JP2003038970A - Defibration apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a defibration apparatus which can efficiently defibrate waste fiber moldings such as a glass wool board and defibrate a high-density board and whose defibration speed is accelerated. SOLUTION: A plurality of rotary edges 17 each having a horizontal edge part and an inclined edge part on the tip side of the horizontal edge part are fit stepwise radially to a vertical rotary shaft 16 arranged in a cylindrical vessel 12 having a hopper 11 in the upper part. Many discharge holes 12a are formed on the lower peripheral wall of the vessel 12 all over the periphery. A plurality of the secondary rotary edges 18 each having a vertical edge part facing to the holes 12a are also fit to the shaft 16. An object to be thrown in the vessel 12 is cut and defibrated by the edges 17 while being pushed downward. The defibrated fiber is sucked by a suction blower, discharged through the holes 12a, sent to a cyclone 21 and collected in a collection cylinder 25 arranged in the lower part of the cyclone 21. The collected defibrated fiber is compressed and pushed into a packing bag 28 with an extruding unit 26 and packed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to glass wool,
The present invention relates to a defibrating device that defibrates waste material of a board-shaped or roll-shaped fiber molded body obtained by hardening fibers such as rock wool and polyester fibers for recycling.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Glass wool, rock wool, polyester fibers and the like are used as heat insulating materials and sound absorbing materials in houses and air-conditioning equipment. These are fibers that are hardened into a board or roll using an adhesive. It is often used as a molded product, that is, as a board or roll of glass wool, rock wool, polyester fiber or the like. When boards or rolls of this type of heat insulating material / sound absorbing material are used as waste materials in housing construction and air conditioning equipment construction, this heat insulating material
Sound absorbing board or roll (hereinafter referred to as heat insulation board)
When disintegrated, it can be recycled as a heat insulating material and sound absorbing material for houses and air conditioning equipment. Here, the defibration means that a fiber molded body obtained by solidifying fibers such as a heat insulation board is finely cut and crushed to form unsolidified fibers.

For this reason, conventionally, waste materials such as heat insulation boards of this type have been defibrated, but as shown in FIG. 6, the conventional defibration apparatus 1 is driven by a drive unit 2. In the case of a board (board-shaped heat insulating material / sound absorbing material) 5, for example,
The surface of the board 5 placed horizontally was scratched by the tip of the nail 4 to defibrate it.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention
Is a method of scratching the surface with the tip of the nail 4, so a sufficiently strong defibration force cannot be obtained, and the density of the processable board is 32.
The limit is about kg / m ² , which is a drawback that boards with higher densities cannot be defibrated. Further, since the defibration speed is slow and inefficient, the cost of treating waste materials also increases. Further, since the glass wool obtained by defibration is cotton-like and is not easy to handle and the packaging process is complicated, a defibration device capable of consistently processing from defibration to packaging is desired. The present invention has been made in order to eliminate the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, and it is possible to efficiently disintegrate a board-shaped or roll-shaped waste material of a heat insulating material / sound absorbing material such as glass wool, and of high density. It is an object of the present invention to provide a defibrating device capable of defibrating materials, and further to provide a defibrating device capable of consistently performing from defibrating to packaging processing.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a defibration apparatus which finely cuts and crushes waste material of a fiber molded body obtained by hardening fibers into fibers in an unhardened state, A cylindrical container with a waste material input opening in the upper part and a fiber discharge port in the lower peripheral wall, a rotary shaft vertically provided in the center of the cylindrical container, and a mounting position on the rotary shaft in a direction opposite to the rotation direction. And a plurality of plate-shaped rotary blades that are attached in a radial pattern with steps that are sequentially lowered.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the rotary blade in the defibrating device according to the first aspect has a horizontal blade portion that extends horizontally from the rotary shaft and an inclined blade portion that is bent downward from the tip of the horizontal blade portion. Is characterized by.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the defibrating device according to the first aspect, a large number of discharge holes are formed on the lower peripheral wall of the cylindrical container as fiber discharge ports over substantially the entire circumference, and the discharge hole height of the rotary shaft is increased. A plurality of second rotary blades each including a horizontal blade portion extending in the radial direction and a vertical blade portion that is bent vertically upward at the tip of the horizontal blade portion and faces close to the discharge hole. A cylindrical outer wall that forms a donut-shaped space between the outer surface of the cylindrical container and the outer surface of the cylindrical container is provided, and a fiber discharge port from the donut-shaped space is provided on the cylindrical outer wall. To do.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the defibrating device of the third aspect, the plurality of second rotary blades are radially attached to the rotary shaft with a stepped portion whose mounting positions are sequentially lowered in the rotational direction. To do.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the defibrating device of the third aspect, a cyclone communicating with the donut-shaped space is provided through a communication pipe connected to the outer wall of the cylinder, and a receiving port communicating with a lower end discharge port of the cyclone. The present invention is characterized in that a fiber discharge device comprising a substantially horizontal collecting cylinder having an outer peripheral surface and an extruding device for pushing out the fibers accumulated in the collecting cylinder is provided.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a defibrating device which finely cuts and crushes waste material of a fiber molded body obtained by solidifying fibers to form fibers in an unsolidified state. A cylindrical container with a large number of discharge holes formed around the entire circumference as a fiber discharge port,
A cylindrical outer wall, which is provided outside the cylindrical container and forms a donut-shaped space between the cylindrical container outer surface and the outer surface of the cylindrical container, a rotary shaft provided perpendicularly to the center of the cylindrical container, and the rotary shaft. A plurality of plate-shaped rotary blades mounted radially, a horizontal blade portion extending in the radial direction, and a vertical blade portion that is bent vertically upward at the tip of this horizontal blade portion and faces in proximity to the discharge hole. A plurality of second rotary blades radially attached to a lower position of the rotary shaft, a cyclone communicating with the donut-shaped space through a communication pipe connected to an upper portion of the cylindrical outer wall, and a cyclone of the cyclone. A fiber discharge device consisting of a generally horizontal collecting cylinder having a receiving port communicating with the lower end discharge port on the outer peripheral surface and an pushing device for pushing out the fibers accumulated in this collecting cylinder, and the tip opening side of the collecting cylinder was covered. In the packing bag, After Wei is pushed in a compressed state by the pushing device, characterized by comprising a means to close the mouth closed mouth of the packaging bag.

[0011]

1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, which is a sectional view of a defibrating device 10, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a defibrating device main body 15 portion in FIG. Is. The defibration device 10 includes a cylindrical container 12 having a hopper (waste material input opening) 11 on the upper part and a large number of discharge holes 12a formed on the lower peripheral wall over the entire circumference as a fiber discharge port. A cylindrical outer wall 14 provided on the outer side and forming a donut-shaped space 13 between the outer surface and the outer surface of the cylindrical container 12.
A rotary shaft 16 provided perpendicularly to the center of the cylindrical container 12, a plurality of plate-shaped rotary blades 17 radially attached to the rotary shaft 16, and a horizontal blade portion 18a extending in the radial direction.
And a plurality of radial blades that are vertically attached to the lower end of the rotary shaft 16 and vertically bent upward at the tip of the horizontal blade portion 18a to face the discharge hole 12a. 2 rotary blades 18, a cyclone 21 that communicates with the donut-shaped space 13 via a communication pipe 19 that is connected to the upper portion of the cylindrical outer wall 14, and a receiving port 25a that communicates with a lower end discharge port 21a of the cyclone. A fiber discharge device 27 including a substantially horizontal collecting cylinder 25 and an extruding device 26 that pushes out the fibers accumulated in the collecting cylinder, and a packing bag 28 that covers the tip opening 25b side of the collecting cylinder 25. After the fibers in the collecting cylinder 25 are pushed in by the extrusion device 26 in a compressed state, the packing bag 28
And a mouth closing means 29 for closing the mouth. The above-mentioned parts are installed on the base 31. 32 is the rotary shaft 16
Is a drive motor for rotating and driving the rotating shaft 16 at a rotation speed of, for example, 2500 rpm. The extruding device 26 is composed of an extruding plate 26a that slides in the collecting cylinder 25 to extrude the fibers toward the tip side, and an air cylinder 26b that drives the extruding plate 26a forward and backward.

As shown in detail in FIG. 4, the rotary blade 17 has a horizontal blade portion 17a extending horizontally from the rotary shaft 16,
The horizontal blade portion 17a includes an inclined blade portion 17b bent downward from the tip thereof. The inclination angle θ of the inclined blade portion 17b is preferably 15 ° to 45 °, for example. Although four rotary blades 17 are provided in the embodiment, the four rotary blades 17 are not arranged radially on the same plane, but as shown in FIG. 4, they are opposite to the rotation direction (arrow a) of the rotary shaft 16. It is attached in a radial arrangement with steps that are lowered in sequence. what if,
If each of the four rotary blades is a horizontal blade and is simply arranged in a radial pattern, the input material (input waste material) is not returned to the lower part by being bounced back to the upper part by the blade that rotates at high speed, and the cutting process does not proceed smoothly. . However, due to the inclination of the inclined blade portion 17b on the tip side of the rotary blade 17 and the stepped radial arrangement, a structure similar to that of a ball screw type feed mechanism is obtained, and a feed force for feeding the input downward is generated. Thereby, the cutting process of the input material proceeds smoothly. The material of the rotary blade 17 is not particularly limited, but stainless steel, cemented carbide or the like may be used, for example. The length of the rotary blade 17 may be set so that there is not much gap with the inner wall of the cylindrical container 12. Also,
In the embodiment, the four rotary blades 17 are mounted on the single rotary blade mounting portion 16a, but the four rotary blades 17 may be provided in one set or in a larger number. In addition,
At least two rotary blades 17 (two or more stages) may be provided.

As shown in FIG. 4, the second rotary blade 18 has a horizontal blade portion 18a extending horizontally from the rotary shaft 16,
The horizontal blade portion 18a includes a vertical blade portion 18b having an arc cross section which is bent vertically upward at the tip and faces the discharge hole 12a of the cylindrical container 12 in the vicinity thereof. FIG. 5 schematically shows the arrangement of the discharge holes 12a provided in the cylindrical container 12 (the ratio of the size of each part is deformed). The discharge hole 12a is, for example, a round hole or an elliptical hole having a diameter of 15 to 20 mm, and is provided in four stages corresponding to the height of the vertical blade portion 18b. The shape, size, distribution, etc. of the discharge holes 12a may be set so that the air suction force by the suction blower, which will be described later, and the size of the fibers are constant. It is appropriate to set the distance between the hole centers of the discharge holes 12a adjacent to each other in the left / right and diagonally up / down directions to about 70 mm in order to prevent the disentangled fibers from being discharged across the holes 12a. When the cutting piece is clogged in the discharge hole 12a, the vertical blade portion 18b cuts the cutting piece into smaller pieces and removes the cutting piece from the discharge hole 12a when the cutting piece is clogged in the discharge hole 12a. That is, the vertical blade portion 18b has a function of further cutting the cut input material and a function of preventing clogging of the discharge hole 12a (or cleaning of the discharge hole 12a). Further, in the embodiment, four second rotary blades 18 are provided, but the four second rotary blades 18 are not arranged radially on the same plane, but as shown in FIG. (Arrows a) are attached in a radial arrangement with steps that are sequentially lowered. That is, the stepped radial arrangement of the second rotary blade 18 is
This is a step opposite to that in the case of No. 7, and since an upward air flow is generated, the size of the cut pieces is selected, and a size smaller than a certain size is fed downward. The material of the second rotary blade 18 may be the same as that of the rotary blade 17. The smaller the gap between the vertical blade portion 18b and the inner surface of the cylindrical container 12, the more effective it is, but for example, 0.3 to 1.0 m.
m is suitable. However, the effect can be obtained even when the thickness is about 0.3 to 5.0 mm. If the gap is too small, it is difficult to manufacture with accuracy. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the gap within a range where the manufacture is not difficult.

The cyclone 21, which is a dust collector, is made of, for example, an acrylic plate and has a conical shape. The lower end discharge port 21a is provided at the tip of the cone, and the inner cylinder 34 is provided at the upper part. A space is provided on the top to further improve the dust collection efficiency. This space is, for example, a cloth bag 3 for woodworking
5 can be formed, but the opening 35a is formed in the upper portion.
To provide. 36 is a suction blower of the cyclone 21,
The air inside the cylindrical container 12 is exhausted through a large number of discharge holes 12 on its outer periphery.
It is sucked from a and guided into the cyclone 21 through the donut-shaped space 13 and the communication pipe 19.

The mouth closing means 29 has a function of closing the mouth of the packing bag 28 such as a polyethylene bag by binding the mouth with a string. The mouth closing means 29 is preferably an automated machine, but may be manually performed.

The defibration process by the defibration device 10 will be described. For example, waste material such as glass wool board is used in the hopper 1.
When charged through the first opening, the charged material falls and is first cut by the four rotary blades 17. In this case, each rotary blade 1
Of the inclined blade portion 17b on the tip side of 7 and the four rotary blades 17
With the step radial arrangement, the structure similar to that of the ball screw type feeding mechanism is obtained, and the input material (the input waste material) is repelled by the rotating blade and the input material is fed downward.
The lower second rotary blade 18 also acts to cut the charge, further cutting the cutting pieces into finer fibers. Further, the second rotary blade 18 has a step opposite to that of the rotary blade 17, generates an upward air flow, selects the size of the cutting pieces, and cuts the pieces below a certain size. Send in. Rotary blade 17 that rotates at high speed as described above
In addition, the defibration by rotating the second rotary blade 18 can obtain a sufficiently strong defibration force, for example, the defibration of a high-density board of about 48 kg / m ³ to 64 kg / m ³ is possible. In addition, the defibration speed is also significantly improved, for example, processing of 1 m ³ / min becomes possible, and the efficiency of waste material processing can be improved.

The fibers which are not solidified by being cut by the second rotary blade 18 are suction blowers 3 of the cyclone 21.
By the air suction force of 6, the air is discharged from the discharge hole 12 a on the wall surface of the cylindrical container 12. At this time, the cutting pieces clogged in the discharge hole 12a are cut by the vertical blade portion 18b of the second rotary blade 18 to eliminate the clogging. Shape of discharge hole 12a
By appropriately setting the size / distribution number and the strength of the suction force by the suction blower 36, it is possible to set the size of the fiber. The fiber discharged from the discharge hole 12a is sucked into the cyclone 21 through the communication pipe 19, and the fiber is subjected to centrifugal force in the cyclone 21 and descends along the inner wall of the cone to be collected from the lower end discharge port 21a to the collecting cylinder 25.
Fall inside. The fibers accumulated in the collecting cylinder 25 are pushed out by the pushing plate 26a which is driven forward by the air cylinder 26b, and received by the stopper 37 from the outside of the packing bag 28 such as the polyethylene bag covering the tip opening 25b of the collecting cylinder 25. It is compressed. Then, when the amount of compressed fibers exceeds a certain amount, the stopper 37 is retracted, the push-out plate 26a is fully advanced, the packaging bag 28 is extracted together with the compressed fibers from the collecting cylinder 25, and the mouth portion is closed. Closed by means 29. In this way, the fibers can be packed in the packing bag 28 in a compressed state.

As described above, since defibration and packaging are performed consistently, the waste material can be treated extremely efficiently. Then, the packed fibers can be recycled as heat insulating materials and sound absorbing materials for houses and air conditioning equipment. Further, since the defibrating device of the present invention is vertical and does not occupy a lot of space, it can be carried on a 2-ton vehicle and can be defibrated from processing to packing on site, which is extremely useful.

In the rotary blade 17 of the embodiment, the horizontal blade portion 17a is also horizontal in the circumferential direction (that is, the horizontal plane), but a slight angle in the circumferential direction is not excluded (in this case, Horizontal only in the radial direction). Further, the rotary blade is not necessarily limited to the one having the horizontal blade portion 17a and the inclined blade portion 17b. In short, any configuration may be used as long as a plurality of plate-shaped rotary blades are provided radially in steps. Further, in the above description, the processing of a board such as glass wool was described, but rolls and other shapes can be defibrated similarly. The means for collecting the fibers disentangled in the cylindrical container 12 is not necessarily limited to the one using the cyclone 21.

[0020]

According to the present invention, a plurality of plate-shaped rotary blades arranged in a stepped radial arrangement are rotated in a cylindrical container to cut a waste material, which is a fiber molded body, while applying a downward feeding force to an input material. Since the defibration is carried out by using the above method, a sufficiently strong defibration force can be obtained, and it becomes possible to process a waste material having a higher density than before. In addition, it was possible to improve the defibration speed. As a result, the cost of processing the waste material could be reduced.

According to the second aspect of the invention, since the tip end side of the rotary blade is inclined, the feed force for feeding the input waste material downward can be effectively generated in combination with the stepped radial arrangement. Therefore, the cutting process of the input material can be smoothly advanced.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the second rotary blade cuts the charge into smaller pieces, and the vertical blade portion of the second rotary blade causes clogging of the discharge hole provided in the peripheral wall of the cylindrical container. Prevent. . Also, by appropriately setting the shape, size, distribution, etc. of the discharge holes, and by appropriately setting the suction force of the suction blower of the cyclone of claim 5, the size of the fiber to be defibrated is desired. It can be set to any size.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the second rotary blade generates the upward air flow, and performs a sorting action of feeding the air flow having a predetermined size or less downward.

According to the fifth aspect, the fiber discharge device provided at the cyclone and the lower end discharge port thereof can reliably and efficiently collect and discharge the fibers disentangled in the cylindrical container.

According to the sixth aspect, as described above, due to the high defibration force, it is possible to process a high density one at a high defibration rate, and it is possible to consistently perform the processes from defibration to packing, thus treating the waste material. Becomes extremely efficient.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a defibrating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the disentanglement apparatus main body in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a rotary shaft portion to which a rotary blade is attached in FIG.

5 is a perspective view of the cylindrical container in FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory view of a conventional defibrating device.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Disentanglement device 11 hopper 12 Cylindrical container 12a discharge hole (fiber discharge port) 13 Donut-shaped space 14 Cylindrical outer wall 15 Disentanglement device body 16 rotation axes 17 rotary blade 17a Horizontal blade part 17b Inclined blade 18 2nd rotary blade 18a Horizontal blade part 18b vertical blade 19 Communication pipe 21 cyclone 21a Bottom end discharge port 25 collecting cylinder 25a Acceptance gate 26 Extruder 26a Extrusion plate 26b air cylinder 27 Fiber discharge device 28 packing bags 31 Drive motor 34 Inner cylinder 35 cases 36 Suction blower 37 Stopper

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Toshiro Terakawa             529-14 Shinoda, Kashiwa City, Chiba Prefecture F-term (reference) 4D065 CA12 CB03 CC04 DD11 DD30                       EB11 ED14 ED16 ED20 ED24                 4D067 EE07 EE12 EE22 GA11 GB03

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A defibration device for finely cutting and crushing waste material of a fiber molded body obtained by solidifying fibers to form fibers in an unsolidified state, wherein a waste material input opening is provided at an upper portion and a fiber discharge port is provided at a lower peripheral wall. With a cylindrical container, a rotary shaft provided perpendicularly to the center of the cylindrical container, and a plurality of radially mounted plates with step differences in which the mounting position is sequentially lowered in the opposite direction to the rotating shaft. A defibrating device, which is provided with a rotary blade of a shape. 2. The solution according to claim 1, wherein the rotary blade has a horizontal blade portion that extends horizontally from the rotation axis and an inclined blade portion that is bent downward from a tip of the horizontal blade portion. Fiber device. 3. A plurality of discharge holes are formed in the lower peripheral wall of the cylindrical container as fiber discharge ports over substantially the entire circumference, and a horizontal extending in the radial direction is provided at the discharge hole height position of the rotary shaft. A plurality of second rotary blades each comprising a blade portion and a vertical blade portion that is bent vertically upward at the tip of the horizontal blade portion and faces in proximity to the discharge hole are provided on the outside of the cylindrical container. The defibrating device according to claim 1, wherein a cylindrical outer wall that forms a donut-shaped space is provided between the outer surface of the cylindrical container and the cylindrical outer wall, and a fiber discharge port from the donut-shaped space is provided in the cylindrical outer wall. 4. The defibrating device according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of second rotary blades are radially attached to the rotation shaft with a stepped position in which the attachment positions are sequentially lowered in the rotation direction. 5. A generally horizontal collection cylinder having a cyclone communicating with the donut-shaped space through a communication pipe connected to the outer wall of the cylinder and having a receiving port communicating with a lower end discharge port of the cyclone on an outer peripheral surface thereof. The defibrating device according to claim 3, further comprising a fiber discharging device including an extruding device for extruding fibers accumulated in the collecting cylinder. 6. A defibration device for finely cutting and crushing waste material of a fiber molded body obtained by solidifying fibers to form fibers in an unsolidified state, wherein a waste material input opening is provided at an upper portion and a fiber discharge port is provided at a lower peripheral wall. As a cylindrical container having a large number of discharge holes formed around the entire circumference, and provided on the outside of this cylindrical container,
A cylindrical outer wall forming a donut-shaped space with the outer surface of the cylindrical container, a rotary shaft provided perpendicularly to the center of the cylindrical container, and a plurality of plate-shaped rotary blades radially attached to the rotary shaft. A horizontal blade portion extending in the radial direction and a vertical blade portion that is bent vertically upward at the tip of the horizontal blade portion and faces in the vicinity of the discharge hole. A plurality of second rotary blades attached to the cyclone, a cyclone that communicates with the donut-shaped space through a communication pipe that is connected to the upper portion of the outer wall of the cylinder, and a receiving port that communicates with a lower end discharge port of the cyclone. A fiber discharge device consisting of a substantially horizontal collecting cylinder and an extruding device for pushing out the fibers accumulated in the collecting cylinder; and a fiber inside the collecting cylinder in the packing bag covered on the tip opening side of the collecting cylinder. Compressed by the extruder After being pushed, opener device being characterized in that a means to close the mouth closed mouth of the packaging bag.