JP2002315517A - Dry feed of kale - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To preserve kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) leaves for a long time at normal temperature preventing decay of the kale leaves, produce feeds for livestock, fowls and pets formulated with kale leaves and make an effective ingestion of the nutritive qualities belonging to the kales. SOLUTION: This method of production of the dry feed of kale comprises a growing and collecting process, a process treating with lactic bacterium, a crushing and a mixing process, a drying process and a formulating process. This method comprises mixing collected kale leaves with powdery lactic bacterium or soaking the collected kale leaves in water dissolving lactic bacterium, and then crushing, air-drying and formulating to feeds for livestock, fowls and pets while keeping the lactic bacterium in living state. The rate of addition of the lactic bacterium to the kale leaves is 0.01-2 wt.%, preferably 0.1-1 wt.% in the case of using an undiluted solution of the lactic bacterium and 0.1-10 wt.%. preferably 1-5 wt.% in the case of using a powdery lactic bacterium.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to feed for livestock, poultry and pets.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Prior art documents on feed containing kale include the following. JP-A-2000-2
No. 87627 discloses a feed for aquaculture, in which kale meal is added to a feed for aquaculture, which can maintain the health of the cultured fish, enhance the health, and improve the body color and meat quality of the produced fish. The kale meal after squeezing and extracting the “green juice” of kale,
Dry kale meal is used because it rots easily when stored at room temperature. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-17091 provides a high-protein feed characterized in that kale or organic vegetables are finely divided and the amount of water is adjusted as a high-protein feed. Also in this case, kale or organic vegetables are subdivided and dried. on the other hand,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-322714 discloses that the odor of excrement of a breeding animal is suppressed by feeding the breeding animal with a deodorizing feed to which lactic acid bacteria and the like are added.

[0003]

The problem to be solved is to prevent rot of kale leaves and to store them at room temperature for a long time, and to produce feed for livestock, poultry and pets containing kale leaves. It is to absorb the high nutrients of kale more efficiently.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have made intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have accomplished the present invention. The present invention can prevent decay of kale, and can stably supply high-quality kale that can be stored at room temperature without requiring freezing and refrigeration management. To produce kale dry feed.
That is, according to the present invention, after collecting kale leaves, powdery lactic acid bacteria are mixed, or immersed in water in which lactic acid bacteria are dissolved, and then crushed, air-dried, and livestock while keeping the lactic acid bacteria alive.・ It consists of adding to poultry and pet feed.

[0005] Kale is a cruciferous vegetable native to the Mediterranean. This includes vitamins, calcium,
It is rich in minerals and high protein. Recently, it has been used as a health food for excellent nutrition among vegetables. However, the unique smell and bitterness of kale are hated. Kale can be produced as pesticide-free vegetables all year round. Those grown in winter are sweet, less bitter, and relatively easy to store. In spring, the soft parts of the leaves are harmful to pests and can stab the tongue, making it difficult to preserve. is there. To make effective use of kale that can be produced throughout the year, kale preservation is a problem. Drying is required on the day of collection, since it easily rots at room temperature and loses its commercial value. If it cannot be dried on the day of collection, it must be refrigerated or frozen. In addition, in order to prevent decay during transportation, the use of transportation means capable of refrigeration management has resulted in an increase in costs. What is used in the present invention,
The mature leaves of this kale.

[0006] The lactic acid bacteria of the present invention include those of cocci and those of bacilli. In general, it grows on animal parasites or adheres to plants. In the case of cocci as well as bacilli, in many cases, a pair of cells are linked in a chain or fence form from a diplo or bifid type with one end or side attached. In addition, the lactic acid bacteria may be any of three types of anaerobic, microaerobic, facultative anaerobic, and may further include at least one of spores, nitrite, sulfur, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi. .
Anaerobic lactic acid bacteria dislike oxygen. Microaerobic lactic acid bacteria prefer oxygen, and facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria are lactic acid bacteria that can live without oxygen or with oxygen. The intestinal environment is anoxic. Facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria that are anaerobic and microaerobic, or lactococci and spores are used. Sterilization at a high temperature eliminates all germs and the like. Over time, only the lactic acid bacteria grow. Lives in facultative anaerobic and oxygen-free and anoxic conditions. Lactic acid bacteria, which are strong against acid and resistant to temperature, live in the intestine and support intestinal activation as good bacteria.

[0007] The production method of the present invention comprises a growing and collecting step, a lactic acid bacteria treatment step, a pulverizing and mixing step, a drying step, and a feed mixing step.

<< Growing and Sampling Process >> Kale growing generally prefers a cool climate, but has a wide temperature adaptation range. It grows in the range of 5-25 ° C. Extremely cold resistance. No damage at -4 ° C. The germination temperature is wide at 15-30 ° C. The range of application to soil is very wide. The cultivated soil is deep and has the best growth from sandy loam to viscous loam with good drainage. About 3 sowing seeds
The seedlings are replanted in the field on day 0. The kale can be harvested in about 30 to 40 days. During that time, no chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc. can be used. The kale cultivated in this manner is cut and collected one by one from the base (leaf stem) of the leaf. This is called a collected kale leaf.

<< Lactic Acid Bacteria Treatment Step >> Before the collected kale leaves do not spoil, for example, in the summertime, lactic acid bacteria are added within 4 hours. If it is less than 48 hours in winter, the lactic acid bacteria can be treated because they dry but do not rot. The following method can be used for this addition treatment. The lactic acid bacteria are diluted with water, and the base of the kale leaf is immersed in the diluted lactic acid bacteria to sufficiently contain the lactic acid bacteria water, or the kale leaf is ground and directly added and mixed. First, a liquid lactic acid bacterium containing 100 million per liter of water is used as a lactic acid bacterium stock solution, and this stock solution is added to water and diluted when used. The dilution of this stock solution is 1-10%, preferably 2-5%. As liquid lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria,
It is also preferable to use Procion (manufactured by Procion Medsan Co., Ltd.), which is a mixed bacterium of three types of yeast and soil bacteria. In addition, powdery lactic acid bacteria are added to 1 g of pomace (abbreviated as okara) at the time of producing tofu having a water content of 35 to 40%.
It contains 10 million cells. As the powdery lactic acid bacteria, it is also preferable to use Mizuho Clean (manufactured by Mizuho Co., Ltd.) containing lactococci, spores and actinomycetes as main components and auxiliary fungi such as filamentous fungi. The addition ratio to the collected kale leaves is 0.01 to 2 watts in the case of the lactic acid bacteria stock solution.
t%, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, and in the case of powdered lactic acid bacteria, 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 1% by weight.
5 wt%.

In the case of liquid lactic acid bacteria or powdery lactic acid bacteria, when the amount is less than these ranges, the lactic acid bacteria are not efficiently absorbed into the collected kale leaves, the number of cells is small, and the effect is short. Will not appear. However, they can be used if they are aged or cultured after the addition. In addition, although there is no particular problem even if the amount exceeds these ranges, it will be considered in terms of balance with other nutrients and cost of dry feed. A predetermined amount of collected kale leaves are immersed in water containing a stock solution of lactic acid bacteria for 12 to 13 hours, with the leaf stems facing downward. Pickle kale leaves soaked upright. By doing so, the lactic acid bacteria can be contained together with water up to the inside of the collected kale leaf. As an example, 1 kg of collected kale leaves are
Soak in 3-5 liters of a 1% dilution.

On the other hand, a predetermined amount of collected kale leaves is finely pulverized using a pulverizer, and then powdered lactic acid bacteria are added and stirred. Spread the agitated material thinly on a mesh tray. Further, the crushed collected kale leaves can be immersed in diluted lactic acid bacteria. In this case, the pickling time can be reduced, but the nutrients of the kale begin to dissolve in the diluent. This is separated by filtration, and the remaining liquid is reused. Spread the remaining kale leaves on a tray.

<< Pulverizing and mixing process >> The pickled kale leaves are
Remove from lactic acid bacteria water. Thereafter, the mixture is pulverized using a mixer or a pulverizer. There is no particular limitation on the performance of the mixer or pulverizer.
A rotation speed of ２０００2000 RPM may be used. It takes about 2 to 5 millimeters after grinding for 2 to 3 minutes, but it does not matter in size. Spread it thinly on a mesh tray. Further, the collected kale leaves are finely pulverized using a mixer or a pulverizer, etc., in a fresh state. 2
After grinding for ~ 3 minutes, lactic acid bacteria in powder form are added. What mixed and stirred the powdery lactic acid bacteria which mixed facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria, anaerobic lactic acid bacteria, and spores is good. Spread the agitated material thinly on a mesh tray.

<< Drying Step >> The crushed kale leaves treated with lactic acid bacteria are dried while being stirred with low-temperature air. This air drying temperature is 0
To 50 ° C, preferably 30 to 50 ° C. The drying time varies depending on the temperature, but ranges from about 6 to 10 hours. The water content is not so-called high humidity, and is preferably 5% to
It is better to be in the range of 50%. By drying in this manner, the nutrients of the kale leaf can be maintained. Further, it can be given as a compound feed while maintaining the effect of intestinal activation of lactic acid bacteria. Further, the growth of other harmful microorganisms can be suppressed. This is called kale dry feed.

<Packaging / Transportation / Storage Step> The packaging bag is preferably a sealed type. Those made of a light-shielding material are more preferable. The packaging bag is filled with a predetermined amount of kale dry feed. By storing in a dark room at room temperature, there is no change in quality for a long period of time, for example, one year or more. It does not require cooling equipment for transportation. from these things,
According to the present invention, kale leaves can be preserved at room temperature by treating with lactic acid bacteria and drying. The transportation cost does not require cooling equipment, so it is inexpensive and can be supplied stably throughout the year.

<< Blending process >> Generally used livestock,
To the feed for poultry and pets, add the kale dry feed obtained up to the previous step. The amount of kale dry feed is 10
６０60 wt%, preferably 20-50 wt%.
It can be blended in batches before feeding, or can be blended continuously using a silo, hopper or the like. This is called kale leaf feed.

<< Feeding Process >> The kale leaf-containing feed prepared according to the present invention is fed according to the method of feeding livestock, poultry and pets.

[0017]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In accordance with the above-mentioned solution, embodiments of the present invention will be described by the following embodiments.

[0018]

【Example】

Example 1 After collecting kale leaves, 10 kg of kale leaves are immersed in 3.5 liters of water in which 70 ml of facultatively anaerobic lactic acid bacteria are dissolved, with the kale leaves standing. In this state, it could be stored without decay for three days.

[Comparative Example 1] Finely pulverized kale leaves were mixed with poultry feed and fed to chickens, but most of them were spoiled and discarded in one day.

[Comparative Example 2] June 8, 2012 A cargo of 100 kg of fresh kale leaves was transported from Kumamoto Prefecture at 3:00 pm without cooling management. At around 9:00 am on June 9 the next day, the kale leaves that arrived at a processing plant in Kagoshima Prefecture began to turn yellow and became sticky and stinky, resulting in inferior raw materials and were all disposed of.

[Example 2] After collecting kale leaves, 10 kg of fresh leaves are finely pulverized with a pulverizer of 1500 rotations per minute. 60 ml of a facultatively anaerobic lactic acid bacterium is added to the crushed kale of about 2 mm to 5 mm, and the mixture is further stirred. The kale was spread thinly on a net-like tray and dried with low-temperature air (maximum temperature: 50 ° C.) for 8 hours. After a year, there was no change in quality.

Example 3 A kale dry feed was prepared using 170 g of lactic acid bacteria obtained by mixing lactococci and spores as powdery lactic acid bacteria. The quality of the bagged product after preparation was unchanged after six months.

[Example 4] A dried kale feed obtained by using the prosion, a triple-mixed bacterium, in place of the facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacterium of Example 2 was fed to waste chicken. Three waste chickens were placed in a pair of sheds and fed. A kale leaf blended feed blended at 30 wt% in a poultry feed was given twice daily. There was leftover food from the salary until the fourth day. From the 5th day, the leftovers were gone and I started eating very well. Spawning began on the 13th day. The subsequent spawning is shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure, feeding the kale leaf-containing feed resulted in 2 to 2.5 times more spawning than feeding the kale-only feed (without lactic acid bacteria). The color of the yolk itself was orange, and the shape of the egg yolk was high and rounded. The yolk did not tear even if the yolk was held by hand or grasped with a reed.

Comparative Example 3 Instead of the kale dry feed, a dry feed containing only kale (without lactic acid bacteria) was fed to the waste chicken. A feed mixed at 30 wt% with a chicken feed was given. Other conditions were the same as in Example 4. There was no spawning for 12 days after continuing to feed twice a day. Spawning began on the 13th day. The subsequent spawning is shown in FIG.

Example 5 The kale dried feed obtained in Example 3 was fed to cats. A commercially available pet food was sprinkled with 20% by weight of kale dry feed and mixed easily. I paid twice a day. The smell of excrement has also been reduced. In addition, the method of attaching fat has been reduced overall.
Cholesterol has dropped. Improves meat quality and immune function.

[0027]

According to the present invention, kale leaves are pulverized, treated with lactic acid bacteria and air-dried at a low temperature to prevent spoilage and fermentation, and can be stored and transported at room temperature. From autumn to winter, kale is more sweet. In addition, since high-quality kale free of insect bites can be dried and stored at room temperature, stable supply can be provided. There is no need to keep cool even in transportation. The cost is also reduced. According to the present invention, kale leaves are pulverized, mixed with a facultatively anaerobic lactic acid bacterium, a lactic acid bacterium and a lactic acid bacterium containing spores as main components, and dried. By adding lactic acid bacteria, the function of absorbing calcium can be particularly increased among the nutrients possessed by kale. The fact that the chickens started laying eggs again can extend the time when chickens are discarded. Increases productivity efficiency. Starting salary 2
The odor of feces began to change from week one. Nutrition, such as the high calcium of kale, was increased by feeding with lactic acid bacteria. In addition, since the strength of the egg shell is very strong and it is difficult to break, the egg breaking rate at the time of shipment decreases. The strength of the egg white increased and the egg white showed a beautiful swelling when the egg was broken. When the egg white was pierced with a chopstick or the like and pulled sideways, both the egg white and the yolk moved sideways because the cell membrane became stronger. In particular, the number of laying eggs is double to 2.5 for kale dry feed containing lactic acid bacteria.
The result was twice as good. When given to pets, the function of lactic acid bacteria and 100% of kale-dried dietary fiber are contained, so that intestinal activation is improved. The smell of excrement has also been reduced.
In addition, the method of attaching fat is reduced as a whole. Cholesterol lowers. Improves meat quality and immune function.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the daily changes in egg laying when a waste chicken is fed a diet containing kale leaves.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A kale dry feed obtained by treating collected kale leaves with lactic acid bacteria, pulverizing and drying. 2. When the lactic acid bacteria is a stock solution of lactic acid bacteria with respect to the collected kale leaves, 0.01 to 2 wt%, preferably 0.1 to 2 wt%.
1 to 1% by weight, and 0.1% for powdered lactic acid bacteria.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the content is 1 to 10 wt%.
Kale dry feed. 3. A lactic acid bacterium is a liquid mixed bacterium containing lactococci, spores and actinomycetes as main components and auxiliary fungi such as filamentous fungi, and 0.01 to 2 wt.
% Kale dry feed according to claim 1, preferably 0.1 to 1 wt%. 4. A lactic acid bacterium is a powdered lactic acid bacterium in which three kinds of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and soil bacteria are mixed, and the lactic acid bacterium is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight based on the collected kale leaves.
2. The dry kale feed of claim 1, wherein the feed is t%. 5. A feed for livestock, poultry and pets, wherein 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight of a kale dry feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is added.
A kale leaf blend feed that is blended.