JP2002155697A - Cutter-bit exchange mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutter-bit exchange mechanism, by which the exchange works of a cutter bit can be conducted safely and easily at a low cost in a short time. SOLUTION: A plurality of slits 27 extending in the radial direction are formed radially to a cutter body 13 installed to a partition wall 12 at the front end section of a shield frame 11, cuter spokes 30 with the cutter bits 31 and 32 are mounted into these slits 27 relatively movably in the axial direction to the cutter body 13 respectively, a spoke retracting device 40 moving the cutter spokes 30 in the axial direction is secured in the upper-side region of the partition wall 12, and a slit open-close device 50 opening and closing the slits 27 is set up to the cutter body 13.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutter bit exchanging mechanism for safely and easily exchanging a cutter bit of a shield machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when replacing a cutter bit of a shield machine, first, a shaft is excavated from the ground near the shield machine to form an appropriate work area in front of a cutter face plate. An operator had entered the shaft from the outside of the pit, and was working to replace the cutter bit from outside the cutter face plate.

[0003]

However, in the conventional cutter bit replacement work, it is difficult to install a shaft in a place where the construction depth is deep, and it is also necessary to excavate the shaft and improve the ground in the work area. However, there are drawbacks such as a large cost and a long construction period.

[0004] In addition, in a place where the shaft itself cannot be installed, such as on the sea floor, an auxiliary construction method such as a freezing construction method is required, so that there is a problem that the construction period and cost are further increased.

Further, since the work is performed outside the shield frame, there is a possibility that groundwater may accumulate or the ground may collapse during the work, and there is a problem in safety.

Therefore, there has been a demand for an appropriate cutter bit exchanging mechanism capable of safely and easily exchanging the cutter bit of the shield machine.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to perform a cutter bit replacement operation safely and easily in a short time, at low cost and without requiring work outside the shield frame. It is to provide a bit exchange mechanism.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cutter body rotatably provided on a partition wall at a tip end portion of a shield frame, and a plurality of radially extending slits extending radially in the cutter body. Provided in these slits, a cutter spoke provided with a cutter bit is provided so as to be movable relative to the cutter body in the axial direction, and a spoke retraction device for axially moving the cutter spoke in the upper region of the partition wall. The cutter body is provided with a slit opening / closing device for closing the slit when the cutter spoke moves axially rearward.

According to this, after the cutter spoke is moved rearward in the axial direction, the slit of the cutter body is closed by the slit opening / closing device, and the cutter bit can be replaced in the cutter chamber. Further, since only the cut spokes located in the upper region of the partition wall can be moved in the axial direction, the cutter bit can be replaced even if earth and sand remains in the lower portion of the cutter chamber.

The cutter body comprises a central cutter located at an axial center, a face plate outside the central cutter, and an outer peripheral cutter outside the face plate. And the above-mentioned cut-spoke may be accommodated in guide grooves formed along the axial direction in the central cutter portion and the outer peripheral cutter portion, respectively. With this configuration, it is not necessary to provide a mechanism for radially expanding and contracting the Kata's spoke in the Kata's spoke, so that a roller bit or the like can be arranged on the Kata's spoke.

The slit opening / closing device is provided rotatably on the left and right sides of the slit, and closes the slit when rotated backward, and opens the slit when rotated forward. And a driving device for rotating the blocking plate. In this case, the earth pressure from the front of the slit acts to rotate the blocking plate backward, and the slit can be effectively blocked.

A seal ring made of an elastic body is provided at the rear end of the cutter body, and a pressing ring is provided at the front end of the shield frame so as to be movable in the axial direction, and the pressing ring is moved forward in the axial direction. The water may be stopped between the cutter body and the shield frame by being moved and pressed against the seal ring. In this way, the water inside the cutter chamber can be effectively stopped when the cutter bit is replaced.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a shield machine equipped with a cutter exchanging mechanism according to this embodiment, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
Is a perspective view showing a slit and a cut spoke, FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a spoke pulling device, and FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a slit opening / closing device.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shield machine 10 comprises a cylindrical shield frame 11, a partition wall 12 provided at the tip (left end in FIG. 2) of the shield frame 11, and a partition wall 12. 12 and a cutter body 13 rotatably provided.

A cutter chamber 14 having a certain space is defined between the partition wall 12 and the cutter body 13, and acts on the cutter body 13 by utilizing the characteristics of the muddy water flowing from the mud pipe 15 and the muddy water pressure. In addition to stabilizing the face of the face, the excavated earth and sand are mixed with mud and discharged from the mud drain 16 to the outside.

Eight intermediate beams 17 extending toward the partition wall 12 are fixed to the rear surface of the cutter body 13, and the rear ends of the intermediate beams 17 are rotatably mounted on a rotary ring provided on the partition wall 12. 18. The rotating ring 18 is engaged with a pinion 21 of a drive motor 20 attached to the partition wall 12 and is driven to rotate by these drive motors 20.

Accordingly, the rotation torque of the drive motor 20 is transmitted to the cutter body 13 via the rotation ring 18 and the intermediate beam 17, and the cutter body 13 is driven to rotate. The number of the intermediate beams 17 and the shape of the rotating ring 18 are not limited to those of the present embodiment.

The cutter body 13 includes a central cutter portion 22 located at an axial center portion thereof, a face plate portion 23 outside the central cutter portion 22, and an outer peripheral cutter portion 24 outside the face plate portion 23. The above-described intermediate beam 17 is fixed to the back of the face plate 23.

The central cutter portion 22 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and a plurality of roller bits 25 are attached to a tip portion thereof. Further, the rear end side of the center cutter portion 22 is
2 is rotatably supported via a seal member 26.

The outer peripheral cutter 24 is fixed to the outside of the face plate 23, has a cylindrical shape having substantially the same outer diameter as the shield frame 11, and has a plurality of roller bits 25 attached to its distal end.

The face plate portion 23 is fixed between the center cutter portion 22 and the outer peripheral cutter portion 24, and
3a and a back plate 23b arranged on the opposite side at a predetermined interval. Eight slits 27 extending in the radial direction are formed radially in the front plate 23a and the rear plate 23b of the face plate portion 23 to take in excavated earth and sand. In the present embodiment, the slits 27 are composed of long slits 27a and short slits 27b, and are formed alternately at predetermined intervals.

The cut spokes 30 are provided in the respective slits 27 of the face plate 23 so that they cannot rotate relative to the face plate 23 in the circumferential direction and can move in the axial direction. A tooth bit 31 is provided on both sides of the cutter spoke 30, and a roller bit 32 is provided in the center.
Is provided.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
Both ends of the cut-spoke 30 provided in the inside 7 a are respectively accommodated in a guide groove 33 provided in the inner periphery of the outer cutter 24 and a guide groove 34 provided in the outer periphery of the central cutter 22. I have. On the other hand, both ends of the cut-spoke 30 provided in the short slit 27b are bridged between the guide groove 33 on the inner periphery of the outer cutter 24 and the intermediate beam 17 located on both sides of the short slit 27b. It is accommodated in a guide groove 36 formed in the guide beam 35, respectively. The guide grooves 33, 34, 36 are respectively
The cutter body 13 extends in the axial direction. Accordingly, each cutter spoke 30 rotates together with the cutter body 13 when the cutter body 13 is rotated by the drive motor 20.

At the time of excavation, each of the cut spokes 30 is positioned at the tip of the guide groove 33, 34, 36, and the teeth bit 31 and the roller bit 32 project from the slit 27 to the ground side in front of the cutter body 13. I have.

As shown in FIG. 4, fixed cotters 37 are provided on both sides of each of the guide grooves 33, 34, and 36 to prevent the cutter spokes 30 from moving axially rearward during excavation. Have been. The fixed cotter 37 is made up of a telescopic mechanism such as a hydraulic cylinder, for example.
3, 34, 36 are configured to be able to advance and retreat inward. By causing the fixed cotter 37 to advance into the guide grooves 33, 34, and 36 and engage with the cut spokes 30, it is possible to fix the cut spokes 30 during excavation and prevent the cut spokes 30 from moving rearward in the axial direction. In addition, the fixed cotter 37 is moved to the outside of the guide grooves 33, 34, 36 to fix the fixed cotter 3.
By releasing the engagement between the 7 and the cut-spoke 30, the cut-spoke 30 can move in the axial direction along the guide grooves 33, 34, 36. Further, a stopper (not shown) is provided in front of the face plate portion 23 in order to prevent the cut spokes 30 from moving further forward from the front end of the slit 27 and coming off.

When replacing the cutter bits 31 and 32 provided on the cut-spoke 30, the spoke retraction device 40 for moving the cut-spoke 30 axially rearward along the guide grooves 33, 34 and 36. Is provided in the upper region of the partition wall 12. The spoke retraction devices 40 are provided at three places in the upper region of the partition wall 12 at intervals equal to the intervals between the slits 27 of the face plate portion 23, and the three cut-spokes 30 located in the upper region in FIG. Only one can be moved backward in the axial direction.

This is because it is necessary to remove the earth and sand from the cutter chamber 14 in order to move the cutter spokes 30, but in actuality, as shown in FIG.
Since the earth and sand 41 in the lower part of 4 may not be completely removed and may hinder the movement of the castus pork 30, only the upper part of the castus pork 30 is moved. Therefore, the spoke retraction device 40 is not limited to three places, and may be configured to move only the cut spokes 30 located at the top, or may be provided at five locations at equal intervals to provide five spokes located in the upper region. May be moved.

As shown in FIG. 5, the spoke retraction device 40 is fixed to the partition wall 12 via a spherical support 42 so as to be swingable, and has a hydraulic cylinder 43 which can move forward and backward in the direction of the face plate portion 23, and a tip portion thereof. And a gripping member 44 provided at the end. The hydraulic cylinder 43 is extended to
After engaging the gripping member 44 with a pin 45 provided at the rear end of the cut-spoke 30, the hydraulic cylinder 43 is contracted to move the cut-spoke 30 into the guide groove 3.
3, 34, 36 can be moved axially rearward. At the time of excavation, the spoke retraction device 40 may be removed from the partition wall 12 and the attachment portion may be covered.

The slit 27 has a cutter bit 3
A slit opening / closing device 50 for closing the slit 27 and stopping water in the cutter chamber 14 when exchanging the 1 and 32 is provided. As shown in FIG. 6, the slit opening / closing device 50 includes two blocking plates 52, 52 provided on the left and right sides of the slit 27 of the back plate 23 b of the face plate 23 so as to be rotatable around a rotating pin 51. A drive device 53 for rotating the blocking plates 52, 52 is provided. For this drive device, for example, a hydraulic cylinder or the like is used.

As shown in FIG. 6A, at the time of excavation, the driving device 53 is contracted, and both of the blocking plates 52, 52 are rotated forward so that the surface plate 23a is substantially perpendicular to the surface plate portion 23.
The slit 27 is opened by being housed between the rear panel 23b and the rear panel 23b.

When the cutter bits 31 and 32 are to be replaced, the drive unit 5 is changed as shown in FIG.
3 is extended and the blocking plates 52, 52 are
The slits 27 of the back plate 23b can be closed by joining the two blocking plates 52, 52 together. A frame-shaped seal member 54 is provided around the opening of the slit 27 formed in the back plate 23b. Further, a seal member 59 is provided at a portion where the blocking plates 52 are brought into contact with each other. Thereby, when the blocking plate 52 is closed, intrusion of groundwater or the like can be effectively prevented.

When the blocking plates 52 are closed, both blocking plates 52 receive the earth pressure P from the front of the cutter body 13. The earth pressure P acts as a force for rotating the blocking plate 52 backward, and the blocking plate 52 is pressed against the seal member 54 provided on the back plate 23b of the face plate portion 23, so that water can be stopped more effectively. it can.

Further, as shown in FIG.
A seal ring 55 made of an elastic body is provided at the rear end of the cover 4 over the entire circumference, and a metal press ring 56 is provided at the front end of the shield frame 11 so as to be movable in the axial direction. . The pressing ring 56 is moved forward in the axial direction by a driving device 57 including a hydraulic cylinder or the like, and is pressed against the seal ring 55, whereby the cutter body 1 is moved.
3 and the shield frame 11 can be effectively stopped.

The partition 12 is provided with a man lock 58 for an operator to access the inside of the cutter chamber.

Next, the operation of the present invention will be described.

First, at the time of excavation, as shown in FIG. 2, the cut spokes 30 are positioned at the tips of the guide grooves 33, 34, and 36, and the fixed cotter 37 is moved to the guide grooves 33, 34.
The cut spokes 30 are fixed by being advanced into the insides 34 and 36. In this state, the cutter body 13 is rotated to excavate the ground. After the excavated earth and sand is taken into the cutter chamber 14 through the slit 27 formed in the face plate portion 23, it is mixed with the muddy water sent from the mud pipe 15 and fluidized from the mud drain pipe 16. Discharged continuously.

Next, when the cutter bits 31 and 32 are worn, first, the drive motor 20 is stopped to stop the cutter body 1.
After stopping the rotation of 3 and temporarily stopping the excavation work, the sediment remaining in the cutter chamber 14 is discharged from the mud pipe 16 and the pressing ring 56 at the tip of the shield frame 11 is moved forward in the axial direction. And move the outer cutter 2
4 to stop the water in the cutter chamber 14 by pressing against the seal ring 55 at the rear end.

Next, the fixing cotter 37 for fixing the cut spokes 30 located in the upper region of the partition wall 12 is contracted to release the fixing. When the fixation of the cut-spoke 30 located in the upper region is released, the hydraulic cylinder 43 of the spoke retraction device 40 is extended, and the gripping member 44 is engaged with the pin 45 of the cut-spoke 30.
The hydraulic cylinder 43 is contracted to cut the cut spokes 30 as shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, it is moved backward in the axial direction. By doing so, a certain work space S is formed between the face plate portion 23 and the cut spokes 30.

When such a state occurs, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the blocking plates 52, 52 of the slit opening / closing device 50 are turned backward to close the slit 27, and the soil and groundwater are removed. Prevent inflow.

Further, the cutter body 13 is rotated so that the remaining cutter spokes 30 are sequentially positioned in the upper region, and moved rearward in the axial direction by the spoke retraction device 40 in the same manner as described above. Slit 27
Close up. When the cutter body 13 is rotated, the earth and sand remaining in the cutter chamber 14 is moved by the cutter spokes 30 and positioned in the gaps between the cutter spokes 30, but does not hinder the rotation of the cutter body 13.

When the cutter body 13 is rotated once, all the cutter spokes 30 are positioned rearward in the axial direction, and all the slits 27 are closed, the water inside the cutter chamber 14 is completely stopped.

Thereafter, the worker enters the cutter chamber 14 from the man lock 58, accesses the work space S beyond the cut-spoke 30 moved rearward, and accesses the work space S so that the cutter bit 3 attached to the cut-spoke 30 is removed.
The exchange work of 1, 32 is performed.

At this time, if it is difficult to replace the cutter bits 31 and 32 of the cut spokes 30 located in the lower area due to the earth and sand 41 remaining in the cutter chamber 14, the upper and lower areas are located in the upper area. After the replacement of the cutter bits 31 and 32 of the cut spokes 30 is completed, the replacement may be performed in the upper region by sequentially rotating the cutter body 13.

After the replacement of the cutter bits 31 and 32 of all the cut spokes 30 is completed, the hydraulic cylinder 43 of the spoke retractor 40 is extended to sequentially insert the cut spokes 30 located in the upper region into the guide grooves 3.
A new excavation operation can be started by moving the fixed cotter 37 to the inside of the guide grooves 33, 34, and 36 to fix the cut-spokes 30 while moving the fixed cotter 37 to the distal end portions of the grooves 3, 34, and 36.

As described above, according to the present invention, the construction of the shaft and the work of improving the ground are not required, and the cutter bits 31 and 3 are not required.
2 can be easily performed in a short time at low cost. Further, since the work outside the shield frame 11 is unnecessary, the work of replacing the cutter bits 31 and 32 can be performed safely.

Further, since only the cut spokes 30 located in the upper region of the partition wall 12 are moved, the cutter bits 31 and 32 can be reliably replaced even if earth and sand remain in the cutter chamber 14. Can be.

Further, since the cut-spoke 30 is accommodated between the center cutter portion 22 and the outer cutter portion 24, a mechanism for expanding and contracting the cut-spoke in the radial direction (for example,
It is not necessary to provide a hydraulic cylinder or the like), the space of the cut spokes 30 can be effectively used, and roller bits and the like can be arranged. If the outer cutter portion 24 is not used, a mechanism for radially expanding and contracting the cut spokes 30 in order to draw the cut spokes 30 into the shield frame 11 is required.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the illustrated one, but may be applied to, for example, a screw conveyor type shield machine.

[0050]

In summary, according to the present invention, the following excellent effects are exhibited. 1) The work of replacing the cutter bit can be performed safely and easily at a low cost in a short time. 2) Even if earth and sand remain in the lower part of the cutter chamber, the cutter bit can be replaced. 3) Roller bits and the like can be arranged in the cut spokes.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a shield machine including a cutter exchanging mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, showing a state in which the cut spokes are moved rearward in the axial direction.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a slit and a cut spoke.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a spoke pulling device.

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a slit opening and closing device in a state where a slit is opened. (B) is a schematic diagram of the slit opening and closing device in a state where the slit is closed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Shield frame 12 Partition wall 13 Cutter main body 27 Slit 30 Cutter spoke 31, 32 Cutter bit 40 Spoke retraction device 50 Slit opening / closing device

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Takashi Nakane 11-1 Kitahama-cho, Chita-shi, Aichi F-term in the Aichi Plant of Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. F-term (reference) 2D054 AC02 BA04 BB07

Claims (4)

[Claims] A cutter body is rotatably provided on a partition wall at a tip portion of a shield frame, a plurality of radially extending slits are radially provided in the cutter body, and a cutter bit is provided in each of the slits with a cutter bit. Are provided so as to be movable relative to the cutter body in the axial direction, respectively, and a spoke retraction device for moving the cutter spoke in the axial direction is provided in the upper region of the partition wall, and the cutter spoke is axially rearward in the cutter body. A slit opening / closing device for closing the slit when the cutter bit is moved. 2. The cutter body comprises a central cutter located at an axial center, a face plate outside the central cutter, and an outer peripheral cutter outside the face plate. 2. The cutter bit exchanging mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said cutter spoke is formed in a guide groove formed along an axial direction in each of said central cutter portion and said outer peripheral cutter portion. 3. The slit opening / closing device is rotatably provided on the left and right sides of the slit, and closes the slit when rotated backward, and opens the slit when rotated forward. 3. The cutter bit exchanging mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising a driving device for rotating the blocking plate. 4. A seal ring made of an elastic body is provided at the rear end of the cutter body, and a pressing ring is provided at the front end of the shield frame so as to be movable in the axial direction, and the pressing ring is moved forward in the axial direction. The cutter bit exchange mechanism according to claim 1, wherein water is stopped between the cutter body and the shield frame by being pressed against the seal ring.