JP2002191253A - Method for artificially cultivating shellfish - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for artificially cultivating shellfish by which a young shell of a snail such as an abalone, a turban shell and a Japanese abalone, or a bivalve such as a clam and an ark shell is efficiently grown to an adult shell, and the stable volume of the production of the adult shells is secured according to the requirement of a market. SOLUTION: The shellfish is artificially cultivated by using underground water having characteristics of having the content of inorganic nutrient salts the same as or more than that of surface seawater, and substantially not containing microbes and pathogenic bacteria, obtained from the underground at 10-50 m depth of a coral reef or the seashore connected the coral reef, and having 15-25 deg.C water temperature, as the water for the cultivation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating shellfish, particularly snails such as abalones, turtles, and fists, and bivalves such as clams and red clams.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method for artificially cultivating shellfish, particularly snails such as abalones, turtles and fistles, clams, and red clams, bivalves are artificially hatched and cultured. Young mussels (also called middle-growing mussels) in waters suitable for aquaculture
The method of aquaculture which releases spills has been carried out. The sea area from the Tohoku region to the Kyushu region has been used as an area suitable for aquaculture, depending on the type of shellfish. However, the seawater temperature in these areas is high in summer, exceeding 25 ° C, and low in winter at 10 ° C or less. Therefore, natural seawater temperature is not suitable for shellfish cultivation throughout the year and is not stable. Therefore, the average annual weight gain of the individual is only 50 g / year for the middle rearing clam. In recent years, along with the effects of marine pollution, the growth of seaweed in the coastal area has deteriorated, and the amount of fish caught by the shellfish breeding has declined remarkably. I have. On the other hand, breeding and breeding the whole period from larvae to adult mussels has not been practically performed because cultivation is for a long period of several years or more.

[0003]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to efficiently grow bivalves such as abalones, turtles, follicles and other bivalves such as clams and red clams to adult mussels to meet market demands. It is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial culture method that ensures a stable and stable production of adult shellfish.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors studied coral reef groundwater in a tropical or subtropical region in a high water temperature region in which shellfish cannot be released and cultured, and found that the content of inorganic nutrients was equal to or higher than that of surface seawater. This is substantially free of bacteria, pathogens, etc., and is 15 to 25 throughout the year.
We found groundwater with a water temperature suitable for cultivation of snails, especially abalone cultivation. When artificial culture of abalone was attempted using the groundwater, it was found that the growth rate and survival rate of the abalone from young to adult were remarkably excellent. The present invention has been completed based on these results.

According to the present invention, the following aspects of the invention are shown. (1) The water temperature obtained from a coral reef or 10 to 50 meters below the coastal corridor leading to a coral reef or a coral reef which has a characteristic that the content of inorganic nutrients is equal to or higher than that of the surface seawater and substantially does not contain bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. 15-25
A method for artificially cultivating shellfish, comprising using groundwater at a temperature of ° C. for aquaculture. (2) Groundwater with a total organic carbon content of 1.0 mg / L or less (TO
The method for artificially cultivating shellfish according to (1), wherein C) is contained, and 90% or more of the TOC is dissolved organic carbon. (3) The method for artificially cultivating shellfish according to any one of (1) and (2), wherein the temperature of the cultured water is 15 to 25 ° C. (4) Any one of (1) to (3) where groundwater is filtered
The method for artificially cultivating shellfish according to the above item. (5) The shellfish is abalone, plump or fist (1)-
The method for artificially cultivating shellfish according to any one of (4) and (4). (6) The method for artificially cultivating shellfish according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the groundwater is groundwater in a tropical or subtropical region.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The aquaculture water used in the present invention has a characteristic that the content of inorganic nutrients is equal to or higher than that of surface seawater and that it does not substantially contain bacteria, pathogens and the like. Alternatively, it is water obtained from 10 to 50 meters below the shore below the coast, and groundwater in any region may be used as long as the groundwater has a water temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. The water temperature is preferably 18-23 ° C. Such groundwater contains dissolved organic matter similar to surface seawater, but is characterized by extremely low amounts of suspended or suspended organic matter, bacteria, and plant and animal plankton. The aquaculture water used is 1.0 mg of total organic carbon (TOC).
/ L or less, and preferably 90% or more of the dissolved organic carbon. The groundwater can be used after filtering, if necessary, to remove various bacteria. In artificial culture, the groundwater is continuously or intermittently introduced into a culture tank, and shellfish, especially snails of snails are accommodated, and the water temperature is maintained at a suitable temperature for shellfish culture, usually 15 to 25 ° C, preferably 18 to 23 ° C. It is done by feeding. As the aquaculture tank, an aquarium provided on land may be used, or a depression formed on the coast may be used as an aquaculture pond or an aquaculture tank provided at sea. Supply the groundwater to the aquaculture tank as it is or after processing such as filtration. As the aquaculture water, the whole amount of groundwater may be used, or part of the groundwater may be used, and the other part may use natural surface seawater or artificial seawater. However, at least 50% of the groundwater is used.

The inflow of groundwater varies depending on conditions such as the age of the shellfish (day), cultivation density, water temperature, temperature, etc. In general, it is sufficient to supply 1 to 10 times the tank capacity / day. In addition, in order to maintain the culture water temperature in the specified range, it is possible to use the pumped ground water by appropriately varying the usage amount.
Culture water may be supplied with fresh groundwater constantly or intermittently.Circulating water in the aquarium may be circulated, and the circulating water may be cooled or heated, filtered or sterilized as necessary, and then transferred to the aquarium. It may be circulated. Cultivation of shellfish is carried out by aeration as required, and feeding of algae such as seaweed and ogonori or artificial compound feed as bait. As algae, both refrigerated and frozen products are commercially available and can be used.

[0008]

The embodiments of the present invention will be described below by way of examples. Example: A 15cm diameter seawater pumping well was drilled on the shore of Minato Kawaguchi district, Gushizu-mura, Shimajiri-gun, Okinawa as groundwater, and the depth was about 30m.
Seawater with an average water temperature of 18 ° C. was pumped out from the underground and continuously supplied to a land-based water tank at a water volume of 10% / hour of the water tank capacity. Abalone mussel 889 as a breeding test in this aquarium
Pieces (from Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture, varieties: black abalone, shell length 35-40)
mm) at a density of 1200 / ton (aquaculture water), and refrigerated and frozen seaweed (3.6 kg / day) were provided as food and cultured at a water temperature of 18 ° C. As the catch after test cultivation for 95 days, the number of shellfish picked up was 849 and the survival rate was 95.5.
%, A shell length of 65 to 75 mm, a catch of 53.06 kg, and an average individual weight of 62.5 g were obtained. On the other hand, as a control group, seawater adjusted to 18 ° C. by cooling the surface seawater was used.
A culture test was conducted on 0 sheets at a density of 1200 / ton (cultured water). As the catch after test cultivation for 95 days, 721 shellfish were picked, the survival rate was 90%, the shell length was 60 to 70 mm, the catch was 42.5 kg, and the average individual weight was 58.8 g. The same abalone larvae were bred for 1 year in a natural water bath at the culture test site in Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture. The average individual weight was about 50 g, and breeding for 1 year did not give the growth of the present invention.

[0009]

According to the present invention, it is possible to artificially cultivate young shellfish such as abalone to adult shellfish by using groundwater, especially groundwater of coral reefs. Since the artificial aquaculture method of the present invention has a constant groundwater temperature throughout the year and is in a range suitable for shellfish cultivation, it is easier to manage and requires more temperature control than conventional aquaculture methods using surface seawater. Energy can be reduced. That is, the use of groundwater allows artificial cultivation throughout the year in a natural environment without special temperature control, so that shellfish can be artificially cultivated economically. Further, the artificial culture method of the present invention can maintain the culture water at an appropriate temperature throughout the year, so that the growth rate of the shellfish is extremely high, and the shellfish uses groundwater that does not have a cause such as bacteria or pathogenic bacteria that adversely affect the shellfish. Has a high survival rate,
This is an efficient artificial culture method that is much better than the conventional culture method in natural sea areas.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (71) Applicant 500588385 Yoshito Tanaka 3-39-13 Hoshigamine, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture (72) Inventor Hiroshi Moroishi 5-10-22-401 (72) ) Inventor Katsu Imada 2415-160, Nara-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa (72) Inventor Eiichi Morihiro 1-1-1, Iwatokita, Komae-shi, Tokyo (72) Inventor Yoshitoshi Tanaka Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 3-39-13 Hoshigamine F-term (reference) 2B104 AA22 AA27 DA06 EA01 EF11

Claims (6)

[Claims] The present invention is characterized in that the content of inorganic nutrients is equal to or higher than that of surface seawater, and has a characteristic that it is substantially free of bacteria and pathogens. Water temperature 15
A method for artificially cultivating shellfish, comprising using groundwater at a temperature of -25 ° C for aquaculture. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the groundwater contains 1.0 mg / L or less of total organic carbon (TOC), and 90% or more of the TOC is dissolved organic carbon. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the culture water is 15 to 25 ° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the groundwater is filtered. 5. The method for artificially cultivating shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the shellfish is abalone, plump or fist. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the groundwater is groundwater in a tropical or subtropical region.