CN115111806B - Combined heat and power system and method based on energy cascade utilization - Google Patents
Combined heat and power system and method based on energy cascade utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN115111806B CN115111806B CN202210706835.3A CN202210706835A CN115111806B CN 115111806 B CN115111806 B CN 115111806B CN 202210706835 A CN202210706835 A CN 202210706835A CN 115111806 B CN115111806 B CN 115111806B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/02—Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cogeneration system and a cogeneration method based on energy cascade utilization, which are characterized in that a wind generating set and an internal combustion generating set are combined to supply power, the waste heat of the flue gas of the internal combustion engine is recovered to drive an absorption heat pump, a negative pressure flash evaporation device is established to recover the waste heat of domestic sewage, the absorption heat pump extracts the waste heat to supply heat to users, and a compression heat pump with a solar heat collector as a low-temperature heat source is driven to supply heat to the users by the power generation of the generating set; during cooling, the compression heat pump and the absorption heat pump are driven by the generating capacity of the generator set and the waste heat of the flue gas respectively, the high-temperature heat source of the two heat pumps is switched to a cooling tower, and the low-temperature heat source is switched to refrigeration circulating water, so that cooling of a user is realized. The system utilizes clean energy to supply different kinds of cold, heat and electric load demands of users, and simultaneously recovers domestic sewage waste heat of the users, thereby realizing energy cascade utilization, improving the utilization rate of the clean energy, and solving the problems of low energy utilization rate and unreasonable energy distribution in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cogeneration, and relates to a cogeneration system and method based on energy cascade utilization.
Background
At present, the fossil energy in the total energy consumption amount has huge ratio and low energy utilization rate, and under the conditions of energy resource shortage and continuous rising of energy price, numerous load demands caused by rapid expansion of urban construction area cannot be met.
The centralized energy supply system mainly used in the thermal power plant can further cause the conflict between the environment and the economic construction development, various types of renewable energy sources are introduced into the multi-element system of the public institution building containing various traditional energy sources, the system is reasonably configured and optimized according to the load demand and the climate factors, the energy supply cost and the pollutant emission can be reduced under the condition of meeting the protection environment, the environmental pollution condition and the greenhouse effect are effectively relieved, and the sustainable development of the energy industry is promoted. For the existing clean energy types, how to reasonably match the clean energy types with the traditional energy, the whole course cooperation switching of the system can be realized in a heating season and a cooling season, the heating and peak shaving capacity of the system is further improved, and the establishment of a flexible, efficient, energy-saving and emission-reducing energy supply system is a main problem facing the field of distributed energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of unreasonable distribution of clean energy and traditional energy, inflexible switching of a system during heating and cooling, energy waste and weak peak regulation capacity of the system in the prior art, and provides a cogeneration system and a cogeneration method based on energy cascade utilization. The system efficiently combines wind energy, solar energy and an internal combustion engine unit, supplies different types of cold, heat and electric load demands of users by using clean energy, simultaneously recovers the waste heat of domestic sewage of the users, realizes energy cascade utilization and improves the utilization rate of the clean energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a cogeneration system based on energy cascade utilization, includes flue gas heat transfer unit, compression heat pump unit, absorption heat pump unit, sewage treatment unit, cooling tower, heat supply network return water main pipe, heat supply network water main pipe, chilled water return water main pipe and chilled water main pipe;
the absorption heat pump unit comprises a generator, a solution heat exchanger, an absorber, an evaporator and a condenser;
the hot network backwater main pipe is divided into three paths, and the first path is connected with the hot network water supply main pipe and the inlet of the cooling tower respectively through the hot side inlet of the compression heat pump unit; the second path is connected with a water side inlet of the generator and a heat supply network water supply main pipe respectively through a water side inlet of the flue gas heat exchange unit, and a water side outlet of the generator is connected with the water side inlet of the flue gas heat exchange unit; the third path is sequentially connected with a water side inlet of the absorber and a water side inlet of the condenser, a water side outlet of the condenser is respectively connected with a heat supply network water supply main pipe and a cooling tower inlet, and an outlet of the cooling tower is respectively connected with a hot side inlet of the compression heat pump unit and a water side inlet of the absorber;
the vapor side outlet of the generator is connected with the vapor side inlet of the condenser, the solution outlet of the generator is connected with the solution inlet of the generator through the first side solution inlet of the solution heat exchanger, the solution inlet of the absorber and the second side solution inlet of the solution heat exchanger in sequence, the condensed water outlet of the condenser is connected with the condensed water inlet of the evaporator, and the vapor side outlet of the evaporator is connected with the vapor side inlet of the absorber;
the chilled water return main pipe is connected with the chilled water supply main pipe through a cold side inlet of the evaporator and a cold side inlet of the compression heat pump unit respectively; the sewage unit is respectively connected with a chilled water supply main pipe and a condensed water inlet of the domestic sewage unit through a cold side inlet of the evaporator.
The invention further improves that:
the flue gas heat exchange unit comprises an internal combustion engine, a waste heat boiler and a flue gas heat exchanger;
the flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine is connected with the flue gas inlet of the exhaust-heat boiler, the flue gas outlet of the exhaust-heat boiler is connected with the flue gas inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger, the water side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger is connected with the heat supply network backwater main pipe, the water side outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger is connected with the water side inlet of the boiler, and the water side outlet of the boiler is respectively connected with the water side inlet of the generator and the heat supply network water supply main pipe.
The compression heat pump unit comprises a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator and a compressor;
the hot side inlet of the condenser is connected with the hot network backwater main pipe, the hot side outlet of the condenser is connected with the hot side outlet of the evaporator, the cold side outlet of the condenser is connected with the hot side inlet of the evaporator, the cold side inlet of the evaporator is connected with the chilled water backwater main pipe, and the cold side outlet of the evaporator is connected with the chilled water main pipe;
the expansion valve is disposed between the cold side outlet of the condenser and the hot side inlet of the evaporator, and the compressor is disposed between the hot side outlet of the evaporator and the cold side inlet of the condenser.
And a closed circulation pump, a solar heat collector and a filter are sequentially connected between the cold side outlet and the cold side inlet of the evaporator.
A compressor is arranged between the hot side outlet of the evaporator and the cold side inlet of the condenser, and an expansion valve is connected between the cold side outlet of the condenser and the hot side inlet of the evaporator.
The sewage unit comprises a sewage water supply pipe, a sewage water return pipe and a negative pressure flash tank;
the sewage water supply pipe is connected with the sewage inlet of the negative pressure flash tank, the steam outlet of the negative pressure flash tank is connected with the cold side inlet of the evaporator, the cold side outlet of the evaporator is connected with the condensate water inlet of the negative pressure flash tank, and the sewage outlet of the negative pressure flash tank is connected with the sewage return pipe.
And a condensate water inlet of the negative pressure flash tank is connected with the condensate water tank.
The internal combustion engine is connected with the generator, the output end of the generator is connected with the input end of the distribution box, the input end of the distribution box is connected with the output end of the wind driven generator, and the internal combustion engine and the wind driven generator supply power for the system through the distribution box.
The solution inlet of the generator is provided with a solution pump.
A cogeneration method based on energy cascade utilization comprises the following steps:
when the system supplies heat, hot water of a heat supply network backwater main pipe is divided into three paths, the first path enters a hot side inlet of the compression heat pump unit and exchanges heat with working media in the compression heat pump unit, and the hot water after heat absorption returns to the heat supply network water supply main pipe; the second path enters a smoke heat exchange unit to exchange heat with smoke in the smoke heat exchange unit, hot water after heat absorption is divided into two paths, one path returns to a heat supply network water supply main pipe, the other path enters a generator to exchange heat with solution in the generator, and the cooled hot water returns to the smoke heat exchange unit; the third path enters the absorber to exchange heat with the solution and the water vapor in the absorber, the hot water after absorbing heat enters the condenser to exchange heat with the water vapor in the condenser, and the hot water after absorbing heat returns to the hot water supply main pipe;
when the system is used for cooling, the chilled water backwater main pipe is divided into two paths, and the two paths respectively enter the compression heat pump unit and the evaporator to be heated and cooled, then return to the chilled water main pipe, the two paths of chilled water in the cooling tower are respectively cooled, one path of chilled water sequentially passes through the absorber and the condenser and then returns to the cooling tower to be cooled, and the other path of chilled water is absorbed by the condenser and then returns to the cooling tower to be cooled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a cogeneration system based on energy cascade utilization, which is characterized in that an absorption heat pump unit and a compression heat pump unit are matched for use, waste heat is extracted by combining a smoke heat exchange unit to drive the absorption heat pump unit to realize heat supply, and a sewage treatment unit is introduced to form a sewage source absorption heat pump unit, so that the absorption heat pump unit can simultaneously extract waste heat of smoke and domestic sewage to supply heat.
Furthermore, the invention utilizes the negative pressure flash tank to carry out primary treatment on domestic sewage, and is matched with the compression type heat pump unit and the absorption type heat pump unit, so that the problem of corrosion and blockage of a heat exchanger in the traditional sewage waste heat extraction process is solved in a novel sewage utilization mode, the heat pump heating performance coefficient is improved, and meanwhile, condensed water with higher quality can be recovered, and the sewage can be used as heat supply network water supplement, and the sewage utilization rate is improved.
Furthermore, the solar panel is arranged, the generated energy of the unit is utilized to drive the solar heat collector to combine with the compression heat pump as the supplement of the heat source and the cold source, so that the flexibility of the system is improved, the heating performance coefficient of the heat pump and the utilization rate of clean energy are improved, and the energy supply cost is reduced.
Furthermore, the internal combustion engine set and the wind turbine set are used as the combined power generator set, the wind turbine set is used as a basic power supply, and the internal combustion engine is used as the guarantee and supplement of the power supply, so that the wind power absorption capacity is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-an internal combustion engine; a 2-generator; 3-an exhaust-heat boiler; 4-a flue gas heat exchanger; 5-a wind power generator; a 6-rectifier; 7-an inverter; 8-a distribution box; 9-a heat supply network circulating water pump; 10-a first ball valve; 11-a first electrically operated control valve; 12-a second ball valve; 13-a second electrically operated regulator valve; 14-a third ball valve; 15-a third electric regulating valve; 16-fourth ball valve; 17-a fifth ball valve; 18-a sixth ball valve; 19-seventh ball valve; 20-fourth electric regulating valve; 21-eighth ball valve; a 22-generator; 23-a first expansion valve; 24-solution pump; 25-solution heat exchanger; a 26-absorber; 27-a first evaporator; 28-a second expansion valve; 29-a first condenser; 30-a ninth ball valve; 31-a cooling tower; 32-a cooling water circulation pump; 33-tenth ball valve; 34-eleventh ball valve; 35-a condensate pump; 36-a first electrically operated shut-off valve; 37-a condensate tank; 38-a second electrically operated shut-off valve; 39-a negative pressure flash tank; 40-vacuum pump; 41-twelfth ball valve; 42-spraying pump; 43-a sewage water pump; 44-a cooling circulation pump; 45-thirteenth ball valve; 46-fourteenth ball valve; 47-fifteenth ball valve; 48-a fifth electric regulating valve; 49-sixteenth ball valve; 50-seventeenth ball valve; 51-sixth electric control valve; 52-eighteenth ball valve; 53-a second condenser; 54-a third expansion valve; 55-a second evaporator; a 56-compressor; 57-nineteenth ball valve; 58-a closed circulating water pump; 59-a solar collector; 60-filtering; 61-twentieth ball valve; 62-twenty-first ball valve; 63-twenty-second ball valve.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or the positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal" if present does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a cogeneration system and a cogeneration method based on energy cascade utilization, the system combines a wind generating set and an internal combustion generating set to supply power, recovers the waste heat of the flue gas of the internal combustion engine to drive an absorption heat pump, establishes a negative pressure flash evaporation device to recover the waste heat of domestic sewage of a user by utilizing the characteristic that the saturated temperature of water is reduced along with the pressure reduction, extracts the waste heat by the absorption heat pump to realize heat supply to the user, and uses the generating set to generate power to drive a compression heat pump serving as a low-temperature heat source to supply heat to the user together; when the user side has a cold load demand, the compression heat pump and the absorption heat pump are driven by the generating capacity of the generator set and the waste heat of the flue gas respectively, the high-temperature heat source of the two heat pumps is switched to a cooling tower, and the low-temperature heat source is switched to refrigeration circulating water, so that the user is cooled. The wind turbine generator is combined with the internal combustion generator, wind power is taken as a basic power supply, the internal combustion engine is taken as a power supply guarantee and supplement, the wind power absorption capacity is improved, the smoke waste heat in the power generation process is utilized to drive the absorption heat pump to supply heat or cool, the negative pressure flash tank is established to solve the problem of corrosion and blockage of a heat exchanger in the traditional sewage waste heat extraction process in a novel sewage energy utilization mode, the generated energy of the generator is utilized to drive the solar heat collector to combine with the compression heat pump as a heat source and a cold source to supplement, the flexibility of the system is improved, the whole system realizes energy cascade utilization, deep waste heat recovery, the clean energy utilization rate is improved, and the energy supply cost of the system and the pollutant emission mainly comprising carbon dioxide are reduced.
The internal combustion generator set and the wind power generator set are combined to generate electricity, so that the electric load requirements of users and the power consumption of electric equipment in the system are met, meanwhile, the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is recovered by the waste heat boiler and the smoke heat exchanger to prepare hot water, and the hot water is distributed according to different heat loads of the users, wherein one part of the hot water is used for directly supplying heat, and the other part of the hot water is used for driving the absorption heat pump; the absorption heat pump low-temperature heat source is a negative pressure flash evaporation device, the characteristic that the saturation temperature of water is reduced along with the pressure reduction is utilized, domestic sewage of a user is sent into a negative pressure environment in a flash evaporation tank to be evaporated to generate water vapor carrying a large amount of latent heat to be used as a low-temperature heat source of the heat pump, the absorption heat pump utilizes hot water prepared by waste heat of flue gas to drive and recycle the domestic sewage waste heat to heat the circulating water of a heat supply network so as to realize heat supply to the user, when the cold load is required on the user side, the high-temperature heat source of the heat pump is switched to a cooling tower, the low-temperature heat source is switched to be chilled water circulating water used by the user for cooling, and heat extracted by cooling backwater of chilled water is transferred to the cooling tower to be dissipated, so that the user is cooled; the compression heat pump is driven by the generated energy of the internal combustion engine unit and the wind generating set, the solar heat collector is used as a low-temperature heat source, the solar heat collection quantity is extracted to heat the circulating water of the heat supply network to realize heat supply to users, when the absorption heat pump can not independently meet the cold load requirement of the users, the low-temperature heat source of the compression heat pump is switched to the circulating water of the chilled water of the users, the high-temperature heat source is switched to the cooling tower, and the heat pump is used as a cold source to supplement, so that the cooling to the users is realized.
The connection relation of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine 1 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the boiler 3, and the flue gas inlet of the boiler 3 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 4;
the water return of the heat supply network circulating water is divided into three paths:
the first path is communicated with a heat supply network circulating water inlet of the second condenser 53, a heat supply network circulating water outlet of the second condenser 53 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a heat supply network water supply main pipe, and the other path is connected with an inlet of the cooling tower 31;
the second path is connected with a heat supply network circulating water inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 4, a heat supply network circulating water outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 4 is connected with a heat supply network circulating water inlet of the waste heat boiler 3 through a second ball valve 12, the heat supply network circulating water outlet of the waste heat boiler 3 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the heat supply network circulating water inlet of the generator 22 through a third electric regulating valve 15 and a fourth ball valve 16, and the other path is sequentially connected with a heat supply network water supply main pipe through a second electric regulating valve 13 and a third ball valve 14;
the third path is connected with the water side inlet of the absorber 26 through the seventh ball valve 19 and the fourth electric regulating valve 20, the water side outlet of the absorber 26 is connected with the water side inlet of the first condenser 29, the water side outlet of the first condenser 29 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the inlet of the cooling tower 31 through the ninth ball valve 30, and the other path is connected with the main pipe of the heat supply network water supply through the eighth ball valve 21.
The heat supply network circulating water outlet of the generator 22 is connected with the heat supply network circulating water inlet of the waste heat boiler 3 through a fifth ball valve 17, the outlet of the generator 22 is also connected with the heat supply network circulating water inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 4 through a sixth ball valve 18, the steam outlet of the generator 22 is connected with the steam inlet of a first condenser 29, the solution outlet of the generator 22 is connected with the first side solution inlet of the solution heat exchanger 25 through a first expansion valve 23, the first side solution outlet of the solution heat exchanger 25 is connected with the solution inlet of the absorber 26 through a solution pump 24, the solution outlet of the absorber 26 is connected with the second side solution inlet of the solution heat exchanger 25, and the second side solution outlet of the solution heat exchanger 25 is connected with the solution inlet of the generator 22; the condensate outlet of the first condenser 29 is connected to the condensate inlet of the first evaporator 27 through a second expansion valve 28, and the vapor outlet of the first evaporator 27 is connected to the vapor inlet of the absorber 26.
The domestic sewage water supply pipe is connected with the sewage inlet of the negative pressure flash tank 39 through a domestic sewage water supply pump 42, the steam outlet of the negative pressure flash tank 39 is connected with the cold side inlet of the first evaporator 27 through a twelfth ball valve 41, the cold side inlet of the first evaporator 27 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the chilled water supply main pipe through a fourteenth ball valve 46, and the other path is connected with the condensed water inlet of the negative pressure flash tank 39 through an eleventh ball valve 34, a condensed water pump 35 and an electric stop valve 38 in sequence; the condensate inlet of the negative pressure flash tank 39 is also connected with a condensate tank 37, the inlet of the condensate pipe 37 is provided with an electric stop valve 36, the negative pressure flash tank 39 is also connected with a vacuum pump 40, the vacuum pump 40 is used for maintaining the vacuum degree in the negative pressure flash tank 39, and the sewage outlet of the negative pressure flash tank 39 is connected with a sewage return pipe.
The chilled water return water is divided into two paths, one path enters the second evaporator 55 to exchange heat after passing through the fifteenth ball valve 47 and the fifth electric regulating valve 48, and returns to the chilled water supply main pipe through the sixteenth ball valve 49 after exchanging heat, and the other path is connected with the cold side inlet of the first evaporator 27 through the thirteenth ball valve 45, and the cold side outlet of the first evaporator 27 is connected with the chilled water supply main pipe.
The outlet of the cooling tower 31 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the water side inlet of the absorber 26, the other path is connected with the hot side inlet of the second condenser 53, the cold side outlet of the heat supply network circulating water 53 is connected with the hot side inlet of the second evaporator 55, and the hot side outlet of the second evaporator 55 is connected with the cold side inlet of the heat supply network circulating water 53.
A compressor 56 is arranged between the cold side inlet of the second condenser 53 and the hot side outlet of the second evaporator 55, and an expansion valve 54 is arranged between the cold side outlet of the second condenser 53 and the hot side inlet of the second evaporator 55; the second condenser 53, the expansion valve 54, the second evaporator 55, and the compressor 56 constitute a compression heat pump unit. A ball valve 57, a closed circulation pump 58, a solar collector 59, a filter 60 and a ball valve 61 are also provided in this order between the cold side inlet and the cold side outlet of the second evaporator 55.
The pipeline of the main pipe of the heat supply network water supply is sequentially provided with a heat supply network circulating water pump 9, a first ball valve 10 and a first electric regulating valve 11.
The working principle of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the power generation side comprises an internal combustion engine power generation system which is composed of an internal combustion engine 1, a power generator 2, a waste heat boiler 3 and a smoke heat exchanger 4 which are sequentially connected, a wind power generator set which is composed of a wind power generator 5, a rectifier 6 and an inverter 7, and a micro-grid system is composed of the two in combination with a distribution box 8; the generated energy of the wind driven generator 5 is rectified by the rectifier 6 and then is converted into available alternating current by the inverter 7 to be transmitted to the distribution box 8, the internal combustion engine 1 drives the generator 2 to generate electricity, the generated energy is also transmitted to the distribution box 8, and the generated energy of the internal combustion generator set and the generated energy of the fan generator set are used for meeting the electric load demands of users and the power consumption of each water pump and each compressor in the system; the internal combustion engine 1 does work and simultaneously, the generated smoke exhaust sequentially enters the waste heat boiler 3 and the smoke heat exchanger 4 to recycle smoke waste heat by using heat supply network circulating water. The heat supply and cold supply side comprises a sewage source absorption heat pump system consisting of an absorption heat pump and a sewage negative pressure flash evaporation device, and also comprises a solar heat pump system consisting of a solar heat collector and a compression heat pump.
When the system is used for cogeneration, the wind generating set and the internal combustion engine set generate electricity simultaneously to meet the electric load demands of users and the power consumption of each device of the system, the exhaust smoke waste heat of the internal combustion engine is recovered to prepare hot water, the return water of the heat supply network is boosted by the heat supply network circulating water pump 9 and is sent into each branch, at the moment, the first ball valve 10, the second ball valve 12, the third ball valve 14, the fourth ball valve 16, the fifth ball valve 17, the seventh ball valve 19, the eighth ball valve 21, the eleventh ball valve 34 and the twelfth ball valve 41 are opened, the other ball valves are closed, the partial flow of the return water main pipe of the heat supply network is divided into three paths, one path sequentially enters the flue gas heat exchanger 4 and the waste heat boiler 3 to recover the flue gas waste heat to directly supply heat, the other path is used as a driving heat source of the absorption heat pump, and one part of the return water is heated by the absorption heat pump to supply heat:
wherein a part of flow heated by the absorption heat pump is converged into a heat supply network water supply main pipe after passing through a seventh ball valve 19, a fourth electric regulating valve 20, an absorber 26, a first condenser 29 and an eighth ball valve 21, the fourth electric regulating valve 20 is used for controlling the flow of the heat supply network water heated by the absorption heat pump unit in the absorber 26 and the first condenser 29,
the two flow rates for directly supplying heat to the driving heat source and the recovered flue gas waste heat firstly pass through the first ball valve 10, the first electric regulating valve 11, the flue gas heat exchanger 4, the second ball valve 12 and the waste heat boiler 3 together, and then are divided into two paths: the partial flow taking one path as a driving heat source completes the circulation of the driving heat source at the bifurcation port through a third electric regulating valve 15, a fourth ball valve 16, a generator 22 and a fifth ball valve 17; the other path of partial flow for direct heat supply is used as heat supply network water supply for a user after passing through the second electric regulating valve 13 and the third ball valve 14 at the bifurcation port and mixing the partial flow heated by the absorption heat pump unit,
the first electric regulating valve 11, the second electric regulating valve 13 and the third electric regulating valve 15 are used for controlling flow distribution of two-loop heat supply network water which is used for driving a heat source and recovering waste heat to directly supply heat to the outside.
The low-temperature heat source of the absorption heat pump unit adopts a mode of recovering waste heat of sewage through negative pressure flash evaporation, domestic sewage is sprayed into a negative pressure flash evaporation tank 39 through a sewage spray pump 42, a vacuum pump 40 is used for maintaining vacuum degree in the tank, the low-temperature sewage is flashed into negative pressure steam in a negative pressure environment, the negative pressure steam is heated and condensed in a first evaporator 27 through a twelfth ball valve 41, condensed water is sent back into the flash evaporation tank 39 through an eleventh ball valve 34, a condensed water pump 35 and a second electric stop valve 38, the sewage water pump 43 returns the low-temperature sewage after being heated to the original place, when the liquid level of the negative pressure flash evaporation tank 39 is higher, the second electric stop valve 38 is closed, the first electric stop valve 36 is opened, and the flash evaporation steam condensed water is sent into the condensed water tank 37;
the lithium bromide dilute solution absorbs and drives the heat of hot water to evaporate and decompose into high-temperature high-pressure water vapor and lithium bromide concentrated solution in the generator 22, the concentrated solution is depressurized by the expansion valve 23 and then enters the solution heat exchanger 25 to give heat to the dilute solution, then enters the absorber 26, the concentrated solution absorbs the low-temperature low-pressure water vapor from the first evaporator 27 in the absorber 26 and releases heat to become dilute solution, the dilute solution then enters the solution heat exchanger 25 to absorb the heat of the concentrated solution and then is pressurized by the solution pump 24 and sent back to the generator 22, the high-temperature high-pressure water vapor evaporated by the generator 22 enters the first condenser 29 to condense and release heat, and the generated condensed water is depressurized by the expansion valve 28 and then enters the first evaporator 27 to absorb the heat of the low-temperature heat source to evaporate.
When the heat supply capacity of the flue gas waste heat driven heat pump cannot meet the heat load of a user, the seventeenth ball valve 50, the eighteenth ball valve 52, the nineteenth ball valve 57 and the twentieth ball valve 61 are opened, part of heat supply network backwater is sent to a heat supply pipe of the heat supply network through the seventeenth ball valve 50, the sixth electric regulating valve 51 and the eighteenth ball valve 52, the sixth electric regulating valve 51 is used for controlling the flow rate of the heated heat supply network water entering the second condenser 53 of the compression heat pump unit, and the low-temperature heat source circulating water is sent back to the second evaporator 55 through the nineteenth ball valve 57, the closed circulating water pump 58, the solar heat collector 59, the filter 60 and the twenty first ball valve 61 at the outlet of the second evaporator 55, wherein the power consumption of the compressor 56 is provided by the power generation amount of the internal combustion engine 1 and the wind driven generator 5. The internal working medium absorbs heat in the second evaporator 55 and then evaporates into the compressor 56, the working medium compressed into a high-temperature high-pressure state enters into the second condenser 53 to condense and release heat, and the condensed working medium is depressurized by the third expansion valve 54 and then returns to the second evaporator 54 to complete the internal circulation of the compression heat pump unit.
When the system is powered by combined cooling and power, the generating capacity of the generator set meets the requirements of user electric load and equipment power consumption, the smoke waste heat drives the absorption heat pump to supply cold, the generator set drives the electric heat pump, the high-temperature heat sources of the absorption heat pump and the electric heat pump become cooling towers, and the low-temperature heat sources of the absorption heat pump and the electric heat pump become refrigeration circulating water for cooling by users, so that external cooling is realized. The specific working process is as follows: the fourth ball valve 16, the fifth ball valve 17, the ninth ball valve 30, the tenth ball valve 33, the thirteenth ball valve 45 and the fourteenth ball valve 46 are opened, the other ball valves are closed, at this time, the closed circulating water serving as a driving heat source of the absorption heat pump unit enters the waste heat boiler 3 through the fifth ball valve 17 at a circulating water outlet of the heat supply network of the generator 22 to recover the waste heat of flue gas, and then the third electric regulating valve 15 and the fourth ball valve 16 are used for recovering the generator 22 to drive the absorption heat pump unit to refrigerate.
In the cooling water loop, cooling water is pumped out and boosted by a cooling water circulating pump 32 in a cooling tower 31, and then returned to the cooling tower 31 through a tenth ball valve 33, an absorber 26, a first condenser 29 and a ninth ball valve 30 in sequence for spray cooling and temperature reduction.
The chilled water return water is cooled by the heat pump through the thirteenth ball valve 45, the first evaporator 27 and the fourteenth ball valve 46 after being boosted by the cooling circulation pump 44, and then is supplied to the user for refrigeration.
When the cooling capacity of the flue gas waste heat driven absorption heat pump cannot meet the cooling load of a user, the ball valve 47, the sixteenth ball valve 49, the twenty first ball valve 62 and the twenty second ball valve 63 are opened to enable the compression heat pump unit to participate in cooling, at the moment, the chilled water backwater is boosted by the cooling circulation pump 44 and then enters the first evaporator 27 and the second evaporator 55 in two paths to be heated and cooled respectively, the fifth electric regulating valve 48 is used for controlling the flow distribution entering the two evaporators, the cooling water is boosted by the cooling water circulation pump 32 and then enters the first condenser 29 and the second condenser 53 in two paths respectively, the sixth electric regulating valve 51 is used for regulating the cooling water flow distribution entering the two condensers, and the cooling water is returned to the cooling tower 31 after being combined to be sprayed and cooled, wherein the power consumption of the compressor 56 is provided by the generated energy of the internal combustion engine 1 and the fan 5.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the internal combustion generating set drives the absorption heat pump unit by utilizing the flue gas waste heat, and the wind generating set is matched to generate electricity to drive the electric heat pump and the absorption heat pump to supply cold or heat together, so that the energy cascade utilization is realized, the energy supply flexibility of the system is improved, the problem of blockage of a heat exchanger of a conventional sewage utilization system is solved by the negative pressure flash evaporation unit, the utilization rate of the whole clean energy is improved by the solar heat pump and the sewage source absorption heat pump together, the higher heating performance coefficient is realized, and the whole energy supply cost and pollutant emission of the system are reduced.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a cogeneration system based on energy cascade utilization which is characterized in that comprises a flue gas heat exchange unit, a compression heat pump unit, an absorption heat pump unit, a sewage treatment unit, a cooling tower (31), a heat supply network backwater main pipe, a heat supply network water supply main pipe, a chilled water backwater main pipe and a chilled water supply main pipe;
the absorption heat pump unit comprises a generator (22), a solution heat exchanger (25), an absorber (26), a first evaporator (27) and a first condenser (29);
the heat supply network backwater main pipe is divided into three paths, and the first path is connected with the heat supply network water supply main pipe and the inlet of the cooling tower (31) respectively through the hot side inlet of the compression heat pump unit; the second path is connected with a water side inlet of the generator (22) and a heat supply network water supply main pipe respectively through a water side inlet of the flue gas heat exchange unit, and a water side outlet of the generator (22) is connected with the water side inlet of the flue gas heat exchange unit; the third path is sequentially connected with a water side inlet of the absorber (26) and a water side inlet of the first condenser (29), a water side outlet of the first condenser (29) is respectively connected with a heat supply network water supply main pipe and a cooling tower (31) inlet, and an outlet of the cooling tower (31) is respectively connected with a hot side inlet of the compression heat pump unit and a water side inlet of the absorber (26);
the vapor side outlet of the generator (22) is connected with the vapor side inlet of the first condenser (29), the solution outlet of the generator (22) is sequentially connected with the solution inlet of the generator (22) through the first side solution inlet of the solution heat exchanger (25), the solution inlet of the absorber (26) and the second side solution inlet of the solution heat exchanger (25), the condensed water outlet of the first condenser (29) is connected with the condensed water inlet of the first evaporator (27), and the vapor side outlet of the first evaporator (27) is connected with the vapor side inlet of the absorber (26);
the chilled water return main pipe is connected with the chilled water supply main pipe through a cold side inlet of the first evaporator (27) and a cold side inlet of the compression heat pump unit respectively; the sewage treatment unit is respectively connected with a chilled water supply main pipe and a condensed water inlet of the domestic sewage unit through a cold side inlet of a first evaporator (27);
the flue gas heat exchange unit comprises an internal combustion engine (1), a waste heat boiler (3) and a flue gas heat exchanger (4);
the flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine (1) is connected with the flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler (3), the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (3) is connected with the flue gas inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (4), the water side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (4) is connected with the heat supply network backwater main pipe, the water side outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (4) is connected with the water side inlet of the boiler (3), and the water side outlet of the boiler (3) is respectively connected with the water side inlet of the generator (22) and the heat supply network main pipe;
the compression heat pump unit comprises a second condenser (53), an expansion valve (54), a second evaporator (55) and a compressor (56);
the hot side inlet of the second condenser (53) is connected with a heat supply network backwater main pipe, the hot side outlet of the second condenser (53) is connected with a heat supply network water supply main pipe, the cold side inlet of the second condenser (53) is connected with the hot side outlet of the second evaporator (55), the cold side outlet of the second condenser (53) is connected with the hot side inlet of the second evaporator (55), the cold side inlet of the second evaporator (55) is connected with a chilled water backwater main pipe, and the cold side outlet of the second evaporator (55) is connected with a chilled water supply main pipe;
the expansion valve (54) is arranged between the cold side outlet of the second condenser (53) and the hot side inlet of the second evaporator (55), and the compressor (56) is arranged between the hot side outlet of the second evaporator (55) and the cold side inlet of the second condenser (53);
the sewage treatment unit comprises a sewage water supply pipe, a sewage return pipe and a negative pressure flash tank (39);
the sewage water supply pipe is connected with a sewage inlet of the negative pressure flash tank (39), a steam outlet of the negative pressure flash tank (39) is connected with a cold side inlet of the first evaporator (27), a cold side outlet of the first evaporator (27) is connected with a condensate water inlet of the negative pressure flash tank (39), and a sewage outlet of the negative pressure flash tank (39) is connected with a sewage return pipe;
the condensate water inlet of the negative pressure flash tank (39) is connected with the condensate water tank (37).
2. The cogeneration system based on energy cascade utilization of claim 1, wherein a closed circulation pump (58), a solar collector (59), and a filter (60) are connected in sequence between the cold side outlet and the cold side inlet of the second evaporator (55).
3. A cogeneration system based on energy cascade utilization according to claim 1, wherein a compressor (56) is arranged between the hot side outlet of the second evaporator (55) and the cold side inlet of the second condenser (53), and wherein an expansion valve (54) is connected between the cold side outlet of the second condenser (53) and the hot side inlet of the second evaporator (55).
4. The cogeneration system based on energy cascade utilization according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine (1) is connected with the generator (2), the output end of the generator (2) is connected with the input end of the distribution box (8), the input end of the distribution box (8) is connected with the output end of the wind driven generator (5), and the internal combustion engine (1) and the wind driven generator (5) supply power for the system through the distribution box (8).
5. A cogeneration system based on energy cascade utilization according to claim 1, wherein a solution pump (24) is provided at the solution inlet of the generator (22).
6. The cogeneration method based on energy cascade utilization of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
when the system supplies heat, hot water of a heat supply network backwater main pipe is divided into three paths, the first path enters a hot side inlet of the compression heat pump unit and exchanges heat with working media in the compression heat pump unit, and the hot water after heat absorption returns to the heat supply network water supply main pipe; the second path enters a smoke heat exchange unit to exchange heat with smoke in the smoke heat exchange unit, hot water after heat absorption is divided into two paths, one path returns to a heat supply network water supply main pipe, the other path enters a generator (22) to exchange heat with solution in the generator (22), and the cooled hot water returns to the smoke heat exchange unit; the third path enters the absorber (26), exchanges heat with the solution and the water vapor in the absorber (26), the hot water after heat absorption enters the first condenser (29), exchanges heat with the water vapor in the first condenser (29), and returns to the hot water supply main pipe after heat absorption;
when the system is used for cooling, the chilled water backwater main pipe is divided into two paths, the two paths enter the compression heat pump unit and the first evaporator (27) respectively and are heated and cooled, then the two paths return to the chilled water supply main pipe, the cooling water in the cooling tower (31) is cooled by one path of the chilled water backwater main pipe sequentially passing through the first evaporator (27) and the first condenser (29) and then returning to the cooling tower (31) for cooling, and the other path of chilled water is heated by the second condenser (53) and then returns to the cooling tower (31) for cooling.
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