JP2002235088A - Equipment and method for producing charcoal and bamboo charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a relatively simple method and an equipment therefor affording a uniform and high-quality carbonized material. SOLUTION: The carbonizing equipment 1 includes a combustion chamber 2 and a carbonizing furnace 3, wherein a tray with its periphery comprising a wire net or provided with many perforations is disposed in the carbonizing furnace 3. Charcoal or bamboo charcoal is produced by containing a woody or bamboo feedstock material in the tray followed by heating the carbonizing furnace 3 to carbonize the feedstock material. By the way, the carbonizing equipment 1 may also detachably include a smoke cooler 5 having a pyroligneous acid recovery unit 4 comprising a number of fire tubes.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing charcoal or bamboo charcoal by carbonizing wood or bamboo by batch processing or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In addition, carbonization is carried out in a traditional earthen kiln. However, the temperature of the kiln varies greatly depending on the location, and the quality of the obtained charcoal and bamboo charcoal varies widely, leading to uneven smoking. There was a drawback that it was not homogeneous. The batch type carbonization apparatus includes a combustion chamber, a carbonization furnace (this furnace is sometimes referred to as a carbonization processing chamber), a smoke cooler (a vinegar recovery device is often installed recently), and a smoke removal device. It is known that it comprises a chimney and the like.

However, when carbonizing wood or bamboo with the above-mentioned conventional carbonizing apparatus, it is difficult to keep the temperature in the carbonizing furnace constant, and thus it has been difficult to obtain a carbonized material which has been substantially uniformly carbonized.

[0004] Therefore, for example, a damper for introducing air is provided in the carbonization furnace to control the flow of air or combustion gas, and to control the carbonization temperature according to a temperature pattern. There has been proposed a configuration in which a signal from a sensor installed at an appropriate position in the above is used.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a homogeneous and high-quality carbonized material by a relatively simple method and apparatus.

[0006]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One of the features of the present invention is that charcoal and bamboo charcoal obtained by carbonizing in a simple carbonizing furnace such as an earthen kiln, drum or brick block are stored in a mechanical carbonizing furnace or the like. It is to manage at an arbitrary or desired temperature and re-fire to uniformly carbonize.

More specifically, the present inventors reexamined the history of bamboo and wood drying, thermal degradation, pyrolysis, and carbonization in an earthen kiln. As a conclusion of this result, "smoking drying treatment" to avoid defects such as cracking and deformation of bamboo charcoal and charcoal, that is, pretreatment of raw bamboo and raw wood as raw materials, and drying, if necessary, By re-firing uncarbonized or carbide obtained in the thermal degradation process, thermal decomposition, and carbonization process, it has been found that a high-quality, homogeneous and excellent carbonized material can be obtained.

In this case, it has also been found that the re-firing requires a uniform firing temperature of the raw materials. For this purpose, a tray provided with a wire mesh or a number of small holes around the periphery is prepared. The apparatus and method for storing the raw material of the above-mentioned pre-treated uncarbonized or carbide in a tray and re-firing in a furnace are the most technically and economically excellent, and are the main features of the present invention. ing.

In other words, the combustion gas sent from the carbonization furnace or the combustion chamber into the carbonization furnace in this way enters the tray through the mesh or many small holes of the tray and burns the raw material. The combustion gas recirculates in the inside, and the convection heat acts on the raw material in a substantially uniform temperature distribution anywhere in the tray. As a result, the produced carbonized material is of a homogeneous and high quality.

In the present invention, the pretreatment, that is, the uncarbonized or carbonized material before refiring is preferably processed in an earthen kiln. This is because pre-treatment such as heat-drying and low-temperature carbonization, which avoid the disadvantages such as cracking and deformation of bamboo charcoal and charcoal, and low-temperature carbonization are most economical and most excellent when performed in an earthen kiln.

In general, the effects of the present invention are that low-quality charcoal and bamboo charcoal, which have uncarbonized portions remaining and whose quality varies widely, can be homogenized, and that trays containing raw materials can be transported into the furnace. Because it is easy to carry out, it can be taken out at any carbonization temperature, and it is possible to prepare carbides at various temperatures. This is because continuous firing is also possible because of the in-and-out operation, and the productivity has been greatly improved.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in the case where a carbonizing apparatus in which a combustion chamber and a carbonizing furnace are integrated and bamboo is used as a raw material.

1 to 4, (1) is an apparatus main body usually called a batch type carbonization furnace, (2) is a combustion chamber thereof,
(3) is a carbonization furnace connected by an appropriate combustion gas introduction path. In FIG. 5, (5) is a smoke cooler provided with an vinegar liquid recovery device (4), (6) is a smoke elimination device, 7) is a chimney.

The tray (8) is also called a carbonized basket which can be arranged in the carbonizing furnace (3). The tray shown is surrounded by a stainless steel wire mesh (9). However, it is needless to say that the flat plate may be formed with a large number of small holes having a predetermined diameter, and the structure of the tray may be one box-shaped body or a combination of many box-shaped bodies or cylindrical bodies. In addition, entrances and exits for raw materials are provided.

[0015] In the combustion chamber (2), combustion gas serving as a heat source of carbonization is obtained by combustion of the fuel material.

Now, an appropriate number of pre-treated bamboo uncarbonized or carbonized raw materials (A) are stored in a tray (8). In the case of this embodiment, the pretreatment refers to a bamboo raw material that has been subjected to a heat treatment through a process of drying, thermal degradation, pyrolysis, and carbonization in an earthen kiln, and here, for convenience, “uncarbonized or carbonized. Raw materials for refiring ".

The raw material (A) for this refiring is
It is possible to use the raw material as it is according to the purpose of use. However, since the present invention aims to obtain a more uniform and high quality carbonized material, the following refiring is performed. Although an earthen kiln was used in this embodiment, a so-called “simple carbonization furnace” made of a drum or a brick block was used.
A well-known carbonization furnace may be used.

Subsequently, the tray (8) containing the raw material (A) is carried into the carbonizing furnace (3) of the carbonizing furnace main body (1), and the fuel is burned in the combustion chamber (2). The gas fills the carbonization furnace (3) via the introduction path. At the same time, the wire mesh (9) of the tray (8) penetrates into the tray (8) and re-fires the raw material (A) to carbonize.

In this case, the periphery of the tray (8) is a wire mesh (9) such as stainless steel. At that location, convection of hot fuel gas occurs in the tray (8). The average heat treatment was performed for all of A), and the produced carbide was homogeneous and of high quality.

As a specific embodiment, 420 kg of the smoked or uncarbonized bamboo raw material (A) is stored in the tray (8), and the set temperature in the carbonization furnace (3) is set at 1000 kg.
Carbonization was performed as a degree.

As a result, the variation of the control set temperature in the course of the carbonization temperature can be a very small numerical value of plus or minus 3%, and high-precision temperature control has become possible.

The bamboo charcoal yield is 103 kilograms, which is close to the desired value, and the charcoal is hardly damaged as a result of visual observation, and the bamboo material retains its original shape.
The bamboo charcoal had a glossy surface indicating high quality, and from this point it was confirmed that good and high quality bamboo charcoal was obtained.

In this embodiment, the batch type carbonizing furnace has been described as the carbonizing apparatus for refiring. However, in the case of the mechanical type carbonizing furnace, a box-type batch type, a rotary type (batch, continuous), and a fluidized bed are used. Expressions are appropriate.

[0024]

Although the effects of the present invention cannot be generally achieved in an earthen kiln, the heating method is performed so that the temperature rises in accordance with the basic thermal behavior of the bamboo material, and an exothermic reaction and combustion of decomposed gas are performed. It has become possible to increase the temperature by effectively utilizing such factors. As a result, the present device does not require the supply of external energy such as fossil fuel or electric power, and can be an energy-saving device.

In addition, the control of the carbonization temperature was carried out by detecting the temperature of the chimney in the earthen kiln and the atmosphere temperature in the furnace in the conventional apparatus. However, this is inaccurate. The system is controlled by directly managing its own temperature. As a result, the carbonization temperature can be freely selected in the range of 500 to 1000 degrees, which was impossible in an earthen kiln, and a carbide capable of meeting the target carbonization temperature was obtained.

Further, the periphery of the carbonization tray (8) for filling bamboo material has a wire mesh (9) or a special structure having small holes,
So that the combustion gas sent here is evenly dispersed,
The fact that such a uniform carbonization was made possible improved the productivity of bamboo charcoal as a homogeneous industrial material.

In addition, if the cooling process of the bamboo charcoal is forcibly cooled so as not to impair the quality of the bamboo charcoal, the carbonization process can be shortened, showing the possibility of industrialization of bamboo charcoal production, and producing the bamboo charcoal. Can be recognized as having a sufficiently high quality even at the stage of visual observation, and the use as a functional carbon material is sufficiently developed.

[0028]

FIG. 5 shows the vinegar recovery apparatus (4) described above, and such vinegar has recently been attracting attention as a plant activator and other wide applications.

The smoke cooler (5) provided with the vinegar recovery device (4) is used for cleaning the pipe between the carbonization furnace (3) and the exhaust passage (10) in the chimney (7). A large number of vertical smoke tubes (1
1), an inlet (12) for cooling water provided above the smoke cooler (5), and an outlet (13) provided below the same.

That is, the raw material (A) in the carbonization furnace (3)
Combustion gas smoke that acts to carbonize
By passing through 0) into the smoke tube (11) of the smoke cooler (5), heat is exchanged with the cooling water through the tube (11), the mixture is rapidly cooled and discharged from the chimney (7). At this time, the vinegar adheres (condenses) to the inside of the smoke tube (11) and is collected.

In order to attach or remove the vinegar recovery device (4) and the smoke cooler (5) to or from the exhaust path (10), for example, a crane mechanism (14) provided on the upper surface of the carbonization furnace main body (1) And a smoke cooler (5) having the above-mentioned recovery device (4) are connected by a wire or the like (not shown), and bolts for fastening the smoke cooler (5) to the exhaust path (10) are removed. The embodiment of the present invention in which the mechanism (14) is swiveled and the vinegar liquid recovery device (4) and the smoke cooler (5) are detachably provided is also within the scope of the present invention. It is.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an entire apparatus for producing charcoal and bamboo charcoal, showing an example of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway side view showing the inside of a processing chamber in the apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway explanatory view of a cooling and bamboo vinegar recovery device provided in the chimney section;

[Explanation of symbols]

 A, Raw materials 1, Carbonization furnace main body 2, Combustion chamber 3, Carbonization furnace 4, Vinegar recovery device 5, Smoke cooler 6, Smoke eliminator 7, Chimney 8, Tray 9, Wire mesh 10, Exhaust passage 11, Smoke tube 12 , Inlet 13, outlet 14, crane mechanism

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Toba Akebono Obama bamboo charcoal production union F-term (reference) 4H012 JA01 JA04 JA13 4K055 AA00 HA01 HA14

Claims (4)

[Claims] In a carbonization apparatus of a batch type or the like having a combustion chamber and a carbonization furnace provided integrally or separately through a combustion gas introduction passage, a tray having a wire mesh or a number of small holes around the tray is used. Placed in a carbonization furnace,
An apparatus for producing charcoal and bamboo charcoal, wherein raw materials such as bamboo are stored and carbonized by heating a carbonization furnace. 2. A charcoal or bamboo charcoal for a charcoal or bamboo charcoal, wherein the vinegar recovery device comprises a large number of flue tubes and a smoke cooler including the vinegar recovery device is detachable. manufacturing device. 3. In a carbonization apparatus such as a batch type having a combustion chamber and a carbonization furnace provided integrally or separately through a combustion gas introduction path, a tray having a wire mesh or a number of small holes around the tray is used. A method for producing charcoal or bamboo charcoal, wherein raw materials placed in a carbonization furnace and contained in the tray are uncarbonized or carbide, and refired for carbonization. 4. A method for producing charcoal or bamboo charcoal according to claim 3, wherein the raw material of uncarbonized or carbide is fired in an earthen kiln and stored in said tray for refiring.