JP2002518186A - Manufacturing method for automotive wheels - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract Metal shaping is used in the manufacture of vehicle wheels. The present invention includes making a wheel block with a central portion and an initially formed rim, stretching the rim by hot rolling to obtain a wheel profile that approximates the finished wheel, and a final wheel processing step. I have. Rolling is performed from both sides of the wheel block, including any granular microstructure. The conditions of rolling temperature and strain rate correspond to the microstructure. In the case of a coarse-grained microstructure, the rim has a shoulder with a thickness greater than the thickness of the finished wheel, and this thickness difference converts the microstructure into a recrystallized microstructure and / or a polygonized microstructure. . In the case of a fine-grained microstructure, the rim has a shoulder or flange with a thickness close to the thickness of the finished wheel. In the case of a mixed microstructure, the rim has a shoulder and a thickness equal to or greater than the finished wheel.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to pressure treatment of metals. In particular, it relates to the manufacture of various types of wheels, including wheels for vehicles, automobiles, airplanes, and rollers for crawler belt vehicles.

[0002] A well-known method of manufacturing wheels is the die casting method. This method has high productivity and low cost. High reliability has been obtained when the wheels are used on high quality roads, such as roads with hard coatings. However, the mechanical properties of die cast castings are not sufficient for sports cars and heavy vehicles for wheels used on roads with only low quality coatings. Further, the alloy having the die-cast structure is inferior in strength characteristics as compared with the alloy having the deformed structure. Generally speaking, wheels made by die casting are heavier than wheels made by forging.

[0003] Another known method of making wheels is forging. According to this forging method, a wheel is made in several steps. The first step is the manufacture of the wheel block by forging. The central portion of the wheel block has a portion of the rim with hub, web and collar. The other part of the wheel block has an initially formed rim containing a cylindrical shoulder. The volume of the shoulder is generally equal to or greater than the volume of the rim of the finished wheel. The next step in the forging process is to roll the rim onto a mandrel. The final step in using the forging process is to calibrate the rim.

[0004] However, manufacturing methods using forging have limited applicability because the initial wheel block must be of a specific design (shape). Furthermore, hot rolling conditions cannot be optimized given the structure and mechanical properties of the original wheel block. Due to these disadvantages, the process yield is limited, and a large amount of metal scrap is generated. For example, when hot rolling is applied to a cylindrical portion of a wheel having a diameter approximately equal to the diameter of a mandrel, the unrolled portion of the rim is constantly displaced. In addition, hot rolling requires additional equipment capacity and requirements because the surface in contact with the mandrel is exposed to frictional forces. It is necessary to be able to add inventory so that the equipment reduces the speed of hot rolling and does not create a neck (a smaller thickened area) in the rolled or middle part of the wheel. further,
To solve the incidental problems associated with other steps of the method, it is necessary to use additional calibration steps in the process. The addition of a calibration step increases wheel production time and labor costs. In addition, the additional calibration step typically increases metal consumption, which occurs because it is difficult to calibrate the wheel solely by local metal redistribution. For example, thinning or thickening certain parts of the wheel causes a displacement of the metal part of the shaped wheel profile, similar to a flash in forging.

[0005] The above and other aspects, advantages and salient features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Throughout the drawings and disclosed embodiments of the present invention, the same reference characters indicate the same parts.

Description of the Invention [0006] Wheels made according to the present invention, for example using a hot rolling method for permanent deformation, exhibit very good final wheel mechanical properties. The present invention has the increased technical latitude for wheel manufacturing and has the advantage of improving productivity and quality and reducing manufacturing costs. These benefits are realized by applying new manufacturing methods for vehicle wheels.

[0007] As implemented by the present invention, the method comprises the manufacture of a wheel block,
The wheel block has a central portion of the wheel, an intermediate portion, and a preformed or initially formed rim. The rim is stretched by hot rolling to obtain a profile close to the profile of the finished wheel, and the wheel is finalized.

[0008] At least some, or alternatively, all of the rim rolling is performed from the inside or outside of the wheel block. The wheel block may be any particulate microstructure. The conditions of hot rolling temperature and strain ratio should correspond to the particle microstructure of the wheel block. To achieve this during wheel block manufacturing, the shape and size of the rim is adapted to the structure of the wheel to be shaped. For coarse-grained microstructures, such as those resulting from a casting process, the shape of the rim has a shoulder with a greater thickness than the finished wheel. Any thickness difference may be due to at least one of the recrystallized and polygonalized microstructures in most rims as a result of the stretching operation in rolling or, alternatively, as a result of heat treatment and both. This microstructure can be changed sufficiently. The shape of the rim has a shoulder or flange with a thickness close to that of the finished wheel, for fine-grained microstructures.

[0009] For the microstructure of mixed particles, it can retain the partially recrystallized and polygonized casting microstructure, but the shape of the rim is the shoulder and intermediate wheel portion and the finished wheel Includes flange connections of equal or greater thickness.
For a rim with a coarse-grained microstructure, the diameter of the face to the mandrel is different from the diameter of the working face of the mandrel. The difference in diameter allows the wheel block to slide onto the mandrel. Hot rolling is achieved by at least a single transition (step).

[0010] In the application of this method, the following technical experimental approach is envisaged, as implemented by the present invention. When manufacturing a wheel block by casting, the rim is formed into a cylindrical shoulder shape having a thickness of 2 to 5 times the thickness of the finished wheel. The diameter of the wheel block surface facing the mandrel differs by no more than 2% of the diameter of the working surface of the mandrel. The temperature of the hot rolling step is in a temperature range of 0.6 to 0.88 of the melting point T _melt . The distortion ratio of the hot rolling step is in the range of 10 ⁻³ to 10 ¹ S ⁻¹ .

The wheel block can be manufactured by a forging method in a temperature range (0.6 to 0.88) of the melting point T _melt , and the distortion is not less than 60%. The rim is 1 more than the thickness of the finished wheel
. It is made in a shape with a flange with a thickness of 1 to 1.5 times larger. Hot rolling of the rim is performed at a temperature not higher than the forging temperature and with a strain ratio of 10 ^-1 to 10 ² S ^-1 by projections of the rim arranged in the mandrel.

The wheel block, as implemented according to the invention, has a melting point T _melt (0
. 6 to 0.88) in a forging process at a temperature range of 40 to 50.
%. The rim has a conical, plate-like, flange, 3
It has a tilt angle of 0 to 45 ° and a thickness 1.6 to 2.0 times larger than the thickness of the finished wheel. The hot rolling of the rim is performed at a temperature not higher than the forging temperature and 10 ^-1 to 1
This is performed with a distortion ratio of 0 ¹ S ⁻¹ . For double sided wheels, hot rolling of the first formed rim is performed during the transition in each direction using a single step or two coaxial mandrels.

Furthermore, the wheel block, as implemented according to the invention, has a melting point T _mel
It can be manufactured by a forging process in a temperature range of _t (0.6 to 0.88), and the distortion is 4
0 to 50%. The rim is made as a connection between the flange and the shoulder. The shoulder faces a short part of the rim relative to the center. The hot rolling process is performed on two coaxial mandrels with a single transition (step) in each direction at a temperature not exceeding the forging temperature and a strain ratio of 10 ^-1 to 10 ¹ S ^-1 . The rolling of the flange is performed by projections located in the mandrel.

The wheel block can be manufactured in a casting process, as implemented according to the invention. The rim has a conical flange, has an inclination of 20-25 ° to the axis,
It has a thickness that is 2.0 to 2.5 times greater than the thickness of the finished wheel. Hot rolling of the rim occurs during two transitions. The first transition is (0.
At a T _melt of 6 to 0.88), a smooth reduction in thickness is achieved with a mandrel to 1.1 to 1.5, and the strain is performed at a strain ratio of 10 ⁻² to 10 ⁻¹ S ⁻¹ . The second transition is at a temperature not exceeding the first transition temperature and at least 10
^This is performed with a distortion ratio of ^-1 S ^-1 .

[0015] The wheel block, as implemented by the present invention, can be manufactured from a billet in a forging process, the billet having a particulate structure with an average particle size not exceeding 15 microns. The particulate structure has a billet volume of at least 50%.
The forging step is performed under isothermal conditions with a strain ratio of 10 ^-1 to 10 ⁴ S ^-1 .

In a final processing step, the heating of the wheels in the quenching process can be combined with the heating of the wheel blocks for hot rolling. Heating of the wheel block for hot rolling can be combined with heating of the billet for forging. Alternatively, the heating of the wheels in the final quench step may be combined with the heating of the billet for hot rolling.

Generally, forging is performed at a strain ratio in the range of 10 ¹ to 10 ⁴ S ⁻¹ . These strain ratios result in enhanced, often maximal, dynamic, natural recrystallization.

Hot rolling is usually performed on a mandrel, which has a working surface temperature equal to the wheel deformation temperature. The billet can be heated to a temperature below the deformation temperature.

Alternatively, hot rolling is usually performed on a mandrel, the mandrel having a working surface temperature lower than the deformation temperature of the wheel.

The method described above extends the technical method for manufacturing wheels from wheel blocks with different microstructures and regular structures, as implemented by the present invention. These different microstructures and conventional structures are obtained by several methods, such as casting, thermal deformation and powder metallurgy. In turn, these methods are achieved by applying several technical approaches, such as pre-set thermodynamic conditions based on the final structure of the wheel block, for example hot rolling using its shape and size. It has been.

In the wheel block that will be made by the casting process, the shape and thickness of the rim should be such that it has a structure with sufficient mechanical properties after hot rolling.
Selected. This structure with sufficient mechanical properties is achieved by selecting a rim having a shoulder shape. The thickness of the shoulder is 2-5 times greater than the thickness of the rim of the finished wheel. In addition, the wheel blocks are fitted on the mandrel with a minimal gap, alternatively with a small interference fit between them. This fit increases the frictional force between the wheel blocks on the mandrel as it moves. Therefore, larger deformations are possible. In turn, this process results in deformation of the polygonized or recrystallized microstructure in the wheel after at least one deformation and quenching heating operation. In order to improve the process of microstructure conversion, a deformation temperature of (0.6 to 0.88) T _melt and a strain ratio of 10 ⁻³ to 10 ¹ S ⁻¹ are used.

In the elongation processing step of rolling, the thickness of the flange is 2 to 5 times the thickness of the finished wheel.
It is twice. This thickness is the level required for the deformation process and therefore improves the mechanical properties of the finished wheel. As a result, the finished wheel has a rim that is subjected to higher shock stresses and exhibits enhanced properties than the central portion of the finished wheel.

The fit of the wheel blocks with a minimum gap and alternative interference fit slows the hot rolling process. However, in a die-cast structure, the frictional force between the wheel block and the mandrel improves the stressed condition and increases the deformation characteristics of the wheel block. Thus, economic benefits are provided by wheel block manufacturing using simple productive methods such as die casting.

As implemented by the present invention, wheel blocks made in the forging process result in a microstructure with a high level of mechanical properties. Certain elements of the forging method minimize contact friction between adjacent parts as compared to the wheel block manufacturing methods described above. These factors include the shape of the wheel block flange, the relatively small flange thickness which is only 1.1 to 1.5 times greater than the thickness of the finished wheel, and the fit of the wheel block on a mandrel with a relatively large gap. Combinations include hot rolling and the like, such as, for example, a rolling press of the flange on the mandrel, by projection of the flange into the mandrel. The presence of the deformed structure in the wheel block allows the rolling speed to be increased due to the reduced flow of stress in the material and greater formability. Thus, as implemented by the present invention,
The quality of the finished wheel is enhanced by forging and hot rolling processes. Cost savings also result from using this process, as implemented by the present invention.

The shoulder shape of the wheel block has been discussed in the description of the present invention. Forged wheel blocks are more expensive than finished wheels made by casting because of the costs associated with hot rolling. This process combines hot rolling with low cost casting of wheel blocks, as implemented by the present invention. Alternatively, this process links the forged wheel block to a less expensive hot rolling step, as implemented by the present invention. Therefore,
The combination of properties, as implemented by the present invention, makes this process economically attractive for molding any wheel block structure. Therefore, the choice of the deformation conditions according to the required structure for the wheel block provides a finished wheel with high quality and the required properties. For wheels with double sides,
It is necessary to provide a high level of mechanical properties on both sides of the rim. Hot rolling may be provided on a single step or on two coaxial mandrels.

The starting material for the wheel block can vary. The starting material, as discussed above, is selected by the microstructure corresponding to the required microstructure of the final wheel. Examples for materials within the scope of the present invention will now be discussed. These examples are merely representative and do not limit the invention in any way.

For the first material with a coarse-grained microstructure, the strain ratio is 10^-1-10¹
S^-1Selected below. For the microstructure of the microparticles, the strain ratio is 10^-1~ 1
0²S^-1Selected above.

If the starting material has a coarse-grained microstructure with low formability, it will lead to cracking and degradation of the material during hot rolling, the rim will be made in the form of a conical flange and a two step process Is processed. In a first step, the conical flange is rolled, for example by rolling on a conical mandrel. In the second step, the rim is finished by being molded with a projection of the first conical flange onto a mandrel with the required final wheel shape. If the alloy has a coarse-grained microstructure, this treatment reduces the strain ratio in the first step,
It prevents defects in the mandrel and prevents degradation in two steps.

If the initial material has a microstructure of fines in the billet of the wheel block prior to forging and the fines contain at least 50% of the volume of the billet, the fines will be superplastic. Create deformation under conditions. These conditions are (0.6-0)
. 88) Made by the temperature of T _melt and the strain ratio of 10 ⁻¹ to 10 ⁻⁴ S ⁻¹ . The use of deformation under superplastic conditions reduces the energy consumption during forging, which is generally associated with mechanical performance. At the same time, the use of deformation under superplastic conditions provides a molded part of the rim, which is shaped during hot rolling, as close as possible to the shape of the finished wheel. In addition, deformation under this superplastic condition reduces the total amount of metal rolled by the rollers, and generally reduces labor costs.

Performing a molding and quenching operation during one heating operation reduces the cycle time of the wheel manufacturing operation. The highest plastic temperature range of the alloy with the fine particle structure is
For example, alloys based on aluminum shift to higher temperature regions.
This suggests that deformation may be tolerated without degradation at the temperatures used for heating and quenching.

Forging in a temperature range of (0.7-0.88) T _melt and a strain ratio of 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-1 S ^-1 provides for dynamic recrystallization of the metal. This dynamic recrystallization causes the formation of a particulate microstructure in the alloy. The presence of a recrystallized microstructure of fine particles increases the strain ratio during hot rolling, thus reducing energy consumption. The presence of a particulate microstructure in the finished wheel results in better mechanical properties therein.

The most widely used material for manufacturing wheels is an aluminum alloy. But,
The disclosed technical process can be used to manufacture wheels using materials selected from alloys based on titanium and barium.

FIGS. 1 to 7 show the following parts, as implemented according to the invention. Wheel block 1; Holder 2; Mandrel 3; Roll 4; Second mandrel 5 which rotates in both directions; The wheel blocks shown in FIGS. It is already clear.

An application will now be discussed, as implemented by the present invention. These examples are merely representative and do not limit the invention in any way.

Example 1 Since the wheel block for hot rolling is made of an AB alloy and is formed by a die casting process, the wheel block has a coarse particle microstructure. Particle size is in the range of 5,000 to 10,000 microns. The wheel block is made by a rim in the shape of a cylindrical shoulder (eg, FIG. 8),
It has a width of 5 mm. The rim diameter fits into a 283 mm diameter mandrel in the wheel block. The gap between the rim and the mandrel is between 0.1 and 0.2 mm. In the hot rolling process, the temperature is 440 to 460 ° C., the strain ratio is 10 ⁻² to 10 ⁻¹ S ⁻¹ , and the strain is 6 in a single transition (step) in one direction on the outside.
It is performed according to the system of FIG. 1 at 0-70%. The hot rolling process is performed for 7 minutes. A heat treatment is then performed, followed by a quench and an artificial aging step. Hot-rolled wheels are mechanically treated. As implemented by the present invention, made according to the process and system described above, the finished wheel
2 shows a deformed microstructure without defects.

Example 2 The wheel block for hot rolling is made of ABr alloy,
Produced by a hot forging process under superplastic conditions at a temperature of 520 ° C. and a strain ratio of 10 ⁻² to 10 ⁻³ S ⁻¹ . According to the second embodiment, these wheel blocks are 1
Made from billets showing a particle size not exceeding 5 microns. The microstructure makes up 80% of the billet volume. Each wheel block is molded by a rim having a flange (FIG. 9) with a thickness of 12 mm. The wheel blocks are assembled on a mandrel without cooling or extra heating. Hot rolling is performed in a single transition (step) outside the unidirectional wheel block by means of a projection on the rim facing the mandrel. The distortion ratio is 10 ^-1 to 10 ^-2 S ^-1 and the average distortion is 20%. The procedure is performed according to the system of FIG. The time required for hot rolling is 1.5 minutes. After the molding process, the wheels made are quenched and cooled,
Finished through artificial aging and mechanical treatment.

Example 3 Wheel block is made of AB alloy and made by die casting
. Wheel blocks have a coarse-grained microstructure with a particle size of 5,000 to 10,000 microns
have. These wheel blocks consist of a cylindrical show with a thickness of 25 mm.
It is made to include a rim with a rudder (as shown in FIG. 8). Wheel
When the block fits into a 283 mm diameter mandrel, the rim and
The diameter of the rim is such that the gap between the rels is in the range of 0.1-0.2 mm
It is molded. Hot rolling process is a single transition in one direction inside
In (step), the temperature is 440 to 460 ° C., and the strain ratio is 10^-2-10^-1S^-1
, With a distortion of 60-70%. This procedure is performed according to the system of FIG.
The hot rolling process is performed for 6 minutes. After that, heat treatment is performed and quenching
And an artificial aging step. Hot rolled wheels are mechanical
Processing. Wheels made in accordance with the process and system described above are defect-free
1 shows a shaped microstructure.

Example 4 As implemented by the present invention, the hot rolling wheel block is made of AMr6 alloy and is molded with a shouldered rim (FIG. 4).
As indicated by the dotted line). The wheel block has a thickness of 12 mm obtained in a hot forging process at a temperature of 420 to 450 ° C. and an average strain ratio of 10 ⁻² S ⁻¹ . As a result of dynamic recrystallization, the particulate microstructure formed in the alloy has an average particle size of 10 to 15 microns. Hot rolling process according to the system illustrated in FIG. 4, in a single transition (step) on the one at the inner, with strain ratio 10 ^-1 ~10 ² S ^-1, disposed on the mandrel This is done by the projection of the rim of the wheel block. The hot rolling step is for one minute. Hot-rolled wheels are finished mechanically.

Example 5 As implemented according to the invention, the wheel block for hot rolling is made of AB alloy and is molded by a rim having a cylindrical flange.
The flange has a thickness of 25 mm and an angle with respect to the axis of 20 to 25 ° (FIG. 1).
2). Wheel blocks are made by a die casting process and are rolled in two transitions (steps). In the first transition, hot rolling is performed in one direction on a smooth mandrel at a temperature of 450 ° C. and a strain ratio of 10 ⁻² S ⁻¹ (see FIG. 5), and the thickness of the wheel block drops to 12 mm. In a second transition, the rim is hot-rolled outward in one direction by a projection on the mandrel and has the shape of a finished wheel (see FIG. 2). The second transition is performed at a temperature of 440 ° C. and a strain ratio of 10 ⁻¹ S ⁻¹ . Hot rolled wheels are heat treated (including quenching and artificial aging) and mechanically finished.

Example 6 The wheel block for hot rolling is made of AB alloy and is formed by a die casting process, as implemented according to the invention. The wheel blocks have a coarse particle microstructure with a particle size of 5,000 to 10,000 microns. These wheel blocks are made by rims in the form of cylindrical shoulders (see FIG. 8) and have a width of 25 mm. The diameter of the rim is 283 mm for the wheel block
And the gap between the rim and the mandrel is zero.
. 1 to 0.2 mm. The hot rolling process is performed inside two (steps). In the first transition, the wheel blocks are at temperatures 440-46.
Rolled on a smooth mandrel with a 0 ° C. strain ratio of 10 ⁻² to 10 ⁻¹ S ⁻¹ strain of 60 to 70%. The procedure is performed according to the system of FIG. The rolling time is 6 minutes.
In the second transition, the hot rolling is, as shown in FIG. 4, is performed by the projection in the distortion ratio ^{10 -1 ~10} 2 ^S -1. Total time required for rolling is 7
Minutes. After the hot rolling, a heat treatment including quenching and artificial aging is performed on the wheel block, and the hot-rolled wheel is mechanically finished.

Example 7 The wheel block for hot rolling is made of AMr6 alloy. The wheel block has a shoulder-shaped rim with a thickness of 25 mm. (Figure 1
1) Wheel blocks are made by die casting. The rim diameter is shaped such that when the wheel block fits into a 283 mm diameter mandrel, the gap between the rim and the mandrel is in the range of 0.1-0.2 mm. The hot rolling process is performed on a coaxial mandrel, in both directions on the outside (
(See FIG. 7). A coaxial mandrel makes both rims continuous. The conditions of temperature and strain are the same as in the second embodiment. The hot rolled wheel is then mechanically finished.

Example 8 The wheel block for hot rolling, as implemented by the present invention, is made of 1420 alloy and is molded by the rim of the wheel block, such as a conical flange or plate (see FIG. 10). The wheel block is made by a hot forging process at a temperature of 420 ° C. and a strain ratio of 10 ⁻¹ S ⁻¹ to form a mixed particle microstructure in the wheel block. About 40-60% of this microstructure is 1
It consists of fine particles of a size not exceeding 5 microns. The hot rolling process is performed in a single transition (step) outward in one direction by placing rim projections on the mandrel. Hot rolling step, as shown in FIG. 2, the distortion ratio is ¹⁰ -1 ^{to 10} 2 ^{S -1,} carried out at an average strain of 20%. The time required for hot rolling is 1.5 minutes. Hot rolled wheels are finished through a mechanical process.

Although various embodiments are disclosed herein, it should be understood that various elements can be combined, changed, and improved by those skilled in the art, and that they fall within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood from the description.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a system for hot rolling a wheel block having an outer shoulder portion and a coarse-grained fine structure.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a system for hot rolling a wheel block having an outer flange and a fine-grained microstructure.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a system for hot rolling of a wheel block having a shoulder portion inside and a coarse-grained fine structure.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a system for hot rolling a wheel block having a fine-grained microstructure having a long shoulder portion inside.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of a system for hot rolling a wheel block having a coarse-grained microstructure with a shoulder at the first outer transition on a smooth conical mandrel.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a system for hot rolling wheel blocks having a coarse-grained microstructure with a shoulder at the first transition on the inside onto a smooth cylindrical mandrel.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a system for hot rolling of a wheel block having a coarse-grained fine structure in two directions on the outside.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a wheel block having a shoulder for hot rolling in one direction outside and having a coarse-grained fine structure.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a wheel block having a fine-grained fine structure with a flange on the outside for hot rolling in one direction.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a wheel block having a mixed-grain microstructure having a flange on the outside for hot rolling in one direction.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a wheel block having a shoulder for outside bidirectional hot rolling and having a coarse-grained fine structure.

FIG. 12 is an illustration of a wheel block having a coarse grained microstructure with a shoulder for hot rolling in one direction at an outer first transition.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Utoyashev, Farid Zainulaevich Russian Federation 45,096, Ufa Bashkotstan Shafiwa Street 41 Apartment 5 (72) Inventor Kaibyshev, Oscar Akamovic Russian Federation 450005, Ufa Bashkotstan Renina Street 31/33 Apartment 28 (72) Inventor Trifonov, Wadim Gennadivich Russian Federation 450059 Ufa Bashkotkostan 50 Let SS S.S.A.R. Street 2 Apartment 72F Term ( Reference) 4E087 AA00 BA20 BA24 CA41 CB01 CB04 CB12 DB12 DB14 HA12 HA16 HB03

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A method of manufacturing a wheel for an automobile, comprising: a metal alloy having T _melt ; a central portion of the wheel; and a first formed rim, wherein the shape and dimensions of the rim are formed. Manufacturing wheel blocks corresponding to various desired structures, wheel shaping by hot rolling in at least one step process to shape the rim and obtain a wheel profile with a desired profile close to the profile of the finished wheel Including rolling at least a portion or all of the block, and finalizing the wheels, wherein hot rolling includes hot rolling performed from inside or outside of the wheel block, and the wheel block includes any particulate microstructure. Also, the temperature distortion rate condition of hot rolling, when manufacturing the wheel block, The rim has at least one of a cylindrical or conical surface if the wheel block microstructure is sufficient to provide the desired final wheel block granular microstructure and the wheel block microstructure includes a coarse-grained microstructure formed by die casting. Have shoulders, each having a thickness greater than the thickness of the finished wheel, the difference in thickness being the result of at least one of elongation and heat treatment, resulting in a recrystallized microstructure and a polygonalized microstructure of the rim. The diameter of the rim surface facing the mandrel is sufficient to convert it into at least one of the structures and the action of the mandrel by an amount sufficient to slide the wheel block over the mandrel If, unlike the surface diameter, the microstructure of the wheel block has a fine-grained microstructure, the rim will A blend having at least one of a shoulder and a flange having a thickness approximately equal to the thickness, wherein the microstructure of the wheel block comprises at least two of a partially recrystallized microstructure, a polygonized microstructure, and a cast grain microstructure. If the wheel block has a grain microstructure and the rim includes at least one of a shoulder, a flange, a combination thereof, and an intermediate portion therebetween, the rim is at least equal to or greater than the thickness of the finished wheel. A method characterized by having a large thickness. 2. The step of making a wheel block includes die-casting the wheel block, the wheel block comprising a rim having a cylindrical shoulder having a thickness of 2 to 5 times the thickness of the finished wheel, and attaching to the mandrel. The diameter of the facing rim surface is less than 2% of the diameter of the working surface of the mandrel and the hot rolling step is performed at a temperature of (0.6-0.88) T _melt , 10 ^-3 to 10 ¹ S The method of claim 1, comprising hot rolling at a strain rate of ^-1 . 3. The method of manufacturing a wheel block, comprising: (0.6 to 0.88) T _{me
at lt} , including forging at 60% strain, the elongating step includes shaping a flange having a thickness of 1.1 to 1.5 times the thickness of the rim of the finished wheel, and the hot rolling step includes: 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: hot rolling at a temperature below the forging temperature at a strain rate of 10 < ^-1 > to 102 < ² > S ^<-1 >; 2. The method according to 1. 4. The method of manufacturing a wheel block, comprising: (0.6 to 0.88) T _me
lt , including forging the wheel block with a strain of 40-50%, wherein the stretching step has an inclination of 30-45 ° to the axis and is 1.6-2.0 times the thickness of the finished wheel The method of claim 1, comprising shaping a rim having a conical flange having the formula: and hot rolling at a temperature below the forging temperature and a strain rate of 10 ^-1 to 10 ¹ S ^-1 . 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the wheel comprises a double-sided rim, and wherein hot rolling the rim comprises performing a one-step operation with two coaxial mandrels. 6. The method of manufacturing a wheel block, comprising: (0.6 to 0.88) T _me
wherein the elongating step includes shaping the flange including the shoulder facing the rim, and the hot rolling step comprises forging the wheel block at a temperature of _lt , a strain of 40-50%. Temperature, 10 ⁻¹ to 10 ¹ S ^−
1 of strain rate, the method comprising hot rolling on two coaxial mandrels in a single step operation in each direction, the flanges hot rolling step, the flange projections to claim 5 which is carried out by placing on a mandrel The described method. 7. The step of making a wheel block includes die-casting the wheel block, the step of elongating having an angle of inclination of 20 to 25 ° with respect to the axis and a thickness of 2.0 to 2 of the thickness of the rim of the finished wheel. The hot rolling step comprises stretching at least two hot rolling steps, the first hot rolling step comprising the steps of: stretching a wheel block having a thickness of 1.1 times;
(0.6-0.8) using a smooth mandrel to reduce to
8) hot rolling at a temperature T _melt of 10 ⁻² to 10 ⁻¹ S ^{−1 at} a strain rate of 8), wherein the second hot rolling step is performed at a temperature less than the temperature of the first hot rolling step. The method of claim 1, comprising hot rolling at a strain rate of 10 ⁻¹ S ⁻¹ or higher. 8. The forging step comprises forging a billet having a fine particle microstructure having an average particle size of 15 microns or less, wherein the fine particle structure comprises less than 50% by volume of the billet, and the forging step further comprises 10 ^-1 to 10 ^-1 . ^4. The method of claim 3, comprising isothermal forging at a strain rate of 104S- ¹ . 9. The final processing step includes heating the wheels to a temperature sufficient to quench the wheels, wherein heating the wheels for quenching heats the wheel blocks during a hot rolling step. The method of claim 1, comprising: 10. The method of claim 8, wherein heating the wheel block for hot rolling comprises heating the billet for a forging step. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein heating the wheel block for hot rolling includes heating the billet for a forging step. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the hot rolling step includes hot rolling on the mandrel, the mandrel having a working surface heated to a deformation temperature, and wherein the wheel block is heated to a temperature below the deformation temperature. The method described in. 13. The hot rolling step includes hot rolling on a mandrel, the mandrel having a heated working surface, the working surface being heated to a temperature below the deformation temperature of the wheel block. The method described in. 14. Hot rolling step, sufficient 10 ¹ to provide at least one of the dynamic recrystallization of the microstructure of the wheel block and natural recrystallization ~
^4. The method of claim 3, comprising forging at a strain rate of 104S- ¹ . 15. Hot rolling step, sufficient 10 ¹ to provide at least one of the dynamic recrystallization of the microstructure of the wheel block and natural recrystallization ~
^4. The method of claim 3, comprising forging at a strain rate of 104S- ¹ . 16. Hot rolling step, sufficient 10 ¹ to provide at least one of the dynamic recrystallization of the microstructure of the wheel block and natural recrystallization ~
The method of claim 4, comprising forging at a strain rate of 10 ⁴ S ^-1.