JP2000063848A - Carbonization furnace by heated steam - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonization furnace using superheated steam which, in spite of a short carbonization period, produces much carbon content, less tar, and much smoked liquid. SOLUTION: This furnace comprises a saturated steam generator, a superheated steam generator which heats the saturated steam to unsaturated steam, and a superheated steam kiln having a carbonization reaction room where an object to be carbonized is heated by the superheated steam, and in the carbonization reaction room, a vent pipe in which the heated steam is flown are uniformly laid out and ejecting nozzles of the superheated steam are attached in a row to the vent pipe, and, in the superheated steam kiln, a transfer unit is installed to bring in and carry out the object to be carbonized.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heating steam-using carbonization furnace used for carbonizing woody materials such as wood and other materials to be carbonized by heating steam.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The most typical charcoal kiln as a carbonization furnace is one in which a kiln wall and a ceiling are built on a kiln bottom with good drainage, and the interior is used as a carbonization chamber. A heating chamber is provided near the kiln mouth. , A flue and a chimney are provided on the opposite side. And when making charcoal,
Combustion materials such as wood are burned in the heating chamber to dry wood as the material to be carbonized that has been placed in the carbonization chamber, and after the drying progresses and it ignites, the kiln mouth is sealed and only the ventilation opening is left,
Continue heating the wood by burning some of the wood and bark.

[0003] Carbonization is a solid residue that remains after the substance to be carbonized is heated and decomposed in this way, and a furnace is industrially constructed in almost the same manner, and carbonization is performed by other heating means such as fossil fuel or electric heat. Is performed.

[0004]

The use of carbide is not only used as fuel for cooking, heating, drying, etc. in various industries such as home, business, industry and agriculture, but also for cosmetics, abrasives, paints, etc. Processed and also carbon disulfide,
It is used for the production of sodium cyanide, sodium sulfide, etc., and is also widely used as an activated carbon for industrial purposes.

In addition to the above, the carbon content generally important for these uses is that the carbon content is high, but this mainly depends on the drying conditions and thermal decomposition conditions (heating temperature and its rising rate). , 80% for dry-distilled coal with a low carbonization temperature and short carbonization time in an electric kiln, etc.
%, 90% to 95% for white charcoal in which charcoal that glows at a carbonization temperature of about 1,000 ° C. is put out and digested with erased ash.

Among the conventional carbonization furnaces as described above, it takes 2-3 days for a charcoal kiln and 24 to 36 hours for an electric heating kiln, resulting in poor productivity and use of carbide. There was a problem that the amount of tars that interfered was excessively large, and the useful liquid smoke was small.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances.
An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization furnace using heated steam that has a high carbon content, a low tar content, and a large amount of smoked liquid even though the carbonization time is short.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a saturated steam generator, a superheated steam generator for heating the steam to an unsaturated state, and an object to be heated with heated steam. And a heating steam kiln having a carbonization reaction chamber, and in the carbonization reaction chamber, a ventilation pipe for passing the heating steam is evenly installed, and a nozzle for heating the steam is arranged and attached to the ventilation pipe. Is
A carbonization furnace using heated steam is provided, which is provided with a transfer device for loading and unloading the object to be carbonized.

[0009]

[Function] The temperature of the heated steam is relatively free to set, and high-temperature heated steam set according to the material to be carbonized can be obtained. When applied, it is heated to a high temperature and carbonized in an atmosphere in which oxygen is blocked. In the wood-based carbonization reaction, the composition of hemicellulose is 10
The reaction proceeds at 0-300 ° C., 240-400 ° C. for cellulose and 230-550 ° C. for lignin to complete carbonization. Further, in the carbonization reaction, since the thermal decomposition reaction and the hydrolysis reaction proceed in parallel, the reaction proceeds faster than the conventional thermal decomposition method.

In addition to the above structure, in the heating steam kiln, if a preheating chamber for heating the material to be carbonized is provided in front of the carbonization reaction chamber and the peripheral wall is lined with ceramics capable of radiant heat of infrared rays, the carbonization rate is further increased. , The carbon rate becomes high. If a cooling chamber is provided later, the cooled carbide is naturally dried by residual heat when discharged outside.

In addition, in the superheated steam generator, if a heater by electromagnetic induction and a heater by a nichrome wire are attached to the heat transfer pipe connected to the air supply pipe from the steam generator, The heating temperature can be adjusted easily.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, a conveying device 5
Regarding the above, as well as a rail system using the carriage 8 or a suspension car, a conveyor system using a belt or rolling rolls can be adopted.

As for the steam generator 1, in addition to a boiler system in which water is directly boiled by fuel such as heavy oil or electric heat, a heat storage system in which steam is generated by heat stored in advance, and a combination system thereof is used. Can be taken. Further, according to the heat storage method, it is possible to easily obtain a necessary amount of heated steam when necessary, and it is possible to use inexpensive late-night power.
As the heat storage material, for example, a solid containing magnesia, silica, or the like as a main component, a substance such as sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, or potassium nitrate that melts at a high temperature to become a liquid, or a mixture thereof can be used.

In the heating steam kiln 3, shutters 11 and 1 constituting a preheating chamber 15, a carbonization reaction chamber 16 and a cooling chamber 17 are provided.
The doors 2, 13 and 14 may be air curtains instead of the door type.

[0015]

As described above, according to the carbonization furnace using the heated steam of the present invention, the carbonization can be quickly carried out by the thermal decomposition reaction and the hydrolysis reaction, and the oxygen is blocked. Since it is carried out in the atmosphere, it is possible to produce a high-quality carbide having a high carbon rate and a low tar content, and moreover, since continuous operation is possible, productivity can be increased and useful smoke It has excellent effects such as large amounts.

If a preheating chamber is provided and a ceramic lining is provided, the carbonization rate is further increased and the carbon content is increased. Further, if a cooling chamber is provided later, the productivity is further improved (claim 2).

Further, when the heater by electromagnetic induction and the heater by nichrome wire are attached to the heat transfer tube, the heating temperature of the heated steam can be easily adjusted and the operation can be easily performed according to the material of the carbide ( Claim 3).

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show one embodiment. The carbonization furnace using the heated steam includes a steam generator 1 using a boiler and a superheated steam generator 2 using electricity.
And a heating steam kiln 3 with a transfer device 5 and the like.

The superheated steam generator 2 sets the temperature of the steam supplied from the steam generator 1 through the pipe 4 freely to about 1,000 ° C. by the heater 6a by electromagnetic induction and the heater 6b by the nichrome wire. Be heated.

The heating steam kiln 3 is a metal cylinder having a horizontally long cylindrical shape, in which a rail 9 for carrying a cart 8 for the article to be carbonized 7 is provided through, and the shutter 1 is sequentially opened.
By providing 1, 12, 13, and 14, the preheating chamber 1
5. A carbonization reaction chamber 16 and a cooling chamber 17 are provided. In the carbonization reaction chamber 16, ceramics 19 are lined with tiles, and the superheated steam vent pipes 21, 21, ...
And each of the ventilation pipes 21 is provided with an injection nozzle 23, 23,
.. are arranged.

Further, in the cooling chamber 17, water passage pipes 24, 2
4, ... are piped and fountain nozzles 26, 26 ,.
・ Is attached.

An example of using the above carbonization furnace will be described below.

About 100 kg of wood as the material to be carbonized 7 is piled up vertically on the trolley 8 and the rail 9 is used to preheat the chamber 15.
60 minutes, carbonization reaction chamber 16 120 minutes, cooling chamber 17 6 minutes
0 to 90 minutes, respectively, and the shutters 11, 12, 13, and 14 are closed during the retention, and the carbonization reaction chamber 1
In No. 6, heated steam of about 800 ° C. was uniformly applied from the injection nozzles 23, 23, ... The carbide 7 discharged from the cooling chamber 17 was left as it was and naturally dried.

The carbide 7a thus obtained had a carbon ratio of 95% in terms of C / H ratio, and a good quality carbide 7a was obtained. The by-product tar content was small, and a large amount of smoke was discharged. It was also found that carbides can be obtained from other organic substances such as plastics and kitchen wastes in the kitchen, in addition to wood.

FIG. 3 shows a case where the steam generator 1 uses a heat storage material. The tank 26 is filled with the solid and liquid heat storage material 28 mixed therein, and the electric heater 30 is filled therein. A heat transfer tube 32 that internally generates steam is disposed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an entire carbonization furnace using heated steam according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a carbonization reaction chamber as a main part of the carbonization furnace.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram when a steam generator in a carbonization furnace using heated steam is a heat storage system.

[Explanation of symbols]

P Carbonization furnace with heated steam 1 Steam generator 2 Superheated steam generator 3 heating steam kiln 4 Air pipe 5 Conveyor 6a Electromagnetic induction heater 6b Nichrome wire heater 7 Carbide 7a Carbide 10 heat transfer tubes 15 Preheating room 16 Carbonization reaction chamber 17 Cooling chamber 19 Ceramics 21 Vent pipe 23 Injection nozzle Reference number P-2061

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A saturated steam generator, a superheated steam generator for heating the steam to an unsaturated state, and a heating steam kiln having a carbonization reaction chamber for heating an object to be carbonized with heated steam, in a carbonization reaction chamber. , The ventilation pipes for passing the heated steam are evenly arranged, and the injection nozzles for the heated steam are arranged and attached to the ventilation pipes. Further, in the heating steam kiln, a carrying device for loading and unloading the material to be carbonized is provided. A carbonization furnace using heated steam. 2. In a heating steam kiln, a preheating chamber for heating an object to be carbonized is provided before the carbonization reaction chamber, and a cooling chamber is provided after that.
The carbonization furnace with heated steam according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbonization reaction chamber is lined with ceramics on the peripheral wall. 3. A superheated steam generator, wherein a heater by electromagnetic induction and a heater by nichrome wire are attached to a heat transfer pipe connected to an air supply pipe from the steam generator. A carbonization furnace using the heated steam described in 2.