JP2002294891A - Water evaporation cooling roof and wall body structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water evaporation cooling roof and a wall body structure capable of preventing spattering loss of water in a spray type evaporation cooling system, eliminating unnecessary consumption of water and nonuniform leakage on a roof face and a wall body face, and increasing evaporation cooling effect by a small amount of water and evaporation cooling effect while conserving water resource. SOLUTION: Layers 2 containing hydrogel are laminated and constituted on an external surface of a structural body 1 based on the assumption that water is supplied from a rainwater tank installed on the rooftop or capable of feeding water or water is sprayed and supplied while using falling rain.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a roof / wall structure for cooling and cooling water in a building with a low environmental load.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, depletion of fossil fuels and useful natural resources,
To protect the global environment, efforts are being made to save energy, use new and unused energy, reduce greenhouse gas, sulfide, and nitrogen oxide emissions, and use alternative CFCs.

[0003] Against this background, in the field of construction, in order to promote these, in harmony with the environment, natural energy can be used well, the internal environment can be created and controlled with low load and energy saving, and it can coexist with the environment. There is a growing need for buildings with low environmental impact on the earth.

[0004] As a low-environmental-impact building utilizing natural energy and the natural environment, natural cooling is performed by lowering the flow of heat to the building by evaporating and cooling water on the roof and outer walls, and natural cooling is performed. As one of the measures to make the internal environment comfortable, there is a cooling system using evaporative cooling of water. Generally, there is a method in which water is sprayed on the roof or outer wall to perform evaporative cooling.In this method, water is sprayed on the outer surface of the roof or wall, and the outer surface of the roof or wall is latently heated by evaporation of the water. The cooling is performed to lower the surface temperature, thereby reducing the flow of heat into the inside of the building, thereby performing natural cooling, or reducing the heat load applied to the cooling device.

[0005] The method of cooling the inside of a building with the latent heat of evaporation of water and preventing the inside of the building from rising in temperature has been widely studied as a water-spraying type evaporative cooling system.

[0006] This water-spraying type evaporative cooling system consumes much less energy than a cooling system using electric power and the like, and is not a heat-generating system as in the case of electric cooling. It is.

In this method, water is generally sprayed by a sprinkler or the like. However, a water spray method in which a water flows down from a roof top along a water gradient without using a sprinkler or the like is also conceivable.

[0008] There is also a system for storing water on the roof like a roof pond, which also uses the latent heat of evaporation. However, the weight is heavy, the load on the building structure is large, and
Since sufficient measures against water leakage are required and the cost is increased, its use is not very practical.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Evaporative cooling by spraying method
The theoretical watering rate in the recirculation system is 1.5 kg / m
²h is sufficient. However, such a small amount of watering
A good sprinkler to do with a long reach
No (There is a sprinkler for watering a small amount, but watering radius
And the amount of water sprayed per unit area is reduced as a result.
No). In addition, water scattering due to the wind will fly to the vicinity of the building.
May dissipate, causing water loss and problems with neighbors
You.

[0010] In addition, the sprinkling method of flowing down along the water gradient from the roof top has a drawback that it is difficult to uniformly supply water to the roof surface and to reduce the evaporative cooling effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to prevent the loss of water scattering and to eliminate unnecessary water consumption from the viewpoint of conservation of water resources. Furthermore, the evaporative cooling roof and wall can eliminate the non-uniform wetting on the roof and wall surfaces, increase the evaporative cooling effect with a small amount of water, and conserve water resources while enhancing the evaporative cooling effect. It is to provide a structure.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, a water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure of the present invention is provided on the basis of a supply from a rooftop-installable water-supplyable rainwater tank or a water supply by rainfall. Originally, a layer containing a hydrogel was laminated on the outer surface of the structure.

Further, the hydrogel in the layer containing the above-mentioned hydrogel is a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer.

Further, the layer containing the hydrogel is a layer in which a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is dispersed in a porous body or a fiber molding having a continuous capillary.

[0015]

[Function] By providing a layer containing hydrogel on the evaporating surface (outer surface of the structure), water can be uniformly fixed and held even on an inclined surface, and water can be sprinkled in a timely manner and absorbed into the hydrogel. Continuous evaporative cooling is achieved without frequent sprinkling.

In the case where the hydrogel is made of a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer, the term "thermosensitive absorbing and draining polymer" as used in the present invention means that water is absorbed below the temperature-sensitive point and water is absorbed above the temperature-sensitive point. A resin that absorbs water and discharges water that has been absorbed at a low temperature to the outside without absorbing water.If the temperature of the polymer is below a specific temperature sensing point, evaporation is suppressed because the water is held in the gel,
Unnecessary evaporation at low temperatures is suppressed, and when the temperature of the polymer becomes equal to or higher than the temperature sensing point, free water is discharged from the hydrogel and migrates to the surface of the hydrogel layer. So there is no unnecessary water consumption.

Further, in the case where the above-mentioned thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is dispersed in a porous body or a fiber molded body having a continuous capillary, the temperature-sensitive point of the thermosensitive absorbing and draining polymer is lower than the temperature-sensitive point. In, water is retained in the gel in the structure and does not come out to the surface of the structure, so when the temperature of the structure is below the temperature sensing point, there is almost no evaporation, there is no water loss, and watering management is easy. Above the temperature point, water discharged from the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer successively moves to the surface of the structure by capillary force, so that the evaporation rate increases and efficient cooling is realized.

[0018]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention are shown in FIGS.
It will be described based on. 1a and 1b show an example in which a layer 2 containing a hydrogel (water-absorbing polymer) is laminated on a horizontal plane (land surface) and an inclined surface of a roof / wall structure 1.

The hydrogel referred to here is a soft structure composed of a water-soluble polymer network structure and water. Specific examples include a super-water-absorbing polymer used in paper diapers and the like.
Food gelatin, agar, etc.

As such a structure, a hydrogel made from carboxymethylcellulose crosslinked product, starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, or the like is widely known.

As described above, by providing a layer containing hydrogel on the evaporating surface, water can be fixed and held even on an inclined surface, and if water is properly sprinkled and absorbed in the hydrogel, water is frequently sprinkled. At least cooling of the roof and walls is achieved by continuous evaporation 3.

In this method, the water-absorbed water is directly evaporated without releasing it as water.

FIG. 2 shows an example in which a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is employed as a hydrogel.

Here, the thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer referred to in the present invention means that it absorbs water below the temperature-sensitive point, and does not absorb water above the temperature-sensitive point but discharges water absorbed at a low temperature to the outside. For example, JP-A-7-224119 (a water-absorbing resin was obtained by polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide, sodium acrylate and diacetoneacrylamide in an aqueous solution in the presence of a crosslinking agent), and JP-A-8-100010 (N
-Isopropyl acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, acrylic acid and acidic clay are dissolved and dispersed in water, and an initiator is added and polymerized under a nitrogen gas stream to obtain a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining gel containing inorganic particles.) And N-alkylacrylamide such as N-isopropylacrylamide as a main component monomer. With this type of thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer, the temperature-sensitive point can be set arbitrarily by appropriately selecting a monomer copolymerizable with the N-alkylacrylamide. The temperature point in the present invention is from 25 ° C.
30 ° C. is preferred.

A layer 4 containing the above-mentioned thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer was placed in a groove 5, a shaped structure 6 and a valley 7a of a folded-plate roof 7 for adhesion.

In the figure, reference numeral 8 denotes a rainwater tank (not shown, but connection is made from below the water supply pipe so as not to cause water shortage), 9 denotes a water supply valve, and 10 denotes a supply from the valve 9. Of the outside air temperature sensor 11
Opening / closing control is performed according to the instruction.

(A) When the temperature of the polymer is equal to or lower than a specific temperature (hereinafter, referred to as a temperature sensing point), evaporation is suppressed because water is held in the gel, and unnecessary evaporation at a low temperature is prevented. Can be suppressed. (B) When the temperature of the polymer becomes equal to or higher than the temperature sensing point, free water is discharged from the hydrogel and moves to the surface of the hydrogel layer, so that the same evaporative cooling as in the case of water sprinkling is performed.

3a and 3b show an example of a case where the structure 6 in FIG. 2 has an inclined surface. FIG. 3a shows a multi-hole 17 provided on the inclined surface. Is filled with a layer 4 containing a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer in a stepped cell 18 formed with stepped slopes.

The layers 4,... Which are isolated from each other, receive as much as possible the water 10 which has overflowed, so that the water supply may be controlled under visual observation.

FIG. 4 shows an example in which the layer containing a hydrogel is a layer in which a thermosensitive polymer having a water-absorbing and draining property is dispersed in a porous body or a fiber molding having a continuous capillary. 1 shows an evaporative cooling structure using a polymer mat 12.

FIGS. 5a to 5c show another example of an evaporative cooling structure using a brick or a porous concrete 13 compounded with a temperature-sensitive absorbent polymer. The irregularities on the surface increase the heat transfer area and increase the effect.

FIG. 6 shows a cooling structure in which a non-woven fabric 14 is mixed with a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer in another example.

FIG. 7 shows another example of a cooling structure in which a temperature-sensitive absorbent polymer is mixed in the paint 15 on the surface of the structure 6.

FIG. 8 shows a cooling structure in which a metal scourer-like material 16 is driven into the brick or porous concrete 13 introduced in FIG.

The heat conduction is improved through the metal scourer-like material 16 so that the evaporative cooling effect of the surface can be easily transmitted to the room.

4 to 8, below the temperature-sensitive point of the thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer, water is retained in the gel in the structure and does not come out on the surface of the structure. When the temperature of the structure is lower than the temperature sensing point, evaporation hardly occurs, and there is no loss of water, which facilitates watering management. Above the temperature point, the water discharged from the thermosensitive polymer absorbs and drains one by one and moves to the surface of the structure by capillary force, so that the evaporation rate increases and efficient cooling is realized. In addition, during periods when evaporative cooling is not required, such as in winter, draining water also functions as a pure heat insulating material. As described above, specific examples of the porous body and the molded fiber include resin foams such as urethane foam, molded articles of lightweight foam, fibrous mats, concrete, and paints.

Although not shown in the drawings, in the cooling structure of the present invention, the molded body impregnated with the thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymers having different temperature sensing points is formed in a multilayer structure so as to be able to respond to the temperature of the structural body. As a result, the evaporative cooling effect is further enhanced in accordance with changes in the environment.

The evaporative cooling effect of the present invention was confirmed by experiments.

That is, FIG. 9 shows the temperature inside the box when the thermosensitive absorbent / water-absorbent polymer mat is installed on the upper part (the surroundings are insulated) and the evaporative cooling when the urethane foam mat without evaporative cooling is installed on the upper part. This is a comparison of effects. From the example of the actual measurement results in the summer, the temperature inside the box could be reduced by about 9 ° C. by using the thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer mat.

FIG. 10 shows the evaporative cooling effect (example in Chiba / summer season) of a light-structured roof with actual measurements when a thermosensitive polymer layer is installed and when there is no thermosensitive polymer layer. This is a comparison (temperature point: 30 ° C.). Evaporative cooling effect (example at 13:00) The amount of decrease in outer surface temperature was 39.1 ° C. The amount of decrease in inner surface temperature was 6.6 ° C.

[0041]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained. (A) Pumping power and water resources can be saved because watering is not required at all times. (B) Since the surface is uniformly wetted, evaporative cooling is effectively exhibited. (C) If a water-absorbing polymer is included in a porous material, moisture is sucked up by a capillary tube and evaporative cooling on the surface is induced. (D) The intended use is for roofs and walls of buildings (regardless of the type of building, but it is particularly effective for light structures). (E) Water loss is small and water saving can be achieved. (F) Due to the temperature sensitivity, evaporative cooling can be effectively performed when necessary.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIGS. 1a and 1b are explanatory views of an evaporative cooling structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views of the evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.

FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are explanatory views of the evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an experimental result example of the evaporative cooling effect of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an experimental result example of the evaporative cooling effect of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1; Structure 2; Layer 3; Evaporation 4; Layer 5; Groove 6; Structure 7; Folded-plate roof 7a; Porous polymer mat 13; porous concrete 14; non-woven fabric 15; paint 16; scourer-like material 17; multiple holes 18;

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Toshio Saito 1-5-1 Otsuka, Inzai City, Chiba Prefecture Inside the Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Ikumasa Misaka 1-5-5 Otsuka, Inzai City, Chiba Prefecture No. 1 Inside Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Hiroshi Oka 1-1-21 Nihonbashi Muromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1-1-2 Kojinai Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Koichi Mizutani 1-chome Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki No. 1-1 F-term at Tsukuba University (reference) 2E001 DD04 FA03 FA16 GA08 GA10 GA42 GA81 HD03 HE10 HF04 KA01 LA16

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A structure comprising a layer containing a hydrogel laminated on the outer surface of a structure under the premise of supply from a water-supplyable rainwater tank installed on a rooftop or watering by rainfall. Evaporative cooling roof / wall structure. 2. The water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogel in the layer containing the hydrogel is a temperature-sensitive absorbent / drainage polymer. 3. The water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure according to claim 2, wherein a layer containing a hydrogel of a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is laminated on the surface of the grooved structure. 4. The water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure according to claim 2, wherein the layer containing the hydrogel of the thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is provided on the receiving portion of the folded-plate roof. 5. The water-evaporative cooling roof / wall structure according to claim 2, wherein a layer containing a hydrogel of a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is filled in a plurality of holes provided on the inclined surface of the structure. 6. The water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure according to claim 2, wherein the layer containing the hydrogel of the thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is filled in a stepped cell provided on the inclined surface of the structure. 7. The roof / wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the layer containing the hydrogel is a layer in which a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is dispersed in a porous body having continuous capillaries or a fiber molding. . 8. The roof / wall structure according to claim 7, wherein the layer in which the thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is dispersed is a resin foam such as urethane foam. 9. The roof / wall structure according to claim 7, wherein the layer in which the temperature-sensitive absorbent polymer is dispersed is a molded article of a lightweight foam material. 10. The water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure according to claim 7, wherein the layer in which the thermosensitive absorbent polymer is dispersed is a fibrous mat. 11. The roof / wall structure according to claim 7, wherein the layer in which the thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is dispersed is concrete. 12. The roof / wall structure according to claim 7, wherein the layer in which the thermosensitive polymer absorbs and drains water is a paint. 13. A molding in which an outer surface of a structure is impregnated with a thermosensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer having a different temperature-sensing point, on the premise of supply from a water-supplyable rainwater tank installed on a rooftop or watering by rainfall. Moisture evaporative cooling roof / wall structure characterized in that the body is laminated in multiple layers.