JP2002192453A - Magnetism applied machining method and device for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low-cost magnetism applied machining method and device therefor that realize three-dimensional random tool behavior and permit polishing in a clean container free of risk of dust emission via a simple structure. SOLUTION: Magnetic drive from outside the container 3 creates relative motion between a workpiece 4 and a tool 5, which either one thereof is magnetic, housed in the closed nonmagnetic container 3 to bring the tool 5 in impacting contact with the surface of the workpiece 4, which is then subjected to surface finishing, edge finishing or surface hardening. The finishing polishing on the workpiece 4 by relative motion between the workpiece 4 and the tool 5, either of which is magnetic, is possible by the magnetic drive from outside the closed nonmagnetic container 3, to thus enable clean polishing work without dispersion of polishing dust and the like to the outside. A three-dimensional direction of the relative motion can promote the polishing through impacting contact between the workpiece 4 and the tool 5 by more random relative motion.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to various functional precision parts such as computer-related parts, details of non-magnetic or magnetic workpieces, deburring of inner surfaces, surface finishes and edges, or hardening of surface layers. The present invention relates to a magnetic-assisted processing method and apparatus capable of improving bending fatigue strength due to residual compressive stress.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various functional precision parts, such as computer-related parts, have become smaller, more complex, and denser as their components have become smaller and more highly integrated. Therefore, development of a new processing technology capable of controlling not only surface accuracy and shape accuracy but also surface properties is required. In addition, some of these functional precision parts extremely dislike residual abrasive grains due to processing. In recent years, there remains a problem in the treatment of waste generated in the cleaning step of residual abrasive grains, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of environmental problems. For this reason, in recent years, a magnetic polishing or a magnetically assisted processing method developed by the present inventors has attracted attention. Magnetic polishing methods other than the present inventors have also been developed and proposed, and FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate them.

FIG. 5 shows a structure in which the inner surface of a non-magnetic tube is polished by magnetically driving a magnetic abrasive.
No. 3,378,131. Briefly describing this, a guide hole 121a is formed in a rotating ring 121 that rotates around the non-magnetic tube 101, and a magnet 1 is formed.
23A and 123B are attached, and the non-magnetic tube 101 is configured to be able to revolve (in a direction perpendicular to the drawing) by a link mechanism on which high-frequency vibration by a piezoelectric vibrator is superimposed while rotating by a motor drive. Thus, by the relative rotation control between the rotation speed of the rotating ring 121 and the rotation speed of the non-magnetic tube 101, and the axial movement of the non-magnetic tube 101,
The inner surface of the non-magnetic tube 101 is polished by a magnetic tool housed in the non-magnetic tube 101.

FIG. 6 shows a configuration in which a part accommodated in a container is polished by a fluctuating magnetic field caused by an alternating current.
This is a barrel polishing machine disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 47853. In brief, an iron core 208 wound with a winding 207 is arranged on the outer bottom surface and side surfaces of the container 204, and a rotating magnetic field is generated in the container 204 by applying a current to the winding 207. The magnetic field gives an electromagnetic force to the magnetic medium 201 in the container 204, and the medium 20
Move 1 Then, the part 202 is polished by relative movement with the part 202 in the container 204.

[0005]

However, in these magnetic polishing methods, in the first conventional example shown in FIG.
A and 123B are relatively moved in three dimensions in the rotation direction and the axial direction, so that the inner surface of the non-magnetic tube 101 can be efficiently polished. However, the polishing is limited to polishing only the inner surface of the non-magnetic tube 101. However, the control structure is complicated and the device is enlarged, resulting in an increase in cost. Further, in the second conventional example shown in FIG. 6, a fluctuating magnetic field such as a rotating magnetic field is applied to the component 202 and the medium 201 accommodated in the container 204, and the component 202 can be polished by relative motion. However, it is necessary to dispose a winding 207 and an iron core 208 for providing a fluctuating magnetic field such as a rotating magnetic field on the outer bottom surface and side surfaces of the container 204, which requires a huge amount of winding and requires time and effort for manufacturing, resulting in cost reduction. In addition to the increase, the control for generating the rotating magnetic field was inevitably complicated.

Therefore, in the present invention, with a simple structure,
An object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost magnetic-assisted machining method and apparatus that realize three-dimensional random tool behavior and enable polishing in a clean and dust-free container.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems For this reason, the first invention provides
By magnetic drive from outside of the container, one of the ones contained in the closed non-magnetic container generates relative motion between the magnetic workpiece and the tool, and the tool abuts against the workpiece surface. Surface finishing or edge finishing of the workpiece, or surface hardening. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the relative movement is in a three-dimensional direction. Further, a second invention provides a hermetically sealed non-magnetic container in which either one of the magnetic workpiece and the tool is accommodated,
A rotating table having at least one magnet is provided so as to face the container, and is arranged to face the rotating table. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the magnet is configured to be freely relocated on a rotary table. Further, the invention is characterized in that the magnet is constituted by a permanent magnet, an electromagnetic coil or a combination thereof. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the work is made of a non-magnetic material, and the work can be fixed in a container. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the magnetic field generated by the magnet is controlled by the rotation speed of the rotary table or the fluctuation of the energizing frequency to the electromagnet. Further, the present invention is characterized in that shape anisotropy, magnetic anisotropy or a ball-shaped tool is used as the tool sequentially or in an appropriate combination. The present invention also provides
The tool is characterized in that a magnetic tool is coated with a non-magnetic material such as resin, or a non-magnetic tool is coated with a magnetic material. Further, the present invention is characterized in that a liquid lubricant such as oil is sealed in the container and wet polishing is performed,
These are the means for solving the problem.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the magnetically assisted processing method and apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG.
1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a magnetically assisted processing method and a magnetic assisting method according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a processing principle diagram of the magnetically assisted processing method of the present invention, and FIG. It is a schematic perspective view of. As shown in FIG. 1, the magnetically assisted processing method of the present invention is performed by magnetic driving from outside the container 3 (according to the fluctuation of the rotating magnetic field of the magnet 2 composed of the N and S magnetic poles 7 connected by the yoke 6). Either one (the tool 5 is magnetic in the illustrated example) housed in the closed non-magnetic container 3 generates relative movement between the magnetic workpiece 4 and the tool 5 to machine the tool 5. The surface of the workpiece 4 is abutted against the surface of the workpiece 4 to perform surface finishing or edge finishing, or surface hardening.

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a magnetic assisting processing apparatus.
Shown in One of which is a closed non-magnetic container 3 containing a magnetic workpiece 4 and a tool 5, and at least one of which is installed facing the container 3 (in the example shown in FIG. 1, it is close to the lower side). One, in the example shown, two sets of magnets 2A, 2B and 2
The rotary table 1 having C and 2D is disposed to face. As the tool 5, shape anisotropy (not symmetric), magnetic anisotropy or a ball-shaped tool can be used sequentially or in an appropriate combination. Further, the magnetic tool 5 may be coated with a non-magnetic material such as resin, or the non-magnetic tool 5 may be coated with a magnetic material. Further, when the workpiece 4 is made of a non-magnetic material, the workpiece 4 may be configured to be fixable in a container by an appropriate gripping device.

The two sets of magnets 2A, 2B and 2C, 2D installed on the rotary table 1 are configured so as to be freely rearranged. These magnets 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D are separately provided on the rotary table 1 respectively. It is accommodated in the container 3 at the time of rotation of the turntable 1 by selectively attaching to a large number of attachment holes formed thereon, or by sliding on a rail or groove formed in a radial direction and fixing it at an arbitrary position. It is configured such that a random magnetic field can be applied to the work 4 and the tool 5 that have been set. At the time of rotation of the turntable 1, at least one, in the example shown, two sets of magnets 2A,
With the arrangement of 2B, 2C, and 2D, for example, a group of magnetic tools 5 abuts on the workpiece 4 at random while separating as a pair in the container 3. In addition, since these magnets 2A, 2B and 2C, 2D are arranged close to the lower part of the container 3, the magnetic tools 5 which have come into contact with the workpiece 4 and fallen off from the magnetic field repeatedly attract and repel, and are repeatedly moved in the axial direction. Also show random behavior. That is, the relative movement between the workpiece 4 and the tool 5 becomes a three-dimensional direction. The position of the container 3 in the axial direction is adjustable (the rotary table 1 may be adjusted up and down), and the magnets 2A, 2B, 2
The magnetic force of the magnetic field is adjusted by setting the axial distance of the workpiece 4 and the tool 5 with respect to C and 2D.

The magnets 2A, 2
B, 2C, and 2D are constituted by permanent magnets, electromagnetic coils, or a combination thereof. When an electromagnetic coil is employed, the magnetic force is obtained by simple current control of the electromagnetic coil extending from the stationary part to the vicinity of the container 3. Can be generated. The magnetic force of the permanent magnet is controlled by the number of rotations of the rotary table, and the magnetic force of the electromagnet formed of the electromagnetic coil is controlled by the fluctuation of the energizing frequency to the electromagnetic coil. If necessary, the axis on the container 3 side and the rotation axis on the turntable 1 may be crossed. That is, by inclining the rotary table 1 or the container 3, the distance between the tool 4 in the container 3 and the rotating magnets 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D can be sequentially changed. If the inclination angle is changed randomly during rotation, random behavior can be further given to the relative position between the tool 5 and the workpiece 4.

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the magnetically assisted machining apparatus according to the present invention, which improves the degree of freedom in adjusting the positions of the magnets 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D with respect to the workpiece 4 and the tool 5. In the center of the turntable 1, a through hole 1A is formed. With such a configuration, the adjustment of the axial position of each magnet 2 with respect to the workpiece 4 and the tool 5 extends to the outer peripheral portion of the container 3 so that the degree of freedom of the adjustment is improved. In the embodiment, the magnets 2A, 2B, 2C,
It goes without saying that the 2D radial position can be adjusted. In addition, the apparatus itself shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is rotated by 90 degrees, that is, the axes of the container 3 and the turntable 1 are installed substantially horizontally (FIG. 1 corresponds to this).
By doing so, a processing mode in which the cylindrical surface of the container 3 is arranged up and down can be adopted.

A processing experiment was performed by a processing apparatus based on the processing principle. The turntable 1 is made of a non-magnetic material such as an aluminum alloy, and has a magnet 2 of 18 × 12 × 1.
Two sets of four Nd-Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnets of 0 mm were equally spaced on the circumference. 70 g of SUS304 stainless steel pin (φ1 × 5 mm) as the magnetic tool 5 and A2017 aluminum alloy disk (φ10 × 1.5
mm), a drilled one having a diameter of 3 mm was prepared at the center. Processing was performed for 10 minutes at an offset amount of 15 mm between the container 3 and the magnet 2 and a rotation speed of the rotary table 1 of 1500 rotations for 1 minute for 1500 minutes. FIG. 4 shows the result.
Thereby, it turns out that the burr | burr at the time of drilling of the workpiece 4 seen before the processing was completely removed.
Although not shown, it has been confirmed that the surface of the workpiece 4 was also smoothed from 6.8 μm Ry before processing to 4.4 μm Ry, and the surface hardness increased from 148 HV to 168 HV.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, within the scope of the present invention, the shape and material of the turntable and its rotational drive form (the drive source may be not only electric but also hydraulic or pneumatic). Non-constant speed rotation or rotation direction control may be performed by a pulse motor in order to make the tool behavior more active), the number of magnets installed on the rotary table and the arrangement of the magnetic poles (the arrangement of S and N poles) In addition, the arrangement of permanent magnets and the control of energization of the electromagnets), the variation control of the magnetic field of the magnets (fluctuation control of the magnetic field by frequency variation by controlling the number of rotations of the rotating table on which the permanent magnets and the electromagnets are installed) When an electromagnet is installed, the excitation force may be varied by random current control of the electromagnet prior to the rotation speed control, so that the magnetic field may be randomly varied and controlled.) Quality, the shape of the magnetic tool, material,
Number, shape and material of non-magnetic tool, number of materials, material of work, fixed form in container, shape anisotropy or magnetic anisotropy of the tool (by changing the magnitude and direction of magnetic force every moment, The above-mentioned magnetic anisotropy can also be increased.

[0015]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, one of the magnetically driven workpieces and tools housed in a hermetically sealed non-magnetic container is driven by a magnetic force from outside the container. Between the magnetic workpiece and the tool by performing surface finishing or edge finishing or surface hardening on the workpiece by generating relative motion between the tool and the surface of the workpiece. The finish polishing of the workpiece by the relative movement of the above can be performed by the magnetic drive from the outside of the closed non-magnetic material container, so that the clean polishing operation can be performed without the abrasive powder and the like scattered outside. Moreover, when the relative movement is in a three-dimensional direction, the polishing is promoted by the contact between the workpiece and the tool due to the more random relative movement. Also,
After the work is completed, the workpiece can be easily separated from the tool by applying magnetism.

Further, a closed non-magnetic container accommodating a workpiece and a tool, one of which is magnetic, and a rotary table having at least one magnet installed facing the container. By being arranged facing each other, with a simple structure and low-cost equipment, for example, the magnetic tools are separated from each other in pairs in the container while randomly coming into contact with the workpiece and dropping from the magnetic field By repeating suction, repulsion and random behavior in the axial direction, relative movement between the workpiece and the tool in the three-dimensional direction can be easily obtained.
Further, when the magnet is configured to be freely relocated on the rotary table, a random magnetic field can be applied to the workpiece and the tool accommodated in the container when the rotary table rotates. Furthermore, when the magnet is constituted by a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil or a combination thereof, the degree of freedom in designing the magnet to be selected is improved,
The magnetic field fluctuation is controlled by changing the exciting force by the current control of the electromagnet in preference to the magnetic field fluctuation control by the rotation speed control of the permanent magnet, thereby enabling more precise magnetic field control.

When the work is made of a non-magnetic material and the work can be fixed in a container, the work can be applied to a surface finish polishing operation on a relatively large work.
Further, when controlling the magnetic field generated by the magnet by changing the number of rotations of the rotary table or the power supply frequency to the electromagnet, it is necessary to control the magnetic force in the magnetic field in accordance with the relationship between the workpiece and the tool to appropriately control the polishing force. Becomes possible. Furthermore, when shape anisotropy, magnetic anisotropy or a ball-shaped tool is used as the tool sequentially or in an appropriate combination, the impact behavior of the tool on the workpiece becomes more random, and the polishing efficiency is reduced. improves. Moreover,
By the action of a relatively large processing force, the hardening of the surface layer, the improvement of the bending fatigue strength due to the residual compressive stress, and the smoothing can be achieved. When the magnetic tool is coated with a non-magnetic material such as a resin, or when the non-magnetic tool is coated with a magnetic material, the width of the tool material to be adopted is increased, and the degree of freedom in design is increased. And the effect on the work surface of the workpiece can be finely adjusted. Further, when wet polishing is performed by enclosing a liquid lubricant such as oil in the container, the polishing is performed smoothly, dust is suppressed, and the tool and the workpiece after the work are completed. Separation work can be reduced. Thus, according to the present invention, with a simple structure, a three-dimensional random tool behavior is realized, and a low-cost magnetically assisted polishing that enables polishing in a clean and dust-free container is not possible. A processing method and apparatus are provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a working principle diagram of a magnetic assisted working method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a first embodiment of the magnetic assisting processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a magnetic-assisted processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of surface roughness showing an experimental result by the magnetically assisted processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first conventional example of a non-magnetic tube inner surface polishing apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a barrel polishing machine as a second conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotary table 2 Magnet 3 Container 4 Workpiece 5 Tool 6 Yoke 7 Magnetic pole

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A tool driven by a magnetic force from outside of a container to generate relative movement between a tool and a magnetic workpiece, one of which is housed in a closed non-magnetic container, to move the tool to the workpiece. A magnetically assisted processing method, comprising: abutting a surface of the workpiece to finish a surface or an edge of the workpiece, or perform a surface hardening process. 2. The method of claim 2, wherein the relative movement is in a three-dimensional direction. 3. A hermetically sealed non-magnetic container accommodating a magnetic workpiece and a tool, and a rotary table having at least one magnet installed facing the container. A magnetic-assisted processing device characterized by being arranged to face. 4. The magnetic-assisted processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the magnet is configured to be relocated on a rotary table. 5. The magnetically assisted processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the magnet is constituted by a permanent magnet, an electromagnetic coil, or a combination thereof. 6. The magnetically assisted processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the workpiece is made of a non-magnetic material, and the workpiece can be fixed in a container. 7. The magnetic-assisted processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a magnetic field generated by the magnet is controlled by a rotation speed of a rotary table or a change in energizing frequency to an electromagnet. 8. The magnetically assisted machining according to claim 3, wherein a shape anisotropic, a magnetic anisotropic or a ball-shaped tool is used as the tool sequentially or in an appropriate combination. apparatus. 9. The tool according to claim 3, wherein the tool is formed by coating a magnetic tool with a nonmagnetic material such as a resin, or by coating a nonmagnetic tool with a magnetic material. A magnetically assisted processing apparatus according to any one of the above. 10. The magnetically assisted processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a liquid lubricant such as oil is sealed in the container so that wet polishing is performed.