JP2002167793A - Bucket swing mechanism for hydraulic backhoe - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bucket link mechanism for a hydraulic backhoe that can make a vertical excavating depth L large when performing vertical excavating work of a hole, a ditch or face of slope in one working position by enlarging the reversion angle α and swing angle β of a bucket. SOLUTION: In the bucket link mechanism for the hydraulic backhoe, a satchel pitch which is a length between a first pinhole and a second pinhole provided in a support side part edge formed at the back face of the bucket is minimized, and a link pitch which is a length between a third pinhole and a fourth pinhole provided in a wrist link is maximized. The ratio of the link pitch to the satchel pitch is thereby made small, and the reversion angle αand swing angle β of the bucket are made large. Consequently, when performing vertical excavating work of the hole, ditch or face of slope in one working position, the vertical excavating depth L can be made large.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydraulic excavator having a large reversal angle α and a large swing angle β for excavating a hole, a groove or a slope by a bucket of a hydraulic excavator. The present invention relates to a bucket swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel capable of increasing a length L and performing vertical excavation even in a place where a work space is narrow.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When excavating holes, grooves, or slopes using a hydraulic excavator, it is necessary to perform vertical excavation with a bucket. When vertically excavating a hole, groove, or slope with a bucket of a hydraulic excavator, it is more advantageous to swing the bucket to the reversing side (the side opposite to the cab side) to perform vertical excavation. This is because the vertical excavation depth can be obtained. In the conventional hydraulic shovel, unless the work implement is extended (boom, arm extended), the bucket cannot swing to the reversing side (opposite to the cab side). If the bucket is vertically excavated by a certain depth L, it cannot be further vertically excavated. This is because, when the tooth of the bucket digs vertically to a certain depth L, the trajectory of the reach arc that cannot reach the vertical wall thereafter is drawn. Therefore, when the vertical excavation is performed to a certain depth L, the hydraulic excavator is in a state where the work machine is extended (boom, arm is extended), and the front hole,
It is necessary to move forward in the direction of the groove or the slope.

[0003] As the vertical groove becomes deeper, it is necessary to maintain the angle of the tooth of the bucket and to reach the vertical wall of the bucket tooth. Approach, where vertical drilling is performed for a certain depth and length. Then, because the tooth of the bucket does not reach the vertical wall again, it moves forward to approach the hole, groove or slope where the vertical excavation is performed, and performs the vertical excavation there again. In this way, a deep vertical wall can be formed in a hole, a groove or a slope. In the conventional hydraulic excavator bucket swinging mechanism, in order to allow the bucket to swing greatly to the reversing side (to secure a large reversing angle of the bucket), the working machine is extended, that is, the boom and the arm are extended. Otherwise, a large reversal angle of the bucket cannot be secured. Further, when performing vertical excavation, excavation is performed with the work machine of the hydraulic excavator extended, so that the working range tends to be long (the working space is widened).

A vertical excavation based on a swing mechanism of a conventional hydraulic excavator will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. First, a description will be given with reference to FIG. In the conventional bucket 101 by the swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel, since the angle at which the bucket 101 swings to the reversing side (reversing angle) is relatively small, even if the earth and sand is vertically cut by the teeth 101b of the bucket 101. As shown in the figure, the vertical excavation depth L is relatively short. In the swinging mechanism of the conventional hydraulic shovel, it is not possible to secure a large reversal angle of the bucket 101 in a normal posture of the work implement. To increase the reversal angle of the bucket 101 at all, as described above,
The inversion angle of the bucket 101 cannot be increased unless the work implement is extended, that is, the boom and the arm are extended. For this reason, vertical excavation is performed with the work machine extended, so that the work range is inevitably long (work space is wide). The vertical excavation with the work machine extended requires the maintenance of the angle of the tooth 101b of the bucket 101 and the reach of the boom, the arm, and the vertical wall of the bucket as the vertical groove becomes deeper. Approaching a ditch or slope, where vertical excavation is performed to a certain depth. That is, in the conventional swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel, even if the work machine is extended and then inverted, it is not possible to secure a relatively large reversal angle of the bucket 101. After excavation, the trajectory of the tooth 101b (excitable line) immediately becomes an arc and vertical excavation cannot be performed. For this reason, when forming a vertical wall having a constant depth, it is necessary to perform the forward movement of the excavator many times.

Next, the excavation of a vertical groove by a conventional bucket swing mechanism of a hydraulic excavator will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 117 denotes a hydraulic shovel described in a schematic diagram format.
The hydraulic excavator 117 is roughly divided into three parts. That is, (1) a lower traveling body 115 for moving the hydraulic excavator, and (2) an upper revolving body 116 having an operator's cab (not shown) provided on the upper left of the lower traveling body 115, (3) This upper rotating body 116
At the right side of the cabin, the bucket 1
1, a work machine including an arm 105, a boom 111, and the like. As described above, in the conventional bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic excavator 117, the bucket 101
When it is desired to secure a certain reversal angle, it is not possible to secure the work machine unless it is near the maximum reach. The work machine is in a state where the reach is maximized, that is, the bucket 10
1 is maximally inverted by the piston link 107 of the bucket cylinder 106 by maximally shrinking the piston rod 107, and the arm 105 is maximally shrunk by the piston rod of the arm cylinder 108 by maximally shrinking the piston rod 107 of the arm cylinder 108. 105 reach as much as possible, and the boom 111
When the boom is lowered, the reversal angle of the bucket 101 can be increased by contracting the piston rod. As described above, the work machine cannot secure the reversal angle of the bucket 101 to some extent unless the reach is fully extended. The working machine is in a state where the reach is fully extended and the teeth 101b of the bucket 101
Vertical excavation of earth and sand, so as the vertical groove depth increases, 深 く (L1) ⇒ (L1 + L2) ⇒
As the depth becomes (L1 + L2 + L3), the tooth 101b of the bucket 101 will not reach the vertical wall of the earth and sand unless the excavator is moved forward from (1) to (2) and from (2) to (3). Become.

As described above, when vertically excavating a hole, a groove, or a slope by the bucket swinging mechanism of the conventional hydraulic excavator 117, the vertical excavation depth L is short, so that a vertical wall having a constant depth is excavated. Sometimes excavation cannot be performed unless the number of forward movements is increased. This means that when excavating a vertical wall having a certain depth in a hole, a groove, or a slope by a conventional rocking mechanism of a hydraulic excavator, a work range in which the hydraulic excavator can move forward a predetermined number of times is provided. Means that it is not possible unless it is long (work space is large). Some work sites do not have a large work space that allows the hydraulic shovel to move forward a predetermined number of times. In such a case, excavation is performed with a small hydraulic shovel that may have a short work range (a narrow work space). Will be. However, when excavating and forming a vertical wall with a small excavator, not only does the work efficiency decrease, but also the excavation power becomes insufficient with a small excavator depending on the soil of the vertical wall, further reducing the work efficiency .

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has been developed using a hydraulic excavator.
The wide working space required for vertical drilling of deep holes, trenches or slopes can be reduced to a small working space, and the excavator requires a relatively small number of forward movements, the reversal angle of the bucket, and the swing. An object of the present invention is to provide a bucket swing mechanism of a hydraulic shovel that can secure a large moving angle and has a small working posture of a working machine.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, one end of each of left and right support sides formed on the back surface of a bucket is swung to a tip of an arm by a first pin. Movably supported, the tip end of the piston rod of the bucket cylinder and the other end of the left and right support sides formed on the back surface of the bucket are bucketed using the third pin and the second pin, respectively. A third rod and a fourth pin are used to pivotally connect the tip end of the piston rod of the bucket cylinder and the vicinity of the tip end of the arm with a straight wrist link, respectively. Then, by attaching the support portion of the bucket cylinder to the rear end of the arm and extending and retracting the rod of the bucket cylinder, the bucket is placed at the tip end of the arm on the cab side of the hydraulic shovel, Alternatively, in a bucket swinging mechanism for swinging to the opposite reversing side, a length between a first pin hole and a second pin hole provided on left and right support side portions formed on the back surface of the bucket. And the link pitch, which is the length between the third pin hole and the fourth pin hole provided on the wrist link, is made as large as possible, so that the link pitch with respect to the land cell pitch is reduced. The bucket reversal angle α,
And the swing angle β is increased.

According to a second aspect of the invention, which is based on the first aspect, the intermediate portion of the wrist link and the tip end of the piston rod of the bucket cylinder are pivotally connected by a fifth pin. The left end of the wrist link and the other end of the left and right support sides formed on the back surface of the bucket are pivotally connected by a bucket link using a third pin and a second pin, respectively. The right end of the wrist link and the vicinity of the tip of the arm are pivotally connected by a fourth pin.

[0010] A third invention mainly based on the second invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned list link is formed in the shape of "".

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, which is based on the third aspect, an intermediate portion of the wedge-shaped wrist link and a tip end portion of the piston rod of the bucket cylinder are pivotally connected by a fifth pin. At the same time, the left end of the wedge-shaped wrist link and the other end of the left and right support sides formed on the back of the bucket are bucketed using a third pin and a second pin, respectively. A link is pivotally connected by a link, and a right end of the wedge-shaped wedge link and a vicinity of the tip of the arm are pivotally connected by a fourth pin.

A fifth aspect mainly based on the first, second, third and fourth inventions
The invention is characterized in that, when the bucket is swung to the reverse side, a "recess" is formed in the upper part on the back side of the bucket to prevent the bucket link from interfering with the upper part on the back side of the bucket. And

A sixth invention mainly based on the first, second, third, fourth and fifth inventions is to increase the bucket reversal angle α and increase the bucket excavating power by using two or more bucket cylinders. Alternatively, in the case of a single bucket cylinder, the power of the bucket cylinder is increased to obtain a predetermined excavation force.

[0014]

[Function and Effect] The school bag pitch, which is the length between the first pin hole and the second pin hole provided on the support side formed on the back surface of the bucket of the hydraulic shovel, is minimized, and the wrist link is used. By increasing the link pitch, which is the length between the third pin hole and the fourth pin hole, as much as possible, the ratio of the link pitch to the school bag pitch is reduced, and the reversal angle α of the bucket and Swing angle β
Can be made larger. The smaller the ratio of the link pitch to the school bag pitch, the larger the reversal angle α of the bucket can be, and accordingly, the larger the swing angle β can be. A line connecting the center of the boom / arm connecting pin to the center of the arm / bucket connecting pin with respect to the ground line GL is set at a right angle, and at this time, the angle formed by the tooth of the bucket with respect to the ground line GL and the inversion angle α are α = The link pitch ratio with respect to the land cell pitch is set so as to be in the range of 7 ° to 25 °. According to the experiment, the point where the reversal angle α is about 20 ° corresponds to the point where the excavating force can be used effectively even if the excavating force and the bucket force are slightly reduced, and the vertical excavation work is easy to perform.

As described above, the bucket swinging mechanism of the hydraulic shovel makes it possible to increase the reversal angle α and the swing angle β of the bucket. Therefore, the number of forward movements of the excavator required for vertical excavation of a hole, ditch or slope is small, and a long working range (a large working space) is not required. Therefore,
There is less need to use small excavators to drill holes, ditches or slopes vertically. Even at a work site where the working space is not large, a large excavator can be used for directly excavating a hole, a groove or a slope by using a large excavator as it is, so that the vertical excavation can be performed without lowering the operation efficiency. It should be noted that the smaller the ratio of the link pitch to the school bag pitch, the larger the reversal angle α of the bucket can be, and accordingly, the swing angle β
The larger the swing angle β, the larger the angle of reversal to the dump side and the larger the scooping angle for swinging the bucket to the cab side. (Increase of the winding angle). When the swing angle β of the bucket is increased (the scoop angle is increased), in the excavation work, the once-scooped earth and sand is hardly spilled by involving the bucket.

[0016]

FIG. 1 is a view showing a bucket swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to a first embodiment of the present invention having a straight wrist link. First, this figure 1
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 10 denotes a bucket of a hydraulic shovel. Bucket 1
A bucket tooth 10b is provided on the front flange at the bottom of the 0, and the bucket tooth 10b excavates earth and sand. The back side of the bucket 10 has support side edges 20 and 2
0 are formed on the left and right, and the left and right support side edges 2
0, 20 is connected to the arm 50 by the first pin 20a.
Swingably supported at the tip of the. Bucket cylinder 60
The end of the piston rod 70 and the vicinity of the end of the arm 50 are pivotally connected by straight wrist links 40, 40 using a third pin 40a and a fourth pin 40b, respectively.

Also, left and right support side edges 2 formed on the tip of the piston rod 70 and the back of the bucket 10 are shown.
0, 20 and the other end of the third pin 40a,
Using the second pin 20a, the bucket links 30, 30
To pivotally connect. The support portion of the bucket cylinder 60 is attached to the rear end (root portion) of the arm 50, not shown. Bucket cylinder 60
Of the bucket 1 by extending the piston rod 70 of
0 is pivoted toward the operator's cab with the first pin 20a at the tip of the arm 50 as a support shaft.
, The bucket 10 can be swung to the reversing side opposite to the cab side with the first pin 20a at the tip of the arm 50 as a support shaft.

The bucket 10 is located at the first end of the arm 50.
Swinging to the operator's cab side or the reverse side opposite to the operator's cab with the
This operation is performed only when the movement of extending or contracting the zero piston rod 70 is transmitted to the link mechanism. Left and right support sides 20, 2 formed on the back of bucket 10
A hole for inserting a first pin 20a for swingably supporting the bucket 10 at the distal end of the arm 50 is provided at one end of the bracket 0, and the other ends of the left and right support side edges 20, 20 are provided. The portion is provided with a hole for inserting a second pin 20b pivotally connecting the lower end of the bucket link 30. The first joint of the link mechanism in the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the first embodiment of the present invention is the first pin 2
0a and left and right support side edges 20, 20 formed on the back surface of the bucket 10 having holes for inserting the second pins 20b.
Corresponds to this. Then, the left and right support sides 2
The length between the hole of the first pin 20a and the hole of the second pin 20b provided in 0, 20 is called a school bag pitch.
The second joint of the link mechanism in the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the first embodiment of the present invention is configured such that the tip end of the piston rod 70 of the bucket cylinder 60 and the bucket 1
Bucket links 30, 30 that pivotally connect the left and right supporting side edges 20, 20 formed on the back surface of the rear panel 0 with the other end using a third pin 40a and a second pin 20b, respectively. I do. The third link 40a and the second pin 20b are attached to the bucket links 30 at the second node of the link mechanism.
And a cylindrical portion are formed. The length between the hole into which the third pin 40a is inserted and the cylindrical portion into which the second pin 20b is inserted is called a bucket pitch.

The third joint of the link mechanism in the bucket swinging mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes the distal end of the piston rod 70 of the bucket cylinder 60 and the vicinity of the distal end of the arm 50, respectively. The straight wrist links 40, 40 pivotally connected using the third pin 40a and the fourth pin 40b correspond to this.
3rd straight line wrist link 4 of this link mechanism
Holes 0 and 40 are provided for inserting the third pin 40a and the fourth pin 40b. The length between the hole for inserting the third pin 40a and the hole for inserting the fourth pin 40b is called a link pitch. By the way, one pin is also used as the third pin 40a, and the tip of the piston rod 70 of the bucket cylinder 60, the upper ends of the bucket links 30, 30 at the second node of the link mechanism, and the link mechanism 3rd straight line link 4
0 and 40 are pivotally connected. In the fourth joint of the link mechanism in the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the right end of the third joint straight wrist link 40, 40 is connected to the arm 50 by the fourth pin 40b. It is pivotally connected near the tip and has a bucket 1
0 is swingably supported by the first pin 20a at the distal end of the arm 50, but a portion from the vicinity of the distal end of the arm 50 to the distal end of the arm 50 corresponds to the fourth joint of the link mechanism. . The arm 50 has a cylindrical portion into which the fourth pin 40b is inserted and a cylindrical portion into which the first pin 20a is inserted. The length between the cylindrical portion into which the fourth pin 40b is inserted and the cylindrical portion into which the first pin 20a is inserted is called an arm pitch.

The school bag pitch, which is the length between the hole of the first pin 20a and the hole of the second pin 20b provided on the left and right supporting side edges 20 formed on the back surface of the bucket 10, is minimized. At the same time as making the list link 40,
40 and the fourth pin 40b
By increasing the link pitch, which is the length between the hole and the hole, as much as possible, the ratio of the link pitch to the school bag pitch is reduced, and the reversal angle α of the bucket and the swing angle β
Can be increased. The smaller the ratio of the link pitch to the school bag pitch, the larger the reversal angle α of the bucket can be, and accordingly, the larger the swing angle β can be. Although the list links 40, 40 have been described so far as being straight, the list links 40, 40 are those that draw a gentle curve, those that draw an L shape, those that draw the shape of "he", and those that areosceles. It may be one that draws a shape like the two hypotenuses of a triangle.

In the conventional bucket swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel, the reversing angle of the bucket cannot be increased in a normal posture of the working machine of the hydraulic shovel. To increase the reversal angle of the bucket, the reversal angle of the bucket cannot be increased unless the work implement is extended, that is, the boom and the arm are extended. For this reason, vertical excavation is performed with the work machine extended, so that the work range is inevitably long (work space is wide).

Referring now to FIG. FIG. 2 shows FIG.
7 is a drawing showing a bucket swing mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to a second embodiment of the present invention in which the straight wrist link shown in FIG. Here, in the following description, those having the different numbers from FIG. 1 but having the same member names as those in FIG. 1 are assumed to have the same functions as those described in FIG. 1 unless otherwise specified. Shall understand. In the bucket swinging mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, by reducing the school bag pitch as much as possible to increase the reversal angle of the bucket and increasing the link pitch as much as possible, It was proposed to reduce the ratio of link pitch to school bag pitch. In any case, the left and right support sides 20 and 2 formed on the back surface of the bucket 10 will be described.
By reducing (shorten) the length of 0 as much as possible and increasing (longening) the length of the straight wrist links 40 and 40 as much as possible, it means that the ratio of the link pitch to the school bag pitch is reduced. . By making the straight wrist links 40, 40 as large (long) as possible, the piston rod 70 of the bucket cylinder 60 pivotally connected to the left ends of the straight wrist links 40, 40 by the third pin 40a. , And the tips of the bucket links 30, 30 project outward more, and there is a risk that rocks and the like will collide with this portion during work and break. In order to prevent such a situation from occurring, the linear wrist links 40, 40 have been changed to wedge-shaped wrist links, and the hydraulic excavator according to the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. Bucket swing mechanism.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a hydraulic shovel bucket. A bucket tooth 1b is provided on a front flange at the bottom of the bucket 1, and the bucket tooth 1b excavates earth and sand. Support sides 2, 2 are formed on the right and left sides of the back surface of the bucket 1. One end of each of the left and right support sides 2, 2 is swingable to the tip of the arm 5 by a first pin 2a. To support. Piston rod 7 of bucket cylinder 6
Of the wedge-shaped wrist links 4 and 4 are pivotally connected to the middle of the wedge-shaped wrist links 4 and 4 provided by the fifth pin 4c. The left end portion and the other end portions of the left and right support side portions 2 and 2 formed on the back surface of the bucket 1 are connected to a third pin 4a and a second
And the right ends of the wedge links 4 and 4 and the vicinity of the tip of the arm 5 are pivotally connected by a fourth pin 4b. connect.

Although not shown, the supporting portion of the bucket cylinder 6 is attached to the rear end (root portion) of the arm 5. By extending the piston rod 7 of the bucket cylinder 6, the bucket 1 is swung toward the operator's cab with the first pin 2 a at the tip of the arm 5 as a support shaft, and the piston rod 7 is contracted. The bucket 1 can be swung to the reverse side opposite to the cab side with the first pin 2a at the tip end of the arm 5 as a support shaft.

The bucket 1 swings to the cab side or the reverse side opposite to the cab with the first pin 2a at the tip of the arm 5 as a pivot. This is done only by transmitting the movement of extending and contracting 7 to the link mechanism. One end of left and right supporting side sides 2 and 2 formed on the back surface of the bucket 1 supports a bucket 1 on the tip end of an arm 5 so as to swing freely.
And a second pin 2b for pivotally connecting the lower end of the bucket link 3 is inserted into the other end of the left and right support side sides 2, 2. Holes are provided. The first joint of the link mechanism in the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment of the present invention is provided on the back surface of the bucket having the first pin 2a and the hole into which the second pin 2b is inserted. The left and right supporting side edges 2, 2 thus formed correspond to this. The length between the hole of the first pin 2a and the hole of the second pin 2b provided on the left and right support sides 2, 2 is referred to as a school bag pitch. The second joint of the link mechanism in the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes left and right ends formed on the left ends of the wedge-shaped wrist links 4 and 4 and left and right formed on the back surface of the bucket 1. Bucket links 3, 3, which pivotally connect the other end of the supporting side sides 2, 2 with the other end using the third pin 4a and the second pin 2b, respectively. The bucket links 3 at the second node of the link mechanism have a rectangular shape. Two long sides of the rectangle correspond to the link plate, and short upper and lower sides are the third pin 4a and the second pin. This corresponds to a cylindrical portion into which 2b is inserted. The left and right link plates constituting the bucket links 3 and the two upper and lower cylindrical portions are integrated. And a cylindrical portion into which the third pin 4a is inserted;
The length between the cylindrical portion into which the second pin 2b is inserted is called a bucket pitch.

The third joint of the link mechanism in the bucket swinging mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a bore 7a1 having an intermediate portion provided at the tip end of the piston rod 7 of the bucket cylinder 6, and a second joint. 5 is pivotally connected by a pin 4c, its left end is pivotally connected by an upper end of the bucket link 3, 3 by a third pin 4a, and its right end is the fourth end near the tip of the arm 5. -Shaped wrist links 4, 4 pivotally connected by pins 4b
Corresponds to this. Holes for inserting the third pin 4a and the fourth pin 4b are provided in the wedge links 4 of the third section of the link mechanism. The length between the hole for inserting the third pin 4a and the hole for inserting the fourth pin 4b is called a link pitch. In the fourth joint of the link mechanism in the bucket swinging mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the right ends of the wedge-shaped wrist links 4 and 4 of the third joint are armed by fourth pins 4b. 5, the bucket 1 is pivotally supported by the first pin 2a at the tip of the arm 5, and from the vicinity of the tip of the arm 5, the tip of the arm 5 is moved. The section up to the section corresponds to the fourth node of the link mechanism. Arm 5
Are formed with a cylindrical portion into which the fourth pin 4b is inserted and a cylindrical portion into which the first pin 2a is inserted. And a cylindrical portion into which the fourth pin 4b is inserted, and a first pin 2
The length between the cylindrical portion into which a is inserted is called an arm pitch.

The hole of the first pin 2a provided on the left and right supporting side sides 2 and 2 formed on the back of the bucket 1 and the second pin 2
b) and the distance between the holes of the third pins 4a and the holes of the fourth pins 4b provided on the wedge-shaped wrist links 4 and 4 is made as small as possible. By increasing the link pitch, which is the length of the bucket, as much as possible, the ratio of the link pitch to the school bag pitch can be reduced, and the reversal angle α and the swing angle β of the bucket can be increased. The smaller the ratio of the link pitch to the school bag pitch, the larger the reversal angle α of the bucket can be, and accordingly, the larger the swing angle β can be.

The second joint of the link mechanism in the bucket swinging mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily mean that the wedge-shaped wrist links 4 and 4 must be provided. As described in the paragraph number 0019, the list links 4 and 4 are not necessarily assumed to have only the “H” shape, but may have various shapes. As a second embodiment of the present invention, a bore 7a1 provided at the tip of a piston rod 7 of a bucket cylinder 6 and an intermediate portion of the wrist links 4 and 4 are pivotally connected by a fifth pin 4c. The list link 4,
4 and the other end portions of the left and right support side edges 2 and 2 formed on the back surface of the bucket 1, respectively.
a, pivotally connected by the bucket link 3 using the second pin 2b, and the right end of the wrist link 4, 4 and the vicinity of the tip of the arm 5 by the fourth pin 4b. I do. With such a configuration, the bore 7 provided at the tip of the piston rod 7 of the bucket cylinder 6 is provided.
a1 and the middle part of the wrist links 4 and 4 are connected to the fifth pin 4
The portion pivotally connected by c is provided inside the bucket swinging mechanism as much as possible so as to avoid any damage due to collision of rocks or the like. Therefore, the wrist links 4 and 4 may be a straight wrist link, a gentle curved wrist link, an L-shaped wrist link, a wrist link having both oblique sides of an isosceles triangle, and a wedge-shaped wrist link. Among them, the wedge-shaped list link is the most effective in avoiding damage due to collision of rocks and the like.

Next, referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the hydraulic pressure according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention in which the reversal angle α of the bucket is increased and the swing angle β is increased accordingly. The vertical excavation of a hole, a groove, or a slope by a shovel bucket swinging mechanism will be described. The bucket swinging mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the first embodiment of the present invention, which includes the linear wrist links 40, 40, also includes the wedge-shaped wrist links 4, 4, which are formed by the present invention. The bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment also increases the reversal angle α of the bucket and the swing angle β accordingly, thereby increasing the vertical excavation depth of a hole, groove, or slope. Since the basic principles of increasing L, minimizing the working space and reducing the number of forward movements of the excavator are the same, the wedge-shaped wrist links 4 and 4 shown in FIGS. The first embodiment of the present invention comprising straight wrist links 40, 40 will be described by describing the working situation by the bucket swinging mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment of the present invention. And the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the above.

First, FIG. 3 will be described. FIG. 3 is a drawing showing vertical excavation performed by a bucket swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the wrist link is in the shape of a letter "H". It is the figure which expanded and showed the part of the bucket supported swingably by the part. When a straight line SS connecting the center of the boom and arm connecting pin (not shown) to the center of the connecting pin (first pin) 2a of the arm 5 and the bucket 1 is perpendicular to the ground line GL, Tooth 1
The reverse angle α of b is set to be 7 ° to 25 °. 4
Is a wrist-shaped wrist link, and the intermediate portion and the tip end of the piston rod 7 of the bucket cylinder 6 are pivotally connected by a fifth pin. The left end of the wedge-shaped wrist link 4 is pivotally connected to the upper end of the bucket link 3 by a third pin. The lower end of the bucket link 3 and the other end of the support side on the back of the bucket 1 are pivotally connected by a second pin 2b. The right end of the wedge-shaped wrist link 4 is pivotally connected to the vicinity of the tip of the arm 5 by a fourth pin. The reversal angle α of the bucket 1 can be increased by contracting the piston rod 7 of the bucket cylinder 6. By swinging the inverted bucket 1 toward the cab side while gradually lowering the boom, the vertical excavation depth L such as a hole, a groove, or a slope can be increased. This is because the reach of the tooth 1b of the bucket 1 with respect to the vertical wall is extended by gradually swinging the largely inverted bucket 1 toward the cab side.

Next, FIG. 4 will be described. FIG. 4 is a view showing a vertical excavation performed by a bucket swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to a second embodiment of the present invention in which the wrist link has a U-shape. Reference numeral 17 denotes a hydraulic shovel described in a simplified form. The hydraulic shovel 17 is roughly divided into three parts. The first is a part of the lower traveling body 15 for moving the hydraulic shovel, and the second is a left front part of an upper part of the lower traveling body 15. The third part of the upper revolving unit 16 in which the operator's cab is installed, and the third part of the working machine composed of the bucket 1, the arm 5, the boom 11, and the like from the tip mounted on the right side of the upper revolving unit 16 to the base It is. The bucket 1 can secure a large reversal angle α by the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Although the reversal angle is examined by experiment from 7 ° to 25 °, the reversal angle is approximately 20 °.
Around is a good angle overall. Although the reversal angle is about 20 °, even if the excavating force and the bucket force are slightly reduced, the excavating force can be used effectively and the vertical excavation work can be easily performed.

The base of the boom 11 is attached to the front side of the upper revolving unit 16 by a pin so as to be able to move up and down. The boom 11 can be raised and lowered by extending and contracting a piston rod 13 of a boom cylinder 12. That is, by extending the piston rod 13, the boom 1
1 can be raised, and the boom 11 is lowered (lowered) by contracting the piston rod 13.
Can be. 8 is an arm cylinder, and 9 is a piston lot of the arm cylinder. The arm 5 can be extended or lowered by contracting or extending the piston rod 9. Reference numeral 6 denotes a bucket cylinder whose support is fixed to the rear end (root) of the arm 5. The bucket 1 can be inverted by contracting the piston rod 7 of the bucket cylinder 6. Since the vertical excavation depth L such as a hole, a groove, or a slope can be increased as described above, vertical excavation can be performed without performing a large number of forward movements as in a conventional hydraulic excavator. Also, even if the posture of the working machine is small, the reversal angle α of the bucket 1 can be increased,
Vertical excavation is possible even in a relatively narrow work space.

Referring now to FIG. FIG. 5 shows a comparison between the reversal angle α and the swing angle β of the bucket based on the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment of the present invention, compared with those based on the bucket swing mechanism of the conventional hydraulic shovel. It is a drawing. This tendency is the same as that of the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The solid lines indicate the reversal angle α and the swing angle β of the bucket 1 based on the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the second embodiment of the present invention. What is shown by the two-dot chain line is the reversal angle and the swing angle of the bucket 101 based on the bucket swing mechanism of the conventional hydraulic shovel. As the reversal angle α of the bucket 1 increases, the swing angle β increases accordingly. Bucket reversal angle α
Is large, the vertical excavation depth L can be increased at the excavation work position of one hydraulic excavator without moving forward, and when the swing angle of the bucket is large, the sediment caught in the bucket is hard to spill. Become. A line connecting the center of the boom / arm connection pin to the center of the arm / bucket connection pin with respect to the ground line GL is set at a right angle, and at this time, the angle formed by the tooth 1b of the bucket 1 with respect to the ground line GL is the reversal angle α. It is. First and second embodiments of the present invention
In the bucket swing mechanism of the hydraulic shovel according to the embodiment, the link pitch ratio to the school bag pitch is set such that the reversal angle α is in the range of α = 7 ° to 25 °. According to the experiment, the place where the reversal angle α is about 20 ° is where the excavating force can be used effectively even if the excavating force and the bucket force are slightly reduced, and the vertical excavation work is easy to perform.

When it is desired to secure a large reversal angle α even a little, as shown in FIG. 2, a "recess" is formed where the upper bucket link 3 on the back of the bucket 1 interferes.
Need to be formed. By providing this “dent”, when the piston rod 7 is contracted and the bucket 1 is turned over,
It does not happen that the bucket 1 collides with the bucket link 3. If the reversal angle α is large, the order of the forces may be reversed. That is, bucket>arm>
Normally, the order of the boom power is normal. However, if the reversal angle α is large, the order of bucket <arm <boom force may be increased. When the rank of power becomes like this,
Since vertical excavation work such as a hole, a groove, or a slope by the bucket 1 becomes impossible, the number of bucket cylinders 6 should be two or more, or the power of the bucket cylinder 6 for obtaining a predetermined excavation force should be increased. It is necessary to make the order of power normal as shown in the upper row.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention with a straight wrist link.
It is a drawing showing a bucket swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a bucket swing mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to a second embodiment of the present invention in which the straight wrist link shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a drawing showing vertical excavation performed by a bucket swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the wrist link has a shape of “H”, and in particular, the tip of an arm; It is the figure which expanded and showed the part of the bucket supported swingably by the part.

FIG. 4 is a drawing showing that a wrist link is performing vertical excavation by a bucket swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the wrist link has a U-shape.

FIG. 5 shows a bucket reversing angle α and a swing angle β based on a bucket swing mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a bucket reversing angle based on a bucket swing mechanism of a conventional hydraulic shovel; 6 is a drawing comparing a swing angle and a swing angle.

FIG. 6 is a drawing in which vertical excavation is performed by a conventional bucket oscillating mechanism of a hydraulic shovel, particularly showing a bucket portion in an enlarged manner.

FIG. 7 is a view showing vertical excavation being performed by a conventional bucket swinging mechanism of a hydraulic shovel.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 10... Bucket 1a... "Recess" formed on the back of bucket 1b 10b... Bucket tooth 2 20... Left and right support formed on the back of bucket 2a 20a... 1st pin 2b 20b... 2nd pin 3 30... Equivalent to the first joint of the bucket link mechanism of the hydraulic shovel on the side portion. 3a1... Corresponds to the second joint of the bucket link mechanism of the shovel 3a1... A cylindrical portion formed on the bucket link into which the second pin is inserted 3a2. A cylindrical portion formed on a bucket link 4 40..., Which corresponds to a third link of the bucket link mechanism of the excavator 4a 40a... 3rd pin 4b 40b. Fourth 4c ························································································ 5th pin Corresponding 5a1 ······ Cylindrical part formed at the tip of the arm into which the first pin is inserted 5a2 ······· Near the tip of the arm into which the fourth pin is inserted ... Bucket cylinder 7 70... Bucket cylinder piston rod 7a1... .... Arm cylinder 9... Arm rod piston rod 11... Boom 12. ... Boom cylinder 13 ············································································································· Hydraulic excavator described in

Claims (6)

[Claims] An end of each of the left and right supporting sides formed on the back surface of the bucket is swingably supported on a tip of an arm by a first pin, and a tip of a piston rod of a bucket cylinder and a tip of the bucket. The other end portions of the left and right support side portions formed on the back surface are pivotally connected to each other by a bucket link using the third pin and the second pin, respectively. A third pin and a fourth pin are used to pivotally connect the vicinity of the tip of the arm with a wrist link, and the support of the bucket cylinder is attached to the rear end of the arm, and By extending and retracting the rod, the bucket is moved to the cab side of the excavator at the tip of the arm,
Alternatively, in a bucket swinging mechanism for swinging to the opposite reverse side, a length between a first pin hole and a second pin hole provided on left and right support side portions formed on the back surface of the bucket. Is reduced as much as possible and the link pitch, which is the length between the third pin hole and the fourth pin hole provided on the wrist link, is increased as much as possible. A bucket swing mechanism for a hydraulic shovel, wherein the ratio is reduced and the reversal angle α and the swing angle β of the bucket are increased. 2. An intermediate portion of the wrist link and a tip end of a piston rod of the bucket cylinder are pivotally connected by a fifth pin. A left end of the wrist link and a back surface of the bucket are connected to each other. A third pin and a second pin are used to pivotally connect the other ends of the formed left and right supporting side edges with a bucket link, respectively, and the right end of the wrist link and the tip of the arm are used. The bucket swing mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to claim 1, wherein the vicinity and the vicinity are pivotally connected by a fourth pin. 3. A swing mechanism for a bucket of a hydraulic shovel according to claim 2, wherein said wrist link is formed in a shape of "H". 4. An intermediate portion of the wedge-shaped wrist link and a tip end of a piston rod of the bucket cylinder are pivotally connected by a fifth pin. The left end and the other end of the left and right support sides formed on the back surface of the bucket are pivotally connected to each other by a bucket link using a third pin and a second pin, respectively. 4. The bucket swinging mechanism for a hydraulic shovel according to claim 3, wherein a right end of the W-shaped wrist link and a vicinity of the tip of the arm are pivotally connected by a fourth pin. 5. When the bucket is swung to the reverse side, a recess is formed in the upper portion on the back side of the bucket to prevent the bucket link from interfering with the upper portion on the back side of the bucket.
5. The bucket swing mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to claim 1, wherein: 6. A bucket cylinder having two or more bucket cylinders for increasing the reversal angle α of the bucket and increasing the bucket excavation force, or a bucket cylinder having a predetermined excavation force in the case of a single bucket cylinder. Wherein the power of the device is increased.
4. The bucket swing mechanism of a hydraulic shovel according to any one of claims 4 and 5.