JP2002227324A - Sick house syndrome prevention method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ecological building preventing generation of a toxic volatile substance, excessive water and the like from construction material or furniture in a house due to confinement of the house and material and structure of construction for the confined house. SOLUTION: For increasing airpermeability inside the house, ventilation pipes passing from under the floor to the backside of a ceiling are arranged vertically at least on both sides and in the center of a room, and in an attic, on the backside of a first floor ceiling, and under the floor, spaces allowing horizontal ventilation are arranged communicably with the ventilation pipes. In the attic or a veranda, an outside air feeding port having an air cleaner and an air discharging port are arranged. A natural material such as wall clay including a straw material is used as an interior finishing material, an activated carbon such as bamboo charcoal is stored in a clearance, and a non- solvent material is used for interior finishing.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The construction method of a factory production method using a new building material mainly composed of a synthetic resin or the like has been widespread as a construction method having advantages such as shortening of construction period and reduction of construction cost. Buildings using new building materials have a compact structure with high airtightness and high heat insulation, so harmful gases volatilized from building materials, interior materials, etc. The room is kept at almost the same temperature throughout the year due to the high concentration of formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, etc. in the room due to the combustion gas etc. caused by heating, and the high concentration of moisture generated in the room, and the air conditioning equipment. Since the so-called "sick house syndrome" is also caused by small animals caused by the occurrence of harmful substances, prevention and removal of harmful components have emerged as an important issue. That, however, the present invention is a house of building materials,
It belongs to the technical field of ecological construction for controlling harmful volatile substances and excessive moisture generated due to the narrowing of furnishings or houses and the accompanying building materials and structures.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Ecology architecture has a structure that is adapted to the climate. In Japan, a structure that has long endured the environment of high temperature and humidity and is often attacked by typhoons. Mainly, pillars are built mainly of domestic timber, the surroundings are covered with relatively thick earth walls, and the yard has a porch, a shoji, a shutter, a tatami sill, a high tiled roof, and a garden with garden trees. In the configuration to be arranged, it has been considered cool in the summer and warm in the winter, but in recent years the concrete high-rise building irrelevant to the climate climate or the two-by-four building of a high airtight structure used in foreign countries with low temperature and low humidity, Steel prefabricated houses were introduced as a method to solve the narrow living area of the urban area where the population was excessively concentrated, but the raw materials of natural building materials that can be used in these buildings are decreasing, Petroleum-based synthetic resin of the building materials to supplement les, supposed to painting materials such as are used in mass produced, and is one of the causes that lead to so-called "sick building syndrome".

[0003] Recent houses use synthetic building materials instead of natural materials, and because of the reduction of construction work and construction costs,
The construction of high-rise apartment buildings and prefabricated houses by factory production has become the mainstream, but these buildings have a high airtightness, high insulation structure, and air conditioning equipment to make narrow living spaces comfortable. Many things are indispensable.

[0004] However, as described above, due to the narrowing of houses and the construction of fire-resistant structures, old wooden, raised-floor, and mud-walled houses adapted to the climate climate of Japan have been replaced.
High-rise apartment buildings with reinforced concrete have increased, and wooden two-by-four systems have high airtightness with aluminum sash, extremely low ventilation, little indoor humidity control, and plywood. Due to the floor and vinyl wall materials used, we will be forced to live in a closed room filled with harmful substances, and trace amounts of formalin and hydrocarbon-based volatile substances contained in new building materials, adhesives or coating materials, etc. Harmful gases, organophosphorus substances, termite repellents, tatami insect repellents, as well as combustion waste gas and a large amount of moisture generated from kitchens and heating equipment, etc. Since the material does not have a humidity control function, the humidity tends to stay high, and mold, small animals such as mites are likely to occur,
The phenomena of `` sick house syndrome '' or `` environmental hormones '' that upset the reproductive function due to these changes in the housing environment that cause upsets in the human body are remarkable, and it is said that atopic or asthmatic patients are increasing, Partially the use of volatile adsorbents or the introduction of ventilators has been achieved, but has yet to achieve a healthy environment.

[0005]

The primary industrial population, which once accounted for 75%, is now 10% due to changes in the industrial structure.
%, And the depopulation of rural or fishing villages, while the tertiary industrial population is rapidly increasing, causing the urban population to become overly dense and extremely unevenly distributed. As a result, the building area of the urban area has become extremely narrow, and high-rise apartment buildings are growing more than single-family homes. All have to take high airtight, high heat insulation structure, and because the house is close, the window is small, the window frame is mainly made of aluminum sash, the ventilation is extremely poor, As described above, organic volatile substances generated from new building materials or furniture used in these houses and poor emission of combustion gas from kitchens and heating, and nutrition due to changes in eating habits and family environment. The balance is lost and it is difficult for stress in the home to be relieved, resulting in a health problem. Being troubled, it cannot be solved simply by remodeling of the land or the conventional method of housing, and securing a healthy living environment under social change has become an important issue. .

[0006] In the current architecture, economics is more important than livability, and the housing area per house is narrower, the occupancy rate is higher, the space is smaller, and the space between adjacent buildings is narrower. Doors and windows are small and few due to the need for sound insulation, and indoors have high heat insulation and high airtight structure to maintain a nearly constant temperature throughout the year. As a pool-like structure, the structure that shuts off the outside air reduces the intrusion of moisture into the underfloor part, and at the same time reduces the circulation of air. The interior is apt to have high humidity, there is little ventilation with the outside air, and there is almost no exposed wood surface where the humidity can be adjusted. When exposed to high temperatures and humidity, small animals such as molds, mites, and termites are more likely to occur, and harmful volatile components are generated by imported wood or synthetic resin-based interior materials and paints. It is thought that the phenomenon of "sick house syndrome" is caused by a small amount of air circulation and little introduction of outside air, and causes bronchial or skin diseases.

[0007]

[Means to solve the problem] As mentioned above, domestic building materials have been depleted, imported materials and new building materials have become the mainstream, and Japan's climate has been reduced due to the shortened construction period and reduced building costs. Instead of traditional construction methods that are suitable for the climate,
Tended to build a site full of residence to the ordinary about 100m ² of land, ensuring the broadest possible residential area in a narrow land to narrowing of the construction area due to the shortage of residential land, on the one hand, to comfort the living environment Inevitably, in the case of a single-family new construction, both the wooden frame method and the steel frame prefabrication method are forced to take a high airtight and high heat insulation structure,
Wooden stilts, mud-walls, tatami mats, and other structures that are considered to be suitable for Japan's ancient climate cannot be expected, especially because the site of the urban area is narrow, and the doors and windows are large. ,
At most, since the surrounding air is polluted, the natural ventilation system is difficult to implement, and it is becoming difficult to immediately implement these construction systems.

When a new prefabricated house is to be constructed or an existing house is to be renovated by compromising the environment, resources and habitability and economy, forced ventilation of the entire house may occur, causing harmful volatile substances to be generated. By replacing new building materials with natural materials as much as possible and introducing purified outside air in a timely manner, it will be possible to reduce the degree of indoor air pollution.

As described above, it is difficult to immediately remodel a building having a narrow building area with a high airtightness and a high heat insulation structure so as to conform to the climate of Japan. "Sick house syndrome"
In order to remodel as much as possible, peel off the vinyl cloth and other wall materials used as new building materials, remove the hollow wall space and leave only the pillars made of natural materials, Is to store the amount of activated carbon in proportion to the living space in a basket-shaped, bag-shaped or frame-shaped air-permeable container and fill it to suppress the generation of harmful volatile substances and adsorb and remove the excess water generated. This makes it possible to suppress the inhabitation of harmful small animals such as mites.

On both sides filled with activated carbon, a frame is made of bamboo and other natural materials, a wallpaper material containing no organic volatile substances is stretched over, a metal lath is stretched, and a wall soil filled with straw is applied by a conventional method. Finishing coating such as plaster or plaster wall material is used to form the wall surface.

[0011] The remaining harmful volatile substances or combustion gas newly generated in the room or excess moisture is adsorbed and removed by the activated carbon arranged in the wall space. It is provided and removes harmful substances and moisture adsorbed on the activated carbon surface by blowing air as appropriate, or maintains a living space free from healthy "sick house syndrome" for a long time by replacing activated carbon be able to.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In order to increase air permeability inside a house,
Ventilation pipes penetrating from under the floor to the attic are provided at least on both sides and in the center of the room in the vertical direction. The veranda is provided with an outside air inlet and outlet with an air purifier, and if possible, a blower of a program control system is installed near the attic and near the floor, and the air volume and the ventilation volume are set in advance, Purifies air containing excess water generated indoors and containing harmful volatile substances to prevent the generation of mold and therefore harmful small animals, and to reduce the "sick house syndrome" contained in interior materials etc. It is possible to maintain a healthy environment by removing the volatile substances that cause these substances over a long period of time.

[0013] The ceiling, walls and floor using the new building materials inside the house, especially the part consisting of the interior material consisting of wallpaper, flooring and printed plywood are removed, and if possible, natural wood pillars having exposed wood grain are installed and released. The concrete part is covered with natural wood of at least 10 mm or more, and the earth wall using bamboo is painted, and the surface is finished in a plaster or jutting wall shape.
Tatami using natural rushes and straws, which do not use insect repellents, is incorporated into the room as much as possible to reduce the concentration of harmful volatiles and to prevent indoor condensation.

Activated carbon made of small lumps is placed in a basket-shaped, bag-shaped or frame-shaped container mainly made of natural material, placed above the ceiling, between pillars, or under the floor in a place with good ventilation, and air is blown forward or backward by a blower. Direction, change the wind direction according to the schedule set in advance, and take out and activate activated carbon at regular intervals, and continue adsorption to maintain the low humidity and low concentration of harmful volatile substances for a long time. Can be maintained.

Particularly in a house having a high airtight structure, a board made of a breathable natural material containing activated carbon is used to circulate the polluted or humidified air that stays indoors and remove harmful components. In the meantime, the construction in the space above the ceiling can promote removal of harmful organic substances and excess moisture.

When a fluorescent lamp or the like is installed on the ceiling of the first floor directly below the room on the second floor, it is necessary to prevent relatively high frequency electromagnetic waves generated from the fluorescent lamp from passing through the ceiling from being transmitted to the second floor. By installing a mat made of activated carbon having the smallest possible particle size for blocking, particularly weak infants can be protected from leukemia and other diseases affecting genes.

A board made of a natural material, for example, a board made by heating and press-molding bamboo or wood chips with lignin on both sides filled with activated charcoal, and applying a powder of charcoal on the board with a natural paste such as a blower. In addition, by applying natural materials such as diatomaceous earth, plaster, and volcanic ash with natural glue, the inside of the wall, the wall material, and the interior material can be united to exert a humidity control and deodorizing effect, thereby providing a healthy living space. .

Although there is a technique using a polyamide or nylon resin as an adhesive for the interior material, considering the effects of solvents, it is considered that a water-soluble natural paste or a polyvinyl resin does not impair health more. Therefore, a natural glue such as sushi or a water-soluble polyvinyl resin is used as the adhesive.

In the case of a house that has been old for a long time, when the foundation is in a highly humid state, the floor is turned over, and the base and the lower part of the house are subjected to antiseptic and termite treatment using hiba oil and bamboo vinegar. Activated carbon has different functions and effects depending on the calcination temperature. Therefore, bamboo charcoal emits abundantly those that have a high hygroscopicity when baked at a low temperature of 800 ° C or lower and those that are baked at a high temperature of 1000 ° C It shall be used by mixing with white charcoal, especially when used as a coating material, this is finely pulverized to the order of microns and subbed with natural glue, and further mixed with activated charcoal in the rushed tatami mat,
It is impregnated with bamboo vinegar and treated with insect repellent before use.

[0020]

[Example] New wooden house (floor area: 1st floor) with specifications shown in Table 1
53.82 m ² , second floor 43.88 m ² , total floor area 97.
70m ² ), the phenomenon of sick house syndrome was observed, so the interior materials, which are considered to be the causes of the floor, wall and ceiling, were removed and repaired.

[Table 1]

For the floor of the first floor, remove all compound panels and replace them with natural cypress boards, lay 30 kg of activated carbon per tsubo, and increase ventilation at the rising part of the foundation to improve air permeability. However, the moisture can be reduced in combination with the action of the adsorbent.

As for the wall portion, the wall of the Japanese-style room on the first floor was removed, activated charcoal sealed in a cloth bag was installed in the wall space, a permeable plaster board was put on, and powdered bamboo charcoal was put on it using a natural furrow. Undercoat, overcoat diatomaceous earth with natural glue, remove the closet plywood, replace it with plasterboard containing diatomaceous earth, lay activated carbon in a cloth bag in the wall space, and use powder bamboo charcoal on the plasterboard. Undercoat, diatomaceous earth is overcoated with natural glue, and a part of perforated board lid is provided to provide ventilation, and air is vented from under the floor through the ventilation pipe with inverted ventilation fan to the ceiling on the first floor. Then, the tatami mats were replaced with tatami mats containing activated carbon not containing a synthetic insect repellent.

In kitchens and LDs, the plywood on the walls and ceiling is removed, activated carbon is placed inside the walls and behind the ceiling, a moisture-permeable plaster board is placed, and powdered bamboo charcoal is primed on the surface with a glue made of a natural material. Diatomaceous earth was overcoated with natural glue.

The plywood on the walls and ceiling of the washroom is removed,
Activated carbon is placed inside the wall, plaster board is covered,
Powder bamboo charcoal was primed with natural glue, and then plaster made of only natural materials was overcoated.

For the walls and ceilings of halls and stairs,
In each case, remove the plywood, place activated carbon between the walls and behind the ceiling, replace it with a breathable plaster board, undercoat with powdered bamboo charcoal, overcoat with diatomaceous earth, and on the second floor of the Western room, closet and corridor After removing the interior members, each was made into a plaster board, undercoated with powdered bamboo charcoal, and overcoated with diatomaceous earth.

For houses that have passed a considerable period after construction,
In addition, harmful organic substances may be generated, but in this case, it is possible to remodel in substantially the same manner as above,
In the case of high-rise apartments, it is difficult to install air ducts between the walls or behind the ceiling.However, it is possible to remove and replace new building materials on the walls, ceiling and floor surface. By installing an air purifying device capable of dehumidifying or adsorbing and removing volatile substances, sick house syndrome can be similarly prevented.

[0027]

[Effect of the Invention] bed components over de panel, plywood flooring <br/> grayed, wall and ceiling plywood using synthetic glue, a variety of volatile organic compounds found to be caused by the vinyl cloth or the like containing a plasticizer It has the characteristic that most can be eliminated and harmful volatile substances can be almost eliminated by installing interior materials mainly based on natural materials instead.

By arranging a large amount of activated carbon in the conventional fabric base structure, providing a ventilation pipe, and increasing the number of ventilation holes, the moisture under the floor can be reduced, and the occurrence of mites or termites can be almost eliminated. It also has the feature.

[0029] Compared to before the renovation, the atopic symptoms became lighter,
The eyes will no longer flicker, and the treatment of healthy homes with significantly improved living conditions can be done in a relatively short period of time and at low cost, not only for new housing but also for existing single-family homes or high-rise apartments. It has the feature that it can be converted into a healthy house.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a floor plan of the first floor of a wooden two-story house subject to renovation work.

FIG. 2 shows a floor plan of the second floor of a wooden two-story house targeted for renovation work.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Japanese-style room 2 Closet 3 Kitchen 4 LD 5 Washroom 6, 6 ', 6 "Western-style room 7 Closet

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method for preventing sick house syndrome, comprising using an interior material mainly composed of a natural material, storing activated carbon in a void portion, and performing interior treatment with a material not using a solvent. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is bamboo charcoal. 3. The method for preventing sick house syndrome according to claim 1, wherein the interior material that does not use a solvent is a wall soil that may contain a straw material.