JP2002337001A - Blank guide device and automatic lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attain highly accurate forming of products by automatically adjusting an inner diameter dimension of a blank supporting part of a guide bush at multiple stages in a blank guide device. SOLUTION: This blank guide device 10 has a working member 52 for elastically deforming the blank supporting part of the guide bush in a diametrical direction, and a driving part 12 for driving the working member 52. The driving part 12 has a pair of cylinder devices 62, 64 which can position and retain an output shaft 98 at three or more positions. An intermediate member 68 linearly moves to a fixing member 66 by selectively supplying working fluid to pressure receiving chambers 74, 76 through a first solenoid selector valve 84 in the first cylinder device 62. A movable member 70 straightly moves to the intermediate member 68 by selectively supplying the working fluid to pressure receiving chambers 88, 90 through a second solenoid selector valve 96 in the second cylinder device 64. The driving part 12 transmits the rectilinear output to the working member 52 through the output shaft 98 and a bearing device 100.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a material guide device for supporting a material to be processed in the vicinity of a portion to be processed. Further, the present invention relates to an automatic lathe provided with a material guide device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A machine tool such as an NC lathe capable of performing various types of automatic turning (collectively referred to as an automatic lathe in this specification) is installed on a lathe machine base in the vicinity of a working position of a tool, and has a spindle. Rod-shaped workpiece material gripped by
There is known a device provided with a material guide device as an auxiliary support device for supporting a rod member near a processing portion at the tip thereof. The material guide device generally includes a guide bush having a hollow cylindrical material support portion that can be elastically deformed in the radial direction, and an operating mechanism that elastically deforms the material support portion of the guide bush in the radial direction.

A conventional material guide device includes a fixed type guide bush fixedly disposed on a high-speed rotating bar during turning, and a rotary type guide bush capable of rotating at a high speed together with the bar. Those provided are appropriately selected and used. In either configuration, the material guide device supports the bar by the material supporting portion so that the bar does not run out during the turning process, thereby enabling the product to be formed with high precision.

[0004] On the other hand, in a conventional automatic lathe, in order to supply a machining length portion at the tip of a bar material as a product to a machining operation position, a tool edge is provided at a desired position in the longitudinal direction of the machining length portion during machining. It is known that the main shaft holding the bar moves in the axial direction in order to dispose the bar. In this automatic lathe, the material guide device is provided with both the fixed type and the rotary type with a guide bush, with the bar being centered and supported (that is, the bar is aligned with the axis of rotation). It is required to be able to accurately guide and support the rod material fed in the axial direction by the axial movement of the main shaft.

Therefore, a conventional material guide device inserts a bar to be processed into a guide bush before starting a processing operation,
By manually operating the operating mechanism, the inner diameter of the material support portion of the guide bush is finely adjusted to the outer diameter of the bar (round bar, square bar) to be processed, and the centering of the bar is supported. Both axial guidance support can be achieved. Generally, such pre-adjustment work is time-consuming, and requires skill of an operator to increase the adjustment accuracy.

A multifunctional automatic lathe capable of performing a secondary machining process using a rotating tool while the bar is stationary, in addition to a normal turning process while feeding the bar in the axial direction. , The material guide device can guide and support the bar without interrupting the bar feed operation in the ordinary turning process, and in the secondary machining process, the bar is firmly fixed against the cutting resistance It needs to be sustainable. In order to respond to such a demand, a drive unit capable of driving the operating mechanism without interrupting a series of machining operations is provided, and the force (that is, gripping force) applied by the material support of the guide bush to the bar can be automatically adjusted. Such a material guide device has already been proposed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-267901).

In this material guide device, the drive section is provided with a hydraulic cylinder device having a piston connected to the operating mechanism. The hydraulic cylinder device is connected to the hydraulic pump via two different pressure regulating valves that can be switched and connected as appropriate. Therefore, the hydraulic cylinder device drives the piston, that is, the operating mechanism under the oil supply pressure that can be switched in two stages by selecting the pressure adjustment valve, and applies a desired gripping force corresponding to the oil supply pressure to the material supporting portion of the guide bush. Can be demonstrated.

[0008]

The above-described known material guide device having a gripping force adjusting function adjusts the gripping force of the guide bush by switching the operating pressure of a hydraulic cylinder device during a machining operation. Therefore, even during a normal turning process in an automatic lathe, the material supporting portion of the guide bush maintains a state in which the inner peripheral surface is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the bar. Therefore, a frictional resistance is generated between the inner peripheral surface of the material supporting portion and the outer peripheral surface of the bar in accordance with the bar feeding operation. In addition, during the normal turning process, the gripping force of the guide bush is weak, so that it is difficult to stably support the bar material against the cutting resistance, and as a result, there is a concern that machining accuracy may be reduced. .

[0009] By the way, as a bar material processed by an automatic lathe, a drawn material (round bar) drawn to a predetermined diameter is used as it is, or an outer peripheral surface of the drawn material is ground to improve the outer diameter dimensional accuracy. In some cases, an improved abrasive is used. Generally, drawn material is cheaper than abrasive material,
As it is, the accuracy of the outer diameter is low and the variation of the outer diameter in a single drawn material in the longitudinal direction and the variation of the outer diameter between a large number of drawn materials having the same nominal diameter are not only large, but also in the longitudinal direction. Some have undulations or bends along.

When a drawn material is used as a bar in a spindle moving type automatic lathe, even if the inner diameter of the material supporting portion of the guide bush is adjusted in advance, the outer diameter of the drawn material in the longitudinal direction is adjusted. Due to the variation and bending of the rod, the inner peripheral surface of the material support part may be pressed or cut into the outer peripheral surface of the rod while feeding the rod in the axial direction, and a large amount of frictional resistance may be applied to the rod. is there. Due to this frictional resistance, if a bar slides in the axial direction between the bar holding chuck installed at the tip of the spindle and the bar during bar feeding, the bar feed distance is set as set. No longer obtainable, the error in the length dimension of the processed product tends to increase. Conversely, if the rod has a portion smaller in diameter than the inner diameter of the material support portion of the guide bush adjusted in advance, the outer diameter of the rod and the inner peripheral surface of the material support are reduced by the small diameter portion. Unnecessary gaps are generated between them, and as a result, the support of the bar by the guide bush becomes unstable, and it tends to be difficult to form the product with high precision.

In the above-described known material guide device having a gripping force adjusting function, when such a drawn material is to be supported, if the oil supply pressure of the hydraulic cylinder device can be switched in more stages, the outer diameter size can be changed. It may be possible to adjust the gripping force of the guide bush according to the variation of the guide bush. However, in such a configuration, when the frictional resistance during bar feeding in the normal turning process increases, the gripping force by the guide bush is further reduced, and there is a concern that the processing accuracy is further reduced. You.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a material guide device installed on an automatic lathe without requiring the skill of an operator and without interrupting a series of machining operations.
Provided is a material guide device capable of automatically adjusting the inner diameter of a material supporting portion of a guide bush in multiple steps, and realizing high-precision processing of a product at any stage of the inner diameter of the material supporting portion. It is in.

Another object of the present invention is to suppress the wear and deterioration of various components of a material guide device itself and an automatic lathe equipped with the material guide device, thereby increasing the life of the components and reducing maintenance costs. The object of the present invention is to provide a material guide device capable of performing the following. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance automatic lathe provided with such a material guide device and capable of forming a product with high accuracy and efficiency.

[0014]

In order to achieve the above object, an invention according to claim 1 is a guide bush having a hollow cylindrical material support portion which is elastically deformable in a radial direction, and a guide bush material. In a material guide device including an operation mechanism that elastically deforms a support portion in a radial direction and a drive unit that drives the operation mechanism, the drive unit includes a fluid pressure device that can position and hold an output shaft at at least three positions. And a material guide device wherein the material support portion of the guide bush is selectively positioned and held at at least three radial positions by the fluid pressure device driving the operating mechanism via the output shaft. .

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the material guide device according to the first aspect, the fluid pressure device includes a plurality of cylinder devices arranged in series, and the plurality of cylinder devices include one cylinder device. A material guide device in which a piston of a cylinder device and a cylinder of another cylinder device are integrally connected and operate in association with each other, and a piston of a last-stage cylinder device is integrally connected to an output shaft. I will provide a.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the material guide device according to the second aspect, wherein each of the plurality of cylinder devices is a double-acting cylinder device.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the material guide device according to the second or third aspect, wherein the plurality of cylinder devices have different operation strokes.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the material guide apparatus according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, further comprising a stroke adjusting mechanism for adjusting an operation stroke of each of the plurality of cylinder devices. A guide device is provided. According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the material guide device according to any one of the second to fifth aspects, the operation of the plurality of cylinder devices is controlled by monitoring the operation position of each of the plurality of cylinder devices. Thus, a material guide device further provided with a position monitoring control mechanism for positioning the output shaft at an optimum position is provided.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a material guide device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the material guide device is incorporated in an automatic lathe provided with a spindle feed driving device. Provided is a material guide device that further includes an output monitoring control mechanism that controls an operation of a fluid pressure device by monitoring fluctuations to position an output shaft of the fluid pressure device at an optimum position.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the material guide device according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, the operating mechanism includes an operating member movable in the axial direction of the guide bush, The device provides a material guide device that moves the operating member in the axial direction by the direct movement of the output shaft. According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an automatic lathe wherein the material guide device according to any one of the first to eighth aspects is installed near a material processing operation position.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar components are denoted by common reference numerals. Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a material guide device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention mounted on an automatic lathe, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a driving unit 12 of the material guide device 10. It is sectional drawing. In an automatic lathe, the material guide device 10 is installed on a lathe machine table in the vicinity of a working position of a tool as an auxiliary support device for supporting a bar material gripped by a main spindle near a portion to be machined at the tip thereof. Things.

The material guide device 10 includes a guide bush 16 having a hollow cylindrical material support portion 14 elastically deformable in the radial direction, an operating mechanism 18 for elastically deforming the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 in the radial direction. , And a drive unit 12 that drives the operation mechanism 18. As will be described later, the guide bush 16 has a configuration of a rotary type guide bush that can rotate at a high speed together with a rod material received therein during the turning process in the automatic lathe, and thus the center axis thereof constitutes the rotation axis 16a. .

The guide bush 16 has a hollow cylindrical base 20 extending in the axial direction about the rotation axis 16a, and is integrally adjacent to an axial front end (left end in FIG. 1) of the base 20. A material support portion 14 for centering and supporting a bar material processed by an automatic lathe is formed coaxially. A male screw portion 22 is formed along an outer peripheral surface of the base portion 20 at a rear end (right end in FIG. 1) in the axial direction away from the material support portion 14. Also, between the material support portion 14 and the male screw portion 22,
A single keyway 24 is formed along the outer peripheral surface of the base 20 at an arbitrary center angle position in the axial direction.

The material supporting portion 14 has a slit structure capable of elastically changing the inner diameter with respect to the rotation axis 16a. A plurality of slits 26 are formed in the cylindrical wall over a predetermined length in the axial direction. Is engraved. The slits 26 are radially formed with respect to the rotation axis 16a and are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and form vertical split pieces 28 that are elastically displaceable in the radial direction like leaf springs between adjacent slits 26, respectively. .
The longitudinal halves 28 have arcuate curved surfaces on their respective inner surfaces, which cooperate with each other to form a substantially cylindrical material support surface 30 of the material support 14.

The material supporting portion 14 reduces the inner diameter of the material supporting surface 30 (ie, reduces the diameter) by uniformly applying an external force inward in the radial direction and elastically bending the plurality of vertical split pieces 28. )it can. In this state, when the radial pressure on the material support portion 14 is reduced, the vertical split pieces 28 are elastically displaced in the restoring direction, and the inner diameter of the material support surface 30 is enlarged (ie, the diameter is increased). As described above, in the guide bush 16, the diameter of the material support surface 30 can be adjusted by adjusting the external force applied to the material support portion 14 inward in the radial direction. On each outer surface of each vertical split piece 28 of the material support portion 14,
A tapered surface 32 for receiving a radially inward external force is formed. The tapered surfaces 32 cooperate with each other to form a truncated cone-shaped pressure receiving surface that gradually expands and extends toward the front end in the axial direction of the material support portion 14.

The guide bush 16 is accommodated concentrically in a hollow cylindrical sleeve member 34. The sleeve member 34 is provided with a detent 36 projecting radially inward at an arbitrary center angle position in an axially central region of the inner peripheral surface thereof,
The guide bush 16 is supported so as to be slidable in the axial direction and relatively non-rotatable in a state where the detent 36 is fitted in the key groove 24 of the guide bush 16.

A frusto-conical working surface 3 engageable with all the tapered surfaces 32 provided on the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is provided in the axial front end region of the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve member 34.
8 are formed. The working surface 38 gradually increases in diameter and extends toward the front end in the axial direction of the sleeve member 34. As a result, the working surface 38 constitutes a pressing surface that comes into contact with all the tapered surfaces 32.

The sleeve member 34 is rotatably accommodated in a hollow cylindrical flange member 42 via a bearing device 40. The flange member 42 is fixed at a predetermined position on a lathe machine base 44 of the automatic lathe, and the sleeve member 34 and the guide bush 16 are integrally rotatable about the rotation axis 16 a via a bearing device 40. To support. An installation hole 47 extending along the rotation axis 46a of the main shaft 46 is formed through the lathe machine base 44 at a predetermined position in front of the main shaft 46 mounted on the automatic lathe in the axial direction. The flange member 42 is fixed to the axial front end region of the installation hole 47 with the rotation axis 16a of the guide bush 16 aligned with the rotation axis 46a of the main shaft 46. In this way, the material guide device 10
Is installed at a predetermined position in front of the spindle 46 in the axial direction, near a working position of a tool 48 mounted on an automatic lathe so as to be capable of performing a feed operation.

A driven gear 50 is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve member 34 in the axial rear end region. Driven gear 5
Reference numeral 0 is connected to a guide bush drive source (not shown) via a power transmission mechanism (not shown), and is driven by the guide bush drive source to rotate at the same rotation speed as the rotation speed of the main shaft 46 mounted on the automatic lathe. As a result, when performing turning with an automatic lathe, the driven gear 50 and the sleeve member 3
The guide bush 4 and the guide bush 16 integrally rotate inside the flange member 42 at the same rotation speed as the rotation speed of the main shaft 46.

The operating mechanism 18 of the material guide device 10 includes a hollow cylindrical operating member 52 that is concentrically housed in the axial rear end region of the sleeve member 34. A female screw portion 54 that is screwed to the male screw portion 22 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the base portion 20 of the guide bush 16 is formed in the axial front end region of the inner peripheral surface of the operating member 52. The operating member 52 has its axial rear region extended from the sleeve member 34 and is housed in the sleeve member 34 so as to be rotatable and axially movable. Therefore, when the operating member 52 is rotated in the sleeve member 34 while being fixed in the axial direction, the guide bush 16 moves in the axial direction inside the sleeve member 34 by the feed screw structure. As a result, the pressure generated between the entire tapered surface 32 of the guide bush 16 and the working surface 38 of the sleeve member 34 fluctuates, and the inner diameter of the material support 14 changes.

The operating member 52 concentrically houses a hollow cylindrical locking member 56 capable of receiving the bar to be processed. The locking member 56 has an outer peripheral surface capable of slidingly contacting the inner peripheral surface of the operating member 52, and under a frictional force generated between the operating member 52 and the locking member 56 by tightening the holding plate 58, It is fixedly connected to the operating member 52. The locking member 56 has a key 60 projecting forward in the axial direction at an arbitrary center angle position at the front end in the axial direction. The key 60 of the locking member 56 is fitted in a key groove (not shown) provided in the male screw portion 22 of the base 20 of the guide bush 16. Therefore, in a state where the holding plate 58 is tightened, the locking member 56 prevents unnecessary rotation of the operating member 52 with respect to the guide bush 16, thereby preventing an inadvertent inner diameter change of the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16. Block.

The drive unit 12 of the material guide device 10 includes a fluid pressure device capable of positioning and holding the output shaft at at least three positions. In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid pressure device comprises a pair of cylinder devices 62, 64 arranged in series with each other. The first cylinder device 62 includes an annular fixing member 66 fixed to the lathe machine base 44 of the automatic lathe;
An annular intermediate member 68 concentrically disposed radially inside the fixing member 66 and connected to the fixing member 66 so as to be movable in the axial direction.
And The second cylinder device 64 includes an intermediate member 68
And an annular movable member 70 concentrically arranged radially inside the intermediate member 68 and connected to the intermediate member 68 so as to be movable in the axial direction.

In the first cylinder device 62, the fixing member 66 and the intermediate member 68 are in close contact with each other via a plurality of seal members 72, and are connected to each other so as to be relatively slidable in the axial direction by a predetermined distance. The fixing member 66 and the intermediate member 68 functionally constitute a cylinder tube and a piston, respectively, and form a pair of pressure receiving chambers 74 and 76 between which the fluid cannot flow. Ports 78 and 80 communicate with the pressure receiving chambers 74 and 76, respectively, so that fluid can flow therethrough. A hydraulic pump 82 and a first electromagnetic switching valve 84 are connected to the ports 78 and 80 (FIG. 2). First cylinder device 62
The intermediate member 68 moves linearly with respect to the fixed member 66 by the pressure of the hydraulic oil selectively supplied to the pressure receiving chambers 74 and 76 via the first electromagnetic switching valve 84. Here, the linear movement stroke of the intermediate member 68 is determined by the shapes and dimensions of the fixed member 66 and the intermediate member 68.

In the second cylinder device 64,
The intermediate member 68 and the movable member 70 are connected to the plurality of seal members 8.
6, and are connected to each other so as to be relatively slidable by a predetermined distance in the axial direction. The intermediate member 68 and the movable member 70 each constitute a cylinder tube and a piston in terms of function, and form a pair of pressure receiving chambers 88 and 90 between which fluid cannot flow. These pressure receiving chambers 88, 90
Are connected to ports 92 and 94, respectively, so that fluid can flow therethrough. A hydraulic pump 82 and a second electromagnetic switching valve 96 are connected to both ports 92 and 94 (FIG. 2). The second cylinder device 64 is connected to the pressure receiving chambers 88 and 9 via the second electromagnetic switching valve 96.
The movable member 70 moves linearly with respect to the intermediate member 68 by the pressure of the hydraulic oil selectively supplied to zero. Here, the linear movement stroke of the movable member 70 is determined by the shapes and dimensions of the intermediate member 68 and the movable member 70.

As described above, the first and second cylinder devices 62 and 64 constituting the drive unit 12 are both double-acting cylinder devices in terms of function, and the piston of the first cylinder device 62 and the second cylinder The cylinder tube of the device 64 is integrally connected (ie, constituting the intermediate member 68) and operates in conjunction with each other. Second cylinder device 6
The piston 4 or the movable member 70 has a hollow cylindrical extension 98 extending integrally in the axial direction inside the intermediate member 68 and the fixed member 66. The extension portion 98 of the movable member 70 constitutes an output shaft of the drive unit 12, and is linearly moved in the axial direction by the operation of each of the cylinder devices 62 and 64, as described later.

First and second cylinder devices 62 and 64
Is a fixing hole 66 provided in the lathe machine base 44 for the fixing member 66.
Is fixed at a predetermined position on the lathe machine base 44 by surrounding and fixing the opening at the rear in the axial direction. At this time, the extension portion 98 of the movable member 70 is inserted into the installation hole 47 in a non-contact manner, and is coaxially arranged on the rotation axis 16 a of the guide bush 16. And the movable member 70
Is the axial front end region of the extension 98 and the bearing device 10
0, it is connected to the axial rear end region of the operating member 52 so as to be rotatable and immovable in the axial direction.

In this manner, the drive unit 12 transmits the linear motion output to the operating member 52 via the extended portion 98 of the movable member 70, which is the output shaft, and the bearing device 100, and connects the operating member 52 to the guide bush. 16 in the axial direction.
The axial movement of the operating member 52 is transmitted to the guide bush 16 by the engagement between the female screw portion 54 and the male screw portion 22 of the guide bush 16. Thereby, as described later, the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is selectively positioned and held at at least three radial positions.
Since the bearing device 100 needs to accurately transmit the linear motion output of the drive unit 12 to the operating mechanism 18, it is advantageous to employ an angular bearing or a thrust bearing.

In the illustrated embodiment, the material guide device 10
Further includes a stroke adjusting mechanism for adjusting the operation stroke of each of the first and second cylinder devices 62 and 64. The stroke adjusting mechanism includes a first stopper 102 attached to the fixed member 66 of the first cylinder device 62 so as to be adjustable in position, and a second stopper 10 attached to the intermediate member 68 of the second cylinder device 64 so as to be adjusted in position.
And 4.

The first stopper 102 is fixed to a desired adjustment position of the fixing member 66 on the moving path of the intermediate member 68 with respect to the fixing member 66. Therefore, the first stopper 10
2, while the intermediate member 68 moves relative to the fixed member 66 in the first cylinder device 62, the intermediate member 68 collides with a desired position on the movement path of the intermediate member 68, and the intermediate member 68 is forcibly stopped. Let it. Thus, the linear movement stroke of the intermediate member 68 determined by the shapes and dimensions of the fixing member 66 and the intermediate member 68 is adjusted to a desired amount.

Similarly, the second stopper 104 is connected to the intermediate member 6.
8 on the movement path of the movable member 70 with respect to the intermediate member 68.
At a desired adjustment position. Therefore, while the movable member 70 moves with respect to the intermediate member 68 by the second cylinder device 64, the second stopper 104 collides with the movable member 70 at a desired position on the movement path of the movable member 70, and the movable member 7
0 is forcibly stopped. Thereby, the linear movement stroke of the movable member 70 determined by the shapes and dimensions of the intermediate member 68 and the movable member 70 is reduced and adjusted to a desired amount.

The material guide device 10 is provided with the first and second cylinder devices 6 by the stroke adjusting mechanism described above.
When the operation strokes 2 and 64 are adjusted to different amounts from each other, the inner diameter of the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 can be selected in four stages and held as described later. Also, the first and second cylinder devices 62, 64
If the adjusted motion strokes of
The material guide device 10 can select and hold the inner diameter of the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 in three stages.

Further, in the illustrated embodiment, the material guide device 10 controls the operation of each of the first and second cylinder devices 62 and 64 by monitoring the operation position of each of the first and second cylinder devices 62 and 64. Output shaft (extension 98)
Is provided with a position monitoring control mechanism for positioning the camera at an optimum position. The position monitoring type control mechanism includes a pair of first and second first members which are attached to the intermediate member 68 of the first cylinder device 62 so as to be position adjustable.
The sensors 106a and 106b and the first dog 108 fixedly attached to the fixing member 66 of the first cylinder device 62
And a pair of second sensors 110a and 110 attached to the intermediate member 68 of the second cylinder device 64 so as to be adjustable in position.
b, a second dog 112 fixedly attached to the movable member 70 of the second cylinder device 64, and a first sensor 106
a, 106b and a control device 114 that receives signals from the second sensors 110a, 110b and controls the operation of the cylinder devices 62, 64.

The pair of first sensors 106a and 106b are
At the desired adjustment position of the intermediate member 68, the first cylinder device 6
2 and are fixed to each other by a desired distance corresponding to the linear movement stroke of the intermediate member 68, and move with the intermediate member 68 relative to the fixed member 66 and the first dog 108.
The free end area of the first dog 108 is disposed on the movement path of the first sensors 106a and 106b. First
In the cylinder device 62, when the intermediate member 68 reaches the front end or the rear end of the linear movement stroke, the corresponding one of the first sensors 106a and 106b comes into contact with or close to the first dog 108 and detects the control device 114. Output a signal.
The control device 114 receives the sensing signal and controls the hydraulic pump 82 and the first and second electromagnetic control valves 84 and 96 of the drive unit 12 as described later.

Similarly, a pair of second sensors 110a, 110
Ob is fixed to a desired adjustment position of the intermediate member 68 by being separated from each other by a desired distance corresponding to a linear movement stroke of the movable member 70 in the second cylinder device 64. The second dog 112 has its free end area defined by the second sensor 11.
0a, 110b, and the movable member 70
Together with the intermediate member 68 and the second sensors 110a, 110b
To move against. In the second cylinder device 64, when the movable member 70 reaches the front end or the rear end of the translation stroke, the corresponding one of the second sensors 110a, 110b
Then, the second dog 112 comes into contact with or comes close to, and the second sensors 110a and 110b output a sensing signal to the control device 114. The control device 114 receives the sensing signal and controls the hydraulic pump 82 and the first and second electromagnetic control valves 84 and 96 of the drive unit 12 as described later.

In the automatic lathe according to the illustrated embodiment incorporating the material guide device 10, the main shaft 46 has its rotation axis 46a.
And a spindle feed driving device 116 (FIG. 1) for moving in a direction parallel to. In this configuration, the material guide device 10
An output monitoring type control mechanism that controls the operations of the first and second cylinder devices 62 and 64 by monitoring the output fluctuations in the spindle feed driving device 116 to position the output shaft (extended portion 98) at the optimum position. It is advantageous to have

The output monitoring type control mechanism monitors the fluctuation of the output of the spindle feed driving device 116 and the fluctuation of the output of the rotary driving device 118 of the main shaft 46 during a series of processing steps of the bar. A detection unit 120 is provided (FIG. 1). The output fluctuation detection unit 120 has increased the frictional resistance between the bar material fed in the axial direction and the material support unit 14 of the guide bush 16 due to, for example, non-uniform outer diameter dimensions of the bar material to be processed. Sometimes, an increase in frictional resistance and an increase in cutting resistance are identified from the output fluctuations of the spindle feed driving device 116 and the output fluctuations of the rotary driving device 118, and a detection signal is sent to the control device 114 when an increase in frictional resistance is detected. Is output. The control device 114 receives the detection signal and controls the hydraulic pump 82 and the first and second electromagnetic control valves 84 and 96 of the drive unit 12 as described later.

Next, the operation of the material guide device 10 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. In the following description, the operation stroke of the fluid pressure device of the drive unit 12 is such that the linear movement stroke of the intermediate member 68 in the first cylinder device 62 is larger than the linear movement stroke of the movable member 70 in the second cylinder device 64. It is assumed to be configured as follows. For simplification of the drawings, FIGS. 3 to 6 show the port 7 of each cylinder device 62, 64.
8, 80, 92, 94, and each sensor 106a, 106
2, b, 110a, 110b and the dogs 108, 112 are shown on the same side of the cylinder devices 62, 64, unlike FIG.

FIG. 3 shows that the material supporting portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is moved to the open position (that is, the first
3 shows the operating position of the drive unit 12 when the setting is made to (stage).
In order to realize this operation position, during operation of the hydraulic pump 82, the first electromagnetic switching valve 84 is turned off, for example, to switch to the port 78 side of the first cylinder device 62, and the hydraulic oil is supplied to the pressure receiving chamber. In addition to supplying the hydraulic oil to the pressure receiving chamber 88, the hydraulic oil is supplied to the pressure receiving chamber 88 while the second electromagnetic switching valve 96 is turned off, for example, by turning off the second electromagnetic switching valve 96. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 3, in the first cylinder device 62, the intermediate member 68 is disposed at the front end (left end in the drawing) of the linear movement stroke, and in the second cylinder device 64, the movable member 70 is moved in the linear movement stroke. It is located at the front end (left end in the figure). Accordingly, the extension portion 98 of the movable member 70, which is the output shaft of the drive unit 12, is disposed at the axial front end (left end in the drawing) of the linear movement range, and connects the guide bush 16 via the operating member 52 to the sleeve member. It is held at the front end position in the axial direction within. As a result, the pressure applied radially inward from the sleeve member 34 to the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is minimized, and the material support portion 14 is positioned and held at the open position with the maximum inner diameter.

When the guide bush 16 is set to the above-described first stage open position, the first dog 108 contacts or approaches the first sensor 106a, and the second dog 112 contacts or approaches the second sensor 110a. I do. Accordingly, the first sensor 106a and the second sensor 110a output a sensing signal to the control device 114, and the control device 114 determines that the guide bush 16 is at the open position. In this state, the material guide device 10 can receive the bar gripped by the main shaft 46 of the automatic lathe in the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 without any obstacle (that is, in a non-contact state). Also in this state, depending on the outer diameter of the bar, the bar can be guided and supported in the axial direction along the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 in a non-contact and smooth manner during the machining process. The centering can be stably supported against the cutting resistance by the pressure of the hydraulic oil.

FIG. 4 shows the operation of the drive section 12 when the material support section 14 of the guide bush 16 is set to the first reduced diameter position (ie, the second step) having an inner diameter slightly smaller than the open position. Indicates the position. In order to realize this operating position, the first electromagnetic switching valve 8 is operated while the hydraulic pump 82 is operating.
4 is turned off, for example, to switch to the port 78 side of the first cylinder device 62, and the hydraulic oil is supplied to the pressure receiving chamber 74.
And the second electromagnetic switching valve 96 is turned on, for example, to turn on the port 9 of the second cylinder device 64.
The operation oil is supplied to the pressure receiving chamber 90 by switching to the fourth side. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 4, in the first cylinder device 62, the intermediate member 68 is disposed at the front end (left end in the drawing) of the linear movement stroke, and in the second cylinder device 64, the movable member 70 is moved in the linear movement stroke. It is located at the rear end (right end in the figure). Accordingly, the extended portion 98 of the movable member 70, which is the output shaft of the drive unit 12, is located at a distance α corresponding to the linear movement stroke of the movable member 70 from the axial front end (left end in the figure) of the linear movement range. The operating member 5 is set back
2, the guide bush 16 is held in the sleeve member 34 at a position where the guide bush 16 is retracted backward from the axial front end position by a distance α. As a result, the pressure applied radially inward from the sleeve member 34 to the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 increases beyond the minimum value, and the material support portion 14 is slightly reduced in diameter from the open position in the first reduced diameter position. Is held in position.

When the guide bush 16 is set at the above-described first step of the second step, the first dog 108 is moved to the first position.
The second dog 112 contacts or approaches the sensor 106a, or contacts or approaches the second sensor 110b. Accordingly, the first sensor 106a and the second sensor 110b output a sensing signal to the control device 114, and the control device 114 determines that the guide bush 16 is at the first reduced diameter position. In this state, the material guide device 10 moves the bar gripped by the spindle 46 of the automatic lathe into the guide bush 16 during the machining process.
Along the material support portion 14 in the axial direction without contact and smoothly guide, and the centering support can be stably performed against the cutting resistance by the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the drive portion 12. Further, depending on the outer diameter of the bar, the material support 14 of the guide bush 16 can firmly and firmly hold the bar at a position immediately before reaching the first reduced diameter position.

FIG. 5 shows a driving portion when the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is set to a second reduced diameter position (ie, a third step) having an inner diameter slightly smaller than the first reduced diameter position. 12 illustrates the 12 operating positions. In order to realize this operation position, during operation of the hydraulic pump 82, the first electromagnetic switching valve 84 is turned on, for example, in an on state to switch to the port 80 side of the first cylinder device 62, and the hydraulic oil is supplied to the pressure receiving chamber. The hydraulic oil is supplied to the pressure receiving chamber 88 while being supplied to the pressure receiving chamber 88 while the second electromagnetic switching valve 96 is turned off, for example, by turning off the second electromagnetic switching valve 96. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 5, in the first cylinder device 62, the intermediate member 68 is disposed at the rear end (right end in the figure) of the linear movement stroke, and in the second cylinder device 64, the movable member 70 is moved Front end (left end in the figure)
Placed in Accordingly, the extended portion 98 of the movable member 70, which is the output shaft of the drive unit 12, is moved by a distance β corresponding to the linear movement stroke of the intermediate member 68 from the axial front end (left end in the figure) of the linear movement range. The guide bush 16 is arranged to be retracted, and is
4 and is held at a position pulled backward by a distance β from the axial front end position. As a result, the pressure applied radially inward from the sleeve member 34 to the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 further increases from the minimum value, and the material support portion 14 is slightly reduced in diameter from the first reduced diameter position. It is positioned and held at the position of 2 diameter reduction.

When the guide bush 16 is set at the third reduced diameter position of the third step, the first dog 108 is moved to the first position.
The second dog 112 contacts or approaches the sensor 106b, and the second dog 112 contacts or approaches the second sensor 110a. Accordingly, the first sensor 106b and the second sensor 110a output a sensing signal to the control device 114, and the control device 114 determines that the guide bush 16 is at the second reduced diameter position. In this state, the material guide device 10 moves the bar gripped by the spindle 46 of the automatic lathe into the guide bush 16 during the machining process.
Along the material support portion 14 in the axial direction without contact and smoothly guide, and the centering support can be stably performed against the cutting resistance by the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the drive portion 12. Further, depending on the outer diameter of the bar, the material support 14 of the guide bush 16 can firmly and firmly grip the bar at a position immediately before reaching the second reduced diameter position.

FIG. 6 shows a driving unit when the material supporting portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is set to a third reduced diameter position (ie, a fourth step) having an inner diameter slightly smaller than the second reduced diameter position. 12 illustrates the 12 operating positions. In order to realize this operation position, during operation of the hydraulic pump 82, the first electromagnetic switching valve 84 is turned on, for example, in an on state to switch to the port 80 side of the first cylinder device 62, and the hydraulic oil is supplied to the pressure receiving chamber. In addition to supplying the hydraulic fluid to the pressure receiving chamber 90, the hydraulic fluid is supplied to the pressure receiving chamber 90 while the second electromagnetic switching valve 96 is turned on, for example, in an ON state to switch to the port 94 side of the second cylinder device 64. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 6, in the first cylinder device 62, the intermediate member 68 is disposed at the rear end (right end in the drawing) of the linear movement stroke, and in the second cylinder device 64, the movable member 70 is moved At the end (right end in the figure)
Placed in Accordingly, the extended portion 98 of the movable member 70, which is the output shaft of the drive unit 12, has an axial rear end (the right end in the figure) that is retracted by a distance α + β from the axial front end (the left end in the figure) of the linear motion range. Operating member 5
2, the guide bush 16 is held in the sleeve member 34 at the rear end position in the axial direction where the guide bush 16 is retracted backward from the front end position in the axial direction by the distance α + β. As a result, the pressure applied radially inward from the sleeve member 34 to the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 becomes a maximum value, and the material support portion 14 is slightly reduced in diameter from the second diameter reduction position in the third reduced diameter position. Is held in position.

When the guide bush 16 is set to the third reduced diameter position of the fourth step, the first dog 108 is moved to the first position.
The second dog 112 contacts or approaches the sensor 106b, or contacts or approaches the second sensor 110b. Accordingly, the first sensor 106b and the second sensor 110b output a sensing signal to the control device 114, and the control device 114 determines that the guide bush 16 is at the third reduced diameter position. In this state, the material guide device 10 moves the bar gripped by the spindle 46 of the automatic lathe into the guide bush 16 during the machining process.
Along the material support portion 14 in the axial direction without contact and smoothly guide, and the centering support can be stably performed against the cutting resistance by the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the drive portion 12. Further, depending on the outer diameter of the bar, the material support 14 of the guide bush 16 can firmly and firmly hold the bar at a position immediately before reaching the third reduced diameter position.

According to the above configuration, the material guide device 10
Since the inner diameter of the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 can be changed in four stages, various guide functions can be appropriately selected and exerted on a bar processed by an automatic lathe. For example, the material guide device 10 is a multifunctional type capable of performing a secondary machining process using a rotating tool while the bar is stationary, in addition to a normal turning process while feeding the bar in the axial direction. It can be mounted advantageously on automatic lathes. In this case, during the ordinary turning process, when the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is set to the first-stage open position, the material guide device 10 moves the bar gripped by the main shaft 46 into the material support portion. 14 to guide the bar in a non-contact manner and to support the centering thereof without hindering the bar feed operation by the main shaft 46 when the bar 14 is received without any obstacle and is set at the first reduced diameter position of the second stage. Can be. On the other hand, in the secondary processing step, when the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is set to the second reduced diameter position of the third step, the material support portion 14 is moved immediately before reaching the second reduced diameter position. In contact with the bar, the bar can function to firmly and firmly support the bar at a desired strength against the cutting resistance.

Therefore, in the ordinary turning process, the frictional resistance that can be generated between the material supporting portion 14 of the guide bush 16 and the outer peripheral surface of the bar due to the bar feeding operation can be surely eliminated. It is possible to suppress the wear and deterioration of various components of the automatic lathe on which the material guide device 10 and the lathe itself are mounted, to increase the life of the components, and to reduce the maintenance cost. Also, when the material supporting portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is set to any of the first to fourth stages, the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the driving portion 12 stabilizes the bar against the cutting resistance. Since the centering and support can be performed, it is possible to realize high-precision processing and molding of the product.

Such a multi-stage switching operation of the guide bush 16 in the material guide device 10 is performed, for example, by issuing a command corresponding to a series of machining programs stored in the control device of the automatic lathe to the control device 114 of the drive unit 12 described above. By inputting, a series of processing steps can be automatically performed without interruption. In this case, the control device 11
The functions of (4) can also be incorporated into a control device of an automatic lathe (for example, an NC device).

Further, each cylinder device 62 of the drive unit 12
When adjusting the operation stroke 64, the operation stroke can be further finely adjusted by manually operating the operation member 52, whereby the inner diameter of the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 can be finely adjusted. . In the example of the switching operation described above, before starting the machining process, the rod to be machined is inserted into the material support 14 with the material support 14 of the guide bush 16 set to the first reduced diameter position of the second step. Then, by finely adjusting the inner diameter of the bar, a stable centering support and a smooth guide support of the bar can be simultaneously performed between the material support surface 30 of the material support portion 14 and the outer peripheral surface of the bar. A minute gap on the order can be obtained.

In the above-described switching operation example, the material supporting portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is moved from the open position of the first step to the first contraction of the second step, for example, because the bar to be processed is a drawn material. When the material support portion 14 comes into contact with the bar immediately before reaching the first reduced-diameter position when shifting to the radial position, the first sensor 106a and the second sensor 110b output a sensing signal to the control device 114. Therefore, the control device 114 determines that the guide bush 16 cannot move to the first reduced diameter position. Then, the control device 114 operates the drive unit 12 so as to return the material support unit 14 of the guide bush 16 to the first-stage open position. Thereby, the guide bush 16 functions to guide and center and support the bar in the first stage open position.

The material supporting portion 1 of the guide bush 16
4 moves from the first reduced diameter position of the second step to the second reduced diameter position of the third step, the first sensor 106b and the second sensor 11
When 0a outputs the sensing signal, the controller 114 determines that the guide bush 16 cannot firmly grip the bar at the second reduced diameter position. Then, the control device 114 operates the drive unit 12 so as to shift the material supporting portion 14 of the guide bush 16 to the third reduced diameter position of the fourth step. Thereby, the guide bush 16 functions so as to firmly grip the bar at the third reduced diameter position of the fourth step. It should be noted that the first sensor 106b and the second sensor 110
b outputs a sensing signal, the controller 114 determines that the guide bush 16 cannot firmly grip the bar even at the third reduced-diameter position, and issues an alarm, for example, to issue an alarm.
Stop the operation of.

As described above, according to the material guide device 10, even when a plurality of bars having the same nominal diameter to be machined have a variation in the outer diameter between them, the driving unit described above is used. By the position monitoring operation control of the position 12, a desired guide function can be appropriately exerted on the bars. In this case, if the inner diameter of the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is adjusted to an optimum size in advance, it is not necessary to change the initial setting when replacing the bar.

Further, in the above switching operation example, for example, due to the fact that the bar to be processed is a drawn material,
When the frictional resistance increases when the inner peripheral surface of the material supporting portion 14 contacts the outer peripheral surface of the rod moving in the axial direction while the material supporting portion 14 of the guide bush 16 is at the first reduced diameter position of the second step. As described above, the output fluctuation detecting unit 120 detects the detection and outputs a detection signal to the control device 114. Then, the control device 114 controls the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16.
Is driven to return to the first stage open position. Thus, the guide bush 16 functions to guide and center and support the bar in a non-contact manner at the first stage open position. When the output fluctuation detecting unit 120 detects an increase in frictional resistance even at the first-stage open position, the control device 114 issues an alarm, for example, and stops the operation of the driving unit 12.

The material supporting portion 1 of the guide bush 16
4 is in the first reduced diameter position of the second stage,
When the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the rod and the outer peripheral surface of the rod moving in the axial direction is increased to the extent that it cannot be centered and supported, the control device 114 uses the function of the position monitoring control mechanism described above,
The drive unit 12 is operated so as to shift the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16 to the second step of the third step. Accordingly, the guide bush 16 functions to guide and center and support the bar in a non-contact manner at the second reduced diameter position of the third step.

As described above, according to the material guide device 10, even when one bar to be processed has a variation in its outer diameter, the output monitoring operation control of the drive unit 12 is performed. Accordingly, a desired guide function can be appropriately exerted on the bar without interrupting a series of processing steps. Therefore, in the automatic lathe equipped with the material guide device 10, it is possible to form a product with high precision and efficiency.

Here, when the bar to be processed is a drawn material, according to the automatic lathe equipped with the material guide device 10, the outer peripheral surface of the drawn material is turned as an outer diameter as a preparation step as follows. After improving the dimensional accuracy, it becomes easy to perform a series of product processing steps. First, under the above-described output monitoring type operation control of the material guide device 10, the spindle 4
The workpiece to which the main shaft 46 is moved from the initial position to the front end position of the feed operation stroke of the drawn material gripped by the step 6 to perform an outer diameter cutting process to improve the cylindricity and roundness as much as possible Make a bar. Thereafter, the spindle 46 is returned to the initial position while holding the bar, and the bar whose outer diameter has been cut is placed in the material support portion 14 of the guide bush 16. Then, under the above-described position monitoring type operation control of the material guide device 10, the inner diameter of the material support portion 14 is set by switching to a stage optimal for a normal turning process of the bar, and from that state, a series of Is carried out. As described above, even in a machining process in which the axial feed operation of the main shaft 46 is repeatedly performed on one bar, the guide function of the material guide device 10 is automatically switched, thereby shortening high-precision machining. Can be implemented in time.

The material guide device according to the present invention is not limited to the configuration having the above-mentioned rotary guide bush, but has a fixed type guide bush that is fixedly arranged on a bar that rotates at a high speed during turning. It can also be configured. FIG. 7 shows a material guide device 130 having such a fixed guide bush according to another embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the material guide device 130 includes the guide bush 1
Except for the support structure of No. 6, it has substantially the same configuration as the material guide device 10 described above, and therefore, corresponding components are denoted by common reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

In the material guide device 130, the guide bush 16 is accommodated concentrically in a hollow cylindrical sleeve member 132. The sleeve member 132 is provided with a detent 36 projecting inward in the radial direction at an arbitrary center angle position in a central region in the axial direction of the inner peripheral surface, and the detent 36 is fitted into the key groove 24 of the guide bush 16. In this state, the guide bush 16 is supported slidably in the axial direction and non-rotatable. A frusto-conical working surface 134 is formed in the axial front end region of the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve member 132 so as to be able to engage with all the tapered surfaces 32 of the guide bush 16. The working surface 134 gradually expands in diameter toward the front end in the axial direction of the sleeve member 132, thereby forming a pressing surface that comes into contact with all the tapered surfaces 32.

The sleeve member 34 is accommodated concentrically and fixedly in the hollow cylindrical second sleeve member 136. The second sleeve member 136 is fixedly accommodated in a hollow cylindrical flange member 138. The flange member 138 is fixed to a predetermined position on the lathe machine base 44 of the automatic lathe, and the sleeve members 132 and 136 and the guide bush 1
6 is non-rotatably supported. The flange member 138 is fixed to the axial front end region of the installation hole 47 provided in the lathe machine base in a state where the center axis 16a of the guide bush 16 matches the rotation axis 46a of the main shaft 46. In this way, the material guide device 130 is installed at a predetermined position in front of the main shaft 46 in the axial direction, in the vicinity of a processing operation position by a tool equipped with an automatic lathe so as to be able to perform a feed operation.

It will be understood that the material guide device 130 having the above-described configuration has the same operation and effect as the material guide device 10 by providing the drive section 12 having the above-described characteristic configuration.

In each of the above embodiments, the fluid pressure device provided in the drive unit 12 has been described as a hydraulic system using the hydraulic pump 82. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an air pressure pump is used. The pneumatic system can also constitute the hydraulic device. In this case, it is understood that the same operation and effect as those of the above-described embodiments can be obtained.

[0071]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, in a material guide device installed on an automatic lathe, no skill of an operator is required and a series of machining operations are not interrupted. In addition, it is possible to automatically adjust the inner diameter of the material supporting portion of the guide bush in multiple steps, and realize high-precision processing of the product when the inner diameter of the material supporting portion is at any stage. It becomes possible. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the material guide device itself and the automatic lathe equipped with the material guide device, while suppressing the wear and deterioration of various components and increasing the component life,
Maintenance costs can be reduced. The automatic lathe according to the present invention provided with such a material guide device is a high-performance automatic lathe capable of forming a product with high precision and efficiency.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a material guide device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
It is sectional drawing shown in the state mounted in the automatic lathe.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a driving unit in the material guide device of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view for explaining an operation mode of the material guide device of FIG. 1 and shows a state in which a driving unit is in a first-stage operation position.

FIG. 4 is a view for explaining an operation mode of the material guide device of FIG. 1 and shows a state in which a driving unit is in a second-stage operation position.

FIG. 5 is a view for explaining an operation mode of the material guide device of FIG. 1 and shows a state in which a driving unit is in a third-stage operation position.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining an operation mode of the material guide device of FIG. 1 and shows a state in which the drive unit is in a fourth-stage operation position.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a material guide device according to another embodiment of the present invention is mounted on an automatic lathe.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10, 130 material guide device 12 drive unit 14 material support unit 16 guide bush 18 operating mechanism 52 operating member 56 locking member 62 first cylinder device 64 second cylinder device 66 fixing member 68 ... Intermediate member 70 ... Movable member 74,76,88,90 ... Pressure receiving chamber 78,80,92,94 ... Port 82 ... Hydraulic pump 84 ... First electromagnetic switching valve 96 ... Second electromagnetic switching valve 98 ... Extension portion 100 ... Bearing device 102 first stopper 104 second stopper 106a, 106b first sensor 108 first dog 110a, 110b second sensor 112 second dog 114 control device 116 spindle drive unit 118 rotational drive Device 120: output fluctuation detection unit

Claims (9)

[Claims] A guide bush having a hollow cylindrical material support portion capable of elastic deformation in a radial direction, an operation mechanism for elastically deforming the material support portion of the guide bush in a radial direction, and driving the operation mechanism. A material guide device comprising a driving unit, wherein the driving unit includes a fluid pressure device capable of positioning and holding the output shaft at at least three positions, and the fluid pressure device drives the operating mechanism via the output shaft. By so doing, the material support portion of the guide bush is selectively positioned and held at at least three radial positions. 2. The fluid pressure device comprises a plurality of cylinder devices arranged in series, wherein the plurality of cylinder devices includes a piston of one of the cylinder devices and a cylinder of another of the cylinder devices. 2. The material guide device according to claim 1, wherein the material guide devices are integrally connected to each other, and operate in association with each other, and a piston of the cylinder device at a final stage is integrally connected to the output shaft. 3. The material guide device according to claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of cylinder devices is a double-acting cylinder device. 4. The material guide device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of cylinder devices have different operation strokes. 5. The material guide device according to claim 2, further comprising a stroke adjusting mechanism for adjusting an operation stroke of each of the plurality of cylinder devices. 6. A position monitoring type control mechanism for controlling the operation of each of the plurality of cylinder devices by monitoring the operation position of each of the plurality of cylinder devices and positioning the output shaft at an optimum position. The material guide device according to any one of claims 2 to 5. 7. The material guide device according to claim 1, which is incorporated in an automatic lathe having a spindle feed driving device, wherein a fluctuation of an output of the spindle feed driving device is monitored. A material guide device further comprising an output monitoring type control mechanism for controlling the operation of the fluid pressure device and positioning the output shaft of the fluid pressure device at an optimum position. 8. The operating mechanism comprises an operating member movable in the axial direction of the guide bush, and the fluid pressure device moves the operating member in the axial direction by direct movement of the output shaft. 8. The material guide device according to any one of items 7 to 7. 9. An automatic lathe wherein the material guide device according to claim 1 is installed near a material processing operation position.