JP4919184B2 - Moisture evaporation cooling roof / wall structure - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure in a low earth environment load type building.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, in order to deplete fossil fuels and useful natural resources and protect the global environment, energy conservation, use of new and unused energy, reduction of greenhouse gas, sulfide and nitrogen oxide emissions, and use of alternative chlorofluorocarbons are being promoted. It is illustrated.
[0003]
Against this backdrop, in the construction field, in order to promote these, the low earth that can harmoniously coexist with the environment by harmonizing with the environment, making good use of natural energy, creating and controlling the internal environment with low load and energy saving There is a growing need for environmentally friendly buildings.
[0004]
As a low-environmentally friendly building that uses natural energy and the natural environment, natural cooling is achieved by reducing the heat flow through the building by evaporative cooling of the water on the roof and outer wall, and energy conservation reduces the internal environment of the building. There is a cooling method using evaporative cooling of water as one of the means for improving comfort. In general, there is a method in which water is sprayed on the roof or outer wall to evaporate and cool, but this method sprays water on the outer surface of the roof or wall, and the evaporation of the water causes latent heat on the outer surface of the roof or wall. It cools to lower the surface temperature, thereby reducing the through-flow heat acquisition into the building and performing natural cooling or reducing the heat load on the cooling equipment.
[0005]
Thus, the method of cooling the inside of a building by the latent heat of evaporation of water or preventing the temperature rise inside the building has been widely studied as a watering type evaporative cooling system.
[0006]
This sprinkling evaporative cooling system consumes much less energy than a cooling system that uses electric power or the like, and is not a total heat generation system like electric cooling, so it is also effective in preventing global warming.
[0007]
In this method, water is generally sprinkled by a sprinkler or the like, but a sprinkler method is also conceivable in which a sprinkler or the like is used and the water flows down from the roof top along a water gradient.
[0008]
There is also a system that uses latent heat of vaporization to store water on the roof like a roof pond, but it becomes heavier, the load on the building structure is large, and sufficient measures against water leakage are necessary, Adopting it is not practical because it increases costs.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In theory, the amount of water sprayed in the evaporative cooling system of the above watering method may be about 1.5 kg / m ² h. However, there is no suitable sprinkler that can perform such a small amount of watering with a long reach (although there are sprinklers for small amounts of watering, the watering radius is small and the amount of watering per unit area is not reduced as a result). In addition, the scattered water may be scattered by the wind in the vicinity of the building, which may cause water loss and problems with the vicinity.
[0010]
In addition, the watering method that flows down along the water gradient from the roof top has a drawback that water is generated and it is difficult to uniformly wet the roof surface, and the evaporative cooling effect is reduced.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and its purpose is to prevent loss of moisture from the viewpoint of preservation of water resources, eliminate unnecessary water consumption, and further, roof Providing a moisture evaporative cooling roof and wall structure that can improve the evaporative cooling effect while preserving water resources, eliminating the unevenness of wetting on the surface and wall surfaces, increasing the evaporative cooling effect with a small amount of water There is to do.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure of the present invention is based on the assumption that the roof / wall is supplied from a rainwater tank that can be sent on a rooftop or supplied with water. A layer containing a hydrogel is laminated on the outer surface of a certain structure so that the surface is uniformly wetted .
[0013]
Moreover, the said hydrogel in the layer containing said hydrogel is made into the temperature-sensitive water absorption / drainage polymer.
[0015]
[Action]
By providing a layer containing hydrogel on the evaporation surface (outer surface of the structure, which is a roof / wall ), water can be uniformly fixed and held even on inclined surfaces, and water can be sprinkled and absorbed by hydrogel in a timely manner. If this is done, continuous evaporative cooling is achieved without frequent watering.
[0016]
In addition, in the case where hydrogel is a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer referred to in the present invention absorbs water below the temperature sensitive point and absorbs water above the temperature sensitive point. This is a resin that discharges water that has been absorbed at low temperatures to the outside, and when the polymer temperature is below a specific temperature point, water is retained in the gel, so evaporation is suppressed and waste at low temperatures When the temperature of the polymer reaches or exceeds the temperature point, free water is discharged from the hydrogel and transferred to the surface of the hydrogel layer. There is no significant water consumption.
[0017]
Furthermore, in a porous body or fiber molded body having continuous capillaries, a layer in which the above-mentioned thermosensitive water-absorbing polymer hydrogel is dispersed is below the temperature-sensitive point of the thermosensitive water-absorbing polymer. in, since water does not come out the retained said structure surface while the water evaporation cooling roof-wall structure gel, the temperature is below the temperature-sensitive point of the structure, does not occur almost evaporated, without water loss , watering management is facilitated, in the above temperature-sensitive point, since the water discharged from the temperature sensing intake aqueous polymer shifts one after another to the structured surface by capillary force higher evaporation rate, efficient cooling is achieved To do.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1a and 1b show an example in which a layer 2 containing a hydrogel (water-absorbing polymer) is laminated on a horizontal surface (land surface) and an inclined surface of a structure 1 which is a roof / wall body.
[0019]
The hydrogels herein, those of soft structure composed of a mesh structure and a water soluble polymer, as a specific example, the superabsorbent polymer used in paper diaper or the like, food gelatin, is agar.
[0020]
As such a structure, a hydrogel using a carboxymethyl cellulose cross-linked product, a starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, or the like as a raw material is widely known.
[0021]
By providing a hydrogel-containing layer on the evaporation surface as described above, water can be fixed and retained even on an inclined surface. If water is sprayed in a timely manner and absorbed by the hydrogel, it will continue even if water is not sprayed frequently. Cooling of the roof and walls is achieved by the typical evaporation 3.
[0022]
In this method, the water absorption is not directly released as water but evaporated directly.
[0023]
FIG. 2 shows an example in which a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer is employed as the hydrogel.
[0024]
Here, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer referred to in the present invention is a resin that absorbs water below the temperature-sensitive point and does not absorb water above the temperature-sensitive point and discharges the water absorbed at a low temperature to the outside. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-224119 (a water-absorbing resin was obtained by aqueous solution polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide, sodium acrylate and diacetone acrylamide in the presence of a crosslinking agent), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-100010 (N-isopropylacrylamide). , Diacetone acrylamide, acrylic acid and acidic clay were dissolved and dispersed in water, and the initiator was added and polymerized under a nitrogen gas stream to obtain a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining gel containing inorganic particles). Examples thereof include a resin obtained by polymerization and crosslinking using N-alkylacrylamide such as N-isopropylacrylamide as a main component monomer. In this type of temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer, a temperature-sensitive point can be arbitrarily set by appropriately selecting a monomer copolymerizable with N-alkylacrylamide. The temperature sensitive point in the present invention is preferably 25 ° C to 30 ° C.
[0025]
The layer 4 containing the above temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer was installed in the groove 5, the shaped structure 6 and the valley 7 a of the folded roof 7 for adhesion.
[0026]
In the figure, 8 is a rainwater tank (not shown, but also connected from below the water supply pipe so as not to cause water shortage), 9 is a water supply valve, and 10 is water supplied from the valve 9. The valve 9 is controlled to open and close according to an instruction from the outside air temperature sensor 11.
[0027]
But
(A) When the temperature of the polymer is lower than a specific temperature (hereinafter referred to as a temperature sensitive point), evaporation is suppressed because water is retained in the gel, and unnecessary evaporation at a low temperature is suppressed.
(B) When the temperature of the polymer reaches the temperature sensing point or more, free water is discharged from the hydrogel and moves to the surface of the hydrogel layer, so that evaporative cooling similar to the case of water spraying is performed.
[0028]
FIGS. 3a and 3b show examples of measures when the structure 6 in FIG. 2 is an inclined surface. FIG. 3a shows a layer containing a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer in the multi-holes 17 provided on the inclined surface. In FIG. B, the stepped ridges 18 formed by forming the inclined surfaces in a step shape are filled with the layer 4 containing the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer.
[0029]
Since the layers 4 separated from each other receive as much of the upper overflowed water 10 as possible, water supply control may be performed under visual observation.
[0030]
FIG. 4 shows an example in which the layer containing the hydrogel is a layer in which a hydrogel of a thermosensitive water-absorbing polymer is dispersed in a porous body or a fiber molded body having continuous capillaries. The evaporative cooling structure using the polymer mat 12 is shown.
[0031]
FIGS. 5a to 5c show other examples of evaporative cooling structures using bricks or porous concrete 13 compounded with a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer. The unevenness on the surface increases the heat transfer area and increases the effect.
[0032]
FIG. 6 shows another example of the cooling structure in which the nonwoven fabric 14 is mixed with a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer.
[0033]
FIG. 7 is another example, and shows a cooling structure in which a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer is mixed in the paint 15 on the surface of the structure 6.
[0034]
FIG. 8 shows another example of a cooling structure in which the metal scrubbing member 16 is driven into the brick or porous concrete 13 introduced in FIG. 4 described above.
[0035]
The heat conduction is improved through the metal scrubbing material 16, and the evaporative cooling effect on the surface is easily transmitted to the room.
[0036]
In the case of FIGS. 4 to 8, below the temperature sensing point of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer, water is retained in the gel in the moisture evaporative cooling roof / wall structure , and is not exposed to the structure surface. Since there is no leverage, evaporation hardly occurs when the temperature of the structure is equal to or lower than the temperature sensing point, and there is no loss of water, facilitating watering management. The above temperature-sensitive point, the water discharged from the temperature sensing intake aqueous polymer evaporation rate since the transition one after another to the structured surface is higher in capillary force, efficient cooling is realized. In addition, during periods when evaporative cooling is not required, such as in winter, it functions as a pure heat insulating material by draining water. Specific examples of the porous body and the fiber molded body include resin foams such as urethane foam, lightweight foam molded bodies, fibrous mats, concrete, paints and the like as described above.
[0038]
The evaporative cooling effect according to the present invention was confirmed by experiments.
[0039]
That is, FIG. 9 shows a comparison of the evaporative cooling effect between the temperature inside the box when the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer mat is installed at the top (the surroundings are thermally insulated) and the foamed urethane mat without evaporative cooling at the top. It is. From the example of the actual measurement result in summer, the temperature inside the box could be lowered by about 9 ° C. by using the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer mat.
[0040]
Moreover, FIG. 10 is a comparison of the evaporative cooling effect (example in Chiba / Summer) measured when a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer layer is installed on a light structure roof and when there is no temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer layer. (Sensing point 30 ° C.).
Evaporative cooling effect (example at 13:00)
Amount of decrease in outer surface temperature 39.1 ° C
Amount of decrease in inner surface temperature 6.6 ° C
Met.
[0041]
【Effect of the invention】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
(B) Since watering is not always required, pump power and water resources can be saved.
(B) Evaporative cooling is effectively achieved because the surface is uniformly wetted.
(C) If water-absorbing polymer is included in the porous material, moisture is sucked up by a capillary tube to induce evaporative cooling on the surface.
(D) Use is for roofs and walls of buildings (regardless of building type, but light structure is particularly effective).
(E) Less water loss and water saving.
(F) The temperature sensitivity enables evaporative cooling effectively when necessary.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A and 1B are explanatory views of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.
FIGS. 3a and 3b are explanatory views of the evaporative cooling structure of the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an evaporative cooling structure of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an experimental result example of the evaporative cooling effect of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an experimental result example of the evaporative cooling effect of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1; Structure 2; Layer 3; Evaporation 4; Layer 5; Groove 6; Groove 6; Structure 7; Folded plate roof 7a; Valley 8: Rainwater tank 9; Water supply valve 10; Moisture 11: Outside temperature sensor 12; Porous polymer mat 13; porous concrete 14; non-woven fabric 15; paint 16; scrubbing material 17; multi-hole 18;

Claims (2)

In the evaporative cooling roof / wall structure, assuming the supply from a rainwater tank installed on the rooftop or the water supply in the rain,
A layer containing a hydrogel is laminated on the outer surface of the structure that is the roof / wall so that the surface is uniformly wetted, and the hydrogel in the layer containing the hydrogel is used as a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer. A water evaporation cooling roof / wall structure characterized in that a layer containing a hydrogel of a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining polymer is filled and laminated in a multi-hole provided in an inclined surface of the structure which is a roof / wall. In the evaporative cooling roof / wall structure, assuming the supply from a rainwater tank installed on the rooftop or the water supply in the rain,
A layer containing a hydrogel is laminated on the outer surface of the structure that is the roof / wall so that the surface is uniformly wetted, and the hydrogel in the layer containing the hydrogel is used as a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer. A water-evaporated cooling roof / wall structure characterized in that a layer containing a hydrogel of a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing / draining polymer is filled and laminated in a stepped ridge provided on the inclined surface of the structure which is a roof / wall.

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