CN111023619B - Green heat pump refrigerating and heating device and method - Google Patents
Green heat pump refrigerating and heating device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111023619B CN111023619B CN201911109548.9A CN201911109548A CN111023619B CN 111023619 B CN111023619 B CN 111023619B CN 201911109548 A CN201911109548 A CN 201911109548A CN 111023619 B CN111023619 B CN 111023619B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
Abstract
The invention discloses a green heat pump refrigerating and heating device and a method. The refrigeration system includes: the heat exchanger comprises a full-phase heat exchanger (a full-phase heat exchange heat pipe and a sprayer for spraying refrigerant are arranged in the heat exchanger), a refrigerant water pump and a refrigerant water tank, wherein one end of the water pump is connected with the sprayer, the other end of the water pump is connected with one end of the refrigerant water tank, and the other end of the water tank is connected with the lower part of the full-phase heat exchanger; the heating system includes: the heat exchanger comprises a steam pump, a heat regenerator and a heat exchange tube arranged in the heat regenerator. The full-phase heat converter is provided with a steam outlet which is communicated with the inlet of the heat regenerator. The refrigeration and heating device of the invention comprises: the heat exchange fluid in the full-phase transformation heat pipe can be cooled; the heat exchanger can heat the heat exchange fluid in the heat regenerator, and the refrigerating and heating device can replace condensers and cooling towers in various industries and can recover water vapor and heat emitted to the atmospheric space by the cooling towers. The scheme of the invention is the recombination of the original scheme, the structure is more simplified, and the refrigeration and heating efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of condensation in the industries of thermal power generation, air conditioning and the like, and particularly relates to a green heat pump refrigerating and heating device and method.
Background
The compression refrigeration is realized by absorbing heat in the chemical refrigerant liquid vaporization phase change process, compressing the gas refrigerant at a pressure above the medium pressure, converting the gas refrigerant into a liquid state after heat dissipation, and continuously converting the vapor phase and the liquid phase of the refrigerant to realize continuous refrigeration. The compression of the refrigerant from a vapor state to a liquid state requires a higher pressure, so that the compression process consumes more energy, and the heat released by the compression process is dissipated to the outside of the system, resulting in waste of energy. Absorption refrigeration needs a large amount of cooling water to cool the working medium, the transportation and cooling of the cooling water also need to consume a lot of electric energy, and as many as six liquid pumps consume a large amount of electric energy. Application numbers of 03, 27 and 2017 are as follows: 201710185967 & 5, the name of the invention is: in the embodiment of fig. 3, two heat regenerators, namely a condensing chamber 300 and a third heat exchanger 213, are used for recovering heat, the structure is complex, heat exchange is performed between the heat exchange tube 210 and a user heat exchange terminal 500 in fig. 4 by water circulation, the electric energy consumption is high, and the manufacturing and operating cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a green heat pump refrigerating and heating device and method, which can reduce energy consumed in the refrigerating and heating process, do not emit large amount of water vapor and heat energy to the atmospheric space, only emit sensible heat and do not lose latent heat. The invention has the following application numbers: 201710185967.5, the structure is recombined, one regenerator is removed from the two heat exchangers in the original scheme of fig. 3, and the heat transfer heat of the heat exchange tube 210 in the original scheme of fig. 4 and the water in the user heat exchange terminal 500 is exchanged, so that the water vapor phase change heat transfer scheme of the invention is changed. The invention replaces the cooling system of the condensing system in the industries of various thermal power plants, air conditioner production plants and the like, can recover a large amount of heat energy and fresh water, improves the power generation efficiency, can obviously reduce the electric energy consumption of the air conditioner, and has lower manufacturing and operating cost.
In a first aspect, a refrigeration and heating device is provided, which comprises a refrigeration system, a heating system, a full-phase heat exchanger, a refrigerant water pump, a refrigerant water tank, a steam pump, a heat regenerator, a saturated water tank, a saturated water pump, a cold water tank, a vacuum pump, a high-pressure heat regenerator, an furnace and a valve. The heat exchanger comprises a shell, an inlet and an outlet which are arranged on the shell, a heat exchange cavity (a sprayer and a full-phase heat exchange tube are arranged in the heat exchange cavity) which is defined by the shell, the heat exchange tube is provided with the inlet and the outlet, heat exchange fluid circulates in the heat exchange tube, the sprayer comprises a jet orifice for spraying a refrigerant to the outer surface of the full-phase heat exchange tube, and the sprayer sprays the refrigerant to the surface of the full-phase heat exchange tube and at least part of the refrigerant is evaporated in the heat exchange cavity; the refrigerant water pump comprises an inlet and an outlet, the outlet is communicated with the inlet of the sprayer, and the inlet is communicated with the outlet of the refrigerant water tank. And the inlet of the refrigerant water tank is communicated with the lower middle part of the shell of the full-phase heat exchanger through a pipeline. The refrigerant water pump is used for conveying refrigerant to the sprayer; the steam outlet of the full-phase heat converter is communicated with the inlet of the water baffle, the outlet of the water baffle is communicated with the inlet of the steam pump, and the outlet of the steam pump is communicated with the inlet of the heat return pipe of the heat return device. The inlet of the vacuum pump is communicated with the outlet at the upper right side of the shell of the full phase heat exchanger through a pipeline. The steam pump is used for conveying a vapor refrigerant which is compressed to raise the temperature of the refrigerant, and the vapor refrigerant enters a heat recovery pipe of the heat regenerator. The regenerator comprises a shell, an inlet and an outlet which are arranged on the shell, and a regenerative cavity which is defined by the shell, wherein a regenerative tube is arranged in the regenerative cavity, and the regenerative tube is provided with an inlet and an outlet.
In a first possible implementation, the lower right outlet of the full phase heat exchanger shell is communicated with the refrigerant water tank through a pipeline.
In a third possible implementation manner, the outlet of the regenerative tube in the regenerator is communicated with the inlet of the saturated water tank, the outlet of the saturated water tank is communicated with the inlet of the saturated water pump, the outlet of the saturated water pump is communicated with the inlet of the high-pressure regenerator, and the outlet of the regenerator is communicated with the inlet of the boiler.
In a fourth possible implementation, the inlet of the regenerator housing is communicated with the outlet of the cold water pump, the inlet of the pump is communicated with the outlet of the valve, and the inlet of the valve is communicated with the outlet of the cold water tank; the outlet of the regenerator shell is communicated with the inlet of the valve.
A second aspect provides a method of cooling and heating, comprising the steps of: introducing exhaust steam into a full-phase transformation heat pipe in the full-phase transformation heat exchanger, allowing the exhaust steam to enter the full-phase transformation heat pipe from an exhaust steam inlet, transforming the exhaust steam into liquid, simultaneously releasing latent heat, and releasing liquid after latent heat to form condensed water, wherein the water flows into a refrigerant water tank from an outlet at the lower right part of a shell of the full-phase transformation heat exchanger, and the condensed water is mixed with refrigerant water which is not transformed into phase, and the quality of the condensed water is equal to that of water vapor entering a water vapor pump so as to maintain the refrigerant water constant; spraying liquid refrigerant on the outer surface of a full-phase conversion heat pipe of the full-phase converter to change partial refrigerant into vapor refrigerant, absorbing latent heat released in the full-phase conversion heat pipe in the phase change process, enabling vapor entering a water baffle to be a vapor-liquid mixture, changing the vapor into pure water vapor after passing the water baffle, entering a water vapor pump to pressurize and heat, entering a heat regenerator heat return pipe, changing the vapor into liquid to release latent heat, and then flowing into a saturated water tank; the refrigerant sprayed by the sprayer, wherein most of the refrigerant is still liquid, and the refrigerant liquid which is not changed in phase flows into the refrigerant water tank from the lower middle outlet of the shell of the full-phase heat exchanger.
In a first possible implementation, the ratio of the mass of the refrigerant liquid in phase-unchanged flowing into the refrigerant water tank per unit time to the mass of the dead steam condensate in flowing into the refrigerant water tank per unit time is at most 9: 1 and at least 3: 1.
In a second possible implementation manner, in combination with the above possible implementation manner, the ratio of the mass of the cold water entering the heat recovery chamber from the inlet of the heat recovery housing per unit time to the mass of the saturated water entering the saturated water tank from the outlet of the heat recovery pipe per unit time is at most 20: 1 and at least 10: 1.
Steam turbines used in China include steam turbines used for nuclear power generation, solar power generation, gas power generation, geothermal power generation, coal power generation and the like, and also include industrial steam turbines, all the steam turbines used in China have huge heat wasted by steam exhaust condensation every year: 10 hundred million tons standard coal. The device of the invention can recover the waste heat by 80-100 c hot water, and can recover 100 million tons of fresh water wasted by the cooling tower every year.
The third aspect provides an air conditioner, and the air conditioner comprises a refrigerating system and a heating system in the technical scheme, wherein a heat exchange cavity is arranged in the air conditioner, a heat exchange pipe is arranged in the cavity, and the heat exchange pipe is provided with an inlet and an outlet. In order to ensure heating in winter, a low-temperature heat source is also arranged, a heat exchange cavity is arranged in the heat source, a heat exchange tube is arranged in the cavity, and the tube is provided with an inlet and an outlet. A low-pressure air pump is also arranged for heating in winter and is provided with an inlet and an outlet.
In a fourth aspect, a low-temperature heat source thermal power generation or winter heating device is provided, which comprises a refrigeration system, a heating system, a high-pressure pump, a steam turbine and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention and are common to those of ordinary skill in the art
The skilled person will be able to derive other figures from these figures without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present general inventive concept;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for recovering exhaust steam heat energy of a steam turbine;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention for generating or heating by using thermal energy of a low-temperature heat source;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to any specific structure or arrangement set forth below, but rather covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention. In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present general inventive concept.
As shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a refrigerating system and a heating system, wherein the refrigerating system comprises a full-phase heat exchanger 3, a water baffle 4, a refrigerant water tank 6 and a refrigerant water pump 7; the heating system comprises a steam pump 12, a regenerator 13, a holding and water tank 14 and a holding and water pump 15.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for recovering waste steam heat energy of a steam turbine.
As shown in fig. 2, the device comprises a refrigerating system 1 and a heating system 2, wherein the refrigerating system 1 comprises a full-phase heat exchanger 3 (a sprayer and a full-phase heat exchange heat pipe are arranged in a heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger 3), a water baffle 4, a vacuum pump 5, a refrigerant water tank 6, a refrigerant water pump 7 and a waste steam inlet 20; the heating system 2 comprises a steam pump 12, a heat regenerator 13 (a heat regenerator pipe is arranged in the heat regenerator), a saturated water tank 14, a saturated water pump 15, a high-pressure heat regenerator 16, a boiler 17, a cold water pump 18, a cold water tank 19, a valve 21 and a valve 22.
The full-phase heat exchanger 3 comprises a shell and a dead steam inlet 20 arranged on the shell, wherein the lower middle part of the shell is provided with a non-vaporized refrigerant outlet, the right lower part of the shell is provided with a condensed water outlet, and the right upper part of the shell is provided with a refrigerant steam outlet; an air outlet is arranged at the upper right side of the shell and is communicated with a vacuum pump 5 through a pipeline; a heat exchange cavity defined by the shell (a sprayer and a full-phase heat exchange tube are arranged in the heat exchange cavity), and the heat exchange tube is provided with an inlet and an outlet; the inlet and the outlet are provided with clapboards which separate the refrigerant fluid from the fluid flowing into and out of the heat exchange tube; the heat exchange tube is used for circulating heat exchange fluid. The sprayer is arranged at the upper part in the shell and is used for spraying the refrigerant to the outer surface of the heat exchange tube.
The outlet of the refrigerant water pump 7 is communicated with the inlet of the sprayer through a pipeline, and the inlet of the water pump 7 is communicated with the water outlet of the refrigerant water tank 6 through a pipeline; one inlet of the refrigerant water tank 6 is communicated with the lower middle outlet of the shell of the full phase heat converter 3 through a pipeline, and the other inlet of the refrigerant water tank 6 is communicated with the condensate water outlet at the right lower part of the shell of the full phase heat converter 3 through a pipeline.
The inlet of the water vapor pump 12 is communicated with the outlet of the water baffle 4, and the inlet of the water baffle 4 is communicated with the steam outlet at the upper right part of the shell of the full phase converter 3.
The heat regenerator 13 includes a casing, a water inlet and a water outlet on the casing, and a heat regeneration chamber defined by the casing, wherein a heat regeneration pipe is arranged in the heat regeneration chamber, and the heat regeneration pipe has an inlet and an outlet.
The inlet of a regenerative tube in the regenerator 13 is communicated with the steam outlet of the steam pump 12 through a pipeline, the outlet of the regenerative tube is communicated with the inlet of the saturated water tank 14, the outlet of the saturated water tank 14 is communicated with the inlet of the saturated water pump 15, the outlet of the water pump 15 is communicated with the inlet of a high-pressure regenerator 16, and the outlet of the regenerator 16 is communicated with the inlet of a boiler 17.
The inlet of the shell of the heat regenerator 13 is communicated with the outlet of a cold water pump 18, the inlet of the cold water pump 18 is communicated with the outlet of a valve 21, and the inlet of the valve 21 is communicated with the outlet of a cold water tank 19; regenerator 13 housing outlet communicates with valve 22 inlet.
The following explanation is given in connection with the working process and principle of the refrigerating and heating device:
the exhausted steam exhausted from the steam turbine enters the full phase change heat exchange pipe of the full phase heat exchanger 3 from the exhausted steam inlet 20, the exhausted steam is condensed into condensed water when meeting the condensation, latent heat is released at the same time, and the water enters the refrigerant water tank 6 from the outlet of the right lower shell of the full phase heat exchanger 3 to be circulated again.
When the exhaust steam of the steam turbine enters the full-phase transformation heat pipe from the exhaust steam inlet 20; the refrigerant water pump 7 is started, water in the refrigerant water tank 6 enters the water pump 7 and is pumped into the sprayer by the water pump 7, the refrigerant water is sprayed to the outer surface of the full-phase change heat pipe by the sprayer, phase change heat of exhaust steam is absorbed, a part of refrigerant is changed into steam in a phase mode, the steam enters the water baffle 4, liquid drops carried by the steam are separated by the water baffle 4, pure water steam enters the water steam pump 12, the water steam is pressurized and heated by the pump 12 and then enters the heat recovery pipe of the heat regenerator 13, the water steam phase of the heat recovery pipe is changed into liquid and latent heat at the same time, the liquid is saturated water, the saturated water flows into the saturated water tank 14 and then flows into the saturated water pump 15, the saturated water is pumped into the high-pressure heat regenerator 16 by the pump 15, and high-temperature and high-pressure water enters the boiler 17.
When the steam pump 12 pumps the steam into the regenerative tube of the regenerator 13; the valve 21 is opened, the cold water pump 18 pumps cold water into the shell of the heat regenerator 13, when the cold water temperature valve 21 is opened, the cold water pump 18 pumps cold water into the shell of the heat regenerator 13, and when the temperature of the cold water rises, the valve 22 is opened, so that the heated hot water can be used.
If hot water is not needed, the device can generate electricity and purify water, and the structure and the connection mode are as follows:
the heat regenerator 13 adopts the structure of the full-phase heat converter 3, the water entering the heat regenerator is saline-alkali water, seawater or sewage, the water is sprayed to the outer surface of a heat regeneration pipe from the upper part of the heat regenerator, the steam is discharged from the upper part of the shell of the heat regenerator 13 and enters a steam pump to be pumped into a steam turbine to work, and a generator is driven to generate electricity; the exhaust steam of the steam turbine enters a full-phase change pipe of a full-phase change heat exchanger 3 to be condensed into condensed water; the unvaporized water is waste water and is discharged from the lower part of the shell of the heat regenerator 13; the mass of spray water in the shell of the regenerator 13 is 2-4 times of the mass of the outlet water of the regenerative tube.
The sprayer sprays the refrigerant on the outer surface of the full-phase transformation heat pipe, wherein most of the refrigerant is still liquid, and the liquid refrigerant after temperature reduction enters the refrigerant water tank 6 from the outlet of the middle lower shell of the full-phase transformation heat pipe 3.
In the heat exchange cavity of the full-phase heat exchanger 3, the mass of the liquid refrigerant which is not in phase change flows into the refrigerant water tank 6 in unit time, and the mass proportion of the condensed water which is in phase change with the dead steam in the full-phase heat exchange pipe and flows into the refrigerant water tank 6 in unit time is as follows: up to 9: 1 and at least 3: 1.
In the heat recovery cavity of the heat regenerator 13, the mass of the cold water entering the heat recovery cavity from the inlet of the housing of the heat regenerator 13 in unit time is in proportion to the mass of the saturated water entering the saturated water tank 14 from the outlet of the heat recovery pipe in unit time: at most 20: 1 and at least 10: 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention in terms of an air conditioner.
The main structure of the air conditioner shown in fig. 3 is the same as that of the cooling and heating device shown in fig. 2, and the following description is omitted, and the differences between the two will be described in detail below: the outlet of the saturated water pump 15 is communicated with the inlet of the refrigerant water tank 6. A valve 23 is added on a pipeline between the outlet of the steam pump 12 and the inlet of the regenerative tube of the regenerator 13; a steam outlet is added on the pipeline between the steam pump 12 and the valve 23, a steam inlet is arranged on the pipeline between the valve 25 and the air conditioner 10, the steam outlet and the steam inlet are communicated by a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a valve 24; the outlet of the lower right part of the shell of the full phase heat exchanger 3 is communicated with the inlet of a condensation tank 8, the outlet of the tank 8 is communicated with the inlet of a condensation pump 9, one outlet of the pump 9 is communicated with the inlet of a valve 25, and the other outlet of the pump 9 is communicated with the inlet of a valve 29; the outlet of the valve 25 is communicated with the inlet of a heat exchange pipe of the air conditioner 10, the heat exchange pipe has two outlets, one outlet is communicated with the inlet of the valve 26, the other outlet is communicated with the inlet of the valve 27, the outlet of the valve 27 is communicated with the outlet of the valve 28 and the inlet of a low-pressure steam pump 9a, and the outlet of the steam pump 9a is communicated with the steam exhaust inlet 20; a fluid inlet is arranged on a pipeline between the refrigerant water tank 6 and the refrigerant water pump 7 and is communicated with the outlet of the valve 26; the outlet of the valve 29 is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange tube in the low-temperature heat source 11, and the outlet of the heat exchange tube in the low-temperature heat source 11 is communicated with the inlet of the valve 28.
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the cooling and heating processes of the air conditioner 10 as follows:
the air conditioner is started to cool in summer, and meanwhile, the heat is recovered for hot water:
1. the valve 23 is opened, the valves 24 and 26 are closed, the refrigerant water pump 7 is started, the water vapor pump 12 is started, the saturated water pump 15 is started, the water vapor which is pressurized and heated by the water vapor pump 12 enters a heat return pipe of the heat regenerator 13, latent heat is released and phase change is carried out to form saturated water, and the water is pumped into the refrigerant water tank 6 by the saturated water pump 15 for recycling;
2. closing the valves 28 and 29, opening the valves 25 and 27, starting the condensate pump 9, starting the air conditioner 10 and starting the low-pressure steam pump 9 a; after the refrigerant water pump 7 is started, the sprayer sprays the refrigerant on the surface of the full-phase-change heat pipe, and the refrigerant absorbs heat during phase change; meanwhile, the steam compressed by the low-pressure steam pump 9a changes in phase to release latent heat in the full-phase-change heat pipe, changes in phase to condensate water, enters the condensation tank 8, the condensate water is pumped into the heat exchange pipe of the air conditioner 10 by the condensation pump 9, changes in phase to steam to absorb heat, cools the air in the room, and is sucked into the low-pressure steam pump 9a to be circulated again;
3. the valve 21 is opened, the cold water pump 18 is started, cold water is pumped into the shell of the heat regenerator 13, heat released by the heat regenerator pipe is absorbed, the temperature is raised to hot water, and the valve 22 is opened to use the hot water.
Heating in winter:
1. the valves 23, 25 and 27 are closed, the valves 24 and 26 are opened, the refrigerant water pump 7 is started, the water vapor pump 12 is started, the air conditioner 10 is started, the compressed and heated water vapor enters the heat exchange pipe of the air conditioner 10, the phase change is liquid to release latent heat, heat is supplied to a room, the liquid is mixed with the water in the refrigerant water tank 6 and enters the refrigerant water pump 7 to carry out spraying vaporization heat absorption cycle again.
2. The valves 28 and 29 are opened, the condensing pump 9 is started, the low-temperature heat source 11 is started, the low-pressure steam pump 9a is started, steam enters the full-phase-change heat exchange pipe, latent heat discharged by liquefaction is changed into condensed water, the condensed water enters the condensing box 8 and is sucked into the condensing pump 9, the condensed water is pumped into the heat exchange pipe of the low-temperature heat source 11 by the pump 9, the vaporized heat absorption phase is changed into low-pressure steam, and the low-pressure steam is sucked by the steam pump 9a for next circulation.
(III) heating hot water in winter:
1. closing the valves 24 and 26, opening the valve 23, starting the refrigerant water pump 7, the water vapor pump 12 and the saturated water pump 15, and compressing, boosting, heating and generating heat to start circulation;
2. closing the valves 25 and 27, opening the valves 28 and 29, starting the condensing pump 9, starting the low-temperature heat source 11, and starting the low-pressure steam pump 9a..... steam enters the full-phase transformation heat pipe, and liquefying to release latent heat to start circulation;
3. the valve 21.22 is opened and the cold water pump 18 is started.
The heating performance of the electric heater and the like is compared with that of the device using the invention:
1. the electric heater is used for heating, and 1KWh of electric energy only generates 860Kcai heat; the heat pump using the chemical product as the heating agent is used for heating, 1KWh electric energy is converted into phase-change heat which is about 4 times of the heat generated by 1KWh electric energy of the electric heater, namely about 3440Kcai heat;
2. when the device of the invention is used for heating, the 1KWh electric energy is converted into phase-change heat which is more than 30 times of the heat generated by the 1KWh electric energy of the electric heater, namely more than 25800 Kcai.
The mass ratio of the refrigerant liquid which is not phase-changed in the shell of the full-phase heat converter 3 and flows into the refrigerant water tank 6 in unit time to the mass ratio of the refrigerant liquid which is pumped into the refrigerant water tank 6 by the backheating water pump 15 in unit time and is enough to have the refrigeration capacity to start the air conditioner in summer is as follows: up to 9: 1 and at least 5: 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of thermal power generation or heating using a low-temperature heat source according to the present invention.
The parts of the same structure of the main body of the refrigerating and heating device shown in fig. 4 and 2 are not described again, and the differences between the two parts are described in detail below: a condensing box 8, a condensing pump 9, a low-temperature heat source 11, a high-pressure pump 9b, a steam turbine 9c and a generator 9d are additionally arranged; the outlet of the saturated water pump 15 is communicated with the inlet of the refrigerant water tank 6; the outlet of the steam pump 12 is communicated with the inlet of a valve 23, and the outlet of the valve 23 is communicated with the inlet of a regenerative pipe; the outlet of the lower right part of the shell of the full phase change heat exchanger 3 is communicated with the inlet of a condensation box 8, the outlet of the box 8 is communicated with the inlet of a condensation pump 9, the outlet of the pump 9 is communicated with the inlet of a heat exchange tube of a low heat source 11, the outlet of the heat exchange tube of a low temperature heat source 11 is communicated with the inlet of a valve 21, the outlet of the valve 21 is communicated with the inlet of a high pressure pump 9b, the outlet of the high pressure pump 9b is communicated with the inlet of the shell of a heat regenerator 13, the outlet of the shell of the heat regenerator 13 is communicated with the inlet of a valve 22, the outlet of the valve 22 is communicated with the inlet of a steam turbine 9c, and the exhaust steam outlet of the steam turbine 9c is communicated with the exhaust steam inlet 20 of the full phase change heat tube.
The following explanation for the slow cooking of fig. 4 is combined with the process of generating electricity by using the heat energy of the low-temperature heat source: river water, sea water and various kinds of water can be used.
1. The closed cycle power generation process: pure water is used as refrigerating and heating agent, and ammonia, butane and fluorine-chlorine are used as working medium. Opening a valve 23, starting a refrigerant water pump 7, a water vapor pump 12 and a regenerative water pump 15, vaporizing and absorbing heat on the outer surface of the full-phase transformation heat pipe by refrigerant liquid, and liquefying and releasing heat in the regenerative pipe by refrigerant vapor; opening the valves 21 and 22, and starting the condensate pump 9 and the high-pressure pump 9 b; the heat supply fluid flows in and out at the inlet and the outlet of the shell of the low-temperature heat source 11, and the working medium is heated and then pumped into the shell of the heat regenerator 13 by the high-pressure pump 9 b; working medium is in the shell of the heat regenerator 13, after the phase change is steam, the working medium is heated and pressurized, the working medium enters the steam turbine 9c to push the steam turbine to rotate or heat in winter, so that the generator 9d generates electricity, exhaust steam of the steam turbine 9c enters the full phase change heat exchange pipe, and the liquefied latent heat is converted into condensed liquid, and the condensed liquid enters the condensing box 8 to be recycled.
2. The open cycle power generation process: the inlet of a heat exchange tube of the low-temperature heat source 11 is disconnected with the outlet of the condensate pump 9, and the outlet of the heat exchange tube is disconnected with the inlet of the high-pressure pump; the heat supply fluid with the temperature above 30 ℃ or after being heated is directly pumped into the shell of the heat regenerator 13 by the high-pressure pump 9b, so that the fluid is vaporized on the surface of the heat regenerator tube; after the first-stage steam pump is added to the steam for compression, the steam enters a steam turbine to do work or heat in winter, and unvaporized fluid is discharged out of the shell of the heat regenerator; the purified water is discharged by the condensate pump 9.
The core of the method used by the invention is as follows: only green pure water is used as a refrigerating and heating agent, and a phase-change heat transfer mode is used for refrigerating and heating, so that the refrigerating and heating device of the invention reaches the highest point in the aspects of protecting environment, saving energy and reducing consumption:
1. the steam turbine industry in China is as follows: the steam turbine exhaust steam in all industries in China is condensed in a heat conduction mode, so the latent heat of the exhaust steam cannot be recovered, and the steam turbine exhaust steam latent heat loss heat in China is equivalent to 10 hundred million tons of standard coal.
2. In all countries around the world, the exhaust steam of all steam turbines in all industries is condensed in a heat conduction mode, and the latent heat loss of the exhaust steam of each year of the steam turbines around the world is about 40 hundred million tons of standard coal.
3. If people use the green heat pump refrigerating and heating device and the method, the lost huge heat can be recovered by hot water at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ to supply the production and living needs of people, so the invention occupies a high production point for efficiently developing a low-temperature heat source and recovering the waste steam heat of a steam turbine.
The refrigerant used in the invention is one of water, saline water and glycol aqueous solution.
The heat energy power generation device of the low-temperature heat source does not need to remove a cold source at a deep sea, reduces investment and energy consumption, has high phase-change heat transfer efficiency by using pure water as a refrigerant and a heating agent, and can be used in any place, and the commercialization of products is fast.
Claims (10)
1. A refrigeration and heating apparatus, wherein a vacuum is drawn throughout the apparatus, comprising:
the refrigeration system (1) comprises a full-phase heat exchanger (3), a water baffle (4), a vacuum pump (5), a refrigerant water tank (6), a refrigerant water pump (7) and a waste steam inlet (20); a spray thrower and a full-phase transformation heat pipe are arranged in a heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger (3),
the heating system (2) comprises a steam pump (12), a heat regenerator (13), a saturated water tank (14), a saturated water pump (15), a cold water pump (18), a cold water tank (19), a No. 1 valve and a No. 2 valve; a regenerative pipe is arranged in the regenerator (13),
the full phase change heat exchanger (3) comprises a shell and an exhaust steam inlet (20) arranged on the shell, wherein the lower middle part of the shell is provided with an outlet of unvaporized refrigerant, the right lower part of the shell is provided with a condensed water outlet, the right upper part of the shell is provided with a refrigerant steam outlet, the upper right side part of the shell is provided with an air outlet and is communicated with a vacuum pump (5) through a pipeline, a heat exchange cavity defined by the shell is internally provided with a sprayer and a full phase change heat pipe, the heat exchange pipe is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet and the outlet are provided with clapboards for separating refrigerant fluid from fluid flowing into and flowing out of the heat exchange pipe, the heat exchange pipe is used for circulating the heat exchange fluid, and the sprayer is arranged at the upper part in the shell and is used for spraying the refrigerant to the outer surface of the heat exchange pipe;
an outlet of a refrigerant water pump (7) is communicated with an inlet of the sprayer through a pipeline, an inlet of the water pump (7) is communicated with a water outlet of a refrigerant water tank (6) through a pipeline, one inlet of the refrigerant water tank (6) is communicated with an outlet at the lower middle part of the shell of the full phase heat exchanger (3) through a pipeline, and the other inlet of the refrigerant water tank (6) is communicated with a condensate water outlet at the right lower part of the shell of the full phase heat exchanger (3) through a pipeline;
the inlet of the water vapor pump (12) is communicated with the outlet of the water baffle (4), and the inlet of the water baffle (4) is communicated with the steam outlet at the upper right part of the shell of the full phase converter (3);
the heat regenerator (13) comprises a shell, wherein the shell is provided with an inlet and an outlet of water, and a heat regeneration cavity defined by the shell;
an inlet of a regenerative tube in a shell of the heat regenerator (13) is communicated with a steam outlet of the steam pump (12) through a pipeline, an outlet of the regenerative tube is communicated with an inlet of the saturated water tank (14), and an outlet of the saturated water tank (14) is communicated with an inlet of the saturated water pump (15); the inlet of the shell of the heat regenerator (13) is communicated with the outlet of a cold water pump (18), the inlet of the cold water pump (18) is communicated with the outlet of a 1 st valve, and the inlet of the 1 st valve is communicated with the outlet of a cold water tank (19); the outlet of the regenerator (13) shell is communicated with the inlet of the No. 2 valve.
2. The refrigerating and heating apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a high-pressure regenerator (16), a boiler (17), wherein an inlet of the regenerator (16) is communicated with an outlet of the saturated water pump (15), and an outlet of the regenerator (16) is communicated with an inlet of the boiler (17).
3. A method of cooling and heating for recovering the exhaust steam heat of a steam turbine, comprising a cooling and heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, which is operated so as to exhibit a remarkable cooling effect, characterized in that the ratio of the mass of the refrigerant liquid in the phase-change full-phase heat exchanger 3 flowing into the refrigerant tank (6) per unit time without phase change to the mass of the exhaust steam condensate flowing into the refrigerant tank (6) per unit time is at most 9: 1 and at most 3: 1.
4. A method for producing cold and heat according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus is operated so that a sufficient amount of hot water is available, wherein: the mass ratio of cold water entering the regenerative cavity from the inlet of the shell of the regenerator (13) in unit time to saturated water entering the saturated water tank (14) from the outlet of the regenerative tube in unit time is at most 20: 1 and at least 10: 1;
if hot water is not needed, the device can generate electricity and purify water, and the structure and the connection mode are as follows:
the heat regenerator (13) adopts the structure of a full-phase heat converter (3), the water entering the heat regenerator is one of saline-alkali water, seawater and sewage, the water is sprayed to the outer surface of a heat regeneration pipe from the upper part of the heat regenerator, the steam is discharged from a shell at the upper part of the heat regenerator (13), and the steam enters a steam pump and then is pumped into a steam turbine to push the steam turbine to do work to drive a generator to generate electricity; the exhaust steam of the steam turbine enters a full-phase heat exchange tube of a full-phase heat exchanger (3) to be condensed into condensed water; unvaporized water, namely waste water, is discharged from the lower part of the shell of the heat regenerator (13); the mass of spray water in the shell of the heat regenerator (13) per unit time is 2-4 times of the mass of water at the outlet of the heat regenerator tube per unit time.
5. An air conditioner, which takes the refrigerating and heating device as the main structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the air conditioner (10) is totally vacuumized, the air conditioner (10) is internally provided with a heat exchange pipe which is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the air conditioner (10) is totally characterized by claim 1, and is also additionally provided with a condensing box (8), a condensing pump (9), a low-temperature heat source (11), a low-pressure steam pump (9a), a 3 rd valve, a 4 th valve, a 5 th valve, a 6 th valve, a 7 th valve, an 8 th valve and a 9 th valve, the low-temperature heat source (11) is internally provided with a heat exchange pipe which is provided with an inlet and an outlet.
6. The air conditioner according to claim 5, wherein the outlet of the saturated water pump (15) communicates with the inlet of the refrigerant water tank (6); an outlet at the lower right part of the shell of the full-phase heat exchanger (3) is communicated with an inlet of a condensation tank (8), an outlet of the tank (8) is communicated with an inlet of a condensation pump (9), one outlet of the pump (9) is communicated with a 5 th valve inlet, and the other outlet of the pump (9) is communicated with a 9 th valve inlet; the outlet of the 5 th valve is communicated with the inlet of a heat exchange tube of the air conditioner (10), and the heat exchange tube of the air conditioner (10) is provided with two outlets: one outlet is communicated with the inlet of the 6 th valve, and the other outlet is communicated with the inlet of the 7 th valve; the outlet of the 9 th valve is communicated with the inlet of a heat exchange tube in the low-temperature heat source (11), and the outlet of the heat exchange tube of the low-temperature heat source (11) is communicated with the inlet of the 8 th valve; the 7 th valve outlet is communicated with the 8 th valve outlet and the inlet of a low-pressure steam pump (9a), and the outlet of the steam pump (9a) is communicated with a dead steam inlet (20).
7. The air conditioner according to any one of claims 5 and 6, wherein a 3 rd valve is added on a pipeline between the outlet of the steam pump (12) and the inlet of the regenerative tube of the regenerator (13), the 3 rd valve inlet is communicated with the outlet of the steam pump (12), and the 3 rd valve outlet is communicated with the inlet of the regenerative tube of the regenerator (13); a water vapor outlet is added on a pipeline between the outlet of the water vapor pump (12) and the inlet of the 3 rd valve; a steam inlet is arranged on a pipeline between the 5 th valve and the air conditioner (10), the steam inlet is communicated with a steam outlet through a pipeline, and a 4 th valve is additionally arranged on the pipeline; a fluid inlet is arranged on a pipeline between the refrigerant water tank (6) and the refrigerant water pump (7), and the outlet of the 6 th valve is communicated with the fluid inlet.
8. Air conditioner according to any of claims 5 and 6, which is operated in summer to provide sufficient cooling capacity, characterized in that the mass ratio of the refrigerant liquid in the casing of the full phase change heat exchanger (3) which has not changed phase per unit time and flows into the refrigerant tank (6) per unit time to the mass of the returned water pumped into the refrigerant tank (6) by the saturation water pump (15) per unit time is at most 9: 1 and at least 5: 1.
9. The air conditioner according to any one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the liquid entering the air conditioner (10) or the low temperature heat source (11) is subjected to a vaporization phase change heat absorption process, and is pumped into the full phase change heat exchange pipe by the low pressure air pump (9a) to be subjected to a liquefaction heat release process;
in the operation process of the air conditioner, the refrigerant is one of water, saline water and glycol water solution.
10. A power generation or heating device using heat energy of a low-temperature heat source takes the refrigeration and heating device as the main structure of claim 1, and is characterized in that a condensing box (8), a condensing pump (9), a low-temperature heat source (11), a high-pressure pump (9b), a steam turbine (9c) and a generator (9d) are additionally arranged, the device is totally vacuumized, and the outlet of a saturated water pump (15) is communicated with the inlet of a refrigerant water tank (6); the outlet of the steam pump (12) is communicated with the inlet of a 3 rd valve, and the outlet of the 3 rd valve is communicated with the inlet of a regenerative pipe; an outlet at the right lower part of a shell of the full-phase heat exchanger (3) is communicated with an inlet of a condensing box (8), an outlet of the box (8) is communicated with an inlet of a condensing pump (9), an outlet of the pump (9) is communicated with an inlet of a heat exchange tube of a low-temperature heat source (11), an outlet of the heat exchange tube of the low-temperature heat source (11) is communicated with a 1 st valve inlet, a 1 st valve outlet is communicated with an inlet of a high-pressure pump (9b), an outlet of the high-pressure pump (9b) is communicated with an inlet of a shell of a regenerator (13), an outlet of the shell of the regenerator (13) is communicated with a 2 nd valve inlet, a 2 nd valve outlet is communicated with an inlet of a steam turbine (9c), and a steam exhaust outlet of the steam turbine (9c) is communicated with a steam exhaust inlet (20) of the full-phase heat exchange heat tube; the working medium used by the closed circulation steam turbine is ammonia, butane and chlorofluoroalkane; the working medium used in the open cycle can be river water, saline-alkali water, seawater or other water, and the steam boiling in the shell of the heat regenerator (13) is the working medium; during open circulation, the steam is compressed by a first-stage steam pump and then enters a steam turbine to do work or to heat in winter.
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| CN201911109548.9A CN111023619B (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Green heat pump refrigerating and heating device and method |
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| JPH03199871A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-08-30 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Refrigerant system in absorption type heat pump room cooling and heating device |
| CN1587869A (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2005-03-02 | 胡广志 | Water midium phase changing refrigerator |
| CN106500516A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-03-15 | 杨胜东 | A kind of negative pressure is from cooling steam compression heat pump and its system |
| CN106546031A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-29 | 西安世康佰宜能源新技术有限责任公司 | Green heat pump refrigerating heating system, refrigerating and heating method and air-conditioning |
| CN108662802A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-16 | 吴巧魁 | Green heat pump refrigerating heating system, refrigerating and heating method and air-conditioning |
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2019
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03199871A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-08-30 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Refrigerant system in absorption type heat pump room cooling and heating device |
| CN1587869A (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2005-03-02 | 胡广志 | Water midium phase changing refrigerator |
| CN106546031A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-29 | 西安世康佰宜能源新技术有限责任公司 | Green heat pump refrigerating heating system, refrigerating and heating method and air-conditioning |
| CN106500516A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-03-15 | 杨胜东 | A kind of negative pressure is from cooling steam compression heat pump and its system |
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