JP2002266656A - Gas turbine cogeneration system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas turbine cogeneration system capable of effectively making use of the hot water thought it is hardly utilized in a conventional system, and improving the combined efficiency of a plant. SOLUTION: The heat of an exhaust gas passed through a waste-heat recovery boiler 4 is further recovered in a hot water boiler 22 to produce the hot water, and the hot water is used as a driving heat source to produce the chilled water in an adsorption-type refrigerator 23, so that the chilled water is used for cooling an apparatus or the like, or the chilled water produced in the adsorption-type refrigerator 23 is guided to an intake cooler 24 to cool the intake of the gas turbine 1 in summer when a temperature is high and the intake temperature of the gas turbine 1 is raised.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gas turbine, which burns fuel to drive a generator to generate electric power. In addition, the heat of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine is recovered by an exhaust heat recovery boiler to generate steam. The present invention relates to a gas turbine cogeneration system that effectively reuses energy.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 3 shows an example of a conventional gas turbine cogeneration system, wherein 1 is a gas turbine, 2 is a generator driven by a gas turbine 1, and 3 is a fuel such as LPG or city gas. A gas compressor or a fuel compressor such as a fuel pump for increasing the pressure of a liquid fuel such as kerosene or heavy oil A; 4, an exhaust heat recovery boiler that recovers the heat of the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 1 to generate steam; An economizer integrally provided on the downstream side of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4, a general boiler 6 such as a once-through, water pipe or the like for burning fuel to generate steam, and 7 an economizer 5 and the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 and the boiler 6. A soft water tank for supplying boiler feed water to each of the steam generators, 8 is a steam header into which steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 and steam generated by the boiler 6 are introduced, and 9 is supplied from the steam header 8 Absorption refrigerating machine that generates a chilled water vapor as a driving heat source, 10 is a cooling tower for cooling the cooling water to be supplied to the absorption chiller 9.

The gas turbine 1 has a combustor 1a for burning fuel supplied from a fuel compressor 3, a turbine 1b driven by combustion gas generated in the combustor 1a,
Compressor 1c arranged coaxially with turbine 1b
Are provided.

As shown in FIG. 4, the absorption refrigerator 9 has a pipe 11 to be cooled disposed in a vessel 11 whose inside is kept in a vacuum state, and allows water as a refrigerant to be dropped and evaporated. An evaporator 13, a cooling water flow pipe 14 are provided, and an absorber 16 for absorbing a refrigerant by dropping an absorbing liquid 15 such as an aqueous solution of lithium bromide, and a vapor flow pipe 17 are provided and absorbing the refrigerant. A regenerator 18 for applying heat to the absorbing liquid 15 to separate the refrigerant vapor, and a condenser 2 provided with a cooling water flow pipe 19 for condensing the refrigerant vapor and dropping it to the evaporator 13
0 is formed, and water is dropped in the evaporator 13 and evaporated on the surface of the cooled pipe 12, thereby cooling the water flowing through the cooled pipe 12 by the heat of vaporization (latent heat of vaporization) to produce cold water. Is generated, and the absorbent 15 is dropped in the absorber 16 to absorb the refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator 13 and absorb the refrigerant 1 in the absorber 16.
5 is sent to a regenerator 18, the absorbent 15 having absorbed the refrigerant in the regenerator 18 is heated with vapor to separate the refrigerant vapor, and the refrigerant vapor is condensed in a condenser 20, While supplying and circulating, the absorbent 15 regenerated by the regenerator 18 is returned to the absorber 16. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 21 denotes a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the absorbent 15 regenerated by the regenerator 18 and the absorbent 15 absorbing the refrigerant in the absorber 16.

[0005] In the gas turbine cogeneration system as described above, the fuel compressed by the fuel compressor 3 is supplied to the combustor 1a of the gas turbine 1, and the combustion of the fuel is performed in the combustor 1a. Is introduced into the turbine 1b to drive the turbine 1b, and by driving the turbine 1b, the generator 2 is driven to generate electric power, and the compressor 1c is driven by the surplus power to compress the air, The air compressed by the compressor 1c is supplied to the combustor 1a as combustion air.

Exhaust gas discharged from the turbine 1b of the gas turbine 1 is guided to an exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 and an economizer 5, where the heat of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 1 is recovered in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 and the economizer 5. On the other hand, steam is generated by burning the fuel in the boiler 6, and the steam generated in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 and the steam generated in the boiler 6 are absorbed by the absorption refrigeration through the steam header 8. The cooling water is supplied to the cooling machine 9, and in the absorption refrigerator 9, cold water is generated using steam as a driving heat source, and is used as factory process cold water for cooling equipment.

The steam used as a driving heat source in the absorption refrigerator 9 is converted into water and sent to a soft water tank 7, from which the economizer 5, the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 and the boiler 6 serve as boiler feed water. The cooling water supplied to the absorption refrigerator 9 is cooled by the cooling tower 10 and circulated.

[0008]

However, in the conventional gas turbine cogeneration system as described above, the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 1 from which the heat is recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 is only discharged to the atmosphere. No further energy extraction was done.

The exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 is about 150 ° C., but extracting hot water from this level of low-temperature gas requires a large heat transfer area in the conventional case. This has been avoided because the size of the apparatus is increased and the cost is increased, and the temperature of the obtained hot water is about 80 [° C.] and its utility value is low.

For this reason, in one trial calculation, 2000 [k
In the case of a gas turbine cogeneration system using a gas turbine 1 of the [W] class, about 25 [%] of the input fuel energy is converted into power generation, and about 50 [%] is converted into steam energy by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4. The efficiency was expected to be about 75 [%].

The temperature of the hot water is relatively high (approximately 90
１００100 [° C.], cold water can be produced by a relatively inexpensive absorption refrigerator, but in this model, when the hot water temperature reaches 80 ° C., the refrigeration capacity is Since the temperature drops to 50% or less at a relatively high temperature (90 to 100 ° C.), the running merit will be drastically reduced in consideration of the cost of managing the solution of lithium bromide and the maintenance of the equipment. It has been difficult to adopt an absorption refrigerator.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine cogeneration system capable of effectively utilizing hot water, which has conventionally been low in utility value, and improving the overall efficiency of a plant.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a gas turbine that burns fuel to drive a generator, an exhaust heat recovery boiler that recovers heat of exhaust gas from the gas turbine to generate steam, and an exhaust heat recovery boiler. A gas comprising: a hot water boiler that further collects heat of exhaust gas passing through a recovery boiler to generate hot water; and an adsorption refrigerator that generates cold water by using the hot water generated by the hot water boiler as a driving heat source. It relates to a turbine cogeneration system.

Further, the present invention provides a gas turbine for burning a fuel to drive a generator, an exhaust heat recovery boiler for recovering heat of exhaust gas from the gas turbine to generate steam, and passing through the exhaust heat recovery boiler. A hot water boiler that further collects the heat of the exhaust gas generated to generate hot water, an adsorption refrigerator that generates cold water using the hot water generated by the hot water boiler as a driving heat source, and a gas turbine that uses the cold water generated by the adsorption refrigerator. And a suction cooler for cooling the intake air of the gas turbine.

According to the above means, the following effects can be obtained.

The fuel is burned by the gas turbine to drive the generator to generate power, and the heat of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine is recovered by the waste heat recovery boiler to generate steam.
The heat of the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust heat recovery boiler is further recovered by the hot water boiler to generate hot water, and the hot water generated by the hot water boiler is used as a driving heat source to generate cold water by the adsorption refrigerator and generated by the adsorption refrigerator. Cold water can be used for cooling equipment and the like.

In addition, especially in summer when the temperature of the gas is high and the temperature of the intake air of the gas turbine rises, the intake air of the gas turbine is cooled by the intake cooler by the cold water generated by the adsorption refrigerator.
It is possible to lower the intake air temperature, increase the weight flow rate of the intake air, and improve the output of the gas turbine.

As a result, by recovering thermal energy that has been conventionally wasted into the atmosphere to generate cold water, the cold water is used for cooling equipment and cooling the intake air of a gas turbine. , It is possible to improve the overall efficiency.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the portions denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 represent the same components. As shown in FIG. 1, the hot water boiler 22 further collects the heat of the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 to generate hot water. An adsorption chiller 23 that generates cold water using hot water generated by the boiler 22 as a driving heat source is additionally provided. Further, in summer when the air temperature is high and the intake temperature of the gas turbine 1 rises, the adsorption refrigeration is required. In that it has an intake air cooler 24 that cools the intake air of the gas turbine 1 with the cold water generated by the machine 23.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 25 denotes a cooling tower for cooling the cooling water supplied to the adsorption refrigerator 23.

As shown in FIG. 2, the adsorption type refrigerator 23 is provided with a pipe 27 to be cooled in a vessel 26 whose inside is kept in a vacuum state, and evaporates by dropping water as a refrigerant. And a heat transfer tube 30 covered with a solid adsorbent 29 such as silica gel.
Adsorbent heat exchanger 3 alternately switched between an adsorber adsorbing at 9 and a regenerator discharging refrigerant from solid adsorbent 29
1 and 32, and a condenser 35 provided with a cooling water flow pipe 33 for condensing the refrigerant vapor and dropping it from the condensed water pipe 34 to the evaporator 28 are formed. By evaporating on the surface of the cooling pipe 27, the heat of vaporization (latent heat of evaporation) cools the water flowing through the pipe to be cooled 27 to generate cold water, while the adsorbent heat exchanger 3
The cooling water and the hot water are alternately supplied to the heat transfer tubes 30 at regular intervals, respectively, so that the adsorbent heat exchanger 31 (or the adsorbent heat exchanger 32) acts as an adsorber and solid adsorption is performed. The refrigerant (water vapor) evaporated by the evaporator 28 is adsorbed on the adsorbent 29 and the adsorbent heat exchanger 32
(Or the adsorbent heat exchanger 31) acts as a regenerator to release the refrigerant from the solid adsorbent 29.
And is supplied from the condensed water pipe 34 to the evaporator 28 and circulated, and has excellent low-temperature characteristics.

Next, the operation of the illustrated example will be described.

In the gas turbine cogeneration system shown in FIG. 1, the fuel is burned in the gas turbine 1 to drive the generator 2 to generate electric power, and the heat of the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 1 is transferred to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4. To generate steam, and the heat of the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4 is further recovered by the hot water boiler 22 to generate hot water at a level of 80 ° C., and the hot water generated by the hot water boiler 22 is used as a driving heat source. As cold water (3-12
[° C.] level) is generated. The exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the hot water boiler 22 is about 90 [° C.].

Here, particularly in summer, when the temperature is high and the intake temperature of the gas turbine 1 rises to about 30 ° C., the cold water generated in the adsorption refrigerator 23 is introduced into the intake cooler 24. As a result, the intake air cooler 24 cools the intake air of the gas turbine 1 and reduces the intake air temperature to approximately 15 ° C.
To the extent, the weight flow rate of the intake air can be increased, and the output of the gas turbine 1 can be improved.

In addition, in the seasons other than summer, the adsorption refrigerator 2
The cooling water generated in step 3 can be used as factory process cold water for cooling equipment and the like without being introduced into the intake air cooler 24. Therefore, fuel for steam generation by the boiler 6 and cold water production by the absorption chiller 9 can be saved correspondingly.

On the other hand, the adsorptive refrigerator 23 uses water as a refrigerant, is a non-fluorocarbon refrigerant and is environmentally friendly,
The device structure is simple, the life is long, and the absorption refrigerator 9
As described above, since lithium bromide or the like is not used as the absorbing liquid 15, the maintenance management is not troublesome, and the maintenance cost can be reduced. Further, the startup of the adsorption refrigerator 23 is performed by the gas turbine 1.
Can be performed at substantially the same time, so that it is possible to quickly respond to load fluctuations and the like.

According to one estimation, in the case of a gas turbine cogeneration system using a 2000 [kW] class gas turbine 1, approximately 25% of the input fuel energy is used.
[%] Is for power generation, and about 50 [%] is for waste heat recovery boiler 4
Is converted to steam energy, and can be used as hot water energy at a rate of 8 to 10%. The overall efficiency can be expected to be about 85%. Output is about 200 to 300 [kW] (10 to 15 of rated output)
[%]) It is possible to increase, addition, heavy oil conversion energy with can be expected reduction in per year 200 [kl], CO ₂ emissions can be expected to reduce the per year 0.99 [ton]. It should be noted that considerable cost reduction can also be expected in economic trials based on fuel unit prices.

As a result, heat energy that has been conventionally wasted into the atmosphere is recovered to generate cold water, and the cold water is used for cooling the intake air of the gas turbine 1 in summer.
In other seasons, it is possible to improve the overall efficiency of the plant by using it for cooling equipment and the like.

[0030] In this manner, the hot water, which has conventionally had a low utility value, can be effectively used, and the overall plant efficiency can be improved.

It should be noted that the gas turbine cogeneration system of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example described above, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0032]

As described above, according to the gas turbine cogeneration system of the present invention, it is possible to effectively use hot water, which has conventionally been low in utility value, and to improve the overall efficiency of the plant. I can play.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an adsorption refrigerator according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an overall schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a conventional gas turbine cogeneration system.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an absorption refrigerator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gas turbine 2 Generator 4 Exhaust heat recovery boiler 22 Hot water boiler 23 Adsorption type refrigerator 24 Inlet cooler

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F02G 5/04 F02G 5/04 K F22B 1/18 F22B 1/18 D F24H 1/00 631 F24H 1/00 631A F25B 27/02 F25B 27/02 J (72) Inventor Hideo Kobayashi 2-1-1, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. Tokyo First Factory (72) Inventor Hiroshi Tsukura Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 2-1-1-17 Inside Meidensha Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yasuo Yonezawa 1-1, Minamino, Iwata, Yawata City, Kyoto Nishiyodo Air Conditioner Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A gas turbine that drives a generator by burning fuel, an exhaust heat recovery boiler that recovers heat of exhaust gas of the gas turbine to generate steam, and heat of exhaust gas that passes through the exhaust heat recovery boiler. A gas turbine cogeneration system comprising: a hot water boiler that further collects water to generate hot water; and an adsorption refrigerator that generates cold water by using the hot water generated by the hot water boiler as a driving heat source. 2. A gas turbine that drives a generator by burning fuel, an exhaust heat recovery boiler that recovers heat of exhaust gas of the gas turbine to generate steam, and heat of exhaust gas that passes through the exhaust heat recovery boiler. A hot water boiler that further collects and generates hot water, an adsorption refrigerator that generates cold water by using the hot water generated by the hot water boiler as a driving heat source, and cools the gas turbine intake by the cold water generated by the adsorption refrigerator. A gas turbine cogeneration system, comprising: