JP2002129159A - Chemical agent for enabling continuous cultivation and method for using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a chemical agent which, if added in a soil, enables the soil to sustain continuous cultivation without any harmful influence given to human body, and provide a method for using the agent. SOLUTION: The chemical agent includes a tannin. The method comprises adding the agent in a soil to enable the soil to sustain continuous plants. A condensed tannin is preferable for this purpose. The tannin is added in a rate of 0.2-2% relative to the soil.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drug capable of continuously cropping crops and a method of using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is likely that continuous cropping failure of vegetables extends to all kinds of vegetables such as leafy vegetables, root vegetables and fruit vegetables, and the cause is caused by physical and chemical changes and malignant soil bacteria and nematodes. It is considered a wide variety of things. Although the data is a bit old, the Ministry of Agriculture and Agriculture in 1972 conducted a questionnaire survey on repeated cropping failures in each prefecture. The results of a survey of crops with repeated cropping failures and their causes: Soil damage to vegetables: Akira Matsuda, Published by Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Village Cultural Association (June 1978
Quoting the third issue of the month), it is the content shown in Table 1, and it is said that there are 65 kinds of crops including watermelon and most of the main vegetables are included.

[0003]

[Table 1]

The method of preventing or reducing continuous cropping failure depends on the purpose. For example, if it is a physical cause, a soil conditioner is used, or acidified soil is neutralized with slaked lime to produce vegetables. There is a method to reduce the disability by adjusting the conditions for normal growth. Chlorpicrin and methyl bromide are mainly used for controlling soil fungi and nematodes.

[0005] As described above, the main causes of continuous cropping failure are due to soil fungi and nematodes. As a countermeasure against these, the use of the above-described anthelmintic agent or the use of resistant varieties or crops which are less likely to cause nematode damage. Crop rotation is being done.
However, the use of anthelmintics has a detrimental effect on the human body, and rotations tend to reduce land availability.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to propose a drug which can be continuously cropped by being incorporated into soil without adversely affecting the human body, and a method of using the same.

[0007]

Means and Action for Solving the Problems In recent years, Hayashi @ Japan Soil Fertilizer Science Volume 68 No. 123-130p (199)
7) As a result of trial using phenolic acid contained in upland rice to examine the effect of reducing burdock continuous cropping disorder,｝ was able to reduce continuous cropping failure with β-coumaric acid and ferulic acid, which have high growth effects. . We also focused on soil bacteria and nematodes, which are thought to be the main causes of continuous cropping failure in a short period of time, and examined the possibility of reducing continuous cropping failure using tannins that have a mild bactericidal action.

[0008] Tannins include hydrolyzable tannins and condensed tannins, are contained in various tissues and organs of plants, and are distributed from seaweed to higher plants. Relatively limited, present in flowering flower plants, condensed forms have been found in most tree plants. Ecologically, tannins are presumed to be chemical defense agents that help plants protect themselves from foreign enemies such as microorganisms, insects, birds and small animals.

[0009] As a result of the study, it was found that planting in a soil containing tannin can reduce the damage caused by continuous cropping. The present invention is based on such a finding. The tannin used in the present invention can be used in any of a hydrolyzable type and a condensed type. However, since the hydrolyzable tannin is generally low in the effect of reducing continuous cropping failure and has a small effective compounding range, the use of the condensed tannin is not limited. But this is good.

The method of blending tannin into soil is not particularly limited, and any method can be used as long as fine tannin powder and soil are blended uniformly. The mixing ratio of tannin to the soil is at least 0.1% by weight based on the soil, and a large amount of the tannin is not preferable because it inhibits the effect of reducing the continuous cropping of the plant to be planted. The optimum blending amount varies depending on the type of plant to be used, and can be appropriately selected. In general, the blending amount is in the range of 0.1 to 2%. If it exceeds 2%, continuous crop failure is not improved.

The tannin can be used in the form of a powder or an aqueous solution. The period of time until the tannin is added to the soil and then planted is not particularly limited. No differences are observed.

[0012] The drug used may contain, in addition to tannin, a drug generally used for plant growth, but use of tannin with heavy metal salts should be avoided since tannin easily forms an insoluble complex with heavy metal. Is preferred.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by specifically showing a case where Kevracho tannin is used as tannin and eggplant is used as a planting plant.

[Examples] As target vegetables, eggplants were selected, which are easily accessible to seedlings, and are said to preferentially parasitize nematodes. It is necessary to take several years for the test, but in the case of burdock, there are cases where the yield is reduced by 16% for 2 years of continuous cropping and 23% for 3 years of continuous cropping. Therefore, we compared the number of eggplant seeds cultivated by adding tannin to soil cultivated for one year and the number of eggplant seeds in the case of non-added soil, and explored the possibility of reducing tannin continuous cropping failure. This test was conducted from 1999 to 2000.

(I) Soil, tannin, fertilizer, equipment, etc. (1) Soil: Commercially available planttan soil (purchased at Takayoshi Isehara store in 1999, unused soil used in 2000 was purchased at the same time) (2) Red ball: (medium grain) (3) Tannin: Quebracho tannin (condensed type, produced in Argentina, sold by Kawamura Shoten KK, Taito-ku, Tokyo) (4) Fertilizer: i) Fully ball (granular) @ Mitsui Agribusiness KK sales, all N10 (ammonia 2)
Soluble phosphoric acid 10 (Water soluble 2), Water soluble K10, Soluble magnesia 1｝ ii) Commercial compound fertilizer (Takayoshi Isehara store in Heisei 11)
(5) Fungicide: Ventrate wettable powder (manufactured by DuPont K)
K, sales Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. KK) was used alone or mixed with Sumithion as a 2000-fold suspension. (6) insecticide: i) carphos (manufactured by Sankyo KK), and i
i) A 1000-fold diluted solution of Sumithion (Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. KK) was used, and Sumithion was used alone or mixed with a ventrate wettable powder. (7) Cultivation container: Plantin (internal method, 58 × 18.5 ×
(16 cm) (8) Prop: Iron pipe covered with synthetic resin (commercially available, length 120 cm) (9) Measuring instrument: Precision balance (100 g)

(II) Preparation of test soil (1) First year use and second year test, control 1 soil: Plantan soil purchased on May 1, 1999 was used. (2) Test soil: As shown in Table 2, Plantan No. used in the first year 1, 2, and 3 used soils were weighed while still containing water. Printemps No. The sample from No. 1 was used as it was in Control 2 without tannin, and
o. 2 and No. Tests 1 and 2 were obtained by adding 0.5 and 1% of tannin to those from No. 3.

[0016]

[Table 2]

(III) Preparation and progress of the test (1) Eggplant cultivation in the first year and results (transplanted on May 1, 1999) This cultivation was carried out in order to obtain an impaired soil for this test. Prepare three rectangular printtans, place the soil for the printtans in a thickness of about 5 cm on the childboard of each printtan, and place two eggplant seedlings at appropriate intervals on top of it, 9 minutes deep from the surroundings Cultivation was started by putting the soil up to the position and transplanting. The temperature through cultivation is about 5:30 to 8/18, and the temperature from about 4:30 to 18:30 is about 7.3 to 33.
2 ° C., approximately 4:30 from 8/18 to 11/21
Approximately 18.5-35.8 ° C between 19: 0. During the cultivation, as shown in Table 3, fertilization and spraying of insecticide were performed.

[0018]

[Table 3]

(Results) Except for the extremely small eggplant, the average fruit set in the control plot and the test plot is shown in Table 4 below.

[0020]

[Table 4]

(2) Test for reducing continuous cropping failure i) Preparation and cultivation test Prepare the new plantin shown in (I)-(7),
Control 1 was obtained using plantan soil that had been purchased for one year. Control 2, Test 1 and Test 2 soil
The soil used for the one year test was used. The composition of the test soil is as shown in Table 2. Former Plantin No. In the soil of No. 1, no tannin was added and Control 2 was used. 2
And No. Each of the 3 spent soils contains 0.5 of tannin.
% And 1% were added, and the test was performed as soil for Test 1 and Test 2.

For eggplant transplantation, as shown in FIG. 1, a red ball (medium grain) (2) is laid on the bottom cage (1) of each plantin (7), and vermilion used and used soil and used soil are placed thereon. 1.3 kg of each soil (3) to which tannin was added, and 50 g of each compound fertilizer (4) was sprayed thereon as a part of the original manure, and 0.7 kg of each soil (3) was covered thereon. Place two eggplant seedlings (5) on each of them at appropriate intervals, cover the roots with the remaining soil, and place 30 g of compound fertilizer (4) on top.
For 3 minutes to complete fertilization.

After transplantation, from April 30, 2000 to Heisei 1
The cultivation was carried out for two days on August 17 (110 days). The temperature during that time is about 12-29 ° C in the morning (4: 30-7: 00),
About 19.2-38.2 at noon (11: 30-13: 30)
° C, about 16.1-29.5 in the evening (17: 0-19: 0)
° C. During cultivation, topdressing was performed as shown in Table 5, and insecticides and fungicides were sprayed with a single liquid or a mixed liquid.

[0024]

[Table 5]

Ii) Judgment Criteria The average fruiting number (50 g) of each of the two eggplant trees in the control and test plots
Above), and the total average weight of the eggplant was determined and compared.

Iii) Results The average fruit set and the total average weight of the control group and the test group were as shown in Table 6. In other words, the number of fruits set for two consecutive years of Control 2 was found to be impaired in about 38% of the number of fruits grown on unused soil in Control 1, and the number of fruits in Test 1 with 0.1% tannin-added soil was as follows: In 92% of the cases of the control 1, it was recognized that tannin had an effect of reducing continuous cropping disorders.

[0027]

[Table 6]

[0028]

According to the present application using tannin, tannin is a substance present in natural plants, is harmless, is easily used because it has been used for various purposes, and is easily mixed with soil. It can be said that this is a preferable agent and method for reducing continuous crop failure, because the failure due to continuous cropping can be alleviated only by performing the method and does not have an adverse effect as in the conventional method.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a plantain used in an embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (1) Ukonoko (2) Akadama (3) Unused soil or tannin-added soil (4) Compound fertilizer (5) Eggplant seedling (7) Plantin

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A drug capable of continuous cropping, characterized by containing tannin. 2. The drug according to claim 1, wherein the tannin is a condensed tannin. 3. The drug according to claim 2, wherein the condensed tannin is kebracho tannin. 4. Use of a drug capable of continuous cropping, characterized by incorporating a tannin-containing drug into soil. 5. Use according to claim 4, wherein the tannin-containing drug is the drug according to claim 2 or 3. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the amount of tannin in the soil is at least 0.1% by weight of the soil. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the amount of the tannin in the soil is 0.2 to 2% by weight based on the soil.