JP2002328482A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and process cartridge and electrophotographic device having the electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having preferable electrophotographic characteristics with small fluctuation of the potential and no image defect in any environment from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity, and to provide a method to easily and stably manufacture the electrophotographic photoreceptor at a low cost. SOLUTION: The electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a base body and the method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor feature that the base body consists of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, that the surface of the base body in the photosensitive layer side is polished by combined electrolytic polishing consisting of the electrolysis by electrodes having an electrolytic effect and an electrolyte solution and the polishing process by a grinder having a polishing effect, and that the surface of the base body in the photosensitive layer side contains aluminum, oxygen and titanium or aluminum, oxygen and zirconium. The process cartridge and the electrophotographic device are equipped with the above electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor,
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An electrophotographic photosensitive member basically comprises a photosensitive layer and a substrate on which a latent image is formed by charging and exposure. On the other hand, the electrophotographic photoreceptor is required to have sensitivity, electrical characteristics and optical characteristics according to the applied electrophotographic process. Further, it is required to have environmental stability such that its characteristics are sufficiently exhibited in any environment from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity.

Typical image defects include image streaks, black spots and fog on a white background, white spots on a black part, and a light source having a single wavelength such as a digital copying machine or a laser beam printer. In the case of an apparatus that performs exposure by light exposure, there are interference fringes generated due to the surface shape of the substrate and unevenness in the thickness of the photosensitive layer.

Therefore, when producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member,
It is necessary to take some measures in advance so that these image defects do not occur. Factors that greatly affect the occurrence of such image defects include the surface condition of the base. A substrate that has not been subjected to any treatment after molding usually does not necessarily have an optimal surface state as an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and thus often causes problems due to the surface state.

In order to improve the surface condition, a surface of an aluminum substrate is subjected to a chromate treatment as described in, for example, JP-A-54-12733 and JP-A-57-62056 to form a chromate conversion coating. And JP-A-58-14841 and JP-A-64-14841.
No.-29852, etc., a method of forming a boehmite film on the surface of an aluminum substrate, or a method of forcibly oxidizing at an elevated temperature as shown in JP-A-57-29051, to form an oxide film. And the like have been considered.

In order to suppress interference fringes, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1-123246 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 64-8615
There is a method in which a photosensitive layer is formed after cutting with a lathe as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-086300). Image defects occur, and moire tends to occur due to the relationship between the digital image and the laser scanning line. Further, for example, there is a method of performing roller burnishing on the outer peripheral surface after centerless processing as disclosed in JP-A-7-43922 and JP-A-8-1510. Although there is an advantage that can be obtained, since the hard grindstone is rotated at high speed to process the cylinder surface, deep scratches are likely to occur on the cylinder surface due to the dropping of abrasive grains and aluminum chips, Appears as an image defect.

[0007]

For example, with respect to the above-mentioned chromate treatment method, a substrate having a certain level of performance can be obtained. However, since the treatment solution contains chromium, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of waste liquid treatment and environmental safety problems. Further, regarding the boehmite treatment method, the crystal state of the surface is not always suitable for the substrate of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and at present, satisfactory electrophotographic characteristics have not been obtained.

Other methods for preventing image defects include, for example, JP-A-2-7070 and JP-A-5-3.
There is a method of providing an aluminum oxide layer by anodizing the surface of an aluminum substrate as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 4964. Although this method is a good method for solving the above problem, the film thickness needs to be 5 to 6 μm or more in order to form the film uniformly without causing the film thickness unevenness on the substrate surface. It is a factor.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which has no image defects in any environment from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity and has good electrophotographic characteristics with small potential fluctuations. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method which can be manufactured easily, inexpensively and stably, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0010]

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the surface of an aluminum substrate used for an electrophotographic photoreceptor is treated with an electrode having an electrolytic action and an abrasive having a polishing action. Forming a chemical conversion film having a specific composition on the substrate by a chemical reaction with an acidic aqueous solution containing a specific metal without using an external electric force on the surface of the substrate after polishing by combined electrolytic polishing. It has been found that this is a very excellent method in that an electrophotographic photoreceptor having more excellent characteristics can be obtained, and the production apparatus can be simplified as compared with the anodic oxidation treatment.

That is, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side is provided with an electrode having an electrolytic action. It is polished by composite electrolytic polishing comprising electrolysis with an electrolyte solution and polishing with a grindstone having a polishing action, and the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side contains aluminum, oxygen and titanium, or aluminum, oxygen and zirconium. The electrophotographic photosensitive member described above.

The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side is subjected to an electrolytic action. A step of polishing by a composite electropolishing method comprising electrolysis with an electrode having an electrolyte solution and polishing with a grindstone having a polishing action, followed by a chemical conversion treatment of the surface on the photosensitive layer side of the substrate with an acidic aqueous solution containing a titanium salt or a zirconium salt And a step of forming a photosensitive layer thereafter.

Further, the present invention is a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Composite electrolytic polishing is a method having both the electrolytic action of eluting aluminum on the surface of an aluminum substrate and the polishing action of optimizing the surface condition of the aluminum substrate. As a result, the electrolytic current is concentrated on the projections of the aluminum substrate, and selective polishing proceeds, so that large scratches or defective portions existing on the substrate are easily smoothed.

As the electrolyte solution, inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, organic acids such as oxalic acid, and salts thereof are used, but are not particularly limited. In addition, the conditions of voltage and current during electrolysis are arbitrarily set and are not particularly limited.

A grindstone is used in which an abrasive is applied to a base material made of various materials such as metal oxides and plastics. In particular, it is preferable to use an elastic grindstone. However, it is preferable because scratches on the substrate generated during processing are reduced.

The surface roughness of the substrate polished by the composite electrolytic polishing has a ten-point average roughness (Rz) of 0.3 to 2.0 μm,
The maximum height (Rmax) is preferably 0.5 to 3.0 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 μm in ten-point average roughness (Rz), and 0.1 to 0.3 μm in the maximum height (Rmax). 8 ~
2.0 μm. For the measurement of the surface roughness, a surface roughness measuring instrument (Surfcoder SE-330 manufactured by Kosaka Laboratories) is used.
0) was used.

Before the polishing step by composite electrolytic polishing,
It may be processed in advance by a method such as cutting, centerless processing, and blast processing. By combining with these methods, the burden of the composite electrolytic polishing step is reduced. Especially when combined with centerless processing,
This is advantageous over other methods because an irregular substrate surface can be obtained and the blasting agent does not stick.

As the material of the substrate used in the present invention, an aluminum alloy is suitable. In particular, from the viewpoint of ease of forming by extrusion, 3000 series and 60 series in JIS standard are used.
A 00-based alloy is preferred.

In the chemical conversion treatment of the substrate, the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side is treated with an acidic aqueous solution (chemical conversion treating agent) containing a titanium salt or a zirconium salt. Preferably, a titanium salt or zirconium salt is dissolved in an acidic aqueous solution mainly containing phosphoric acid or phosphate, or a titanium salt or zirconium salt is dissolved in an acidic aqueous solution containing tannic acid. Treat with the resulting solution. More preferably, the titanium salt or zirconium salt contains fluorine.

The acidic aqueous solution of phosphoric acid or phosphate used as the chemical conversion treating agent contains phosphoric acid, its sodium salt, potassium salt and ammonium salt as basic components, and pyrophosphoric acid, tripolyphosphoric acid, hexametaphosphoric acid and its sodium salt. Or condensed phosphates of alkali metal salts such as potassium salts, phytic acid, nitrodiethanol ethylene phosphonic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methalkyl-1-acid phosphonic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphonic acid and ethane-1-hydroxy- It is also possible to use an organic phosphoric acid compound such as 1,1-diphosphonic acid.

The concentration of the phosphoric acid or phosphate used is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 50 g / liter in terms of phosphate group ions. In this range, a uniform and good conversion coating can be obtained. The stability of the chemical conversion treatment agent is also good.

As the chemical conversion treating agent, tannin or tannic acid can be used in place of the above phosphoric acid or phosphate. As tannin or tannic acid, kepracho, depudito, tannic acid from China, tannic acid from Turkey, hamamelitannic acid, kepulinic acid, sugakutannin, pentaploid tannin, tannin from erragic acid and the like are used.

The concentration of tannin or tannic acid used is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 g / liter.

Further, to this chemical conversion treating agent, hydrofluoric acid and an alkali salt thereof, borofluoric acid, silicic hydrofluoric acid, titanium hydrofluoric acid, zirconium hydrofluoric acid and an alkali salt thereof are added as necessary. These are intended to etch the surface during chemical conversion treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloy substrates.

A conversion coating formed of a titanium salt or a zirconium salt is excellent as a conversion coating on the surface of a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Examples of the titanium salt include titanium hydrofluoric acid and its sodium salt, potassium salt, ammonium salt and titanium sulfate. As the zirconium salt, potassium zirconium fluoride and zirconium sulfate are used. .

The amount of the titanium salt or zirconium salt in the chemical conversion treating agent is 0.01 g in terms of metal.
The range is preferably from 2 to 2 g / liter.

The concentration of the fluorine compound in the chemical conversion treating agent is preferably 0.01 g to 10 g / liter in terms of fluorine ions. In this range, the substrate surface is appropriately etched and a uniform film is easily formed. .

It is preferable that the chemical conversion treatment agent is finally adjusted to a pH of 1.0 to 5.5 with ammonia, sodium hydroxide or the like.

When the pH is less than 1.0, the etching reaction is intense and it is difficult to form a good film. When the pH is more than 5.5, the film formation rate is slow and it is difficult to obtain only a thin film. It is difficult to obtain.

As a treatment method of the chemical conversion treatment, the chemical conversion treatment agent is heated to 30 to 90 ° C., and this liquid is brought into contact with the substrate surface.

As a method of contact, a dipping method, a spraying method using a spray, or the like is used.

After the chemical conversion treatment of the substrate, the substrate is washed and dried before use.

As a main component in the chemical conversion film on the substrate surface,
It contains aluminum, oxygen and titanium, or aluminum, oxygen and zirconium.

The content of titanium or zirconium in the chemical conversion film is measured by an analytical method such as Auger electron beam spectroscopy or ESCA at a depth of 50 ° from the outermost surface of the substrate. 4 ~
The range of 100 atm% is preferable, and within this range, good characteristics are exhibited as a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

The total thickness of the conversion coating on the titanium or zirconium-containing portion formed on the substrate surface is about 1
The thickness is up to about μm.

The chemical conversion film on the surface of the substrate contains phosphorus and fluorine at the same time.

Next, the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member used in the present invention will be described.

The structure of the photosensitive layer may be a single layer type having one layer containing both a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance on a conductive substrate, or a charge generating layer containing a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance. There is a laminate type in which a charge transport layer contained is laminated on a conductive substrate.

The structure of the laminated photoreceptor includes a structure in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated on a conductive substrate in this order, and a structure in which a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer are laminated in this order.

Hereinafter, a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member will be described.

The charge transport layer of the laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member is a polycyclic aromatic compound having a structure such as biphenylene, anthracene, pyrene or phenanthrene in a main chain or a side chain;
It is formed by dissolving a charge transport substance such as a nitrogen-containing ring compound such as indole, carbazole, oxadiazole and pyrazoline, a hydrazone compound, a styryl compound, and a triarylamine compound in a binder resin.

As the binder resin having such a film forming property, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene,
Examples include polymethacrylate and polyarylate.

The thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably from 5 to 40 μm, more preferably from 10 to 30 μm.

The charge generating layer of the laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an azo pigment such as Sudan Red and Diane Blue; a quinone pigment such as pyrene, quinone and anthantrone; a perylene pigment; an indigo pigment such as indigo and thioindigo; Or the like is dispersed in a binder resin such as polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, and acrylic, and this dispersion is applied, or the pigment is formed by vacuum evaporation on the surface of the substrate.

The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 5 μm or less, more preferably 0.01 to 3 μm.

In the present invention, an undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function can be provided between the substrate and the photosensitive layer. The undercoat layer can be formed of casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, alcohol-soluble polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin or the like.

The undercoat layer preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 3 μm.

It is also possible to provide a protective layer on the surface of the photosensitive layer in order to prevent mechanical damage such as scratches and abrasion.

Examples of the material constituting the protective layer include polyester, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polycarbonate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamideimide,
Polysulfone, polyacryl ether, polyacetal, phenolic resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin,
Resins such as epoxy resin, urea resin, alkyd resin, butyral resin, phenoxy resin and phosphazene, as well as thermosetting resins and light-curing resins such as acrylic-modified epoxy resins, acrylic-modified urethane resins and acrylic-modified polyester resins, and various other types An electron beam curable resin or the like is used.

The thickness of the protective layer is 0.2 to 10 μm.
m is preferable.

The resins used in each of the above-mentioned layers include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluorine-based graft polymer, silicone-based graft polymer, fluorine-based block for the purpose of improving the cleaning property and the abrasion resistance. A lubricant such as a polymer, a silicone block polymer and a silicone oil may be contained.

Further, powder such as tin oxide and conductive titanium oxide may be dispersed for the purpose of controlling the resistance of the protective layer. Further, an additive such as an antioxidant may be added for the purpose of improving weather resistance.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is driven to rotate around a shaft 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed in a direction indicated by an arrow.

The photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged on its peripheral surface with a predetermined positive or negative potential by the primary charging means 3 in the course of rotation, and then the image is exposed from exposure means (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. Receive exposure 4.

Thus, an electrostatic latent image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photosensitive member 1.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then developed with toner by the developing means 5, and the developed toner image is transferred between the photosensitive member 1 and the transfer means 6 from a paper feeding unit (not shown) by rotation of the photosensitive member 1. Transfer means 6 transfers the transfer material 7 taken out and fed synchronously.
Are sequentially transferred.

The transfer material 7 which has undergone the image transfer is separated from the photoreceptor surface, introduced into the fixing means 8 and subjected to image fixing to be printed out of the apparatus as a copy.

The surface of the photoreceptor 1 after the image transfer is cleaned and cleaned by removing the untransferred toner by a cleaning means 9 and further subjected to a pre-exposure 10 from a pre-exposure means (not shown). Used repeatedly for image formation.

When the primary charging means 3 is a contact charging means using a charging roller or the like, pre-exposure is not necessarily required.

In the present invention, a plurality of components such as the above-described electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, primary charging means 3, developing means 5, and cleaning means 9 are integrally connected as a process cartridge. The process cartridge may be configured to be detachable from a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer.

For example, at least one of the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9 is integrally supported together with the photosensitive member 1 to form a cartridge, and the cartridge is mounted on the apparatus main body by using a guide means such as the rail 12 of the apparatus main body. The process cartridge 11 can be detachably attached.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be widely used in electrophotographic application technologies such as CRT printers, LED printers, liquid crystal printers, facsimile machines and laser platemaking, in addition to electrophotographic copying and laser beam printers.

[0066]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. In Examples, “parts” indicates “parts by mass”.

Example 1 An aluminum alloy (JIS standard A3003 material) was extruded by a port pole extruding method to an outer diameter of 30.0 mm and an inner diameter of
An aluminum substrate 28.5 mm in length and 260.5 mm in length was prepared. A composite electrolytic polishing apparatus including a device for holding and rotating both ends of the substrate, a device for supplying an electrolyte solution to the substrate and recovering the same, a device for applying the substrate to an anode, and a device for abutting a grindstone on the substrate. It processed using the apparatus. The rotation speed of the substrate was 5.0 m / min, and the feed speed was 1.5 m / min. As the electrolyte solution, an aqueous sodium nitrate solution (25% by mass) was used, and the applied voltage was 15V. In addition, an elastic whetstone of # 3000 was used as the whetstone.
The surface roughness of the obtained substrate was 0.70 μm in ten-point average roughness (Rz) and 1.02 μm in maximum height (Rmax).

An acidic aqueous solution (trade name: Palcoat 3753, manufactured by Nippon Parker Rising Co., Ltd.) containing phytic acid and titanium hydrofluoric acid, which are organic phosphoric acids, as chemical conversion treatment agents was applied to the aluminum substrate subjected to the composite electrolytic polishing. The aluminum substrate was immersed in this chemical conversion treatment agent while maintaining the temperature at 0 ° C., subjected to a chemical conversion treatment for about 2 minutes, and then washed with pure water. The thickness of the obtained chemical conversion film is about 500 °
Met.

Next, 4 parts of an oxytitanium phthalocyanine pigment and a polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: BX-
1, a mixture of 2.2 parts of Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 40 parts of cyclohexanone was dispersed in a sand mill for 10 hours, and then 60 parts of tetrahydrofuran was added to prepare a dispersion for the charge generation layer.

This dispersion was dip-coated on the aluminum substrate on which the chemical conversion film had been formed, and dried by heating at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of about 0.2 μm.

Next, a solution prepared by dissolving 50 parts of a triarylamine compound represented by the following structural formula and 50 parts of a bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate resin in 400 parts of monochlorobenzene is applied onto the charge generating layer by dip coating, and the atmosphere at 120 ° C. The resultant was dried by heating for about 1 hour in the above to form a charge transporting layer having a thickness of 20 μm.

[0072]

Embedded image

The electrophotographic photosensitive member was assembled in a cartridge for a printer, and evaluated using a reversal developing type printer (manufactured by Canon, LBP1760). The evaluation environment is room temperature and normal humidity (23 ° C., 60% Rh), high temperature and high humidity (30
° C, 85% Rh) and low temperature and low humidity (15 ° C, 10% Rh)
After being left in each environment for 48 hours or more, the evaluation of the image by visual observation and the measurement of the dark part potential and the light part potential were performed. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. A good image was obtained in which no interference fringes were generated even in the halftone image and no minute black spots or background fogging was generated in the solid white image. In any environment, almost no change in the dark part potential and the light part potential was recognized.

Example 2 A treatment liquid containing phytic acid, an organic phosphoric acid, ammonium salt and zirconium fluoride and zirconium sulfate as metals as main components as a chemical conversion treatment agent (trade name: Palcoat 3756, Nippon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.) The same electrophotographic photoreceptor as in Example 1 was prepared except that the surface treatment of the aluminum substrate was performed using
Evaluation was performed in the same manner. As a result, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, a good image was obtained in which no interference fringes were generated even in the halftone image as in Example 1, and no fine black spots or background fog were generated in the solid white image. Was done. In any environment, almost no change in the dark part potential and the light part potential was recognized.

Comparative Example 1 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was manufactured and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that centerless processing was performed on the aluminum substrate and composite electropolishing was not performed. The centerless processing conditions were as follows. (Centerless processing conditions) ・ In-field processing equipment (grinding wheel # 800) ・ Roughing speed: 0.0005 m / min ・ Finishing speed: 0.0002 m / min The surface roughness of the obtained aluminum substrate is a ten-point average. 1.20 μm in roughness (Rz) and 1. in maximum height (Rmax).
It was 80 μm. On the surface of the substrate obtained by the centerless processing, a large scratch (scratch) was generated, which was considered to be caused by the falling off of the grindstone and the aluminum chips. As shown in Table 1, no interference fringes occurred in the halftone image, but white spots occurred in the solid black image due to the scratch.

Example 3 Example 1 was repeated except that centerless processing was performed under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1 as preprocessing for composite electrolytic polishing.
In the same manner as above, the aluminum substrate is subjected to composite electrolytic polishing,
Further, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated by the same method as in Example 1. The surface roughness of the obtained substrate was 0.95 μm in terms of ten-point average roughness (Rz) and 1. in terms of the maximum height (Rmax).
It was 50 μm. The scratches generated partially on the aluminum substrate could be completely eliminated by the composite electrolytic polishing in the subsequent step. As in the case of Example 1, no interference fringes were generated at all in the halftone image, and a good image with no minute black spots or background fog in the solid white image was obtained. In any environment, almost no change in the dark part potential and the light part potential was recognized. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Comparative Example 2 An aluminum substrate was subjected to composite electrolytic polishing in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the chemical conversion treatment using the chemical conversion treating agent was not performed, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member was further manufactured. Was evaluated in the same manner as described above. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. No interference fringes occurred, but ground fog occurred in the solid white image. In addition, the charging ability was significantly reduced under each environment.

[0078]

[Table 1]

[0079]

[Table 2]

[0080]

As described above, according to the present invention,
An electrophotographic photoreceptor having good electrophotographic properties with no image defects such as interference fringes and fogging under any environment and having a small potential fluctuation, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photoreceptor , And a method of easily and inexpensively manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2H035 CA05 CA07 CB02 CB03 CD14 2H068 AA42 AA48 AA52 BA60 CA29 CA32 CA33 CA34 CA60 EA05 FA17 FA27

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side is electrolytically treated with an electrode having an electrolytic action and an electrolyte solution. And electropolishing, wherein the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side contains aluminum, oxygen and titanium, or aluminum, oxygen and zirconium. Photoconductor. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the whetstone is an elastic whetstone. 3. The surface roughness of the substrate polished by the composite electrolytic polishing has a ten-point average roughness (Rz) of 0.3 to 2.0 μm.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein m and the maximum height (Rmax) are 0.5 to 3.0 µm. 4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the content of titanium or zirconium on the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side is 4 to 100 atm% with respect to the aluminum content. 5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side further contains phosphorus. 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side further contains fluorine. 7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side is a film formed by a chemical conversion treatment. 8. A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side is provided with an electrode having an electrolytic action and an electrolyte. A step of polishing by a composite electrolytic polishing consisting of electrolysis with a solution and polishing with a grindstone having a polishing action, and then a step of subjecting the surface of the substrate on the photosensitive layer side to a chemical conversion treatment with an acidic aqueous solution containing a titanium salt or a zirconium salt, and A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising a step of forming a photosensitive layer thereafter. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the grindstone is an elastic abrasive. 10. The surface roughness of the substrate polished by the composite electrolytic polishing has a ten-point average roughness (Rz) of 0.3 to 2.0 μm.
The method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 8 or 9, wherein m and the maximum height (Rmax) are 0.5 to 3.0 µm. 11. The method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 8, wherein the titanium salt or the zirconium salt contains fluorine. 12. The acidic aqueous solution further comprises phosphoric acid, phosphate,
The method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to any one of claims 8 to 11, comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of tannin and tannic acid. 13. The acidic aqueous solution further contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoric acid, borofluoric acid, silicic hydrofluoric acid and salts thereof.
The method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of the above. 14. An electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit are integrally supported. A process cartridge which is detachable from a main body. 15. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1; a charging unit; an exposing unit; a developing unit; and a transfer unit.