be jetted in the atmosphere without using the. From such a background, the present inventor provides a nozzle for injecting low-pressure water that becomes a low-speed water jet around the periphery that injects high-pressure water that becomes a cavitation jet, and injects the pressure due to collision of the low-pressure water. We have found a method of increasing the crushing impact force of cavitation bubbles by pressurizing the surface to be processed and the surface to be cleaned.
【０００６】本発明は上記知見に基づいてなされたもの
で、キャビテ−ション噴流の加工能力、すなわちキャビ
テ−ションの圧潰衝撃力を増大させるために、キャビテ
−ション噴流の衝突面を水流で加圧する機械部品および
製品の表面改質およびその洗浄方法に大きな特徴があ
る。The present invention has been made on the basis of the above findings, and in order to increase the cavitation jet processing capacity, that is, the cavitation crushing impact force, the collision surface of the cavitation jet is pressurized with a water stream. There are major features in the surface modification of mechanical parts and products and their cleaning methods.
【０００７】具体的には、本発明ではキャビテ−ション
噴流の衝突面を十分に加圧できるように、高圧水用ノズ
ルの直径ｄに対して、低圧水のノズル直径を３０ｄ〜５
０ｄとすることに特徴を有する。また、本発明ではキャ
ビテ−ション噴流のキャビテ−ション気泡が圧潰する面
を加圧するために、また、キャビテ−ション噴流が発達
した後の圧潰する場を加圧するために、低圧水用ノズル
先端を高圧水用ノズル先端よりも下流に（衝突面に近い
側に１０ｄ〜５０ｄ程度）設置したことに特徴を有す
る。さらに、低圧水用および高圧水用ノズルを、水中お
よび大気中で使用することに特徴を有する。Specifically, in the present invention, the nozzle diameter of the low-pressure water is 30d to 5d with respect to the diameter d of the nozzle for high-pressure water so that the collision surface of the cavitation jet can be sufficiently pressurized.
The feature is that it is set to 0d. Further, in the present invention, in order to pressurize the surface of the cavitation jet where the cavitation bubbles collapse, and to pressurize the place where the cavitation jet collapses after the cavitation jet has developed, the low-pressure water nozzle tip is used. It is characterized in that it is installed downstream (about 10 to 50d on the side close to the collision surface) from the tip of the high-pressure water nozzle. Furthermore, it is characterized in that the nozzles for low pressure water and high pressure water are used in water and in the atmosphere.
【０００８】上記のような特徴は、上述した特開平７−
３２８８５７号公報、特開平１０−１１３８７１号公
報、特開２０００−２０２３２６号公報、特開２０００
−２６３３３７号公報には開示されていない。The above-mentioned features are due to the above-mentioned JP-A-7-
No. 328857, No. 10-113871, No. 2000-202326, No. 2000
It is not disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 263337.
【０００９】本発明は、キャビテ−ション噴流を噴射す
る高圧水用ノズルの周囲に低圧水用ノズルを円環状に取
り付け、キャビテ−ション噴流の衝突面を十分低圧水で
囲うようにし、低圧水を噴射し、低圧水の衝突圧力で、
被加工面や被洗浄面を加圧する。この加圧法により大気
中ならびに水中において、通常の水中でのキャビテ−シ
ョン噴流による加工能力よりも１０倍以上大きい加工能
力を有するキャビテ−ション噴流を発生できる。また、
本発明では、水中で噴射する場合は、キャビテ−ション
の圧潰衝撃力を増大させる加圧容器が不要になる。さら
に、大気中では、通常のウォ−タ−ジェットに比べたら
１０倍以上大きい加工面積を持つキャビテ−ション噴流
を発生させることができる。According to the present invention, a low pressure water nozzle is annularly attached around a high pressure water nozzle for injecting a cavitation jet so that the collision surface of the cavitation jet is sufficiently surrounded by the low pressure water. Jetting, with collision pressure of low pressure water,
Pressurize the surface to be processed and the surface to be cleaned. By this pressurizing method, it is possible to generate a cavitation jet having a working capacity 10 times or more larger than the working capacity of a cavitation jet in normal water in the air and water. Also,
In the present invention, when jetting in water, a pressure vessel that increases the crushing impact force of cavitation is not necessary. Further, in the atmosphere, it is possible to generate a cavitation jet having a processing area that is 10 times larger than that of a normal water jet.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明が採用した技術解
決手段は、低圧ノズルとこの低圧ノズル内に同心状に配
置した高圧ノズルからなるノズルを、機械部品等の被加
工品表面から離れた位置に配置し、高圧水用ノズルから
高圧水を噴射してキャビテ−ション気泡を生じさせ，低
圧ノズルから噴射した低圧水による加圧により，キャビ
テ−ション気泡の圧潰衝撃力を増大させ，この衝撃力に
より機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄することを特徴と
する機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄方法である。ま
た、前記低圧水、高圧水は同軸方向に向けて噴出され、
高圧水の周囲を低圧水が取り囲むように噴出されること
を特徴とする機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄方法であ
る。また、前記機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄を気中
で行うことを特徴とする機械部品等の表面処理および洗
浄方法である。また、前記機械部品等の表面処理および
洗浄を水中で行うことを特徴とする機械部品等の表面処
理および洗浄方法である。また、低圧水ノズルと、同低
圧水ノズル内の同心に配置した高圧水ノズルとを備え、
両ノズルの噴出方向は同じに配置し、低圧水用ノズルか
ら液体を噴射して低圧水の衝突圧により被加工面や被洗
浄面を加圧し，低圧ノズル内に取り付けた高圧水用ノズ
ルから高圧水を噴射してキャビテ−ション気泡を生じさ
せ，低圧水による加圧により，キャビテ−ション気泡の
圧潰衝撃力を増大させ，該衝撃力により，部品表面や構
造物表面にピ−ニング効果を与えることができる機械部
品等の表面処理および洗浄装置である。また、前記高圧
水用ノズルの直径をｄとし，低圧水用ノズルの直径を３
０ｄ〜５０ｄとしたことを特徴とする機械部品等の表面
処理および洗浄装置である。また、前記高圧水用ノズル
の直径をｄとした時に、低圧水用ノズルの先端を高圧水
ノズル先端から１０ｄ〜５０ｄ下流側に設置したことを
特徴とする機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄装置であ
る。また、前記高圧水ノズルと低圧水ノズルはそれぞ
れ、水圧調整手段に接続されていることを特徴とする機
械部品等の表面処理および洗浄装置である。According to the technical solution adopted by the present invention, a nozzle composed of a low pressure nozzle and a high pressure nozzle concentrically arranged in the low pressure nozzle is separated from the surface of a workpiece such as a machine part. The cavitation bubbles are placed at a position, high pressure water is jetted from the high pressure water nozzle to generate cavitation bubbles, and the crushing impact force of the cavitation bubbles is increased by the pressurization by the low pressure water jetted from the low pressure nozzle. A method for surface treatment and cleaning of mechanical parts and the like, characterized in that surface treatment and cleaning of mechanical parts and the like are performed by force. Further, the low-pressure water and the high-pressure water are ejected in the coaxial direction,
A surface treatment and cleaning method for machine parts and the like, characterized in that low-pressure water is jetted so as to surround high-pressure water. Further, it is a surface treatment and cleaning method for machine parts and the like, characterized in that the surface treatment and cleaning for the machine parts and the like are performed in the air. Further, it is a surface treatment and cleaning method for machine parts and the like, characterized in that the surface treatment and cleaning of the machine parts and the like are performed in water. Also, a low-pressure water nozzle and a high-pressure water nozzle arranged concentrically in the low-pressure water nozzle,
Both nozzles are arranged in the same jetting direction, the liquid is jetted from the low-pressure water nozzle, the surface to be processed and the surface to be cleaned are pressurized by the collision pressure of the low-pressure water, and the high-pressure water nozzle installed inside the low-pressure nozzle is operated at high pressure. Cavitation bubbles are generated by injecting water, and the crushing impact force of the cavitation bubbles is increased by pressurization with low-pressure water, and the impact force exerts a pinning effect on the surface of parts and structures. It is a surface treatment and cleaning device for machine parts and the like. The diameter of the high-pressure water nozzle is d, and the diameter of the low-pressure water nozzle is 3
A surface treatment and cleaning device for machine parts and the like, characterized in that it is set to 0d to 50d. Further, in the surface treatment and cleaning device for machine parts, the tip of the low-pressure water nozzle is installed 10d to 50d downstream from the tip of the high-pressure water nozzle, where d is the diameter of the high-pressure water nozzle. is there. The high-pressure water nozzle and the low-pressure water nozzle are each connected to a water pressure adjusting means, which is a surface treatment and cleaning device for machine parts and the like.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を参照して本発明に係
る実施形態について説明すると、図１は本発明の表面改
質装置の構成図である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a surface reforming apparatus of the present invention.
【００１２】図において、１は低圧水を噴出する低圧ノ
ズルであり、この低圧ノズル１の中心部に高圧水を噴出
する高圧ノズル２が配置されており、全体として２重構
造として形成されている。また、高圧ノズル２のノズル
径をｄとした場合、高圧ノズル２の噴出口２ａは、低圧
ノズル１の噴出口１ａよりも１０ｄ〜５０ｄに相当する
距離分低圧ノズル１内となるように配置されている（図
１参照）。この配置は、低圧水が衝突面をなるべく効率
的に加圧するためと、高圧水からのキャビテ−ション噴
流が空気を巻き込まないようにするためである。In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a low-pressure nozzle for ejecting low-pressure water, and a high-pressure nozzle 2 for ejecting high-pressure water is arranged at the center of the low-pressure nozzle 1 and is formed as a double structure as a whole. . When the nozzle diameter of the high-pressure nozzle 2 is d, the ejection port 2a of the high-pressure nozzle 2 is arranged so as to be inside the low-pressure nozzle 1 by a distance corresponding to 10d to 50d from the ejection port 1a of the low-pressure nozzle 1. (See FIG. 1). This arrangement is for the low-pressure water to pressurize the collision surface as efficiently as possible and to prevent the cavitation jet from the high-pressure water from entraining air.
【００１３】また、キャビテ−ション噴流の衝突面を十
分に加圧できるようにするために、高圧ノズルの径をｄ
とした場合、低圧ノズルの径は３０〜５０ｄとなるよう
に形成する。また、高圧ノズル２の噴出口へ向けての傾
斜角θ１は０〜９０ｄｅｇ、低圧ノズルの噴出口へ向け
ての傾斜角θ２は０〜９０ｄｅｇとなるように形成され
ており、このことからノズル形状は開放型の円筒状のも
のから、底面を有しその底面にノズルを形成したものま
で、種々の形態のものを使用することができる。さら
に、必要に応じて低圧ノズル１および高圧ノズル２はそ
れぞれ、図示せぬ圧力源に接続されており、各ノズルか
らの噴出圧力をバルブ等の適宜手段によって調整できる
構成となっている。The diameter of the high pressure nozzle is set to d so that the collision surface of the cavitation jet can be sufficiently pressurized.
In this case, the low pressure nozzle is formed to have a diameter of 30 to 50d. In addition, the inclination angle θ1 of the high-pressure nozzle 2 toward the ejection port is 0 to 90 deg, and the inclination angle θ2 of the low-pressure nozzle 2 toward the ejection port is 0 to 90 deg. Can have various forms, from an open type cylindrical shape to a shape having a bottom surface and a nozzle formed on the bottom surface. Further, the low-pressure nozzle 1 and the high-pressure nozzle 2 are connected to a pressure source (not shown) as needed, and the ejection pressure from each nozzle can be adjusted by an appropriate means such as a valve.
【００１４】以上の構造からなるノズルの作用について
説明する。キャビテ−ション噴流を生じるための高圧ノ
ズル２から高圧水を、また高圧ノズルの周りに円環状に
配置した低圧ノズルから低圧水を被加工物３の加工面３
ａに向けて噴射する。この時、キャビテ−ション噴流の
衝突面を十分低圧水で囲うようにして（図１参照）、低
圧水を噴射し、低圧水の衝突圧力で、被加工面や被洗浄
面を加圧する。低圧水により衝突面が加圧できるよう
に、低圧水の吐き出し圧力は０．０５ＭＰａ〜１ＭＰａ
とする（低圧水の最適圧力範囲は、高圧水の圧力の１／
１００〜１／５０のぞましくは１／７１がよい。）
また、キャビテ−ション噴流用高圧水の圧力は、２ＭＰ
ａ以上とする（数百ＭＰａまで使用可能であるが、１０
ＭＰａ〜７０ＭＰａ程度が常用範囲であり、望ましくは
３０Ｍｐａ〜５０ＭＰａである。以上のように、被加工
面や被洗浄面に低圧水ならびに高圧水を噴射するするこ
とにより、大気中ならびに水中において、通常の水中で
のキャビテ−ション噴流による加工能力よりも１０倍以
上大きい加工能力を有するキャビテ−ション噴流を発生
できる。The operation of the nozzle having the above structure will be described. High-pressure water from a high-pressure nozzle 2 for generating a cavitation jet, and low-pressure water from a low-pressure nozzle annularly arranged around the high-pressure nozzle.
Inject toward a. At this time, the collision surface of the cavitation jet is sufficiently surrounded by low-pressure water (see FIG. 1), low-pressure water is jetted, and the surface to be processed or the surface to be cleaned is pressurized by the collision pressure of the low-pressure water. The discharge pressure of the low-pressure water is 0.05 MPa to 1 MPa so that the collision surface can be pressurized with the low-pressure water.
(The optimum pressure range of low pressure water is 1 / the pressure of high pressure water.
100 to 1/50 is preferable, and 1/71 is preferable. ) Also, the pressure of the high pressure water for cavitation jet is 2MP.
a or more (up to several hundred MPa can be used, but 10
The normal range is about MPa to 70 MPa, and preferably 30 MPa to 50 MPa. As described above, by injecting low-pressure water and high-pressure water to the surface to be processed or the surface to be cleaned, the processing capacity is 10 times or more larger than the processing capacity by the cavitation jet in normal water in the atmosphere and water. It is possible to generate a cavitation jet having the capability.
【００１５】実施例の具体的作用（作動）
高圧水用ノズルの直径をｄ（０．８ｍｍ）とし、低圧水
用ノズルの直径を５０ｄ（約４０ｍｍ）、高圧水の吐き
出し圧力を２０ＭＰａ、低圧水の吐き出し圧力を０．０
１ＭＰａ〜０．１ＭＰａに変化させて噴射した。なお低
圧水用ノズル先端を高圧水用ノズル先端よりも１０ｄ〜
５０ｄの範囲で変化させて下流に設置した。キャビテ−
ション噴流の加工能力の計測のために、アルミニウム試
験片に上記の低圧水ならびに高圧水を同時に噴射して、
アルミニウム試験片の質量欠損ならびに、壊食面積を計
測した。上記の試験範囲で、キャビテ−ション噴流特有
のリング状壊食痕が認められた。壊食面積は、ノズル直
径の４０倍程度であり、ウォ−タ−ジェットによる壊食
面積がノズル直径の数倍程度であるのに対して、それよ
りも十倍以上加工領域（あるいは洗浄領域）が大きい。Specific operation (operation) of the embodiment The diameter of the high pressure water nozzle is d (0.8 mm), the diameter of the low pressure water nozzle is 50 d (about 40 mm), the discharge pressure of the high pressure water is 20 MPa, and the low pressure water is Discharge pressure of 0.0
The pressure was changed to 1 MPa to 0.1 MPa and the gas was injected. The tip of the nozzle for low-pressure water is 10d
It was changed in the range of 50d and installed downstream. Cavity
In order to measure the processing capacity of the jet jet, the above-mentioned low-pressure water and high-pressure water are simultaneously jetted onto an aluminum test piece,
The mass loss of the aluminum test piece and the erosion area were measured. In the above test range, ring-shaped erosion marks peculiar to the cavitation jet were recognized. The erosion area is about 40 times the diameter of the nozzle, and the erosion area by the water jet is about several times the diameter of the nozzle, while it is more than 10 times the processing area (or the cleaning area). Is big.
【００１６】図２には、低圧水の吐き出し圧力と噴流の
加工能力（アルミニウムの質量欠損）の関係を示す。低
圧噴流の圧力が０．１ＭＰａの場合の質量欠損は、大気
中ならびに水中ともに、水中に同一の吐き出し圧力のキ
ャビテ−ション噴流を噴射した場合の質量欠損よりも、
１５倍以上大である。すなわち、低圧噴流により、加工
能力が１５倍程度増大した。水中でも空気中でも同程度
の加工能力を得られた。低圧水の最適加圧圧力は、キャ
ビテ−ション噴流用の高圧水の１／１００〜１／５０で
ある。その場合には、加工能力はさらに大となる。表面
改質効果として、加工面の圧縮残留応力を計測すると、
低圧水を噴射しない場合は、圧縮の値が小さく、加工に
要する時間が１０倍以上かかる（図３参照）。さらに圧
縮残留応力が導入される深さは半分以下である（図４参
照）。FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the discharge pressure of the low-pressure water and the jet machining capacity (aluminum mass loss). The mass loss when the pressure of the low-pressure jet is 0.1 MPa is larger than that when the cavitation jet having the same discharge pressure is injected into water both in the air and in water.
It is more than 15 times larger. That is, the low pressure jet increased the processing capacity by about 15 times. The same processing ability was obtained in water and air. The optimum pressurizing pressure of the low pressure water is 1/100 to 1/50 of the high pressure water for the cavitation jet. In that case, the processing capacity is further increased. As a surface modification effect, when measuring the compressive residual stress of the processed surface,
When low-pressure water is not jetted, the value of compression is small and the time required for processing is 10 times or more (see FIG. 3). Further, the depth at which the compressive residual stress is introduced is less than half (see FIG. 4).
【００１７】以上述べたように、本発明はキャビテ−シ
ョン噴流の衝突面を十分低圧水で囲うようにして、低圧
水を噴射し、低圧水の衝突圧力で、被加工面や被洗浄面
を加圧する。この時、キャビテ−ション気泡の圧潰衝撃
力が大きく増大することで従来の方法に比較して表面改
質を効率的に行うことができる。また、高圧水用ノズル
の直径ｄに対して、低圧水のノズル直径を３０ｄ〜５０
ｄとすることによりキャビテ−ション噴流の衝突面を十
分に加圧することができる。また、低圧水用ノズル先端
を高圧水用ノズル先端よりも下流に（衝突面に近い側に
１０ｄ〜５０ｄ程度）設置することで、キャビテ−ショ
ン噴流が発達した後の圧潰する場を加圧することができ
る。As described above, according to the present invention, the low pressure water is jetted so that the collision surface of the cavitation jet is sufficiently surrounded by the low pressure water, and the surface to be machined or the surface to be cleaned is sprayed by the collision pressure of the low pressure water. Pressurize. At this time, since the crushing impact force of the cavitation bubbles is greatly increased, the surface modification can be efficiently performed as compared with the conventional method. Moreover, the nozzle diameter of the low-pressure water is 30d to 50 with respect to the diameter d of the high-pressure water nozzle.
By setting d, the collision surface of the cavitation jet can be sufficiently pressurized. In addition, the tip of the nozzle for low-pressure water is installed downstream of the tip of the nozzle for high-pressure water (about 10 to 50d on the side close to the collision surface) to pressurize the place to be crushed after the cavitation jet has developed. You can
【００１８】本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本
発明は、キャビテ−ション噴流用の高圧水の周囲に低圧
水を噴流することができる構成であれば、上記の形態に
限定されることなく、種々の形態で実施することができ
る。さらに、本発明はその精神または主要な特徴から逸
脱することなく、他のいかなる形でも実施できる。その
ため、前述の実施形態はあらゆる点で単なる例示にすぎ
ず限定的に解釈してはならない。Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as long as the low pressure water can be jetted around the high pressure water for the cavitation jet. , Can be implemented in various forms. Furthermore, the present invention may be embodied in any other form without departing from its spirit or main characteristics. Therefore, the above-described embodiments are merely examples in all respects and should not be limitedly interpreted.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】以上の詳細に説明した如く、本発明によ
れば、高圧水用ノズルと低圧水用ノズルおよび被加工面
や被洗浄面を水中に設置して使用しても、大気中に設置
して使用しても、表面改質や洗浄を行うことができる。
水中で噴射する場合は、キャビテ−ションの圧潰衝撃力
を増大させる加圧容器が不要になる。大気中では、通常
のウォ−タ−ジェットに比べたら１０倍以上大きい加工
面積を持つキャビテ−ション噴流を発生させることがで
きる、等々の優れた効果を奏することができる。As described above in detail, according to the present invention, even if the nozzle for high pressure water, the nozzle for low pressure water and the surface to be processed or the surface to be cleaned are installed in water and used, Even when installed and used, surface modification and cleaning can be performed.
When jetting in water, a pressure vessel that increases the crushing impact force of cavitation is not necessary. In the atmosphere, it is possible to generate a cavitation jet having a processing area that is 10 times larger than that of a normal water jet, and other excellent effects can be obtained.
【図１】本発明に係る表面改質および洗浄装置の構成図
である。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a surface modification and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
【図２】加圧水の加圧による加工能力の増大を示すグラ
フである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing an increase in processing capacity due to pressurization of pressurized water.
【図３】加工時間と残留応力の関係を示すグラフであ
る。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between processing time and residual stress.
【図４】残留応力と残留深さの関係を示すグラフであ
る。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between residual stress and residual depth.
【図５】ノズル距離Ｌ１と最適スタンドオフ距離ＬＳと
の関係を説明する図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a nozzle distance L1 and an optimum standoff distance LS.
１ 低圧ノズル ２ 高圧ノズル ３ 被加工物 ３ａ 加工面 1 low pressure nozzle 2 high pressure nozzle 3 Workpiece 3a Processing surface
Claims (8)
配置した高圧ノズルからなるノズルを、機械部品等の被
加工品表面から離れた位置に配置し、高圧水用ノズルか
ら高圧水を噴射してキャビテ−ション気泡を生じさせ，
低圧ノズルから噴射した低圧水による加圧により，キャ
ビテ−ション気泡の圧潰衝撃力を増大させ，この衝撃力
により機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄することを特徴
とする機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄方法。1. A low-pressure nozzle and a high-pressure nozzle concentrically arranged in the low-pressure nozzle are arranged at a position apart from the surface of a workpiece such as a machine part, and high-pressure water is jetted from the high-pressure water nozzle. To generate cavitation bubbles,
Surface treatment and cleaning of machine parts, etc. characterized by increasing the crushing impact force of cavitation bubbles by pressurizing with low-pressure water sprayed from a low-pressure nozzle, and performing surface treatment and cleaning of machine parts etc. by this impact force. Method.
出され、高圧水の周囲を低圧水が取り囲むように噴出さ
れることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の機械部品等の表
面処理および洗浄方法。2. The surface of a mechanical part or the like according to claim 1, wherein the low-pressure water and the high-pressure water are jetted in a coaxial direction so that the low-pressure water surrounds the high-pressure water. Treatment and cleaning methods.
中で行うことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記
載の機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄方法。3. The surface treatment and cleaning method for machine parts and the like according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface treatment and cleaning of the machine parts and the like are performed in air.
中で行うことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記
載の機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄方法。4. The method for surface treatment and cleaning of machine parts and the like according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface treatment and cleaning of the machine parts and the like are performed in water.
に配置した高圧水ノズルとを備え、両ノズルの噴出方向
は同じに配置し、低圧水用ノズルから液体を噴射して低
圧水の衝突圧により被加工面や被洗浄面を加圧し，低圧
ノズル内に取り付けた高圧水用ノズルから高圧水を噴射
してキャビテ−ション気泡を生じさせ，低圧水による加
圧により，キャビテ−ション気泡の圧潰衝撃力を増大さ
せ，該衝撃力により，部品表面や構造物表面にピ−ニン
グ効果を与えることができる機械部品等の表面処理およ
び洗浄装置。5. A low-pressure water nozzle and a high-pressure water nozzle arranged concentrically within the low-pressure water nozzle, the jetting directions of both nozzles being the same, and the liquid is jetted from the low-pressure water nozzle to discharge the low-pressure water. The surface to be machined or the surface to be cleaned is pressurized by the collision pressure of the high pressure water, and high pressure water is jetted from the high pressure water nozzle installed in the low pressure nozzle to generate cavitation bubbles. A surface treatment and cleaning device for machine parts, etc., which can increase the crushing impact force of bubbles and impart a pinning effect to the component surface and the structure surface by the impact force.
水用ノズルの直径を３０ｄ〜５０ｄとしたことを特徴と
する請求項５に記載の機械部品等の表面処理および洗浄
装置。6. The surface treatment and cleaning apparatus for machine parts and the like according to claim 5, wherein the high-pressure water nozzle has a diameter of d, and the low-pressure water nozzle has a diameter of 30 d to 50 d.
に、低圧水用ノズルの先端を高圧水ノズル先端から１０
ｄ〜５０ｄ下流側に設置したことを特徴とする請求項５
または請求項６に記載の機械部品等の表面処理および洗
浄装置。7. The tip of the low-pressure water nozzle is 10 from the tip of the high-pressure water nozzle, where d is the diameter of the high-pressure water nozzle.
It is installed downstream from d to 50d.
Alternatively, a surface treatment and cleaning device for the machine parts or the like according to claim 6.
れ、水圧調整手段に接続されていることを特徴とする請
求項５〜請求項７のいずれかに記載の機械部品等の表面
処理および洗浄装置。8. The surface treatment and cleaning of machine parts and the like according to claim 5, wherein the high pressure water nozzle and the low pressure water nozzle are each connected to a water pressure adjusting means. apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001253092A JP2003062492A (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2001-08-23 | Surface treatment and cleaning methods for mechanical part, etc., and apparatus therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001253092A JP2003062492A (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2001-08-23 | Surface treatment and cleaning methods for mechanical part, etc., and apparatus therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003062492A true JP2003062492A (en) | 2003-03-04 |
Family
ID=19081470
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001253092A Pending JP2003062492A (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2001-08-23 | Surface treatment and cleaning methods for mechanical part, etc., and apparatus therefor |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003062492A (en) |
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| CN111826513A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Impact strengthening device based on cavitation impact effect |
| CN111826513B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2022-02-22 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Impact strengthening device based on cavitation impact effect |
| CN110420792A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-11-08 | 合肥工业大学 | The Cavitation jet nozzle structure of table processing in a kind of achievable long and narrow hole |
| EP3922409A1 (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-12-15 | The Boeing Company | Enhanced intensity cavitation nozzles |
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