JP2002275852A - Water absorber and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water absorber for removing unrequired water or a water absorber having the sandbag function for reducing weight and the volume at carrying time, sufficiently satisfying the weight, the volume and the shape follow-up function of an external shape by absorbing water at using time, repeatedly usable by drying, and having shape stability, to provide a water absorber having water absorptivity higher than a conventional water absorber, and to contribute to a global environment by forming a product having a higher added value by using a high polymer waste material such as resin or an inorganic solid waste material such as metal and ceramics troubled with disposal as waste. SOLUTION: This water absorber is characterized by including (a) acrylonitrile desirably obtained from the waste material, and (b) a modified high molecular compound by introducing an acid group into a high molecular compound including at least one or more kinds of styrene and/or conjugate diene in a water permeable bag-shaped body.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water absorbing body used for removing unnecessary water remaining due to water leakage or flooding, and a sandbag used for preventing or repairing the embankment of a river due to flooding or the like. The present invention relates to a water absorbing body having the function of

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a water absorber used for removing unnecessary water remaining due to water leakage or flooding, a fibrous material such as cloth has been used. However, when a large amount of water needs to be removed, such as a rupture of a water pipe due to a disaster such as an earthquake, a large-scale flooding of water over a wide area due to flood damage, or a leak from a tank in a factory, the water absorption capacity of such conventional water absorbers Was not enough. The water-absorbing body having the function of a sandbag is a civil engineering material for preventing flooding of rivers and lakes due to a flood or the like. Conventionally, for example, a hemp bag filled with soil has been used. Such a conventional water absorber has been produced near a disaster site because it is difficult to transport because of its large weight and volume.
In the event of a disaster, it is necessary to immediately apply a water absorber having the function of a sandbag to the necessary places when necessary.
In the case of the conventional water absorber, its production often cannot keep up with the required amount. In addition, when carrying the water absorbing body from a distance, the water absorbing body must be carried using a vehicle or the like, and labor for loading and unloading the water absorbing body is required. Furthermore, vehicles may not be able to pass to the disaster site due to road collapse. Under such circumstances, more human life property was lost due to floods.

[0003]

As described above, a conventional water absorber or a water absorber having the function of a sandbag used for removing unnecessary water remaining in water or flooding is large in both weight and volume, and is transportable. It takes labor. Therefore, there is a demand for a water absorber that is small in both weight and volume and easy to carry. According to the present invention, both the weight and the volume are small during transportation, and the water absorbing body having the function of a water absorbing body for removing unnecessary water or a sandbag, which absorbs water during use and sufficiently satisfies the function of following the shape of the weight, volume and external shape. The purpose is to provide. Another object of the present invention is to provide a water absorbent that can be repeatedly used by drying and has shape stability. Another object of the present invention is to provide a water absorber having a higher water absorption than a conventional water absorber or a water absorber having a function as a sandbag used for removing unnecessary water remaining in water or flooding. Furthermore, the present invention uses a polymer waste material such as a resin or an inorganic solid waste material such as a metal or a ceramic, for example, which has been difficult to treat as a waste, and provides a higher value-added product to the global environment. The purpose is to contribute.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that a polymer compound containing acrylonitrile and styrene and / or a conjugated diene in which an acidic group has been introduced is modified. It has been unexpectedly obtained that the above-mentioned object can be achieved at once by using a molecular compound. That is, such compounds have water absorption,
Since it takes on a gel shape due to water absorption, both weight and volume are small during transportation, and it absorbs water during use and has high functionality that sufficiently satisfies the function of following the shape of weight, volume and external shape. A water-absorbing body having the function of a body or a sandbag can be provided. Furthermore, a water absorbent using the modified polymer compound as a water absorbing material has an excellent utility of being able to cope with urgency in use since the water absorbing speed is higher than that of a conventional sandbag. In addition, the water absorbing body can contribute to the global environment by recycling polymer waste materials such as resins or inorganic solid waste materials such as metals and ceramics, which were troubled as wastes. It also has the advantage.

That is, the present invention relates to a modified polymer in which an acidic group is introduced into a polymer containing (1) (a) acrylonitrile and (b) at least one of styrene and / or conjugated diene. And a support, wherein the water-absorbent body is contained in a water-permeable bag-like body, (2) the water-absorbent body according to (1), wherein the support is a flexible network, 3) The water-absorbent material according to the above item (1), wherein the modified polymer compound is supported by a support, and (4) a solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is contained in the water-permeable bag. (5) The water absorbent according to (4), wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of a natural mineral. (4) The solid material according to (4), wherein the solid matter having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of waste. (7) The water-absorbent material according to (4), wherein the solid material having a specific gravity of 1 or more is formed by binding wastes. (8) The solid material having a specific gravity of 1 or more. Is made of magnetic waste, and relates to the water absorber according to the above (4).

Further, according to the present invention, an acidic group is introduced into a polymer compound containing (a) acrylonitrile obtained from waste material and (b) at least one of styrene and / or conjugated diene. (10) The modified polymer compound and the support are contained in a water-permeable bag-like body, (10) The support according to the above (9), wherein the support is a flexible network. (11) The water absorbent according to the above (9), wherein the modified polymer compound is supported by a support, and (12) a solid substance having a specific gravity of 1 or more is a water-permeable bag. (13) The water-absorbing body according to (9), wherein the water-absorbing body is contained in the body.
(12) The water absorbent according to (12), wherein the solid is made of a natural mineral, and (14) the solid is a waste having a specific gravity of 1 or more. (15) wherein the solid substance having a specific gravity of 1 or more is formed by binding waste.
(16) The water absorbent according to (12), wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of magnetic waste.

Further, the present invention provides a modified polymer in which an acidic group is introduced into a polymer containing (17) (a) acrylonitrile and (b) at least one of styrene and / or conjugated diene. And the support,
(18) The method for producing a water absorbent according to the above (17), wherein the support is a flexible network, and (19) Modification. (17) The method for producing a water-absorbent body according to the above (17), wherein the polymer compound is supported by a support, and (20) a solid substance having a specific gravity of 1 or more is filled in the water-permeable bag. (21) The method for producing a water absorbent according to (20), wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of a natural mineral. (22) The method for producing a water absorbent according to the above (20), wherein the solid matter having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of waste.
(23) The method for producing a water-absorbing body according to (20), wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is formed by binding wastes, and (24) a solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more. (2) It is made of magnetic waste.
0).

Further, the present invention relates to (25) acrylonitrile obtained from waste material and (b) styrene and / or
Alternatively, a water-absorbent material, wherein a water-permeable bag is filled with a modified polymer in which an acidic group is introduced into a polymer containing at least one conjugated diene and a support. (26) The method for producing a water absorbent according to (25), wherein the support is a flexible network.
(27) The method for producing a water-absorbent body according to (25), wherein the modified polymer compound is supported by a support; (28) Further, a solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is added to a water-permeable bag. (29) The method for producing a water-absorbent body according to the above (25), wherein the solid substance having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of a natural mineral. (30) The method for producing a water absorbent according to the above (28), wherein the solid substance having a specific gravity of 1 or more is a waste. Wherein (2) is formed by binding
The present invention relates to the method for producing a water absorbent according to (8) and (32) the method for producing a water absorbent according to (28), wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of magnetic waste.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Hereinafter, a water absorber 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 will be described as a water absorber to which the present invention is applied and which has a function of a water absorber or sandbag for removing unnecessary water. The water absorbing body 1 having the function of a water absorbing body or sandbag for removing unnecessary water according to the present invention,
Contains a water-permeable bag 2 and a modified polymer in which an acidic group is introduced into a polymer containing acrylonitrile, styrene and / or conjugated diene, which is contained in the water-permeable bag 2. And a support 4. More specifically, the water-absorbing body 1 according to the present invention having a function of a water-absorbing body for removing unnecessary water or a sandbag is in a dry state, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. It is composed of a material 3a and a support 4, and in a water-swelling state, as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 2, is composed of a water-absorbing material 3b containing the modified polymer compound and a support 4. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in a dry state of the water-absorbing body 1 according to the present invention in which a solid 5 having a specific gravity of 1 or more is contained, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view in a water-absorbing swelling state.

The polymer compound containing (a) acrylonitrile and (b) at least one kind of styrene and / or conjugated diene used in the present invention includes:
The compound preferably contains about 5 to 80 mol%, preferably about 10 to 60 mol%, more preferably about 20 to 50 mol% of acrylonitrile units in the compound. In order for the resulting modified polymer compound to function effectively as a water-absorbing polymer compound without substantially exhibiting water solubility when the polymer compound is treated with an acid, the content is about 5 mol%. The above is preferable. Further, the polymer compound is prevented from being hardened, and it is easy to pulverize the polymer compound into small pieces in the process of producing the water absorbent according to the present invention, while styrene and / or conjugated in the polymer compound are reduced. The content is preferably about 80 mol% or less in order to prevent the diene unit content from decreasing and the rate of introduction of acidic groups from decreasing, and to exhibit water absorption, particularly water absorption in an aqueous electrolyte solution. .

As the polymer compound used in the present invention, at least one of styrene and / or a conjugated diene (for example, butadiene or isoprene) as a constitutional unit other than acrylonitrile is contained in an amount of about 20 to 95 mol%, preferably about 20 to 95 mol%. Is about 40-85 mol%
And more preferably about 50 to 80 mol%. These styrene and / or conjugated diene constituent units are such that an acidic group is introduced into the compound by subjecting the polymer compound to an acid treatment, and the water absorbing property of the absorbent polymer compound to be purified, particularly with respect to the aqueous electrolyte solution, Necessary for improving water absorption.

The polymer compound used in the present invention may further contain another constituent unit as long as the acrylonitrile and styrene and / or conjugated diene are contained in predetermined amounts. These other constituent units are not particularly limited, but include, for example, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, α-methylstyrene, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid or acrylate, methacrylic acid or methacrylic acid ester, acetic acid Examples thereof include vinyl, vinyl chloride, ethylene, propylene, butylene, vinylpyrrolidone, and vinylpyridine. The acrylate and methacrylate preferably have about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and may be saturated or unsaturated.

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer compound used in the present invention is generally about 1,000 to 20,
About 1,000,000, preferably about 10,000 to 1.0
It is about 00,000. In order for the resulting modified polymer compound to effectively function as a water-absorbing polymer compound without substantially exhibiting water solubility when the polymer compound is treated with an acid, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is about It is preferable that it is about 1,000 or more. In addition, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) is about 2 to promote the acid treatment reaction for introducing an acidic group into the copolymer efficiently and to shorten the reaction time.
It is preferable that it is about 0,000,000 or less.

As the polymer compound used in the present invention, specifically, for example, ABS (acrylonitrile-
Butadiene-styrene) resin, SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile) resin, ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylamide) resin, ACS (acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene) resin, AAS (acrylonitrile-acrylate-styrene) resin, NB
It is preferable to use a polymer material such as R (acrylonitrile-butadiene) rubber. These materials may be newly produced unused resin granules (virgin pellets), or may be used resins or waste materials molded for specific applications. As waste materials,
For example, there are waste products (semi-finished products) in the production process of resin raw materials and molded products, housings and various parts materials already used for electric appliances and automobiles, or tubes, hoses, various cushioning materials, and the like. The used resin refers to a resin recovered from the above waste materials. Waste materials in the present invention may be any waste materials from factories, stores, homes, etc., but rather than general waste from homes, etc., collected from factories, stores, etc. Waste materials are more preferable because many of them have relatively uniform compositions.

The polymer compound used in the present invention may be an alloy of the polymer material and another resin, for example, a face dye, a stabilizer, a flame retardant, a plasticizer, a filler, and other auxiliary materials. A used resin or a waste material containing a known additive such as an agent may be used. Further, a mixture of used resin or waste material and unused material (virgin material) may be used. As the other resin that can be mixed with the polymer material in the alloy, a resin known per se may be used, but a resin that does not inhibit the acid treatment of the present invention is preferable. Specific examples of such a resin include polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, and polyester. The mixing amount of these resins is approximately 60 to the above-mentioned polymer material in order to smoothly carry out the acid treatment.
It is preferable that the content is not more than about weight%.

The polymer compound used in the present invention is preferably made into small pieces for convenience in acid treatment for introducing an acidic group. The method for forming the small pieces is not particularly limited, but the following methods can be mentioned. For example, there is a method of sieving after crushing by a crusher. In particular, when the polymer compound contains a rubber component, it is preferable to pulverize after freezing. Further, there is also a method of heating and melting to pelletize (granulate) into fine beads. The size of the small piece of the polymer compound is preferably about 3.5 mesh or less. The surface area of the reactant increases to facilitate the acid treatment reaction, shorten the reaction time, and increase the acid group density in the formation of acidic groups by the acid treatment to improve water absorption (performance as a water-absorbing polymer compound). The above range is preferable for this purpose.

When the polymer compound of the present invention further contains an inorganic substance, an acid treatment for introducing an acidic group is promoted (the periphery of the inorganic pigment is easily treated with an acid, that is, the inorganic compound is not reacted during the reaction. Since the pigment is detached from the polymer compound and the acid easily penetrates into the surface of the polymer compound), the acid group density increases in the formation of the acid group by the acid treatment,
Water absorption is improved. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the polymer compound contains an inorganic substance.

As the inorganic substance, carbon black and / or titanium oxide is preferable. These carbon blacks and titanium oxides may be, for example, those generally used as a coloring agent, a reinforcing agent, or an electrical conductivity imparting agent for plastics. Specifically, as the carbon black, for example, those manufactured by any of the channel method, the furnace method, and the thermal method may be used, each may be used alone, or a plurality of them may be used in combination. . The average particle size is usually about 0.005 to 100.
It is about μm, preferably about 0.01 to 10 μm. The titanium oxide may be, for example, any of rutile-type, anatase-type, and ultrafine-particle titanium, each of which may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination. The average particle size is usually about 0.01 to 50 μm.
m, preferably about 0.05 to 10 μm.
The content of the carbon black and titanium oxide contained in the polymer compound is about 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably about 0.05% by weight, based on the dry weight of the polymer compound.
About 10% by weight.

The water-absorbent material of the present invention comprises, as one of its constituents, a modified polymer compound in which an acidic group is introduced into the above-mentioned polymer compound. Examples of the method for introducing an acidic group into the polymer compound include a method of treating the polymer compound with an acid. By converting the polymer compound to an acid, conversion to a water-absorbing polymer compound is performed. More specifically, part of acrylonitrile in the polymer compound becomes an amide or a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, while
An acidic group is introduced into styrene or a conjugated diene.

As the acid used in the acid treatment of the present invention, an inorganic acid capable of introducing an acidic group into styrene or a conjugated diene is preferable. Specific examples of the inorganic acid include sulfonating agents such as concentrated sulfuric acid, sulfuric anhydride, fuming sulfuric acid, and chlorosulfonic acid, and nitric acid, fuming nitric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorus chloride, and phosphorus oxide. Among these, concentrated sulfuric acid,
Sulfuric anhydride, fuming sulfuric acid, and chlorosulfonic acid are preferred, and concentrated sulfuric acid of about 70% by weight or more is more preferred. These inorganic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When used in combination, they may be mixed or added sequentially. For example, by first treating the above-mentioned polymer compound with concentrated sulfuric acid and then adding sulfuric anhydride, it is possible to obtain a water-absorbing polymer compound which is water-based and stable in shape. This is because the nitrile portion in the polymer compound is primarily subjected to a hydrolysis reaction by the treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid, and then the styrene or conjugated diene portion is forcibly sulfone-crosslinked by treatment with sulfuric anhydride. This is because a water-absorbing polymer compound having a high degree of crosslinking can be obtained. Therefore, the above acid treatment is one of the preferred embodiments of the acid treatment in the present invention.

The amount (prepared amount) of the inorganic acid used in the reaction is about 1 to 500 times, preferably about 10 to 200 times the weight of the above-mentioned polymer compound. By increasing the rate of introduction of an acidic group into styrene or a conjugated diene or the rate of hydrolysis of an acrylonitrile group, the production of an acidic group is promoted, and in order to impart water absorption, the amount of the inorganic acid charged is controlled by the above-mentioned polymer. About 1 or more times the weight of the compound is preferred. From the viewpoint of economy and workability, the amount of the inorganic acid to be charged is preferably about 500 times or less based on the weight of the polymer compound.

The acid treatment in the present invention may be performed in an inorganic acid, or may be performed in a system using an organic solvent. Examples of the organic solvent that can be used in the acid treatment include aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons having about 1 to 2 carbon atoms (preferably 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, and the like), and aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons (preferably cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, cyclopentane, etc.), nitromethane, nitrobenzene, sulfur dioxide, paraffinic hydrocarbons (preferably having about 1 to 7 carbon atoms), acetonitrile, carbon disulfide, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran Pyran, 1,
2-dimethoxyethane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, thiophene and the like. Preferably, it has 1 carbon atom
About 2 aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbons, nitromethane, nitrobenzene and sulfur dioxide. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the mixed solvent, the mixing ratio is not particularly limited. The amount of these organic solvents is preferably less than about 200 times the weight of the polymer compound. The above range is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the reaction rate of the acid treatment and from the economical viewpoint.

In the above acid treatment, a Lewis base may be used if desired. Examples of the Lewis base include alkyl phosphates (eg, triethyl phosphate or trimethyl phosphate), dioxane, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, ethyl palmitate, and the like.
Examples include diethyl ether and thioxane. In addition,
The inorganic acid or organic solvent once used in the acid treatment may be recovered and used as it is after the reaction, or may be recovered by a method such as extraction or distillation and used again for the reaction.

In the present invention, an acid group is introduced into the styrene and / or conjugated diene unit by subjecting the above polymer compound to the above-mentioned acid treatment, while a nitrile group is introduced into the acrylonitrile unit by a hydrolysis reaction. By being converted into an amide group or a carboxyl group, it is converted into a modified polymer compound having water absorption (water-absorbing polymer compound).

By the above acid treatment, styrene or conjugated die
As an acidic group (ionic group) introduced into the unit
Is, for example, the formula -SO₃M (where M is a hydrogen atom or
For example, cations such as metals such as sodium and potassium
Represent. A) a sulfo group which may form a salt represented by the formula:
-PO (OM₁) (OM₂) Or the formula -CH₂PO
(OM₁) (OM₂) (Where M₁And M₂Are the same
One or different, as defined for M above. Formed salt) represented
An optional substituent, -NO₂To mention
it can. In addition, the formula -OSO₃M (where M is the aforementioned
A sulfate group which may form a salt represented by
Formula -OPO (OM₁) (OM₂) (Where M ₁And M₂Is
The same or different, and is the same as M above. )
A phospho group which may form a salt of the formula
₃(Where M₃Is equivalent to M. ) To form a salt represented by
An optionally substituted hydroxyl group, formula -COOM₄(Where M₄Is M
And the same meaning. Carbo which may form a salt represented by)
Xyl groups and the like. Among these acidic groups,
A ruho group or a salt thereof is preferred. One of these acidic groups
May be introduced into the polymer compound, or two
Or more may be introduced into the polymer compound.

However, in order to satisfy the performance as a water-absorbing polymer compound, the amount of the acidic group contained in the modified polymer compound should be about 5 to 95 mol% based on all monomer units.
About 10 mol%, preferably about 10 to 70 mol%. In order that the modified polymer compound does not substantially exhibit water solubility and effectively exhibits water absorption, the amount of the acidic group is preferably about 95 mol% or less based on all monomer units. Further, in order to effectively maintain the effect of water absorption, the amount of the acidic group,
About 5 mol% or more based on all monomer units is preferred.

When the acidic group in the modified polymer compound is a sulfo group, the copolymer is directly combined with the aforementioned sulfonating agent such as concentrated sulfuric acid, sulfuric anhydride, fuming sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid. The sulfo group is introduced by reacting or reacting the polymer compound with a sulfonating agent in a state of being dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent, and subsequently the sulfo group is converted into a basic substance (for example, sodium hydroxide or Neutralization with potassium hydroxide or the like allows conversion to a sulfonate. Further, when the acidic group in the modified polymer compound is a —PO (OH) ₂ group, phosphorus trioxide is added to a solvent, and the resultant is further hydrolyzed to first form a —PO (OH) ₂ group. After being introduced, the salt can be obtained by reacting with a basic compound (eg, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide).
The acid groups of the modified polymer compound is _-CH 2 PO (O
H) In the case of _two groups or a salt thereof, the acidic group can be introduced into the polymer compound by a method known per se. The acidic group in the modified polymer compound is -N
When the compound is an O ₂ group, the acidic group of the polymer compound can be introduced by reacting the mixed solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid with the polymer compound.

As a method for introducing a sulfate group which may form a salt, preferably, the above-mentioned polymer compound having an unsaturated bond is reacted with a high-temperature sulfuric acid aqueous solution to first introduce a sulfate group, By reacting with a basic compound (eg, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide), a sulfate can be obtained. As a method for introducing a carboxyl group which may form a salt, preferably, n-butyllithium is added to the polymer compound having an aromatic ring, and then the carboxyl group is first reacted with dry ice to form a carboxyl group. A group can be introduced, and then a carboxylic acid salt can be obtained by reacting with a basic compound (for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide).

--OPO (OH) _{2 which} may form a salt
As a method for introducing a group, preferably, -OPO (OH) ₂ group is first introduced by adding phosphorus trioxide to the above-mentioned polymer compound having an unsaturated bond, followed by hydrolysis, and thereafter, a basic compound ( (E.g., sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) to give the same salt. As a method for introducing a hydroxyl group which may form a salt, preferably, the above-described polymer compound having an unsaturated bond is reacted with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to firstly introduce a hydroxyl group, and thereafter, a basic compound ( (E.g., sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) to give the same salt.

The acid treatment reaction in the present invention is preferably carried out under the following conditions in order to introduce the above-mentioned predetermined amount of acidic group into the copolymer. The reaction temperature varies greatly depending on whether or not an organic solvent is used.
The temperature is about 200 ° C, preferably about 30 to 120 ° C. To increase the reaction rate to some extent from the viewpoint of practicality, and to obtain a modified polymer compound as a water-absorbing polymer compound having good performance, the reaction temperature is about 0 ° C.
Preferably, it is at least about. The reaction temperature is preferably about 200 ° C. or less in order to prevent the molecular chain of the polymer compound from being broken by thermal decomposition and the modified polymer compound from being dissolved in water.
The reaction time of the acid treatment varies greatly depending on the reaction temperature and cannot be unconditionally determined, but is generally about 1 minute to 40 hours, preferably about 5 minutes to 2 hours. The above range is preferable in order to allow the reaction to proceed sufficiently and increase production efficiency.

In the present invention, the reaction product obtained as described above may be subjected to a post-treatment known per se. Specifically, it is preferable to wash the reactants. As a method for washing the reaction product, the reaction solution is directly added to a large amount of water or a basic aqueous solution, or the reaction product is first filtered from the same reaction system with a filter or the like, and the reaction product is added with a large amount of water or a basic solution. For example, a method of pouring into an aqueous solution may be mentioned. At this time,
The nitrile group in the polymer compound is converted into an amide group or a carboxyl group and / or a salt thereof. Incidentally, as the basic substance used in the basic aqueous solution,
Examples thereof include compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, acetates, sulfates, and phosphates of alkali metals (such as sodium, lithium, and potassium) and alkaline earth metals (such as magnesium and calcium). However, in order to improve the absorption effect (particularly the absorption effect on an aqueous electrolyte solution) of the modified polymer compound exhibiting water absorption and the deodorizing effect of ammonia gas and the like, it is desirable to perform only water washing without neutralization.

The reaction product obtained as described above is in the form of a gel. After that, the desired water-absorbing polymer compound can be obtained by drying in sunlight, heating, reduced pressure, centrifugation, pressing and the like. By the treatment method described above, a nitrile group and the same hydrolyzate (amide group or carboxyl group and / or a salt thereof) and a water-absorbing polymer compound having an acidic group can be obtained. It has an unreacted nitrile group to improve water insolubility and gel strength, and has a higher water absorption (particularly with respect to the aqueous electrolyte solution) due to a hydrolyzate of the nitrile group and an acidic group. Will be done.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned modified polymer compound is an essential requirement, and a material having a simple water absorbing function can be used in combination. Known water absorbing materials can be used for these materials. Examples of these materials include gel cross-linked products such as polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyoxyethylene, polyamino acid, and poly (N-alkylvinylacetamide), or gel cross-linked copolymers mainly composed of the units. And modified products obtained by cross-linking and grafting with hydrophilic polymers including polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose. Among them, a polymer compound containing acrylonitrile and styrene or a conjugated diene, which is one of the objects of the present invention, or a used resin or waste material is used for the purpose of effectively using it as a material having higher added value. Are preferred.

As a material of the water-permeable bag 2 of the present invention, a cloth of natural fiber or synthetic fiber is used. Examples of the natural fiber include cotton, hemp, and silk.
Examples of the synthetic fiber include polyamide, polyimide, polyester, polyethylene, and polypropylene. It is preferable that these fibers are singly or mixed and knitted or woven into a cloth. However, in some cases, it may be a nonwoven fabric. Further, depending on the case, it may be one in which pores penetrating the front and back of the film-like body are formed.

The shape or material of the support 4 of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can support the modified polymer compound. Here, “support” means the water-permeable bag-like body 2
In order to prevent the modified polymer compound from tilting extremely in the above, the modified polymer compound may be attached or impregnated. As the support, specifically, a flexible network is preferable. As the flexible net 4, a cloth of natural fibers or synthetic fibers is used. As the material, the same material as the material of the water-permeable bag 2 can be used. That is, examples of the natural fiber include cotton, hemp, and silk. Examples of the synthetic fiber include polyamide, polyimide, polyester, polyethylene, and polypropylene. It is preferable that these fibers are singly or mixed and knitted or woven into a cloth. However, in some cases, nonwoven fabric or paper may be used. Further, depending on the case, it may be one in which pores penetrating the front and back of the film-like body are formed.

In this case, the occupancy of the through-holes in the support 4, preferably the flexible net, is preferably higher than that of the water-permeable bag 2, whereby the water absorption is improved. By adhering or impregnating the support with a water-soluble modified polymer compound, the water-absorbing modified polymer compound can be fixed to the support. Thereby, even if the water-absorbing body according to the present invention is used repeatedly by absorbing water, drying after use, and then reusing it, the water-absorbing modified polymer compound becomes out of shape such as being biased inside the water-absorbing body. Can be prevented, and the number of times of repeated use can be increased.

As a method of fixing the support of the present invention by adhering or impregnating the water-absorbing modified polymer, the support may be dispersed in water by dispersing the water-absorbing modified polymer in a water-absorbing state. A method of coating and drying the system can be mentioned. In addition, as the method, a method in which a dispersion of the water-absorbing modified polymer in a non-swelling state in an organic liquid is applied to the support and dried. As a result, the operation of coating and drying can be simplified and the energy used can be reduced, so that it is suitably used in the present invention. Further, as the method, a method in which water or an organic liquid is contained in the support, and the water-absorbing modified polymer compound in a dry state is adhered to the support and dried. The sheet-like body fixed by adhering or impregnating the above-mentioned water-absorbing modified polymer compound to the support by the method as described above can be obtained by performing a compression operation using a static pressure press or a roller. In this case, the heating can be performed at room temperature, but it is more effective to perform the heating at room temperature or higher.

In the present invention, a solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more can be present in the water-permeable bag. In this way, when the water-absorbing body of the present invention is used as a sandbag, there is an advantage that the water-absorbing body is less likely to be washed away by water or the like, particularly in an initial stage of installation. Examples of the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more according to the present invention include those formed of natural minerals, those formed of waste, and those formed by binding waste. Examples of these materials include metals, ceramics, glass, and materials in which these are bonded to each other. For such binding, a polymer material having a specific gravity of 1 or less can be used. The polymer material used for the binding is not particularly limited, for example, polystyrene, styrene-propylene copolymer,
Styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-vinyl chloride copolymer, styrene-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-
Acrylic ester copolymer, styrene-methacrylic ester copolymer, polyester resin, polyvinyl alcohol, water-soluble resin such as casein or sodium polyacrylate, alcohol-soluble resin such as copolymerized nylon or methoxymethylated nylon, polyurethane,
Curable resins that form a three-dimensional network structure, such as melamine resin or epoxy resin, and the like can be given.

In the present invention, a magnetic substance having a specific gravity of 1 or more can be used. Due to this magnetism, there is an advantage that the water-absorbing body according to the present invention can be magnetically sucked, and can be transported by a crane or the like. In addition, there is an advantage that the sandbag can be identified by the magnetism. Those having magnetism include those having ferrimagnetism, ferromagnetism, or parasitic magnetism. More specifically, as the ferromagnetic material, iron, nickel, cobalt or an alloy thereof, or an alloy containing these, further, a transition metal or an alloy thereof, further, an alloy containing a rare earth element. it can. Further, examples of the ferrimagnetic material include magnetite, maghemite, hematite, manganese zinc ferrite, manganese nickel ferrite, barium ferrite, and strontium ferrite.
These may be those made of natural minerals, those made of waste, and those formed by binding waste. These materials can increase the weight of the water absorbing body in comparison with a general inorganic material, and have an effect of relatively increasing the weight of the water absorbing body in a water absorbing state. In addition, since these materials can be obtained from inductor elements of used electric devices, deflection yokes of speakers and televisions, and are difficult to process in disassembly processing of electronic devices, they are also useful from the viewpoint of effective utilization. is there.

[0040]

EXAMPLES Here, a sample was actually prepared as an example of a water-absorbing material according to the present invention, and a comparative sample and an evaluation thereof were performed. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

Example 1 1 part by weight of ABS resin waste material was added to 30 parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid (96% by weight),
The reaction was performed for 0 minutes. In addition, as ABS resin waste material, 8mm
A resin used for the black portion of a cassette tape guard panel, which contains 52 mol% of styrene, 28 mol% of acrylonitrile, 20 mol% of butadiene, and 2 wt% of carbon black. Of 16-32 mesh which were pulverized by a frozen shredder was used. After completion of the reaction, the solid matter in the system was filtered with a glass filter, washed with water, neutralized with 50 parts by weight of 1N sodium hydroxide solution, further washed with sufficient water, and the pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 8 or less. When it was no longer, it was taken out and dried in a circulating drier at 105 ° C. for 2 hours. By this operation, a black solid was obtained. From the elemental analysis result of sulfur, it was confirmed that the sulfo group in this solid was 33 mol% in all monomer units. The sodium content was almost equimolar to the sulfo group (1.1). The above black solid was pulverized to have an average particle size of 0.8 mm. This was dispersed in cyclohexane, dip-coated on gauze, and dried to impregnate the support with the water-absorbing modified polymer compound. The dried sheet was cut, and the sheet pieces pressed under a static pressure of 100 ° C. were laminated and sealed in a bag made of thick cotton cloth.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 The same weight of the crushed black solid material prepared in the example was sealed in a bag made of the same cotton cloth of the same shape as above to prepare a water absorbing body. The water-absorbent bodies obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were immersed at a depth of 1 cm.
Was placed on a uniform water surface, and its water-absorbing swelling and drying by sunlight were repeated 5 times. As a result, in the comparative example, although a small amount, exudation of the water-absorbing modified polymer compound was observed, and the distribution of the water-absorbing modified polymer compound in the water-absorbing body was biased. On the other hand, in the water-absorbent body of the example, exudation of the water-absorbing modified polymer compound was not observed, and further, the distribution of the water-absorbing modified polymer compound in the water-absorbing body was not biased. .

[0043]

The water absorbent according to the present invention has a higher water absorption than a conventional water absorbent or a water absorbent having the function of a sandbag, which is used for removing unnecessary water remaining in water or flooding.
It can sufficiently cope with a case where a large amount of water needs to be absorbed or a case where the water must be quickly absorbed. It can be applied not only to pure water, but also to water containing electrolytes such as seawater, sewage, and muddy water. it can. Further, the present invention provides a water absorbing body which is small in weight and volume during transportation and sufficiently satisfies the function of following the shape of weight, volume and external shape by absorbing water during use, and particularly useful as a sandbag. Further, the water absorbent according to the present invention has an advantage that it can be used repeatedly.

The water-absorbing material according to the present invention can be produced by using a used resin or a waste material. If necessary, a solid material having a specific gravity of 1 or more is hardly treated in the dismantling process of electronic equipment. It can be made by
It also has the advantage that it can contribute to the global environment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a water absorbent according to the present invention when it is dried.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the water-absorbent body according to the present invention when it swells by water absorption.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the water absorbent according to the present invention containing a solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more, when the absorbent is dried.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the water-absorbent body according to the present invention containing a solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more, when the water-absorbent body swells.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water-absorbing body 2 Water-permeable bag-like body 3 Water-absorbing material 4 Support 5 Solid matter with specific gravity of 1 or more

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tsutomu Noguchi 6-7-35 Kita-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Sony Corporation F-term (reference) 2D018 AA06 4G066 AA13D AA47D AC02C AC14A AC14B AC17A AC17B AC39A AD01B AD20B AE01B AE06B BA05 BA13 CA43 DA07 EA20 FA03 FA11 4J100 AB02Q AM02P AS01R AS02R AS03R BA56H CA03 CA05 CA31 DA37 HA08 HA61 HB52 JA67

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. A modified polymer in which an acidic group is introduced into a polymer containing (a) acrylonitrile and (b) at least one kind of styrene and / or conjugated diene, and a support, A water-absorbing body, which is contained in a water-permeable bag. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the support is a flexible network.
The water absorbent according to the above. 3. The water absorbent according to claim 1, wherein the modified polymer compound is supported by a support. 4. The polymer compound according to claim 1, wherein the polymer compound contains (a) acrylonitrile obtained from waste material and (b) at least one of styrene and / or conjugated diene. The water absorbent according to the above. 5. The water-absorbing material according to claim 1, wherein a solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is contained in the water-permeable bag. 6. The water absorbent according to claim 5, wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of a natural mineral. 7. The water absorbent according to claim 5, wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of waste. 8. The water absorbent according to claim 5, wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is formed by binding waste. 9. The water absorbent according to claim 5, wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of magnetic waste. 10. A modified polymer in which an acidic group is introduced into a polymer containing (a) acrylonitrile and (b) at least one of styrene and / or conjugated diene, and a support, A method for producing a water-absorbent material, comprising filling a water-permeable bag. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the support is a flexible network. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the modified polymer compound is supported on a support. 13. The polymer compound comprising (a) acrylonitrile obtained from waste material and (b) at least one of styrene and / or conjugated diene. 3. The method for producing a water absorbent according to item 1. 14. The method for producing a water absorbent according to claim 10, further comprising filling a solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more into the water-permeable bag. 15. The method for producing a water absorbent according to claim 14, wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of a natural mineral. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of waste. 17. The method for producing a water absorbent according to claim 14, wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is formed by binding and forming waste. 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein the solid having a specific gravity of 1 or more is made of magnetic waste.