JP2002129161A - Ceramic charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil-fixing agent which is used in an afforestation spray method with trees and plants conducted for the purpose of slope protection and environmental maintenance of roads, developed lands, etc., or for the purpose of final adjustment of a civil engineering job site. SOLUTION: The purpose is achieved by using a noncombustible ceramic charcoal prepared by homogeneously mixing 60-90 pts.wt. vegetable carbonization product, 10-30 pts.wt. normal Portland cement, 1-10 pts.wt. silicon dioxide, 1-10 pts.wt. aluminum oxide, 1-10 pts.wt. calcium oxide, 1-10 pts.wt. sodium sulfate, and 1-5 pts.wt. magnesium oxide.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention covers an organic substance with an inorganic substance,
The present invention relates to a non-combustible ceramic coal formed by heating in air. The present invention also provides a greening spraying method using vegetation for the purpose of protecting slopes and environmental protection of roads and lands using the noncombustible ceramic charcoal, or for final adjustment of civil engineering work sites. The present invention relates to a soil fixative used for:

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional protection construction methods such as slope construction methods include construction methods such as construction of retaining walls, mortar spraying, and greening spraying.
The construction of the retaining wall is applied to a place where a hazardous disaster such as a landslide is predicted due to the construction of a structure or topography or soil. Mortar spraying has been applied to places where greening spraying is deemed inappropriate, such as bedrock.

[0002] The greening spraying method mainly includes "seed blowing" in which fiber and seed are mixed and sprayed, "bark blowing" in which bark compost is sprayed without using soil, and "customer blowing" in which soil is mixed and blown. Greening spraying method.

[0003] Mortar spraying has been applied to rocks and slopes with strong slopes, but it degrades with time, and there is no danger of collapse over a wide area in the event of failure. Absent.

[0004] Further, water such as rain that falls on the back (mountain side) of the slope applies pressure to the slope from behind, and therefore, at a mortar spraying site, mainly,
PVC pipes protrude.

[0005] On the slope part where the pipe protrudes, a gauze layer is formed and designed to make it easy to drain water.
Soil particles are clogged inside the pipe in the time change, and many of them are not actually functioning. This is also one factor that leads to the overall collapse of the slope.

In the greening spraying, there is no soil at all in both the seed blowing and the bark blowing, and a polymer resin-based stabilizer is used as a stabilizer on the slope. At the end of the slope spraying, this glue functions with adhesiveness, but after several days, the adhesive loses its adhesiveness and easily runs off due to rain or the like. Also, since there is no soil, the germination rate and the settlement rate are low.

[0007] Therefore, in addition to the low germination rate, almost no purpose can be achieved due to runoff due to rain or the like.

[0008] In spite of the soil blow, the germination rate and settlement rate are better than the seed blow and the bark blow in the presence of soil.
Many problems remain where the stabilizer is a polymeric resin.

[0009] The general method of spraying a common customer is to put a chemical such as water, soil, bark compost, fertilizer, seeds, and stabilizer into a tank of spraying equipment called hydrosheeter or mini cleat and knead well. It is made into mud and blown to the slope with a compressor.

[0010] The sizing agent is also used as a stabilizer. However, no matter how the method of construction is changed, only the sizing agent is used without any change. Current,
The problems of widely used sizing agents are listed below.

[0011]

[0005] 1. A sizing agent is a kind of adhesive, and is used to adhere fine soil particles to form aggregates. The function of this adhesive is to adhere the soil to the slope, but it takes about three days on average for the adhesive to dry and stabilize the soil after spraying. It is vulnerable to water until stable manifestation, and if rain falls during that time, the entire spray surface will run off. 2 Soil stabilized without being washed away by rain, its effectiveness is very hard because the stabilizer is a polymer resin,
At this time, cracks are formed on the entire slope due to a large expansion coefficient. The turfgrass seeds mixed at the time of spraying can germinate only from between the cracks, so that a sparse germination situation is inevitable. 3. Since it takes about three days to obtain stability, means for fixing the sprayed soil to the slope is necessary. Therefore, a net called a lath net must be stretched so as to cover the entire construction surface. 4. In the case of spraying soil on rocks, etc., the required spray pressure is to be sprayed at a thickness of 5 to 10 mm in consideration of the elongation of the roots of the turfgrass. In the case of those thick blows, it is not possible to spray with the required thickness at a stretch. This is because the weight of soil and bark compost cannot be supported.
Therefore, it is necessary to spray two to three millimeters thick, dry it, and then spray it on it twice or three times. 5. In a snowy country, etc., when the sprayed surface is confined under snow, the glue is a type of adhesive, and the aggregation and survival of the soil is continued by its adhesive performance. In the case of snow, the adhesive component freezes and degrades, so that the soil particles cannot be retained in the spring thaw, and the topsoil that has returned to the original fine soil particles will run off with the thaw. 6 Due to the nature of the sizing agent called polymer particles, the topsoil part with a thickness of several millimeters sprayed on the slope surface is not genuine topsoil,
It becomes a kind of plastic mixed with soil. It never achieves its purpose in terms of permanent greening, since it never forms real topsoil.

The above is the feature of the paste widely used at present. It is not an exaggeration to say that in the case of the soil spraying method for the purpose of greening, all of them use a polymer-based paste.

That is, the above-mentioned problems 1 to 6 are problems of the conventional method without taking any measures. The above problems are all problems caused by the stabilizer.

The stabilizer to be considered here is a stabilizer which is strong against water and does not run off in the rain, and is fixed to the slope without using a means such as a lath net. Being able to respond to heavy blows at once.

[0015] The soil after spraying is a material that can be a stabilizer and not hardened, thereby achieving a high germination rate. In addition, an ideal stabilizer can be obtained because it is a material that does not easily break its structural structure during frost heave deterioration and can achieve permanent natural greening.

[0016]

The soil stabilizer according to the present invention comprises 60 to 90 parts by weight of vegetable carbide, 10 to 30 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 1 to 10 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate.
1 to 10 parts by weight of calcium sulfate, 1 to 10 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 1 to 10 parts by weight of sodium sulfate, and 1 to 5 parts by weight of magnesium oxide. It is.

The fixing agent according to the present invention is intended to solve the problems posed by the conventional method collectively by deviating from the idea of the pasting agent which has relied on the conventional adhesiveness.

First, a method called physical thixotropy was used to determine the strength of the muddy soil to be solved.

A situation in which vegetable carbides and various inorganic chemicals, including soil particles, are dispersed in (water) is recognized as a colloid.

Further, a colloid in which these fine particles are dispersed in water is recognized as a sol. These colloids
It is non-uniform in the sense that it contains the dispersed fine particle phase and the medium phase, and contains a large amount of sea surface energy in the solid and liquid phases inside, and thermodynamically tends to decrease the interface , Ie, the particles have a tendency to agglomerate.

When considered as a colloid, the sizing agent is a polymer solution in which colloid particles form a solution as one macromolecule, and the stabilizer of the present invention forms a solution in which the colloid particles are combined with low molecular weight molecules. It is a micellar solution.

Similarly, both the polymer solution and the micelle solution are thermodynamically homogeneous systems in an average state. When the colloid particles wrap around the solvent and aggregate, the state is called gel.

The phenomenon called thixotropy is such a property that the gel turns into a sol when stirred or shaken, and returns to the gel when left to stand.

In the use as a stable period, by making this thixotropic-like recovery as fast as possible,
It can be defined as follows: That is, the liquid is liquid when kinetic energy is given, and immediately solidifies when the kinetic energy is deprived.

This is because the sol is obtained by obtaining kinetic energy at the stage where it is agitated with the water or soil inside the tank, or is sprayed by the compressor and radiated from the nozzle. Is instantly gelled.

Instead of sticking due to the adhesiveness seen in the paste,
This fixation by thixotropy has made it possible to rapidly shorten the stabilization time. As a result, construction without a lath net was made possible, and it was possible to blow up to a thickness of about 10 mm at a stretch. It also eliminated the risk of rain spills.

The above mechanism is based on the particle shape of the ash contained in the stabilizer and the individual and synergistic effects of other inorganic chemicals. First, the porous shape of the vegetable carbide serving as the main agent works in a direction that easily causes a cross-linking effect with various other particles.

In particular, it is the aluminum sulfate which acts synergistically with this vegetable carbide that forms the thixotropic factor. When aluminum sulfate becomes a hydrated gel, it exhibits a strong adsorptive power.

This entrains the various elements co-mixed in the tank and causes warm particle binding utilizing the porous surfaces of the ash. In addition, when aluminum sulfate is mixed in the tank, it is hydrolyzed into aluminum hydroxide gel, and solidified by the action of electrolyte ions of sodium sulfate. In addition, clay dispersions, silicic acid sols, and the like are typical examples of thixotropy.

In addition, the representative thixotropic substances are all mixed in the same tank, and of course, are thixotropy that occur in a single shot, and at the same time, the effect of accelerating the thixotropy recovery by the combined effect occurs.

This rapid and surprising gelling produces perfect take-up on slopes of various angled angles and allows lath-free construction.

At the same time, since the gelled soil agent hardly absorbs the water given after being activated by the rain, it is given a characteristic that it is hard to run off even during subsequent rainfall or during construction in the rain.

Here, in addition to fertilizer and particles, the above-mentioned various inorganic chemicals are simultaneously mixed with the soil agent that has been activated, and after the activation, the carbon component, calcium, aluminum, silica, and the cement component are mutually mixed. It reacts and is stimulated by sulfates and alkali components to rapidly generate ettringite, monosulfate hydrate, calcium silicate hydrate, etc. in a three-dimensional entangled structure, involving soil particles. Express true agglomeration.

[0034] This is not a confounding agglomeration called soil particle adhesion by the adhesive component, but a conglomeration that constitutes a new mineral substance called a hydrate, in which fertilizer components mixed together are included. The fact that it gradually exudes reflects the good <fertilizer retention> added by the present stabilizer.

The hydrated product such as ettringite produced here retains water within an allowable mass range until the hydrate reaches saturation.

This reflects as <water retention> which is indispensable for vegetation.

The hydrate thus produced has a needle-like crystal structure, and water exceeding the saturation amount permeates or is drained from the micro network. In other words, not only water retention but also <water permeability> is a good material, and at the same time, this water permeability structure contributes to vegetation by improving <air permeability> of the entire topsoil except during rainfall. This leads to the activity of aerobic bacteria in the soil.

In addition, inorganic elements such as various minerals play an important role in plant activity, in addition to the three major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium. The main component of the stabilizer is a vegetable carbide.

[0039] Vegetable carbides have a history of being a plant if they go backwards. In other words, when they were growing as plants, they ingested various rare elements necessary for plant life.

[0040] In addition, due to the final heating, those elements are contained in the ash in a state of being concentrated to about 30 times. That is, no matter how thin the target soil to be naturalized is, if only three major nutrients are added, other elements required for growth are included in the components of the stabilizer.

Also, it is a porous material rich in minerals,
This is one of the conditions under which microorganisms such as soil bacteria are active.

The activity of soil fungi contributes to the fixation of nitrogen in the air, leading to the supply of nutrients necessary for permanent greening.

The above-mentioned problems are all caused by stabilizers.

The stabilizer to be considered here is a stabilizer which is strong against water and does not run off in the rain, and is fixed to the slope without using a means such as a lath net. Be able to respond to a certain amount of thick blowing at a stretch. The soil after spraying must be a material that can produce a stable and non-hardened condition, thereby achieving a high germination rate.

In addition, since the structural structure is not easily broken in the frost-like deterioration and the material can be permanently greened, an ideal fixing agent can be obtained. Conventional aggregates formed by a glue indicate a phenomenon caused by an adhesive component. However, topsoil formed by being adhered to a polymer resin can be regarded as “topsoil” coated with plastic.

The fixing agent is a material composed of an inorganic chemical called minerals, as well as carbides derived from those plants, as well as soil. Only among various stabilizers,
It is a stabilizer that forms real topsoil.

The present agent has a function as a stabilizer,
It also has various functions of agglomeration, fertilization, water retention, and erosion inhibitor.

In addition to the formation of the topsoil by the inorganic material and the accumulation of the various effects described above, the greening technology of the present invention has realized a great differentiation in the elongation of turf roots with the other agents.

The overwhelming root elongation has a great effect on rock greening. In other words, the roots elongate so as to be entangled with the unevenness of the bedrock, and as a result of the progress of greening due to the change with time, an effect is provided as if a lath net was formed.

[0050]

A slag particle and a natural earth excluding an acid soil were mixed and mixed with a long and thin paper, and water was added to prepare a paste. The composition is as follows. Newsprint paper 10 Slag particles 3 Natural earths excluding acid soil 2 Molded articles of 15 mm in diameter were made from the above-mentioned paper clay, placed in a heating device without drying, and baked by heating at 800 ° C. for 7 minutes. After being released into the air and cooled, the fired product obtained had no cracks despite rapid heating. The fired product was carbonized from the surface to the inside and was black. When it was thrown into the water, it quickly penetrated. Mushroom cultivation waste sawdust and waste paper, silica sand,
Natural earths except acid soil were mixed and water was added to form a paper paste. Mixing ratio Ogako 5 Newspaper 2 No. 5 silica sand 3 Natural earth excluding acid soil 3 Form a ball with a diameter of 10 mm from the obtained paper clay, put directly into a heating device by semi-drying, and heat up to 900 ° C in 2 minutes And fired, released into the atmosphere and cooled. The resulting fired product had no cracks and was carbonized black from the surface to the inside. When it came into contact with water, it instantly absorbed the water. Mixing ratio Activated sludge discharged from a food factory (water content 83%) 5 Slender paper shredded newspaper 5 Ogako 5 Natural earth excluding acid soil 4 The above materials were kneaded, and water was added to form a paste. After forming this into a spherical shape with a diameter of 10 mm, and completely drying at 110 ° C
Immediately, the temperature was raised to 850 ° C. in 5 minutes with a heating device, and the mixture was fired and immediately taken out. The ball obtained after the cooling was free from any cracks, and was black carbonized from the surface to the inside. The water absorption was very good when brought into contact with water. It was found that even a completely dried product had good water absorption. Mixing ratio Granules obtained by crushing the carbide of Example 4 5 Rock wool 10 Natural earth excluding acidic soil 5 Water was added and kneaded to form a paste, which was formed into a sphere having a diameter of 7 mm. Without drying, it was directly heated in a heating device and rapidly heated to 900 ° C. for firing. The ball obtained after cooling had no cracks and was carbonized completely black. A piece obtained by processing cardboard into small pieces of about 10 mm with an Ogaco manufacturing machine and mixing silica sand with the pieces was processed. Mixing ratio Cardboard sawdust 10 No. 5 silica sand 3 Montmorillonite-containing clay 5 Add water and mix to form a soft paste.
The ball was formed into a ball of about 10 mm, and the surface was immediately covered with a short fiber of rock wool having a length of about 3 mm and pressed. This compression bonding step was performed by rolling the ball on a flat surface on which short fibers were sprinkled. This made it possible to evenly coat the short fibers over the entire surface. Then immediately with the heating device
It was rapidly heated to 800 ° C for 5 minutes and fired. The ball obtained after cooling had no cracks, and the water absorption was extremely excellent.
Further, the carbon was blackened from the surface to the inside. Mixing ratio Ogako 10 Copper powder 1 No. 5 silica sand 5 Rock wool 7 Natural earth excluding acid soil 5 Add water to the above materials and mix to form a paste, 10 mm
After molding into a front and rear ball shape, a titanium oxide powder was immediately adhered to the surface, and then heated to 800 ° C. for 5 minutes with a heating device and fired, then immediately taken out and allowed to cool. The surface of the ball obtained after cooling was pure white, and the inside was carbonized pure black. The copper powder was not oxidized. There were no cracks, and the water absorption was extremely excellent. Mixing ratio Sludge 10 Glass particles (65 mesh or less) 3 Brick particles (65 mesh or less) 3 Concrete crushed particles (65 mesh or less) 3 Newspaper 10 Natural earth excluding acid soil 6 Add water to the above materials, knead and paste With and without, 10mm
It was formed into front and rear balls, dried at 110 ° C. for 10 hours, and then heated to 800 ° C. for 5 powders with a heating device and fired. The ball obtained after cooling was black carbonized from the surface to the inside. There were no cracks, and the water absorption was extremely excellent. Mixing ratio Fish offal 5 Newspaper pieces 10 Incinerator slag 5 Natural earths excluding acid soil 5 Water is added to the above materials and kneaded to form a paste.
It was formed into a ball of about 12 mm, put in a heating device without drying, and fired by heating at 750 ° C. for 10 minutes. In this example, the oil exuding from the fish offal burned and almost no fuel was required. After cooling, the resulting ball was carbonized black and had excellent water absorption. The food was processed using garbage, which consisted of rice residue, vegetable scraps, fruit peels and tea husks. Mixing ratio Garbage 10 Newspaper 15 Natural earth excluding acid soil 5 After adding water to the above materials and kneading to form a paste,
The ball was formed into a ball of about 10 mm, completely dried, put into a heating device, and heated at 900 ° C. for 10 minutes and fired. The balls obtained after cooling had no cracks and excellent water absorption. The ball was black from the surface to the inside. Compounding ratio Waste vegetable oil 3 Waste wool 5 Newspaper 10 Incinerator slag 6 Natural earth excluding acid soil 7 Add water to the above materials, knead them, and form a paste.
It was formed into a ball of about 12 mm, placed in a heating device without drying, heated at 850 ° C. for 8 minutes, fired, taken out and allowed to cool. The ball obtained after cooling had no cracks and was black carbonized from the surface to the inside. Mixing ratio Waste oil 2 Newspaper 10 Incinerator slag 5 Bentonite 6 Add the above water and knead to form a paste, then 10 mm
Molded into a ball of about
It was baked by heating to 0 ° C for 5 minutes. The ball obtained after cooling had no cracks and was black carbonized from the surface to the inside. Also, the water absorption was extremely excellent. Mixing ratio Styrofoam sawdust 2 Newspaper 10 sawdust 5 Incinerator slag 5 Bentonite 7 Water is added to the above materials and kneaded to form a paste.
Form into a 10 mm ball, put it in a heating device without drying,
It was baked by heating to 0 ° C for 6 minutes. The ball obtained after cooling had no cracks and was black carbonized from the surface to the inside. Further, the water absorption was extremely excellent. Mixing ratio Rock wool 10 No. 6 silica sand 5 20% sugar water 10 Natural earth excluding acid soil 3 After kneading the above ingredients to form a paste, form into a ball of about 10 mm, and dry it to a heating device Put and heat for 6 minutes. At this time, the surface temperature of the ball reached about 700 ° C. The ball obtained after cooling had no cracks and had extremely excellent water absorption. When the ball was broken, it was dark black from the surface to the inside. The ball was not oxidized when heated to 600 ° C. for 20 hours. Mixing ratio Newspaper 10 Food leftovers 10 Slag flour 5 Natural earth excluding acid soil 5 The contents of the wastes are tempura, burgers, noodles, meat,
Boiled rice, vegetables and other miscellaneous materials were used by pulverizing the same into a slurry. This was kneaded with the above-mentioned material to form a paste, then formed into a ball of about 10 mm, placed in a heating device without drying, and heated to 800 ° C. for 5 minutes to fire.
The ball obtained after cooling had no cracks and was black carbonized from the surface to the inside. Further, the water absorption was extremely excellent. During baking, the residual oil burned, which reduced baking fuel efficiency.

Mixing ratio Small pieces for recording paper 10 sawdust 5 perlite particles 5 β-starch starch 2 α-starch starch 1 dextrin 1 water-soluble saccharide 1 natural earth excluding acid soil 2 water-soluble saccharide was used after being dissolved in water. After kneading the above materials to form a paste, it is molded into a ball of about 10 mm,
It was completely dried, put into a heating device, heated to 800 ° C. in 6 minutes, fired, and taken out. The ball obtained after cooling was dark black throughout from the surface to the inside. The surface of the carbide was very fine and active. The water absorption was also very good. It is considered that α, β starch, dextrin, and water-soluble saccharide were carbonized in association with natural earths other than acidic soils, and the surface area was increased. The ball was not oxidized when heated to 700 ° C. for 50 hours. Mixing ratio Firgrass 10 Newspaper 5 No. 5 silica sand 5 20% water-soluble saccharide water 10 Natural earth excluding acid soil 5 Firgar was used as fine particles with a crusher. After water was added to the above-mentioned material and kneaded to form a paste, the mixture was formed into a ball of about 10 mm, completely dried, placed in a heating device, heated for 5 minutes, fired, taken out, and allowed to cool. The ball obtained after cooling had no cracks and had extremely excellent water absorption. Black was carbonized from the surface to the inside. It was confirmed that the fibers were replenished by using crushed fir and the use of paper, and that cracking did not occur even if the use of paper was reduced. Also,
It was found that firgrass had an effect of suppressing shrinkage during firing. As a result, it was found that the water retention increased. Mixing ratio Coral grains with an average of 5 mm 5 Newspaper pieces 5 Ogako 2 Natural earths excluding acid soil 2 Add water to the above materials and knead them to form a paste,
It was formed into a ball shape of about 15 mm, put in a heating device without drying, and heated to 800 ° C. in 5 minutes for firing. White particles of coral were exposed on the surface of the ball obtained after cooling, and the water absorption was extremely good. Water purification was very effective.

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Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A non-combustible ceramic coal obtained by kneading an organic substance and an inorganic substance and heating the mixture in the air. 2. 60 to 90 parts by weight of vegetable carbide, 10 to 30 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 1 to 10 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 1 to 10 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 1 to 10 parts by weight of calcium oxide
2. The ceramic coal according to claim 1, which is obtained by uniformly mixing 均一 10 parts by weight, 1-10 parts by weight of sodium sulfate and 1-5 parts by weight of magnesium oxide. 3. A soil stabilizer for greening spraying comprising the ceramic char.