JP2002202510A - Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique of obtaining a liquid crystal display device having a good yield and decreased alignment defects relating to a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device. SOLUTION: An alignment regulating member 108 consisting of main portions 108a and branch portions 108b is formed between a sealing material 112 and liquid crystals 114 of the liquid crystal display device, by which not only the mechanical strength is increased but liquid crystal molecules may be uniformly arrayed. A good black level can be obtained when voltage is not impressed thereto. Contrast is therefore improved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technology for improving the productivity of a semiconductor device, and more particularly to a display device having a circuit constituted by a thin film transistor (TFT) and a method of manufacturing the same. For example, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and an electronic device equipped with the liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, TFTs have been developed using semiconductor films (thicknesses of several to several hundred nm) formed on a substrate having an insulating surface.
The technology that constitutes is attracting attention. TFTs are widely applied to electronic devices such as integrated circuits (ICs) and electro-optical devices, and their development is particularly urgent as switching elements for liquid crystal display devices and the like.

[0003] Liquid crystal display devices are widely used as portable devices such as notebook personal computers in the business aspect, and also as monitors for personal computers and flat-screen televisions at home, as light and thin display devices having advantages of low power consumption. I have. In recent years, CRTs, which have been active as display devices, are steadily being replaced.

In general, a display device is a means for converting an electric signal back into an optical signal and reconstructing it into an image or the like so that information such as an image which has been converted and transferred to an electric signal can be visually recognized. It is. Many such display devices have been devised so far, and a liquid crystal display device is one of them.

[0005] The liquid crystal display device has a mechanism capable of controlling the transmission and non-transmission of light emitted from a light source as an electric shutter or valve by utilizing the electrical and optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal. This enables visualization of an electric image signal applied to a display device.

[0006] In order to visualize the electric signal applied to the liquid crystal, the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal must be effectively utilized.
Liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a predetermined state in a liquid crystal display panel (liquid crystal panel). The method of applying an electric signal and the orientation of liquid crystal molecules are closely related, and several methods have been proposed so far. Generally, these operation modes are collectively called an operation mode. A typical example of the proposed operation mode uses a nematic liquid crystal, and is a twisted nematic (TN).
matic) mode, vertical alignment (VA; Vertical Alignment)
t) mode, in-plane switching (IPS)
g) In modes that use a smectic liquid crystal such as a ferroelectric liquid crystal or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, a surface stabilized type ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC; Surface Stabilized-Ferro) is used.
Electric liquid crystal (TS) modes and tri-state switching (TSS) modes are known and widely used.

In any of the liquid crystal display devices using these operation modes, the in-plane uniformity of the transmission characteristic of the liquid crystal display panel (liquid crystal panel) with respect to the applied voltage is intended to realize and maintain the uniformity of the image quality. In order to improve the uniformity of the response characteristics of the liquid crystal to the applied voltage in the entire liquid crystal display device, the distance between the pair of substrates can be maintained uniform. When a smectic liquid crystal typified by a thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal or a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal is applied to a display device, a very narrow cell gap (1-2 μm) is essential.

In order to realize this, a liquid crystal display device is combined with a polarizing plate, a backlight, and the like as necessary, and an integrated unit is used in a display unit.

FIG. 13 shows a top view of a conventional liquid crystal display device and a cross-sectional view taken along a dotted line AA 'in the top view.
The liquid crystal 1014 is formed on a substrate 1 in which one of the pair is transparent.
000 and the substrate 2001 are held at a constant interval of about 10 μm or less, and the liquid crystal 1014 is sandwiched between them. Further, a pixel electrode 1007 made of a conductive thin film is formed on the surface of the substrate 1000 and a counter electrode 1006 made of a conductive thin film is formed on the surface of the substrate 2001 in order to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal 1014 on the pair of substrates. . A substrate provided with the display pixel portion 1003, the peripheral driver circuit 1004, and the external lead-out wiring portion 1005 on the substrate 1000 is referred to as an active matrix substrate 1001. The display pixel portion is also simply referred to as a pixel portion. Peripheral drive circuit 100
4 is a general term for the gate wiring side driving circuit 1004a and the source wiring side driving circuit 1004b. A plurality of gate lines (not shown) are formed in the display pixel portion 1003 in the X-axis direction from the gate line side driving circuit 1004a.
On the other hand, a plurality of source wirings (not shown) from the source wiring side driving circuit 1004b in the Y-axis direction
03 is formed. An interlayer insulating film (not shown) is provided between the gate wiring and the source wiring. Further, an alignment film 1010 and an alignment film 1011 are formed over the substrate 1000 and the substrate 2001, respectively.

Further, the active matrix substrate 100
In order to make the distance between the substrate 1 and the counter substrate 1002 uniform, a large number of spacers 1009 having a uniform size are provided on the substrate in order to oppose a force in a direction to reduce the distance between the substrates. It is a general method to fix the substrates with a sealant 1012 so that the substrates do not separate from each other. As the sealing material, a resin such as a thermosetting epoxy resin, a UV resin which is cured by ultraviolet rays, or the like is used. However, the sealing material uses an insulating material.

An active matrix substrate 1001
In order to adhere the counter substrate 1002, a sealant 1012 is formed along the peripheral portion (outer peripheral portion) of the region where the pair of substrates overlap with each other and at least surrounding the display pixel portion 1003. The sealing material 1012 is made of an adhesive. Generally, the line width of the pattern of the sealing material 1012 is made constant, and the line width is set to about 1 mm to 4 mm. The sealant 1012 has a function of sealing the liquid crystal so as not to leak out of the panel other than bonding.

Next, the injection port 10 is formed by a vacuum injection method or the like.
Liquid crystal is injected from 13 to fill the display device with the liquid crystal. After the liquid crystal is completely filled in the liquid crystal display device, the injection port is closed with an ultraviolet curable resin 1015 or the like so that the liquid crystal does not leak from the injection port 1013.

As described above, it can be said that the liquid crystal constituting the liquid crystal display device mainly comes into contact with the alignment film and the sealing material.

[0014]

However, it is not enough to exert a regulating force to the bulk of the liquid crystal only by the orientation regulating force of the alignment film, and it is difficult to perform uniform orientation. For this reason, no black display was obtained when no voltage was applied, and the improvement in contrast was stopped. In particular, in the case of a smectic liquid crystal such as a ferroelectric liquid crystal or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal,
Since the viscosity of the liquid crystal at room temperature is considerably higher than that of the nematic liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal has very poor fluidity, if the alignment of the liquid crystal is partially disturbed, the orientation of the part remains disturbed. When the region where the orientation is disturbed spreads over the region of the display pixel portion, the contrast is significantly reduced at that portion.

On the other hand, the liquid crystal in the vicinity of the sealing material receives the regulating force of the sealing material rather than the regulating force of the alignment film. In some cases, even in the display pixel portion, the regulating force of the sealing material may be stronger than the regulating force of the alignment film.

In addition, a smectic liquid crystal typified by a ferroelectric liquid crystal and an antiferroelectric liquid crystal requires a very narrow cell gap (1-2 μm). Cell gap of 1-2
When it is used at about μm, unnecessary exudation of the seal material like a beard spreads from the side of the pattern which should be originally. In severe cases, there was a defect that the unnecessary sealing material spread to the display pixel portion.

Regarding this problem, a substantially spherical material having an average particle size of about 3 μm to 4 μm is mixed with the resin material (hereinafter, this material is referred to as a filler) to increase the apparent viscosity, thereby increasing the viscosity during panel heating. Although a method of preventing a decrease in viscosity has been adopted, when a gap (substrate interval) must be made thinner, a contradiction arises that the gap cannot be made thinner due to the filler. Although it is sufficient to use a sealing material containing a filler having a small average particle size, a sealing material containing a filler having an average particle size of 3 μm or less has not yet been completed.

An object of the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, is to provide a technique for obtaining a liquid crystal display device having a good yield and few alignment defects with respect to a liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0019]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device having an alignment regulating material consisting of a main part and a branch inside a placed seal material. The alignment controlling material is a material including a main portion formed along the inside of the sealing material and a branch portion substantially coincident with the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules to be aligned. However, the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules to be aligned and the longitudinal direction of the branch portion may be shifted as long as it is within ± 5 °. The major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules to be aligned may coincide with the direction of the alignment treatment. In the branch portion, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in parallel with the wall by the alignment regulating force of the wall, and the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule to be aligned and the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule are aligned in the same direction. In orientation control materials,
The part in contact with the liquid crystal is called the wall. If the branch of the alignment controlling material of the present invention is shifted within the above range, the effect of improving contrast is more than expected. Furthermore, if a spacer is provided inside the alignment regulating material such that the longitudinal direction of the branch portion of the alignment regulating material coincides with the longitudinal direction of the spacer, the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules can be promoted in the desired direction. it can. On the other hand, the main part of the alignment controlling material of the present invention prevents the sealing material from being mixed into the liquid crystal due to the deterioration of the sealing material, and has a role of not only increasing the mechanical strength but also reducing the amount of liquid crystal used. ing.

In order to achieve the above object, a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a sealing material provided between the pair of substrates. A liquid crystal, comprising: an alignment control material including a main portion formed along the inside of the material and a branch portion protruding from the main portion, wherein liquid crystal is filled inside the alignment control material. A display device.

In order to achieve such an object, a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a sealing material provided between the pair of substrates. An alignment controlling material is formed inside a region where the sealing material is formed so as to be in contact with the sealing material, and a liquid crystal is filled inside the alignment controlling material. The alignment controlling material includes a main part and a branch part. A liquid crystal display device comprising:

In each of the above structures, the angle θ between the main part and the branch part of the alignment regulating material is 0.1 ° to 179.9 °.
Preferably, the liquid crystal display device is in a range of 40 ° to 140 °.

Further, in each of the above structures, the width of the branch portion is in a range of 2 to 20 μm.

In each of the above structures, the distance between one side closest to the main portion and the main portion among the four sides of the end surface of the branch portion is in the range of 5 to 15 mm. It is.

In each of the above structures, a spacer for keeping a constant distance between the pair of substrates is formed, and a longitudinal direction of a branch of the alignment regulating material is the same as a longitudinal direction of the spacer. Is a liquid crystal display device.

In each of the above structures, the liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the longitudinal direction of the branch of the alignment regulating material is the same as the direction of the alignment treatment.

Further, in the above structure, the longitudinal direction of the spacer is the same as the direction of the alignment treatment.

Further, in the above structure, at least one of the substrates is provided with an electrode having a concave portion, and the longitudinal direction of the concave portion is the same as the longitudinal direction of the branch portion of the alignment regulating material. Liquid crystal display device.

In the above structure, at least one of the substrates is provided with an electrode having a concave portion, and the longitudinal direction of the concave portion is the same as the longitudinal direction of the branch portion of the spacer. A display device.

In each of the above structures, the recess is
A liquid crystal display device formed in the same direction as the second wiring. As a result, it is possible to prevent the step and the recess from intersecting.

In each of the above structures, the liquid crystal is
A liquid crystal display device characterized by being an antiferroelectric liquid crystal. When an antiferroelectric liquid crystal is applied to a display device, a shift angle may occur. However, the use of the alignment regulating material of the present invention has an unexpected effect on improving the contrast.

Further, in each of the above structures, the liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the alignment regulating material is mainly composed of an acrylic resin.

In each of the above structures, the liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the alignment regulating material is mainly composed of an epoxy resin.

[0034]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the shape of the alignment regulating material of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a concave portion on the surface of the pixel electrode of the present invention. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the counter substrate of the present invention, and FIGS. 4B and 4C are enlarged views of the surface of the counter electrode on the counter substrate. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the directions of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment. FIG.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment. 9 to 12 are diagrams illustrating examples of the electronic device according to the invention.

[Embodiment 1] A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. An active matrix substrate 101 and a counter substrate 102 are used to manufacture the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. The active matrix substrate 101 includes a display pixel portion 103, a gate wiring side driving circuit 104a, and a source wiring side driving circuit 104 on an insulating and transparent substrate 100 such as glass or quartz.
This is a substrate on which a peripheral drive circuit 104 made of “b” and an external lead-out wiring section 105 are formed. The display pixel unit 1
03 includes a pixel TFT (including at least a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode), a storage capacitor, a gate wiring, a source wiring, a drain wiring, an interlayer insulating film, and the like. do not do. Peripheral drive circuit 1
04 is a general term for the gate wiring side driving circuit 104a and the source wiring side driving circuit 104b. A plurality of gate lines are formed in the display pixel portion 103 in the X-axis direction from the gate line side driving circuit 104a. On the other hand, a plurality of gate lines are formed in the display pixel portion 103 in the Y-axis direction from the source line side drive circuit 104b. The display pixel unit 103 includes:
In order to prevent a short circuit, an interlayer insulating film is formed on a gate wiring, and a source wiring is formed on the interlayer insulating film. In this specification, a gate wiring is referred to as a first wiring, and a source wiring is referred to as a second wiring, in the order of proximity to the substrate.

The opposing substrate 102 is a substrate provided so as to face the active matrix substrate 101.
As shown in (a), the counter electrode 106 and the light shielding film 4 are formed on an insulating and transparent substrate 200 such as glass or quartz.
02, a colored layer 403 composed of a colored layer 403a having a red pattern, a colored layer 403b having a green pattern, and a colored layer 403c having a blue pattern;
04 and the like are shown.

A transparent conductive film (film thickness: 110 nm) is formed on the entire surface of the active matrix substrate 101, and a pixel electrode 107 is formed in the display pixel portion 103 by patterning using a photomask. The material of the transparent conductive film is indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ) or an indium oxide tin oxide alloy (I
The pixel electrode 107 can be formed by a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, or the like using n ₂ O ₃ —SnO ₂ ; ITO film) or the like. Etching of such a material is performed using a hydrochloric acid-based solution. However, particularly in the etching of the ITO film, residues are easily generated. Therefore, in order to improve the etching processability, an indium oxide-zinc oxide alloy (In ₂ O ₃ —ZnO) is used.
May be used. Since the indium oxide zinc oxide alloy has excellent surface smoothness and excellent thermal stability to the ITO film, it is possible to prevent the Al film from contacting the pixel electrode and causing a corrosion reaction at the end surface of the drain wiring. . Similarly, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a suitable material, and zinc oxide (ZnO: Ga) to which gallium (Ga) is added in order to increase the transmittance and conductivity of visible light can be used.

Next, the alignment regulating material 108 and the spacer 10
9 is patterned into a predetermined shape by photolithography.

The alignment regulating material 108 is composed of the main portion 108a and the branch 1
08b. As shown in FIG.
8a is a later step, and inside the region where the sealing material is formed between the substrates, the branch portion 108b is formed using a photomask whose longitudinal direction is the same as the rubbing direction performed in the later step. do it. Specifically, the width of the main portion 108a of the alignment regulating material may be about 1 mm to 4 mm. FIG.
As shown in (c), the alignment controlling material is the main part 1 of the alignment controlling material.
Branch 108b formed by branching in the direction of θ from 08a
Consists of That is, θ means the main part 108a and the branch 10
8b. The value of θ is 0.1 ° to 179.9.
° is preferably about 40 ° to 140 °. Further, if the width of the branch portion 108b of the alignment control member and d _1, the value of d ₁ is
It is about 2 to 20 μm. In the branch portion 108b of the alignment regulating material, the surface farthest from the main portion 108a is called an end surface. When the distance between the closest side and the main portion 108a in the main portion 108a of the four sides of the end face and _{d 2,} the value of _{d 2} is
It is about 5 to 15 mm. When the active matrix substrate 101 is viewed from the normal direction (the direction in which the display can be seen),
An orientation regulating material having an end face of a branch of the orientation regulating material may be formed so as to be in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the main portion of the orientation regulating material.

The spacer 109 may also be formed using a photomask whose longitudinal direction is the same as the rubbing direction performed in a later step. When forming an alignment controlling material having an end face of a branch of the alignment controlling material so as to be in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the main portion of the alignment controlling material, the longitudinal direction of the main portion of the alignment controlling material and the short side of the spacer It is desirable to design the spacer so that the directions are the same.
In this case, when the active matrix substrate 101 is viewed from the normal direction (the direction in which display is visible), the shape of the spacer (a cross section parallel to the surface of the substrate 100) is a parallelogram.

Therefore, the alignment regulating material 108 is
What is necessary is that the direction in which 8b extends is the same as the direction of the rubbing process described later. Further, the spacer 109 has a longitudinal direction,
It is only necessary that the directions of the rubbing process described later match. Therefore,
As shown in FIG. 2A, in consideration of applying the present invention to a projector, the longitudinal direction of the branch portion 408b of the alignment regulating material and the longitudinal direction of the spacer 409 extend diagonally (rubbing direction 416). Can be used. As shown in FIG. 2B, the longitudinal direction of the branch portion 508b of the alignment regulating material and the longitudinal direction of the spacer 509 extend from the injection port side to the opposite side (assume east-west direction: rubbing direction 51).
6) An elongated one can be used. As shown in FIG. 2 (c), a material in which the branch portion 608b and the spacer 609 of the alignment regulating material extend in the north-south direction (rubbing direction 616) can be used. In FIG. 2B and FIG. 2C, if the branch of the alignment regulating material is provided in the same direction as the second wiring (source wiring), the influence of the step may be reduced. However, it is a matter of course that the orientation controlling material is not limited to these shapes,
In the vicinity of the four corners of the alignment regulating material, poor injection of liquid crystal is likely to occur, so no branch is intentionally provided in the vicinity. In FIG. 2, the external lead-out wiring is omitted.

As a material of the alignment regulating material 108, NN700 which is a material mainly composed of a photosensitive acrylic resin is used.
(Manufactured by JSR). After firing, the film thickness is 3.4 μm
に な る 3.6 μm. After NN700 is formed and calcined, exposure is performed with a mask aligner using a photomask. That is, the acrylic resin is exposed through the opening of the photomask. Next, the substrate developed with a developing solution containing TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) as a main component and dried is applied at 250 ° C.
The firing is performed for one hour. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the alignment regulating material 108 along the peripheral portion (outer periphery) of the substrate in a wall shape.
Then, columnar spacers 109 are respectively formed. The height of the alignment regulating member 108 is about 3.2 μm to 3.4 μm after firing. Width d ₁ of the branch portion 108b of the alignment regulating member is 2 to 20
μm, interval (pitch) with other branch portions; set to about 0.5 mm.

As for the spacer 109, the alignment regulating material 1 is also used.
08 is formed by the same method. Regarding the height of the spacer 109, the orientation regulating material 108 determines the height of the interlayer insulating film (1.8).
2 μm), an alignment film (0.05 μm) and a pixel electrode (0.
It is sufficient that the height is less than the film thickness such as 11 μm), and in the present embodiment, it is about 1.4 μm to 1.6 μm. The lengths of the long side and the short side of the spacer 109 are 4 μm and 1 μm, respectively. Further, it is desirable that the formation location of the spacer 109 is formed in a light blocking portion such as a pixel TFT and a storage capacitor other than the opening. In this specification, a direction parallel to the long side of the spacer 109 is referred to as a longitudinal direction of the spacer 109.

Next, an alignment film 110 and an alignment film 11 are provided on the active matrix substrate 101 and the counter substrate 102, respectively.
And baking is performed. Alignment film 110 and alignment film 11
For RN1, RN1286 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is used. The alignment films 110 and 111 are applied to predetermined regions on the active matrix substrate 101 and the counter substrate 102 by flexographic printing. The thicknesses of the alignment films 110 and 111 are set to be about 50 nm in thickness after firing.
The alignment films 110 and 111 are prebaked on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 90 seconds, and then baked in a clean oven at 250 ° C. for 1 hour.

After the firing of the alignment film is completed, the alignment film 110 on the active matrix substrate 101 and the counter substrate 102
The rubbing direction 11
6 is subjected to a rubbing treatment so that liquid crystal molecules are aligned with a certain pretilt angle. After bonding the active matrix substrate 101 and the counter substrate 102, FIG.
The rubbing is performed in such a direction as described above (rubbing direction 116). In the present embodiment, the rubbing direction is the same as the direction of the alignment treatment. The dust generated by the rubbing treatment and the loose hair of the rubbing cloth are removed by ultrasonic cleaning.

Thereafter, a thermosetting sealing material 112 (XN-21S; Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) is provided on the opposite substrate 102 by using a dispense drawing method outside the alignment regulating material 108. The sealing material includes an epoxy resin, a flow-stopping filler, a solvent and a curing agent for improving the projecting property, a curing accelerator for promoting a reaction between the epoxy resin and the curing agent, and the like. ing.

The width of the sealing material 112 is formed to be 1.2 to 1.5 mm after bonding and hot pressing. An injection port 113 is provided in a part of the pattern of the sealing material 112, and liquid crystal is injected through the injection port 113. After forming the sealing material, the sealing material 112 is
Bake for about 0.5 hours. By firing, a solvent for improving the protruding property is volatilized.

The active matrix substrate 101 and the counter substrate 102 having undergone the above-described steps are aligned, and the surfaces subjected to the alignment treatment are opposed to each other and bonded with high accuracy. The rubbing direction 113 of the active matrix substrate 101 and the rubbing direction 113 of the counter substrate 102 match. 2.94 ~ for a pair of bonded substrates
A pressure of 9.8 N / cm ² is applied in a direction perpendicular to the substrate plane and over the entire surface of the substrate, and at the same time, 160
At 2 ° C., pressure bonding is performed by a hot press for about 2 hours to promote the curing reaction of the seal.

After waiting for the pair of bonded substrates to cool, the substrate is cut into a desired size by a scriber and a break machine. A scriber is a device that divides a bonded substrate. Further, a break machine is a device in which a scribing line is formed on a bonded substrate by a scriber, and pressure is applied from a surface opposite to the cutting line to promote the cutting line. The scribe cutter pressure is 5.88 to 7.84 N / c for a glass substrate.
m ² , 10.78 to 11.76 N / cm ² for a quartz substrate,
Pressing is set to about 0.1 mm to perform cutting.

Liquid crystal is injected from an injection port by a vacuum injection method.
The panel after the division is prepared in a liquid crystal injection device (vacuum chamber), and the inside of the liquid crystal injection device (vacuum chamber) is heated at 110 ° C. and 1.33 × 10 ⁻⁵ Pa by a vacuum pump.
A vacuum state of about 1.33 × 10 ⁻⁷ Pa is applied to degas the liquid crystal, and air and the like dissolved in (inside) the liquid crystal are removed under reduced pressure. Thereafter, the inside of the vacuum chamber is lowered to around 80 ° C., and the injection port 113 is immersed in a liquid crystal dish (not shown) on which liquid crystal is provided. In the present embodiment, CS-2003
(Manufactured by Chisso Petrochemical). Since the inside of the liquid crystal injection device (vacuum chamber) is set at around 80 ° C,
CS-2003 will be injected in the state of a chiral nematic liquid crystal.

Next, when the liquid crystal injection device (vacuum chamber) in a vacuum state is gradually leaked with nitrogen and returned to the atmospheric pressure, the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure in the panel and the atmospheric pressure and the action of the liquid crystal capillary action cause When it is confirmed that the liquid crystal is injected from the injection port 113 of the panel (liquid crystal panel), the liquid crystal gradually progresses from the injection port 113 side, and the inside of the alignment regulating material 108 is filled with the liquid crystal 114, it is 0.1 to 1 At a cooling rate of 0.0 ° C./min, the temperature is cooled to, for example, 50 ° C. in a temperature range showing an SmC ^* phase (chiral smectic C phase).
At a cooling rate of 5.0 to 10 ° C./min, the temperature is raised to, for example, 80 ° C. in a temperature range showing an N ^* phase (chiral nematic phase), and finally, 0.1 to 1.0 ° C./min. At a cooling rate of, it is cooled to, for example, 25 ° C. within a temperature range showing an SmC ^* phase (chiral smectic C phase).

As the cooling of the liquid crystal 114 progresses, the orientation film 11
With the alignment control force of 0, the alignment control force of the alignment film 111, and the alignment control force of the alignment control material 108, the liquid crystal molecules aligned near the nuclei are used as nuclei, and the The reorientation proceeds toward. A smectic layer in which reorientation has progressed from the alignment film 110 side of the active matrix substrate 101 at a substantially central portion between the active matrix substrate 101 and the counter substrate 102;
The smectic layer, which has been re-aligned from the alignment film 111 side of the counter substrate 102, is bonded to the smectic layer. Axial direction (rubbing direction 116)
Is the longitudinal direction of the branch portion 108b of the alignment regulating material and the spacer 1
Since the liquid crystals are aligned in the longitudinal direction of 09, the continuity of the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is further promoted. In the alignment control material or spacer, a portion where the liquid crystal contacts the alignment control material or spacer is called a wall. Therefore, it is promoted that the alignment regulating force is exerted even to the bulk of the liquid crystal (a lump of liquid crystal not existing in the vicinity of the alignment film), and a uniform arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is realized. can get.

The both sides of the liquid crystal display panel (liquid crystal panel) are pressed by applying a uniform force in a direction perpendicular to the surface, and
After 5 minutes, the liquid crystal overflowing from the injection port 113 is wiped off, and an ultraviolet curable resin 115 is applied to the injection port 113 in a pressurized state, and the pressure is reduced. At that time, the ultraviolet curable resin 11
5 invades. In this state, ultraviolet irradiation (4 to 10 mW /
cm ² for 120 seconds), the ultraviolet curable resin 115
Is cured, and the injection port 110 is sealed. Thus, a liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG. 1 is obtained. FIG. 1 shows a top view of a liquid crystal display device and a cross-sectional view taken along a dotted line A1-A1 'of the top view.

Next, the liquid crystal adhered to the substrate surface and the end surface is washed with an organic solvent, for example, acetone and ethanol. However, the external lead-out wiring section 105 is washed only with ethanol.

Next, the FPC is connected to the external lead-out wiring portion 105.
(Not shown) thermocompression bonding (290 ° C, 50-70kP)
According to a), connection is made via an anisotropic conductive adhesive (not shown). Further, polarizing plates are attached to both sides of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 1, and the liquid crystal display device is completed. However, the rubbing direction of the substrate on the side where the incident light is incident is set so as to be parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate, and the transmission axis is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the side where the transmitted light passes. ,paste.

The measurement of the liquid crystal display device is performed using reset driving in which positive and negative pulses having the same absolute value are applied. When the applied voltage is 0 V, the display becomes darkest, and the director of the liquid crystal is 45 ° with respect to the rubbing direction.
The display becomes brightest when it is located in the direction of. A similar tendency is observed in the triangular wave drive.

In the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the columnar spacer and the alignment regulating material are formed in separate steps.
An alignment controlling material may be formed simultaneously with the columnar spacer.
However, a step is generated between the position where the columnar spacer is formed and the position where the alignment control material is formed. Therefore, a new spacer may be formed on the alignment control material.

In this embodiment, in the display pixel portion 103, an active matrix substrate is used in which an interlayer insulating film is formed on a gate wiring to prevent a short circuit and a source wiring is formed on the interlayer insulating film. Alternatively, an active matrix substrate in which an interlayer insulating film is formed on a source wiring and a gate wiring is formed on the interlayer insulating film may be used. Therefore, in the active matrix substrate, the gate wiring becomes the second wiring.

In this embodiment, an active matrix liquid crystal display device using a smectic liquid crystal has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
bilized-Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) method and OCB
(Optically Compensated Birefringence) method and VA
The present invention can also be applied to a liquid crystal display device in which it is essential to match the rubbing direction with the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules, such as a liquid crystal display device using a (Vertical Alignment) method. If a comb-shaped electrode is formed on a substrate, it can be applied to an IPS (In Plane Switching) method in which a liquid crystal is driven by a lateral electric field.

In this embodiment, the alignment regulating material 108 and the spacer 109 are formed on the active matrix substrate 101 by a photolithography process.
2, an alignment regulating material or a spacer may be formed. However, when the alignment regulating material is formed on the counter substrate 102, it is desirable to form the sealant 109 on the counter substrate 102.

In this embodiment, the spacer 109 is formed after the alignment regulating material 108 is formed.
Before forming the spacer 8, the spacer 109 may be formed.

In this embodiment, a columnar (wall-shaped) spacer is used as the spacer, but a spherical spacer may be used.

In this embodiment, the rubbing process is performed from the injection port side to the side opposite to the injection port. However, it is needless to say that the rubbing process may be performed from the injection port side to the injection port side.

In this embodiment, the active matrix substrate 101 and the opposing substrate 102 are combined and bonded so that the rubbing directions are parallel. However, they may be bonded so that they are antiparallel.

As the alignment treatment, an oblique deposition method using silicon dioxide or a photo-alignment method may be used. Further, a rib or an oblique electric field may be used without performing the alignment treatment.

In this embodiment, the dispensing method is used when forming the sealing material, but a screen printing method may be used.

In this embodiment, CS-2003 (manufactured by Chisso Petrochemical) is used, but it is a matter of course that the present invention is not limited to this. The phase transition series of CS-2003 indicates Iso (isotropic phase) -N ^* (chiral nematic phase) -SmC ^* (chiral smectic C phase) -Cry (crystal phase). Hereinafter, the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal is shown in parentheses in numerical values.
Iso (90) N ^* (64) SmC ^* (-14) -Cr
y.

In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal is realigned by the above-described method, but a realignment method corresponding to various liquid crystals may be employed.

In this embodiment, the immersion method is used as the liquid crystal injection method, but a drop injection method in which liquid crystal is dropped into the injection port may be used. Alternatively, an ultraviolet-curable resin may be used as a sealant, a liquid crystal may be applied between two substrates, bonded together, and the sealant may be treated. However, since it is difficult to obtain sufficient curing only with ultraviolet light, the curing reaction may be completed by heating after substantially curing and fixing with ultraviolet light. This injection method is called a lamination method. In this case, it is possible to use an alignment regulating material having no injection port, that is, a pattern in which one end and the other end are connected.

In this embodiment, the main portion and the branch portion of the alignment regulating member 108 are formed at the same time, but they may be formed separately.

[Second Embodiment] In the first embodiment, a rubbing process is performed as an alignment process. In the second embodiment, a method of forming a concave portion in an electrode and performing an alignment process will be described.

In the first embodiment, uniform alignment of the liquid crystal is realized by the alignment film subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment controlling material, and the spacer. In the present embodiment, the uniform liquid crystal is formed by the concave portion of the pixel electrode and the alignment controlling material. Orientation can be realized.

Since the other manufacturing steps have already been described in the first embodiment, the detailed manufacturing steps are referred to in the first embodiment, and the description is omitted here.

A transparent conductive film (film thickness: 110 nm) is formed on the entire surface of the active matrix substrate, and a pixel electrode is formed in a display pixel portion by patterning using a photomask. The material of the transparent conductive film is indium oxide (In).
₂ O ₃ ) and indium oxide tin oxide alloy (In ₂ O ₃ --Sn)
A pixel electrode is formed by sputtering or vacuum evaporation using O ₂ (ITO film). Etching of such a material is performed using a hydrochloric acid-based solution. But especially IT
Since residues are easily generated in the etching of the O film, an indium oxide-zinc oxide alloy (In ₂ O ₃ —ZnO) may be used to improve the etching processability. The indium oxide zinc oxide alloy has excellent surface smoothness and excellent thermal stability with respect to the ITO film.
It is possible to prevent the Al film from being in contact with the pixel electrode and causing a corrosion reaction. Similarly, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a suitable material, and zinc oxide (ZnO: Ga) to which gallium (Ga) is added in order to increase the transmittance and conductivity of visible light can be used.

Next, in order to form a recess for aligning the liquid crystal, a pixel electrode 907 having a recess on the surface as shown in FIG. obtain. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in which the pixel electrode is divided perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the branch of the alignment regulating material.
As shown in FIG. 3A, the width of the concave portion is 2 to 4 μm, the interval (pitch) with other concave portions is 2 to 4 μm, and the depth of the concave portion is 5 μm.
Etching is performed so as to have a thickness of about 20 nm. In the present embodiment, dry etching is employed, but wet etching may be employed, and when wet etching is employed,
As shown in FIG. 3B, a concave portion having a gentle surface is obtained.

Next, the steps used in the first embodiment, the step of forming the alignment controlling material and the spacer, the step of forming the sealing material along the peripheral portion (outer periphery) of the alignment controlling material, the steps of: , A dividing step, and a liquid crystal injecting step. However, the orientation regulating material and the spacer are formed such that the longitudinal direction of the branch of the orientation regulating material, the longitudinal direction of the gap material, and the longitudinal direction of the concave portion match. The branches of the alignment regulating material, the spacers, and the recesses of the pixel electrodes are
It assists the liquid crystal molecules to be aligned in the longitudinal direction of the recess. Next, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is obtained through a sealing step using an ultraviolet curable resin, a step having cleaning and reorientation, and a step of connecting an FPC to an external lead-out wiring portion.

When this embodiment is used, the alignment film used in the first embodiment becomes unnecessary, and the problem of dust and static electricity generated during the rubbing process is eliminated.

The uniform alignment of the liquid crystal can be obtained by the effects of the alignment regulating material, the spacer and the concave portion of the present invention.

The shape of the cross section of the concave portion may be rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, sinusoidal, or similar.

In the active matrix substrate, the second wiring is provided on the first wiring provided on the substrate via an interlayer insulating film, but a recess may be provided along the second wiring. . This can prevent the step and the recess from intersecting. When a gate wiring is adopted as the first wiring, the second wiring is a source wiring. Conversely, when a source wiring is used as the first wiring, the second wiring is a gate wiring.

Alternatively, one substrate with an alignment film may be subjected to a rubbing treatment, a concave portion is formed in an electrode of the other substrate, and both substrates may be bonded to each other.

The manufacturing method of this embodiment can be applied to a reflection type liquid crystal display device having a reflection electrode made of aluminum, silver, or the like.

[Embodiment 3] When a sealing material is formed on a counter substrate, it is desirable that the alignment regulating material be provided on the counter substrate. In the present embodiment, an example in which an alignment regulating material is formed on a counter substrate will be described.

In a known manner, a light-shielding film 202, a colored layer 203a having a red pattern, a colored layer 203b having a green pattern, and a colored layer 203c having a blue pattern are formed on a substrate 201 by a known method. Then, a flattening film 204 is formed.

Next, a transparent conductive film is applied in the same manner as in the method used in the first embodiment to form a counter electrode 106. FIG.
A counter substrate as shown in FIG.

Next, an orientation control material (not shown) and a spacer (not shown) are patterned into a predetermined shape on the counter substrate by a photolithography method in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

An alignment film is applied to a counter substrate having an alignment regulating material and a spacer, and rubbing is performed to form a sealing material (not shown) outside the alignment regulating material. Embodiment 1
The liquid crystal display device of the present invention is completed by bonding the same to the active matrix substrate in substantially the same manner as described above.

In the case where an alignment film is applied as the alignment treatment, a flattening film may be formed after forming the counter electrode.

In the present embodiment, the surface of the counter electrode is flattened as shown in FIG. 4B in order to apply and rub the alignment film as the alignment process. In addition, the concave portion of the electrode used in the second embodiment may be used as the alignment treatment. In this case, in order to form a concave portion for aligning the liquid crystal in the counter electrode, a new photomask is used, and a counter electrode having a concave portion as shown in FIG. .

[Fourth Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal that does not generate a shift angle has been described. The manufacturing method will be described.

The other configuration is the same as in the first embodiment.
, The detailed configuration is referred to the first embodiment, and the description is omitted here.

In this specification, the angle caused by the arrangement of the optical axes of the liquid crystal in a direction inclined by a certain angle φ with respect to the rubbing direction is defined as a shift angle φ. For example, MX-Z19 (antiferroelectric liquid crystal) manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical produces a shift angle φ of 6 °. According to this definition, the shift angle φ of the liquid crystal of the first embodiment is 0 °.

An active matrix substrate 201 having a display pixel portion 203, a peripheral drive circuit 204, an external wiring portion 205, a pixel electrode 207 and the like, and a counter substrate 202 having a counter electrode 206 and the like are prepared.

Using the same method as in Embodiment 1, on the active matrix substrate 201, as shown in FIG. 5, a spacer 209 and a main body 208a of the alignment regulating material and a branch 208b of the alignment regulating material. Are formed respectively.

Thereafter, the active matrix substrate 201
Is applied with an alignment film 210. Next, the branch 2 of the alignment regulating material
The rubbing process is performed in a direction shifted by 6 ° from the longitudinal direction of 08b.

Similarly, an orientation film 211 is applied to the opposite substrate 202. Next, when the opposing substrate 202 and the active matrix substrate 201 are bonded together,
The rubbing process is performed in a direction shifted by 6 ° to the side opposite to the rubbing direction of the active matrix substrate 201 with the longitudinal direction of 8b as a symmetric axis.

Next, a sealing material 212 is formed on the counter substrate 202 and bonded to the active matrix substrate 201. Therefore, the angle between the rubbing direction of the active matrix substrate 201 and the rubbing direction of the opposing substrate 202 is 2φ
= 12 °.

Next, the liquid crystal 21 is placed between the active matrix substrate 201 and the opposing substrate 202 by performing a vacuum pressure injection method.
Fill 4 After the completion of the liquid crystal injection, the liquid crystal 214 is realigned.

As the liquid crystal 214 cools, the alignment film 210
Of the liquid crystal molecules aligned in the vicinity thereof as a nucleus, toward the central portion between the active matrix substrate 201 and the counter substrate 202 by the alignment control force of the alignment film 211, the alignment control force of the alignment film 211, and the alignment control force of the alignment control material 208. Reorientation proceeds. FIG.
As shown in the figure, the smectic layer whose reorientation has progressed from the alignment film 210 side on the active matrix substrate 201 and the alignment film 211 side on the counter substrate 202 almost at the center between the active matrix substrate 201 and the counter substrate 202. Is bonded to the smectic layer whose re-orientation has progressed, but the wall of the branch portion 208b of the alignment controlling material and the spacer 209
The liquid crystal is aligned in such a manner that the alignment regulating force acts in parallel with the walls of the liquid crystal molecules and the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules (the dotted line in FIG. 7) is aligned with the longitudinal direction of the branch 208b of the alignment regulating material and the longitudinal direction of the spacer 209. This will further promote the maintenance of the continuity of the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. The portion where the liquid crystal and the alignment controlling material are in contact is called a wall. Therefore, it is promoted to exert the alignment regulating force even to the bulk of the liquid crystal (a lump of liquid crystal not existing near the alignment film), and a uniform arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is realized.
As a result, uniform alignment of the liquid crystal is realized.

After cooling to 25 ° C. (room temperature), a sealing step and a washing step with the ultraviolet-curable resin 215 are performed to obtain a liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG. After that, an FPC (not shown) is connected to the external lead-out wiring section 205, and a polarizing plate is attached to both sides of the liquid crystal display device, thereby completing the liquid crystal display device.

As described above, the alignment regulating material and the spacer of the present invention can be applied to a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal having a shift angle.

In the present embodiment, the shift angle φ is set to 6 ° C. with respect to MX-Z19, but the shift angle φ may be set according to the type of liquid crystal.

[Embodiment 5] In this embodiment, Embodiment 1
FIGS. 7 and 8 show a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device different from that shown in FIGS.
This will be described with reference to FIG.

In the first to fourth embodiments, a photosensitive acrylic resin is used as an alignment controlling material. In the present embodiment, an example of a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device using a photosensitive epoxy resin as an alignment controlling material will be described. .

Since other manufacturing steps have already been described in the first embodiment, the detailed manufacturing steps are referred to in the first embodiment, and the description is omitted here.

An active matrix substrate 301 is prepared. The active matrix substrate 301 includes a display pixel portion 303, a peripheral driving circuit 304 including a gate wiring side driving circuit 304a and a source wiring side driving circuit 304b,
This is a substrate provided with an external lead-out wiring portion 305.
A pixel electrode 307 is provided over the display pixel portion 303.

On the other hand, the counter electrode 30 is
6 etc. are provided.

Next, an alignment regulating material 308 is formed on the active matrix substrate 301. As a material of the alignment regulating material 308, a material mainly composed of an epoxy resin is used.
OA60 (manufactured by Noland Product) is used. The film thickness is 4.
Set to 2 μm. The NOA 60 is formed by a screen printing method and calcined to obtain an alignment regulating material 708 shown in FIG. Next, exposure is performed with a Xe-Hg lamp (50 nm) using the photomask 701 shown in FIG. That is, the epoxy resin is exposed through the opening of the photomask. Thereafter, a baking step is performed on the substrate developed with a developer and dried. As a result, FIG.
As shown in the top view of (c), an alignment regulating material 308 is formed in a wall shape along the peripheral portion (outer periphery) of the substrate. The alignment controlling material 308 includes a main portion 308a of the alignment controlling material and a dotted line BB ′.
Of the alignment regulating material having a concave portion as shown in the sectional view of FIG.
08b. The liquid crystal molecules are arranged in the concave portions. The height of the main portion 308a of the alignment regulating material is about 4 μm.

The steps used in the first embodiment, that is, the step of forming the spacer 309, the alignment film 310 and the alignment film 31
One application step, a rubbing step, a step of forming a sealing material 312 along the outer periphery of the alignment regulating material 308, a step of bonding the active matrix substrate 301 and the counter substrate 302, a dividing step, and a step of injecting the liquid crystal 314 are performed. The liquid crystal is
What is described in Embodiment 1 may be used. The rubbing direction 316 is processed so as to be the same as the longitudinal direction of the spacer 309 and the longitudinal direction of the branch 308b of the alignment regulating material. As shown in FIGS. 8B and 8C, the branch portion 308b of the alignment regulating material helps the liquid crystal molecules to be oriented in the rubbing direction 316 in the long axis direction. Also, the spacer 309 has a long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the rubbing direction 316.
To facilitate orientation. UV curable resin 315
A liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG. 8 is obtained through a sealing process, a process including cleaning and reorientation, and a process of connecting an FPC (not shown) to the external lead-out wiring portion 305. FIG. 8B is a top view of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, and FIG.
(A) is a dotted line portion A3-A of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
A cross-sectional view at 3 'is shown.

In the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the columnar spacer and the alignment regulating material are formed in separate steps.
An alignment controlling material may be formed simultaneously with the columnar spacer.
However, a step is generated between the position where the columnar spacer is formed and the position where the alignment control material is formed. Therefore, a new spacer may be formed on the alignment control material.

In this embodiment, the spacer 309 is formed after forming the alignment regulating material 308.
After forming, the alignment regulating material 308 may be formed.

In this embodiment, the active matrix substrate 301 having an alignment film and the counter substrate 30 having an alignment film
The liquid crystal display device was manufactured by combining the liquid crystal display device 2 with the active matrix substrate 2 provided with a pixel electrode having a concave portion in the same manner as in the method used in the third embodiment, or by combining an opposing substrate provided with a counter electrode having a concave portion. Is also good. Further, an active matrix substrate provided with a pixel electrode having a concave portion and a counter substrate provided with a counter electrode having a concave portion may be combined.

In the case where an alignment regulating material is manufactured on a counter substrate, it can be manufactured using the manufacturing method of this embodiment. In this case, it is desirable to form a sealant on the counter substrate.

The alignment regulating material of the present embodiment can be applied to a liquid crystal display device of a liquid crystal having a shift angle.

The branch may be formed on the sealing material itself by using screen printing, but it is difficult to control the width of the branch uniformly as compared with this embodiment because the seal is crushed by bonding or the like. It is.

[Embodiment 6] A liquid crystal display device formed by carrying out the invention of the present specification can implement the invention of the present specification in all electronic devices in which the liquid crystal display device is incorporated in a display portion.

Such electronic devices include a video camera, a digital camera, a projector (rear or front type), a head mounted display (goggle type display), a car navigation, a car stereo,
Personal computers, personal digital assistants (mobile computers, mobile phones, electronic books or personal organizers, etc.), displays, rear-view LCD monitors for vehicles, videophones,
Electronic game machines and the like are included. An example of them is shown in FIG.
This is shown in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12.

FIG. 9A shows a personal computer, which includes a main body 2001, an image input section 2002, and a display section 200.
3, including the keyboard 2004 and the like. Display unit 20 of the present invention
03 can be applied.

FIG. 9B shows a video camera,
101, display unit 2102, voice input unit 2103, operation switch 2104, battery 2105, image receiving unit 2106
And so on. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 2102.

FIG. 9C shows a mobile computer (mobile computer), which includes a main body 2201 and a camera section 2.
202, an image receiving unit 2203, operation switches 2204, a display unit 2205, and the like. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 2205.

FIG. 9D shows a goggle type display, which includes a main body 2301, a display portion 2302, and an arm portion 2303.
And so on. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 2302.

FIG. 9E shows a player using a recording medium (hereinafter, referred to as a recording medium) on which a program is recorded, and includes a main body 2401, a display section 2402, and a speaker section 240.
3, a recording medium 2404, an operation switch 2405, and the like. This player uses a DVD (D
digital Versatile Disc), CD
And the like, it is possible to perform music appreciation, movie appreciation, games, and the Internet. This player can be called an electronic play machine. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 2402.

FIG. 9F shows a digital camera, which includes a main body 2501, a display section 2502, an eyepiece section 2503, operation switches 2504, an image receiving section (not shown), and the like. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 2502.

FIG. 10A shows a front type projector, which includes a projection device 2601, a screen 2602, and the like. The present invention can be applied to the liquid crystal display device 2808 forming a part of the projection device 2601 and other signal control circuits.

FIG. 10B shows a rear type projector, which includes a main body 2701, a projection device 2702, and a mirror 270.
3, including a screen 2704 and the like. The present invention relates to a projection device 2
The present invention can be applied to the liquid crystal display device 2808 forming a part of the signal control circuit 702 and other signal control circuits.

Note that FIG. 10C shows the projection device 2601 and the projection device 2 in FIGS. 10A and 10B.
FIG. 702 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of 702. Projection device 260
1. The projection device 2702 includes a light source optical system 2801, a mirror 2802, mirrors 2804 to 2806, a dichroic mirror 2803, a prism 2807, and a liquid crystal display device 28.
08, a phase difference plate 2809, and a projection optical system 2810. The projection optical system 2810 is configured by an optical system including a projection lens. In the present embodiment, an example of a three-plate type is shown, but there is no particular limitation, and for example, a single-plate type may be used. Further, the practitioner may appropriately provide an optical system such as an optical lens, a film having a polarizing function, a film for adjusting a phase difference, and an IR film in the optical path indicated by the arrow in FIG. Good.

FIG. 10D is a diagram showing an example of the structure of the light source optical system 2801 in FIG. 10C. In this embodiment, the light source optical system 2801 includes a reflector 2811, a light source 2812, a lens array 2813,
It comprises a lens array 2814, a polarization conversion element 2815, and a condenser lens 2816. Note that the light source optical system shown in FIG. 10D is an example and is not particularly limited. For example, a practitioner may appropriately provide an optical lens, a film having a polarization function, a film for adjusting a phase difference,
An optical system such as an R film may be provided.

However, in the projector shown in FIG. 10, a case where a transmission type liquid crystal display device is used is shown, and an example of application to a reflection type liquid crystal display device is not shown.

FIG. 11A shows a mobile phone, and the main body 29 is shown.
01, audio output unit 2902, audio input unit 2903, display unit 2904, operation switch 2905, antenna 2906
And so on. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 2904.

FIG. 11B shows a portable book (electronic book), which includes a main body 3001, a display portion 3002, a display portion 3003,
Storage medium 3004, operation switch 3005, antenna 3
006 etc. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 3002.

FIG. 11C shows a display, which includes a main body 3101, a support base 3102, a display portion 3103, and the like.
The present invention can be applied to the display portion 3103. The display of the present invention is particularly advantageous when the screen is enlarged, and is advantageous for a display having a diagonal of 10 inches or more (particularly 30 inches or more).

FIG. 12A shows a rear-viewing liquid crystal monitor for use in a vehicle.
And a mirror 3206. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 3202. In this embodiment, the mirror 3206 has the display unit 3202 incorporated therein, but the mirror and the display unit may be separated.

FIG. 12B shows a video phone,
301, a display portion 3302, an image receiving portion 3303, a keyboard 3304, operation switches 3305, a receiver 3306, and the like. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 3303.

FIG. 12C shows a car navigation system, which includes a main body 3401, a display portion 3402, and an operation switch 34.
03 and others. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 3402. A picture such as a road is shown on the display portion 3402.

FIG. 12D shows an electronic organizer.
01, a display unit 3502, an operation switch 3503, an electronic pen 3504, and the like. The present invention can be applied to the display portion 3503.

The present invention is not limited to a liquid crystal display device using a TFT as a switching element, but includes an MIM (Metal Insulator Mesh).
The present invention can also be applied to a liquid crystal display device using (tal) as a switching element. This MIM is also called TFD (Thin Film Diode). Further, the present invention is also applicable to a liquid crystal display device of a simple matrix (passive matrix) in which a scanning electrode and a signal electrode orthogonal to the scanning electrode are provided on a facing surface of a facing substrate.

Further, the liquid crystal display of the present invention can be applied to liquid crystal injection under normal pressure in a device provided with an outlet on the side opposite to the inlet.

The manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be applied not only to liquid crystal injection but also to a technical field in which a low-viscosity functional material is injected into a narrow gap of several μm.

[0140]

According to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the distance between the substrates can be kept uniform, not only the mechanical strength is increased, but also the amount of liquid crystal used can be reduced.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, liquid crystal molecules can be uniformly arranged, and a good black level can be obtained when no voltage is applied. Therefore, the contrast is improved.

Further, since it is possible to prevent the sealing material from being mixed into the liquid crystal due to the deterioration of the sealing material, the present invention can provide a technique for obtaining a liquid crystal display device having a good yield.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device (Embodiment 1) of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing the shape of an alignment regulating material.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a concave portion on the surface of a pixel electrode according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a counter substrate according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device (Embodiment 4) of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing directions of liquid crystal molecules.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device (Embodiment 5) of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device (Embodiment 5) of the present invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an electronic device.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an electronic device.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an electronic device.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an electronic device.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a conventional active matrix liquid crystal display device.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI theme coat ゛ (Reference) G02F 1/141 G02F 1/141 F-term (Reference) 2H088 FA10 GA04 HA03 HA08 HA18 HA28 JA17 JA20 MA18 2H089 LA08 LA24 LA41 MA07Z NA25 NA37 QA15 RA13 RA14 TA04 TA09 2H090 HB07Y HC10 HD14 KA14 KA15 LA01 LA02 LA03 LA04 MA06 MA10 MB01 2H092 GA13 GA17 HA04 JA24 JB01 JB22 JB31 MA13 MA17 NA01 PA02 PA03 PA04 QA13 QA14

Claims (19)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a sealing material provided between the pair of substrates, wherein: a main part formed along the inside of the sealing material; A liquid crystal display device, comprising: an alignment controlling material including a branch protruding from a portion; and liquid crystal being filled inside the alignment controlling material. 2. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; and a sealing material provided between the pair of substrates, wherein the sealing material is in contact with an inside of a region where the sealing material is formed. A liquid crystal is filled inside the alignment regulating material, and the alignment regulating material comprises a main portion and a branch portion. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an angle θ between the main portion and the branch portion of the alignment regulating material is 0.1 ° to 0.1 °.
A liquid crystal display device characterized by being in the range of 179.9 °, preferably 40 ° to 140 °. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the width of the branch is in a range of 2 to 20 μm. 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a distance between one side closest to the main part and four sides of an end face of the branch part is 5 to 15 mm. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that: 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a spacer for keeping a constant distance between the pair of substrates is formed, and a longitudinal direction of the branch portion is a longitudinal direction of the spacer. A liquid crystal display device having the same direction as that of the liquid crystal display device. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal direction of the branch portion is the same as the direction of the alignment treatment. 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the longitudinal direction of the spacer is the same as the direction of the alignment treatment. 9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein at least one substrate is provided with an electrode having a concave portion, and a longitudinal direction of the concave portion is a longitudinal direction of the branch portion. A liquid crystal display device having the same direction as that of the liquid crystal display device. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein at least one of the substrates is provided with an electrode having a concave portion, and a longitudinal direction of the concave portion is equal to a longitudinal direction of the spacer. A liquid crystal display device having the same direction. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the recess is formed in the same direction as the second wiring. 12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal is an antiferroelectric liquid crystal. 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment regulating material is mainly composed of an acrylic resin. 14. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment regulating material contains an epoxy resin as a main component. 15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a personal computer, a video camera, a portable information terminal, a digital camera, a display, an in-vehicle rear-viewing liquid crystal monitor, a videophone, and a car navigation system. Alternatively, the liquid crystal display device is an electronic game machine. 16. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first step of forming an alignment regulating material by exposing a photosensitive material to light; and a second step of forming a sealing material outside the alignment regulating material. Method. 17. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first step of forming an alignment controlling material by exposing an acrylic resin to light; and a second step of forming a sealing material outside the alignment controlling material. . 18. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first step of forming an alignment regulating material by exposing an epoxy resin to light; and a second step of forming a sealing material outside the alignment regulating material. . 19. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 16, wherein in the first step, the alignment regulating material and the spacer are simultaneously manufactured.