JP2002115829A - Method for waste treatment and gasification and melting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a melt combustion method and apparatus, in which combustibles such as waste and coal are gasified, and gas containing a great amount of combustibles is generated, of which ash can be melted by self heat quantity. SOLUTION: Waste is gasified in a fluidized bed furnace 2, ash is melted in a melting furnace. A circulation flow of a fluidized medium is formed in the furnace 2. Waste is fed to the furnace 2, gasified to form gas and char. The gas and char are discharged from the furnace 2 and fed to a melting furnace 41 and burned, and the ash is melted. The heat is collected from the gas discharged from the melting furnace in a waste-heat boiler.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for gasifying combustibles in a fluidized-bed furnace, and combusting generated combustible gases and fine particles at a high temperature in a melting and burning furnace to melt ash.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, it has been desired to incinerate a large amount of waste such as municipal waste and waste plastics to reduce the amount of waste, and to effectively utilize the heat of incineration. Since waste incineration ash usually contains harmful heavy metals, it is necessary to take measures such as solidifying heavy metal components in order to treat incineration ash by landfill. In order to cope with these problems, there has been proposed a solid combustion method and apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-35004. In the combustion method disclosed in this publication, a solid material is pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and pyrolysis products, that is, combustible gas and particles are introduced into a cyclone combustion furnace. In the cyclone combustion furnace, flammable components are burned with high load by pressurized air, and the ash collides with the wall surface due to the swirling flow, melts and flows down the wall surface, becomes molten slag, drops from the discharge port to the water chamber, and is solidified .

In the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-35004, since the entire fluidized bed is in an active fluidized state, a large amount of unreacted combustibles are scattered out of the furnace along with the generated gas, so that high gasification is required. There were disadvantages such as inefficiency. Conventionally, as a gasification raw material that can be used in a fluidized bed furnace,
In the case of coal and the like, it has been a fine coal having a particle size of 0.5 to 3 mm, and in the case of waste, it has been a finely crushed product of several tens of mm. If it is larger than this, fluidization will be hindered, and if it is smaller than this, it will not be completely gasified and will be scattered out of the furnace together with the generated gas as unreacted combustibles. Therefore, in conventional fluidized bed furnaces, it is essential to pre-crush and size using a pulverizer or the like as a pretreatment before charging the gasification raw material into the furnace, and the particle size does not fall within a predetermined range. Gasification feedstock was not available and yields had to be sacrificed to some extent.

[0004] To solve the above problem, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
No. 47692 has proposed a fluidized-bed gasification method and a fluidized-bed gasification furnace. In the fluidized-bed gasification method disclosed in this publication, the horizontal cross section of the furnace is rectangular, and the mass velocity of the fluidizing gas ejected upward from the center of the furnace bottom into the furnace is 2% of the furnace bottom.
The mass velocity of the fluidizing gas supplied from the two side edges is made smaller, and the upward flow of the fluidizing gas is diverted to the center of the furnace above the bottom edge of the furnace, and the flowing medium settles in the center of the furnace. A bed is formed, and a fluidized bed in which a fluidized medium is actively fluidized is formed on both side edges of the furnace, and combustibles are supplied to the moving bed. The fluidizing gas is a mixture of air and steam or a mixture of oxygen and steam, and the fluidizing medium is quartz sand.

However, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 2-14769 discloses
The method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2 has the following disadvantages. That is, (1) In the entire moving bed and the fluidized bed, a gasification endothermic reaction and a combustion reaction occur simultaneously, and volatile components that are easily gasified are gasified and burned at the same time, and fixed carbon (char) and tar components that are difficult to gasify are burned. And the like are scattered out of the furnace as unreacted substances together with the produced gas, and high gasification efficiency cannot be obtained. (2) When the product gas is burned and used in a combined steam and gas turbine power plant, it is necessary to use a pressurized fluidized bed furnace. Have difficulty. The preferred gasifier internal pressure is determined by the application of the product gas. When it is used as a general combustion gas, it may be about several thousand mmAq. However, when it is used as a fuel for a gas turbine, several kgf / cm ² or more is required. When it is used as a fuel, it is appropriate to have a dozen or more kgf / cm ² or more.

In the treatment of waste such as municipal solid waste, reduction of the amount of combustible waste by combustion still plays an important role. In addition to this, in recent years, measures against dioxin, detoxification of dust, energy recovery have been taken. There is an increasing need for environmentally friendly waste management technologies such as improved efficiency. The amount of incineration of municipal waste in Japan is about 100,000 tons / day, and the energy of all municipal waste corresponds to about 4% of the power consumption of Japan. At present, the energy utilization rate of municipal solid waste is only about 10%. However, if the utilization rate can be increased, the consumption of fossil fuel will be reduced accordingly, which can contribute to the prevention of global warming.

[0007] However, current incineration systems include the following problems. That is, there is a problem of corrosion due to HCl, and power generation efficiency cannot be increased. HCl, NOx,
Pollution prevention equipment for SOx, mercury, dioxin, and the like has become complicated, and costs and space have increased. Due to the strengthening of laws and regulations and the difficulty of land at the final disposal site, the installation of incineration ash melting equipment is increasing, but this requires the construction of another equipment and consumes a large amount of electric power. Expensive equipment is required to remove dioxin.
It is difficult to recover valuable metals.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and
Processing method and gasification capable of efficiently generating combustible gas containing a large amount of combustibles from waste such as waste plastic and combustibles such as coal, and melting the combustion ash by the self-caloric value of the generated combustible gas And a melting device. In the present invention, the generated gas supplied to the melting furnace has a sufficient amount of heat to generate a high temperature of 1300 ° C. or more by its own heat, and is made to be a homogeneous gas containing char and tar. The incombustible substances are discharged from the gasifier without any trouble. Another object of the present invention is to provide a gasification method and apparatus capable of extracting and recovering valuable metals in waste from a fluidized bed furnace in a reducing atmosphere without being oxidized. Further objects of the present invention will become apparent in the description of embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, one embodiment of the gasification and melting apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for melting ash contained in gas after gasifying waste. A fluidized bed furnace for gasifying waste, the fluidized bed furnace comprising a fluidized gas supply means for supplying a fluidized gas into the furnace, forming a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace; A gas and char produced by gasifying the waste supplied into the furnace, and a melting furnace for melting the ash, wherein the melting furnace burns the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace and burns the ash. And a waste heat boiler for recovering heat from gas discharged from the melting furnace. Here, an economizer is provided downstream of the waste heat boiler. Further, the steam generated by the waste heat boiler is supplied to a steam turbine.

Another embodiment of the gasification and melting apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for melting ash contained in gas after gasifying waste, comprising a fluidized bed furnace for gasifying waste. The fluidized-bed furnace is provided with fluidizing gas supply means for supplying a fluidizing gas into the furnace, forms a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, gasifies the waste supplied into the furnace, and converts the waste into a gas. A melting furnace for generating char and melting ash; the melting furnace burns the gas discharged from the fluidized-bed furnace and the char to melt ash, and heats the gas discharged from the melting furnace; And an air preheater for recovering the air. Here, the air heated by the air preheater is supplied to the melting furnace. Further, the air heated by the air preheater,
The fluidized bed furnace is supplied.

[0011] Still another embodiment of the gasification and melting apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for melting ash contained in gas after gasifying waste, comprising a fluidized bed furnace for gasifying waste. The fluidized-bed furnace includes a fluidizing gas supply unit that supplies a fluidizing gas into the furnace, forms a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, and gasifies the waste supplied into the furnace. A melting furnace for generating gas and char and melting the ash; the melting furnace burns the gas discharged from the fluidized bed furnace and the char to melt the ash, and discharges the gas discharged from the melting furnace; Is supplied to the scrubber.

[0012] Still another aspect of the gasification and melting apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for melting ash contained in gas after gasifying waste, comprising a fluidized bed furnace for gasifying waste. The fluidized bed furnace is provided with a fluidizing gas supply means for supplying a fluidizing gas into the furnace, forms a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, and gasifies the waste supplied into the furnace to produce a gas. The fluidized bed furnace is provided with an incombustible discharge port, discharges the incombustible substance and the fluid medium contained in the waste from the incombustible substance outlet, and after separating the incombustible substance and the fluid medium, The fluidized medium is returned to the fluidized bed furnace, and a melting furnace for melting ash is provided.The melting furnace burns the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace to melt the ash, and melts the ash. A gas cooler for cooling the discharged gas is provided.
Here, water is sprayed on the gas by the gas cooler.

[0013] Still another embodiment of the gasification and melting apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for melting ash contained in gas after gasifying waste, comprising a fluidized bed furnace for gasifying waste. The fluidized-bed furnace includes a fluidizing gas supply unit that supplies a fluidizing gas into the furnace, forms a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, and gasifies the waste supplied into the furnace. A melting furnace for generating gas and char and melting the ash; the melting furnace burns the gas discharged from the fluidized bed furnace and the char to melt the ash, and discharges the gas discharged from the melting furnace; And a neutralizing agent is added thereto. Here, dust in the gas discharged from the melting furnace is removed by a dust collector.

[0014] Still another embodiment of the gasification and melting apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for melting ash contained in gas after gasifying waste, comprising a fluidized bed furnace for gasifying waste. The fluidized-bed furnace includes a fluidizing gas supply unit that supplies a fluidizing gas into the furnace, forms a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, and gasifies the waste supplied into the furnace. A melting furnace for generating gas and char and melting the ash; the melting furnace burns the gas discharged from the fluidized bed furnace and the char to melt the ash, and discharges the gas discharged from the melting furnace; And a reaction tower for adding a neutralizing agent to the mixture.

Here, the neutralizing agent is added as a slurry. Further, the fluidized-bed furnace is provided with an incombustible discharge port, discharges the incombustible substance and the fluid medium contained in the waste from the incombustible substance exhaust port, and separates the incombustible substance and the fluid medium after separating the fluid medium. Return to the fluidized bed furnace.

One aspect of the method for treating waste according to the present invention is a method for melting ash in a melting furnace after gasifying the waste in a fluidized bed furnace. Forming a stream, supplying the waste to the fluidized bed furnace, gasifying to produce gas and char, supplying the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace to the melting furnace, The method is characterized in that the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace are burned in a melting furnace to melt ash, and the gas discharged from the melting furnace recovers heat in a waste heat boiler.

Another aspect of the waste treatment method of the present invention is as follows.
In a method of melting ash in a melting furnace after gasifying waste in a fluidized bed furnace, a circulating flow of a fluidized medium is formed in the fluidized bed furnace, and the waste is supplied to the fluidized bed furnace. To produce gas and char by gasification, and supply the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace to a melting furnace, and the gas discharged from the fluidized bed furnace and the char in the melting furnace. Is burned to melt the ash, and the air discharged from the melting furnace is heated by an air preheater.

Still another aspect of the method for treating waste according to the present invention is a method of melting ash in a melting furnace after gasifying the waste in a fluidized bed furnace. Is formed, and the waste is supplied to the fluidized-bed furnace, gasified to produce gas and char, and the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized-bed furnace are supplied to a melting furnace. The gas and the char discharged from the fluidized-bed furnace are burned in a melting furnace to melt ash, and water is preheated by an economizer using the gas discharged from the melting furnace.

Still another aspect of the waste treatment method of the present invention is a method of melting ash in a melting furnace after gasifying the waste in a fluidized bed furnace. Is formed, and the waste is supplied to the fluidized-bed furnace, gasified to produce gas and char, and the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized-bed furnace are supplied to a melting furnace. The gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace are burned in a melting furnace to melt ash, and the gas discharged from the melting furnace is cooled by water spray in a gas cooler. .

Still another aspect of the method for treating waste according to the present invention is a method for melting ash in a melting furnace after gasifying the waste in a fluidized bed furnace. Forming a circulating flow, supplying the waste to the fluidized bed furnace, gasifying to produce gas and char, supplying the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace to the melting furnace, The gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace are burned in the melting furnace to melt ash, and a neutralizing agent is added to the gas discharged from the melting furnace to remove HCl. .

Here, the incombustible material and the fluid medium contained in the waste are discharged from the bottom of the fluidized bed furnace, and after separating the incombustible material and the fluid medium, the fluid medium is returned to the fluidized bed furnace. . After the neutralizing agent is added to the gas discharged from the melting furnace, dust in the gas is removed.

In the present invention, combustibles are gasified into combustible gas in a fluidized bed furnace. In the method of the present invention, the horizontal section of the fluidized bed furnace is made substantially circular, and the fluidizing gas supplied to the fluidized bed furnace is supplied from the vicinity of the central portion of the furnace bottom to the central fluidizing gas and the periphery of the furnace bottom supplied to the furnace. And the mass velocity of the central fluidizing gas is made smaller than the mass velocity of the peripheral fluidizing gas. Is turned by the inclined wall toward the center of the furnace, whereby a moving bed in which the flowing medium (usually silica sand) is settled and diffused is formed in the center of the furnace, and the moving layer flows around the furnace. A fluidized bed in which the medium is actively fluidized is formed, and the flammable gas supplied into the furnace is circulated with the combustible gas while circulating with the fluidized medium from the bottom of the moving bed to the fluidized bed and from the top of the fluidized bed to the moving bed And the oxygen content of the central fluidizing gas is Or less oxygen content of sides fluidizing gas, temperature of the fluidized bed 450-6
Maintained at 50 ° C.

In the present invention, the central fluidizing gas is one of three gases: steam, a mixture of steam and air, and air. In addition, the peripheral fluidizing gas is one of three types of gas: oxygen, a mixed gas of oxygen and air, and air. Therefore, there are nine combinations of central fluidizing gas and peripheral fluidizing gas, as shown in Table 1. Which combination is selected depends on whether importance is placed on gasification efficiency or economic efficiency.

[0024]

[Table 1] The combination with the highest gasification efficiency is No. Although the combination is 1, the cost is high because of the large amount of oxygen consumption. In order of decreasing oxygen consumption and then water vapor consumption, gasification efficiency decreases, but cost also decreases. The oxygen used in the present invention may be of high purity or of low purity obtained using an oxygen-enriched membrane. No. The combination of air and air of No. 9 is known as combustion air of a conventional incinerator. However, in the present invention in which the horizontal section of the fluidized bed furnace is circular, the downward projection of the inclined wall provided above the peripheral portion in the furnace is performed. Since the area is larger than the projected area below the inclined wall when the horizontal cross section of the fluidized bed furnace is rectangular, the flow rate of the peripheral fluidizing gas can be increased, and therefore the oxygen supply amount can be increased, so that the gasification efficiency is improved. Can be done.

Preferably, the method of the present invention further includes an intermediate fluidizing gas in which the fluidizing gas is supplied into the furnace from a middle portion of the bottom between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the bottom. The mass velocity of the intermediate fluidizing gas is between the mass velocity of the central fluidizing gas and that of the peripheral fluidizing gas. The intermediate fluidizing gas is one of two gases, a mixture of steam and air, and air. Therefore, the number of combinations of the central fluidizing gas, the intermediate fluidizing gas, and the peripheral fluidizing gas is 18, and the oxygen content is advantageously increased from the central portion of the furnace to the peripheral portion. Preferred combinations are shown in Table 15 below.

[0026]

[Table 2] Which of the combinations in Table 2 is selected depends on whether importance is placed on gasification efficiency or economic efficiency. Of the combinations in Table 2, the combination with the highest gasification efficiency is No. Although the combination is 1, the cost is high because the oxygen consumption is large. In order of decreasing oxygen consumption and then water vapor consumption, gasification efficiency decreases, but cost also decreases. The oxygen used in Tables 1 and 2 may be of high purity or of low purity obtained using an oxygen-enriched film.

When the fluidized-bed furnace is large, the intermediate fluidizing gas is a plurality of fluidizing gases supplied from a plurality of concentric intermediate portions provided between the central part of the furnace bottom and the peripheral part of the furnace bottom. Is preferred. In this case, it is preferable that the oxygen concentration of the fluidizing gas be the lowest in the central part of the furnace and be higher as approaching the peripheral part.

In the method of the present invention, preferably, the fluidizing gas supplied to the fluidized bed furnace contains an air amount of 30% or less of the theoretical combustion air amount required for combustion of combustibles. Incombustibles are taken out from the vicinity of the bottom of the fluidized bed furnace, classified, and the obtained sand is returned into the fluidized bed furnace. The combustible gas and fine particles generated in the fluidized-bed furnace are burned at a high temperature of 1300 ° C. or more in the melting and burning furnace, and the ash is melted. The gas turbine is driven by the exhaust gas from the melting and burning furnace. The pressure in the fluidized bed furnace is maintained below or above atmospheric pressure depending on the application. Combustibles are waste, coal, and others.

The present invention also provides an apparatus for combustible gasification in a fluidized bed furnace. In the device of the present invention,
The fluidized bed furnace has a substantially circular side wall in a horizontal section, a fluidizing gas dispersing mechanism disposed at the bottom of the furnace, an incombustible material outlet disposed on an outer periphery of the fluidizing gas dispersing mechanism, and a central portion of the fluidizing gas dispersing mechanism. Central supply means for supplying fluidized gas to flow vertically upward into the furnace from the vicinity, and peripheral supply for supplying fluidized gas to flow vertically upward from the periphery of the fluidized gas dispersion mechanism into the furnace Supply means, a sloped wall for turning fluidized gas flowing vertically upward from the peripheral supply means to the center of the furnace, and a free board disposed above the sloped wall, wherein the central supply means has a relatively high mass velocity. A small, relatively low oxygen concentration fluidizing gas is supplied, and the peripheral supply means comprises:
A fluidizing gas having a relatively high mass velocity and a relatively high oxygen concentration is provided.

In the apparatus of the present invention, there is provided an intermediate supply means for supplying the fluidized gas vertically upward into the furnace from a ring-shaped intermediate portion between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the fluidized gas dispersion mechanism. The intermediate supply means has a mass velocity intermediate between the mass velocities of the fluidizing gas supplied from the central supply means and the peripheral supply means, and an oxygen having an intermediate oxygen concentration of the fluidization gas supplied from the central supply means and the peripheral supply means. Supply a concentration of fluidizing gas. The peripheral supply means can be formed by a ring-shaped supply box. The combustible material inlet is disposed above the fluidized bed furnace, the combustible material inlet drops the combustible material above the central supply means, and the fluidizing gas dispersion mechanism is formed to be lower at the peripheral portion than at the central portion. it can.

[0031] The incombustible outlet may have a ring portion arranged on the outer periphery of the dispersion mechanism and a conical portion which decreases downward from the ring-shaped portion. The noncombustible material outlet may include a fixed amount discharger, a first seal swing valve, a swing cut valve, and a second seal swing valve arranged in series.

[0032] The apparatus of the present invention may include a fusion combustion furnace for burning combustible gas and fine particles generated in a fluidized bed furnace at a high temperature to melt ash. The melting and burning furnace has a cylindrical primary combustion chamber having a substantially vertical axis, and a combustible gas inlet for supplying the combustible gas and fine particles generated in the fluidized bed furnace to the cylindrical primary combustion chamber so as to swirl around the axis. A secondary combustion chamber communicating with the cylindrical primary combustion chamber; and a discharge port provided at a lower portion of the secondary combustion chamber and capable of discharging molten ash. Exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber of the melting combustion furnace is introduced into a waste heat boiler and an air preheater, and waste heat is recovered. The gas turbine can be driven by the exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber of the melting combustion furnace. The exhaust gas can be released to the atmosphere after being introduced into the dust collector and the dust is removed. The exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber of the melting and burning furnace is introduced into a waste heat boiler and an air preheater, and the waste heat can be recovered. The gas turbine can be driven by the exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber of the melting combustion furnace. The exhaust gas is introduced into the dust collector, and is discharged into the atmosphere after dust is removed.

[0033]

According to the gasifier of the present invention, the heat is diffused by the circulating flow of the fluidized bed furnace, so that the load can be increased and the furnace can be downsized. In the present invention, since the fluidized bed furnace can maintain combustion with a small amount of air, the fluidized bed furnace is set to a low air ratio and low temperature (450 to 650 ° C.) to minimize the generation of heat and perform gentle combustion. As a result, a homogeneous product gas containing a large amount of combustibles can be obtained, and most of the combustibles of gas, tar, and char can be used in the next melting and burning furnace. In the present invention, large incombustibles can be easily discharged by the circulating flow of the fluidized bed furnace. In addition, iron and aluminum in incombustibles can be used as unoxidized valuables. In the method or apparatus of the present invention, the horizontal section of the fluidized bed furnace is made substantially circular, so that the furnace has a pressure-resistant structure, the fluidized bed furnace is in a pressurized state at atmospheric pressure or higher, and the combustible material supplied into the furnace is It is easy to make the pressure of the combustible gas generated from high pressure high. High-pressure flammable gas can be used as fuel for gas turbines and boiler / gas turbine combined plants that can operate with high efficiency, and therefore, by using flammable gas in such plants, energy from combustibles can be reduced. Recovery efficiency can be improved. In the method or the apparatus of the present invention, when mainly treating refuse, in order to prevent odors and harmful combustion gases from leaking from the fluidized bed furnace, it is preferable to set the furnace internal pressure to atmospheric pressure or less. Since the horizontal section of the fluidized bed furnace is circular, the furnace wall can easily withstand external pressure.

In the present invention, the mass velocity of the central fluidizing gas supplied to the fluidized bed furnace is made smaller than the mass velocity of the peripheral fluidizing gas, and the upward flow of the fluidizing gas above the peripheral portion inside the furnace is reduced. A moving bed in which the flowing medium sinks and diffuses is formed in the center of the furnace, and a fluidized bed in which the flowing medium is actively flowing is formed around the furnace. Is done. The combustibles supplied into the furnace are gasified into combustible gas while circulating together with the fluidized medium from the bottom of the moving bed to the fluidized bed and from the top of the fluidized bed to the moving bed. The combustibles are first gasified in the descending moving bed at the center of the furnace, mainly by the volatiles due to the heat of the fluidized medium (typically using silica sand). And, since the oxygen content of the central fluidizing gas forming the moving bed is small, the combustible gas generated in the moving bed is hardly burned and rises to the freeboard together with the central fluidizing gas, and the calorific value is high. It becomes a high quality product gas.

The combustibles which have been heated due to loss of volatiles in the moving bed, ie, fixed carbon (char) and tar, are then circulated into the fluidized bed, where the fluidized bed has a relatively high oxygen content. It is burned in contact with the surrounding fluidized gas and is converted into combustion gas and ash, and generates combustion heat that maintains the inside of the furnace at 450 to 650 ° C. The fluidized medium is heated by the heat of combustion, and the heated fluidized medium is turned to the central part of the furnace above the peripheral part of the furnace and descends in the moving bed, thereby lowering the temperature in the moving bed to a temperature required for gasification of volatile matter. To maintain. Since the center of the furnace where the combustibles are charged is in a low oxygen state, a product gas having a high combustible content can be generated. Further, the metals in the combustibles can be recovered from the incombustibles outlet as unoxidized valuables.

In the present invention, when the gas, ash, and other fine particles generated in the fluidized bed furnace are burned in the melting and burning furnace, the generated gas contains a high combustible content, so that no heating fuel is required. 1300 ° C inside the melting furnace
The temperature can be raised as described above, and the ash can be sufficiently melted in the melting furnace. The molten ash can be taken out of the melting furnace and solidified easily by a known method such as water cooling. Therefore, the ash volume is significantly reduced and the harmful metals in the ash are solidified, so that the ash is in a form that can be landfilled. Other effects of the present invention will be apparent from the claims and the description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0037]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
It is defined by the claims. Also,
1 to 14, the members denoted by the same reference numerals are the same members or the corresponding members, and in the description of each drawing, the repeated description will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a gasifier according to a first embodiment for carrying out the gasification method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic horizontal view of the gasifier of FIG. It is sectional drawing.
In the gasifier shown in FIG. 1, the fluidizing gas supplied into the fluidized bed furnace 2 through the fluidizing gas dispersing mechanism 106 arranged at the bottom of the furnace flows upward from the vicinity of the center 4 of the bottom into the furnace. Fluidized gas 7 and furnace bottom periphery 3 supplied as
Fluidizing gas 8 supplied as an upward flow from the furnace into the furnace 8
Consists of

As shown in Table 1, the central fluidizing gas 7
Is one of three gases: steam, a mixture of steam and air, and air, and the peripheral fluidizing gas 8 is oxygen,
One of three types of gas, oxygen and air mixture, and air
One. The oxygen content of the central fluidizing gas is less than or equal to the oxygen content of the peripheral fluidizing gas. The air amount of the entire fluidizing gas is 30 times the theoretical combustion air amount required for combustion of the combustibles 11.
% Or less, and the inside of the furnace is set to a reducing atmosphere.

The mass velocity of the central fluidizing gas 7 is made smaller than that of the peripheral fluidizing gas 8 so that the upward flow of the fluidizing gas above the peripheral part in the furnace is directed to the central part of the furnace by the deflector 6. Be converted. As a result, a moving bed 9 in which a fluidized medium (usually silica sand) is settled and diffused is formed at the center of the furnace, and a fluidized bed 10 in which the fluidized medium is actively fluidized is formed around the furnace. Is done. The fluidized medium rises in the fluidized bed 10 around the furnace, as shown by the arrow 118, is then turned by the deflector 6, flows above the moving bed 9, descends in the moving bed 9 and then the arrow As shown by 112, it moves along the gas dispersion mechanism 106 and flows below the fluidized bed 10, thereby circulating in the fluidized bed 10 and the moving bed 9 as shown by arrows 118 and 112.

The combustible material 11 supplied from the combustible material supply port 104 to the upper part of the moving bed 9 is heated by the heat of the flowing medium while descending in the moving bed 9 together with the flowing medium, and the volatile matter is mainly converted into gas. Be transformed into Since there is no or little oxygen in the moving bed 9, the generated gas composed of gasified volatiles is not burned, but passes through the moving bed 9 as indicated by an arrow 116. Therefore, the moving bed 9 forms the gasification zone G.
The generated gas moved to the free board 102 is indicated by an arrow 120.
, And the product gas 29
Is discharged as

The char (fixed carbon content) and tar 114 which are not gasified in the moving bed 9 mainly flow from the lower part of the moving bed 9 to the lower part of the fluidized bed 10 in the peripheral part of the furnace together with the fluidized medium as indicated by an arrow 112. It travels and is burned and partially oxidized by the peripheral fluidizing gas 8 having a relatively high oxygen content. The fluidized bed 10 forms an oxidation zone S for combustibles. In the fluidized bed 10, the fluidized medium is heated by combustion heat in the fluidized bed to a high temperature. The hot fluid medium is indicated by arrow 1
As shown at 18, the moving layer 9 is inverted by the inclined wall 6.
And becomes a heat source for gasification again. The temperature of the fluidized bed 10 is maintained at 450 to 650 ° C. so that the suppressed combustion reaction continues.

According to the gasifier 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
A gasification zone G and an oxidation zone S are formed in the fluidized-bed furnace 2, and the fluidized medium serves as a heat transfer medium in both zones. In the zone S, char and tar 114 that are difficult to gasify can be efficiently burned. Therefore, the gasification efficiency of combustibles can be improved, and high-quality combustible gas can be generated.

In the horizontal section of the fluidized bed furnace 2 shown in FIG. 2, the moving bed 9 forming the gasification zone G is circular at the center of the furnace and the moving bed 9 forming the oxidation zone S
0 is formed in a ring shape around the moving layer 9. A ring-shaped incombustible substance discharge port 5 is arranged on the outer periphery of the fluidized bed 10. By making the gasification furnace 1 cylindrical, a high furnace pressure can be easily supported. A pressure vessel (not shown) can be separately provided outside the gasification furnace instead of the structure in which the furnace pressure is received by the gasification furnace itself.

FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a gasifier according to a second embodiment for carrying out the gasification method of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic horizontal view of the gasifier of FIG. It is sectional drawing.
In the gasifier of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the fluidizing gas includes a central fluidizing gas 7 and a peripheral fluidizing gas 8, and a middle portion of the furnace bottom between the central portion of the furnace bottom and the peripheral portion of the furnace bottom. And an intermediate fluidizing gas 7 'supplied into the furnace from the furnace. The mass velocity of the intermediate fluidizing gas 7 ′ is selected between the mass velocity of the central fluidizing gas 7 and the peripheral fluidizing gas 8. The intermediate fluidizing gas is any one of three types of gas: steam, a mixture of steam and air, or air.

In the gasifier of FIG. 3, as in the case of the gasifier of FIG. 1, the central fluidizing gas 7 is one of three types of gas, namely, steam, a mixed gas of steam and air, and air.
The peripheral fluidizing gas 8 is one of three types of gas: oxygen, a mixed gas of oxygen and air, and air. The oxygen content of the intermediate fluidizing gas is selected between the oxygen content of the central fluidizing gas and the oxygen content of the peripheral fluidizing gas. Therefore, the preferred combinations of fluidizing gases are listed in Table 15, Table 15. In each combination, it is important that the oxygen supply increases as it extends from the center to the periphery of the fluidized bed furnace. The amount of air in the entire fluidizing gas is
Is set to 30% or less of the theoretical combustion air amount required for the combustion in the furnace, and the inside of the furnace is set to a reducing atmosphere.

As in the case of the gasifier of FIG. 1, in the gasifier of FIG. 3, a moving bed 9 in which the flowing medium sinks is formed at the center of the furnace, and the flowing medium rises at the periphery of the furnace. A fluidized bed 10 is formed. A fluidized medium circulates through the moving and fluidized beds as indicated by arrows 112 and 118.
Between the moving bed 9 and the fluidized bed 10, an intermediate layer 9 'in which the fluidized medium diffuses mainly in the lateral direction is formed. The moving bed 9 and the intermediate layer 9 'form a gasification zone G, and the fluidized bed 10 forms an oxidation zone S.

The combustible material 11 introduced into the upper part of the moving bed 9
Is heated while descending in the moving bed 9 together with the fluidized medium, and its volatiles are gasified. The char and tar not gasified in the moving bed 9 and some of the volatiles move to the intermediate layer 9 ′ and the fluidized bed 10 together with the fluidized medium, and are partially gasified and partially burned. Mainly char and tar which are not gasified in the intermediate layer 9 'move into the fluidized bed 10 around the furnace together with the fluidized medium, and are burned in the peripheral fluidized gas 8 having a relatively high oxygen content. The fluidized medium is heated in the fluidized bed 10 and circulates to the moving bed 9 to heat the combustibles in the moving bed 9. Regarding the oxygen concentration of the intermediate layer, depending on the kind of combustibles (whether there is a lot of volatile matter, char, tar), etc., lower the oxygen concentration and mainly gasify, or increase the oxygen concentration. Whether oxidative combustion is the main component is selected.

In the horizontal section of the fluidized-bed furnace shown in FIG. 4, the moving bed 9 forming the gasification zone is circular at the center of the furnace, and is formed along its outer periphery by the intermediate fluidizing gas 7 '. There is an intermediate zone 9 'and the fluidized bed 10 forming the oxidation zone is formed in a ring around the intermediate zone 9'. A ring-shaped incombustible substance discharge port 5 is arranged on the outer periphery of the fluidized bed 10. By making the gasification furnace 1 cylindrical, a high furnace pressure can be easily supported. The furnace pressure can be received by the gasifier itself or by providing a separate pressure vessel outside the gasifier.

FIG. 5 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a gasifier according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the gasifier 1 of FIG. 5, a gasification raw material 11 composed of combustibles such as refuse is supplied to the fluidized bed furnace 2 of the gasifier 1 by a double damper 12, a compression feeder 13, and a dust feeder 14. .
The compression feeder 13 compresses the gasified raw material into a plug,
This seals the furnace pressure. The refuse compressed into a plug is separated by a loosening device (not shown),
The dust is fed into the furnace by the dust feeder 14.

In the gasifier of FIG. 5, the central fluidizing gas 7 and the peripheral fluidizing gas 8 are supplied in the same way as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, and therefore, as in the embodiment of FIG. In 2, a gasification zone and an oxidation zone in a reducing atmosphere are formed.
The fluidized medium serves as a heat transfer medium in both zones. In the gasification zone, a high-quality combustible gas having a high calorific value is generated. In the oxidation zone, char and tar 114, which are difficult to gasify, are efficiently combusted, resulting in high gasification. Efficiency and high quality combustible gas are obtained. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, a roots blower 15 communicating with the double damper 12 and the free board 102 of the gasifier 1 is provided, and when the compression of dust is insufficient, the dust leaks from the furnace to the double damper 12 through the compression feeder. Return the gas into the furnace. Preferably, the roots blower 15 sucks an appropriate amount of air and gas from the double damper 12 and returns it into the furnace so that the upper part of the double damper 12 is at atmospheric pressure.

In the gasifier of FIG. 5, in order to discharge incombustibles from the fluidized-bed furnace 2, the incombustibles outlet 5, the conical chute 16, the fixed-quantity discharger 17, the first swing valve for sealing 1
8, swing cut valve 19, second swing valve 2 for sealing
0, the discharger with trommel 23 is arranged in order, and is operated as follows.

(1) When the first swing valve 18 for sealing is opened, the second swing valve 20 is closed, and the furnace pressure is sealed by the second swing valve 20, the constant-rate discharger 17 is operated. The non-combustible material containing the sand of the fluid medium is discharged from the inside of the conical chute 16 to the swing cut valve 19. (2) When the swing cut valve 19 receives a predetermined amount of incombustible material, the fixed amount discharger 17 is turned off, the first swing valve 18 is closed, and the furnace pressure is sealed by the first swing valve 18. Then, the discharge valve 22 is opened, and the inside of the swing cut valve 19 is returned to the atmospheric pressure. Next, the second swing valve 20 is completely opened, and the swing cut valve 19 is opened, so that the incombustible substances are removed from the continuous discharger 2 with trommel.
It is discharged to 3. (3) After the second swing valve 20 is completely closed, the equalizing valve 21 is opened, and the inside of the first swing valve 18 and the inside of the conical chute 16 are equalized. The valve 18 is opened and returns to the first step (1). These steps (1) to (3) are automatically and repeatedly operated.

The continuous discharger 23 with trommel is operated continuously, discharges large incombustibles 27 out of the system by trommel, transports sand and small incombustibles by a sand circulation elevator 24, After removing the sand 28, the sand is returned to the gasification furnace 1 via the lock hopper 26. In such an incombustible discharge mechanism, the two swing valves have only a pressure sealing function without receiving incombustible materials.
In addition, the incombustible material can be prevented from being caught in the seal portions of the second swing valves 18 and 20. When the furnace pressure may be slightly negative, the sealing function is unnecessary.

FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a gasifier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the gasifier of FIG. 6, the supply of the gasification raw material 11 and the seal of the furnace pressure related thereto are similar to the mechanism for discharging incombustible substances in FIG. 1st and 2nd
This is performed using a combination of the swing valve 18. The compression feeder 13 has been removed. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, gas leaking from the furnace into the first swing valve 18 is discharged from the discharge valve 2.
2 and returned to the furnace via a blower (not shown).
After the first swing valve 18 is completely closed, the pressure equalizing valve 2
1 is opened, and the pressure in the swing cut valve 19 is made equal to the furnace internal pressure.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an example of the purification process of the product gas produced by the gasifier of the present invention.
In the refining process shown in FIG.
1 and fluidizing gases 7 and 8 are supplied to the gasification furnace 1. The combustible gas generated in the gasifier 1 recovers heat in the waste heat boiler 31, is cooled, and is sent to the cyclone separator 32, where solids 37 and 38 are separated. Thereafter, the produced gas is washed and cooled by water in the water washing tower 33, and hydrogen sulfide is removed in the alkali washing tower 34, and then stored in the gas holder 35. The unreacted char 37 in the solids separated by the cyclone separator 32 is returned to the gasifier 1 and the remaining solids 38
Is discharged out of the system. As in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the large incombustibles 27 out of the incombustibles discharged from the gasifier 1 are used.
Is discharged out of the system, and the sand is returned to the gasifier 1.
The wastewater discharged from the washing towers 33 and 34 is introduced into a wastewater treatment device 36, where the wastewater is detoxified.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing an example of a process in which the combustible gas and fine particles generated in the gasifier 1 are introduced into the melting and burning furnace 41 and burned at a high temperature to melt the ash. In the process of FIG. 8, the generated gas having a high flammable content produced by the gasifier 1 is introduced into the melting and burning furnace 41. Oxygen, a mixed gas of oxygen and air, or air is blown into the melting and burning furnace 41, and the generated gas and fine particles
It burns at more than 00 ° C, melts ash, and decomposes harmful substances such as dioxin and PCB. Melt combustion furnace 41
The ash 44 melted in the step is quenched and turned into slag to reduce the amount. The combustion exhaust gas generated in the melting and burning furnace 41 is quenched by a scrubber 42 to prevent re-synthesis of dioxin. The exhaust gas quenched by the scrubber 41 is further subjected to removal of dust 38 in a filter 43,
Is released into the atmosphere from

FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional perspective view of a gasification and melting and burning apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG.
The gasifier 1 is almost the same as the embodiment of FIG. 1 except that the gas outlet 108 is connected to the flammable gas inlet 142 of the melting and burning furnace 41.
Is communicated to. Melt combustion furnace 41 includes a cylindrical primary combustion chamber 140 having a substantially vertical axis, and a secondary combustion chamber 150 that is inclined horizontally. The combustible gas 120 and the fine particles generated in the fluidized bed furnace 2 are supplied to the combustible gas inlet 142.
To the primary combustion chamber 140 so as to swivel about its axis.

The primary combustion chamber 140 has a starter burner at the upper end and a plurality of air nozzles 134 for supplying combustion air in a swirling manner about an axis. The secondary combustion chamber 150 communicates with the primary combustion chamber 140 at the lower end thereof, and is disposed at a lower portion of the secondary combustion chamber and capable of discharging molten ash, and an exhaust port disposed above the discharge port 152. An opening 154, an auxiliary burner 136 disposed near a portion communicating with the primary combustion chamber, and an air nozzle 134 for supplying combustion air are provided. The exhaust port 154 includes a radiation plate 162 to reduce the amount of heat lost from the exhaust port 154 due to radiation.

FIG. 10 is a layout diagram of a fluidized bed gasification and melting and burning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention used in combination with a waste heat boiler and a turbine. In FIG. 10, the gasifier 1 includes a large non-combustible material 27 discharged from the discharger 23.
And a conveyor 172 for transporting the fine incombustibles 28 discharged from the classifier 25 together. An air jacket 185 is arranged around the conical chute 16 for taking out incombustibles from the lower part of the fluidized bed furnace 2, and the air in the air jacket 185 is heated by the hot extracted sand. The auxiliary fuel F is supplied to the primary and secondary combustion chambers 14 of the melting and burning furnace 41.
0, 150. Outlet 15 of melting and burning furnace 41
The molten ash 44 discharged from 2 is received in the water chamber 178, rapidly cooled, and discharged as slag 176.

In FIG. 10, the combustion gas discharged from the melting and burning furnace 41 is supplied to the waste heat boiler 31 and the economizer 18.
3. The air is discharged to the atmosphere via the air preheater 186, the dust collector 43, and the induction ventilator 54. The combustion gas discharged from the air preheater 186 is added with a neutralizing agent N such as slaked lime before entering the dust collector 43. After the water W is supplied to the economizer 183 and preheated, the water W is heated by the boiler 31 and turned into steam, and drives the steam turbine ST. After the air A is supplied to the air preheater 186 and heated, the air A is further heated in the air jacket 185 and supplied to the melting and burning furnace 41 and, if necessary, the free board 102 via the air pipe 184.

The fine particles 180 and 19 collected at the bottom of the waste heat boiler 31, the economizer 183 and the air preheater 186
0 is conveyed to a classifier 25 by a sand circulation elevator 24 to remove fine incombustibles 28 and returned to the fluidized bed furnace 2. The fly ash 38 separated in the filter 43 contains alkali metal salts such as Na and K volatilized at a high temperature, and is thus treated by a chemical in the processor 194.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 10, the combustion in the fluidized-bed furnace 2 is a low-temperature partial combustion at a low air ratio, and the fluidized-bed temperature is maintained at 450 ° C. to 650 ° C., thereby generating a high-calorie combustible gas. Can be done. In addition, since combustion is performed in a reducing atmosphere at a low air ratio, iron,
Aluminum is obtained as unoxidized valuables. The high-calorie combustible gas and char generated in the fluidized bed furnace 2 can be burned at a high temperature of 1300 ° C. or higher in the melting and burning furnace 41 to melt ash and decompose dioxin.

FIG. 11 is a layout view of a fluidized bed gasification and melting and burning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention used in combination with the gas cooling chamber 280. 11, a gasifier 1, a melting and burning furnace 41, a water chamber 178, a dust collector 43, an induction ventilator 54, and the like are the same as those in FIG. In FIG. 11, a gas cooler 280 and an independent air preheater 188 are provided instead of the waste heat boiler, and a high-temperature combustion exhaust gas from the melting and burning furnace 41 is passed through a high-temperature duct 278 covered with refractory and heat-insulating gas. To be introduced. In the gas cooler 280, the combustion gas is instantaneously cooled by fine water spray,
Dioxin resynthesis is prevented. High temperature duct 278
Is set to a low speed of 5 m / sec or less. A hot water generator 283 is arranged above the gas cooler 280. The air heated by the air preheater 188 is supplied to the free board 102 of the gasification furnace 1 and the melting and burning furnace 41.

FIG. 12 shows a waste heat boiler 31 and a reaction tower 31.
FIG. 2 is a layout view of a fluidized bed gasification and melting and burning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention used in combination with the apparatus of FIG. In FIG. 12, the gasifier 1, the melting and burning furnace 41, the water chamber 178, the waste heat boiler 31, the steam turbine ST, the economizer 183,
The air preheater 186, the dust collector 43, the inspiratory ventilator 54, etc.
This is the same as FIG. In FIG. 12, the waste heat boiler 3
1 and the economizer 183, a reaction tower 310 and a superheater heating combustor 320 are arranged. Reaction tower 310
, A neutralizing agent N such as slaked lime slurry is added to the combustion exhaust gas to remove HCl. The solid fine particles 312 discharged from the reaction tower 310 are sent to the classifier 25 by the sand circulation elevator 24 together with the solid fine particles 180 discharged from the waste heat boiler 31. In the heating combustor 320, the unburned gas and the auxiliary fuel F are burned, and the steam temperature is raised to about 500 ° C. In the apparatus shown in FIG. 12, the power generation efficiency can be about 30% because the steam has a high temperature and a high pressure and the air ratio is small and the sensible heat taken out of the exhaust gas is small.

FIG. 13 is a layout view of a gasification cogeneration type fluidized bed gasification and fusion combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 13, the gasifier 1, the melting and burning furnace 41, the water chamber 178, the waste heat boiler 31, the dust collector 43, the draft fan 54, and the like are the same as those in FIG. In FIG. 13, the reaction tower 3 is disposed between the waste heat boiler 31 and the dust collector 43.
In the reaction tower 310, a neutralizing agent N such as slaked lime slurry is added to the combustion exhaust gas to remove HCl. The exhaust gas from the reaction tower 310 is used in the gas turbine 420 via the dust collector 43. In the gas turbine 420, the air A is compressed by the compressor C and the combustor CC
The fuel F is burned in the combustor CC, and the combustion gas and the exhaust gas compressed by the compressor 410 and supplied to the combustor CC become the working fluid of the turbine T. The exhaust gas of the gas turbine 420 is supplied to the super heater 430,
It passes through the economizer 440 and the air preheater 450 in order,
It is released to the atmosphere by the inspiratory ventilator 54. Waste heat boiler 3
The steam generated in 1 is heated by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 420 in the super heater 430 and supplied to the steam turbine ST.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart showing the steps of a fluidized bed gasification and melting and burning method of a combined pressurized gasification power generation type according to an embodiment of the present invention. The high-temperature and high-pressure generated gas 29 generated in the pressurized gasification furnace 1 is introduced into a waste heat boiler 31 ′,
It produces steam and is itself cooled. The product gas exiting the waste heat boiler is split into two parts, one of which is
The neutralizing agent N is added to the other 1 to neutralize HCl, and is introduced into the dust collector 43 '. In the dust collector 43 ', the low-melting substance in the product gas solidified by the temperature drop is separated from the product gas, sent to the melting and burning furnace 41, and melted.
The product gas from which the low-melting-point substance has been removed is used as a gas turbine GT.
Is used as a fuel gas. Gas turbine GT
Exhaust gas is super heater SH, economizer EC
The heat is exchanged at o, and then processed in the exhaust gas processor 510 and released into the atmosphere. The exhaust gas of the melting and burning furnace 41 passes through a heat exchanger EX and a dust collector 43,
10 is introduced. Molten ash 44 discharged from the melting furnace
Is quenched into slag. The solid matter 38 discharged from the dust collector 43 is subjected to chemical treatment in a processor 194.

According to the process of FIG. 14, the gas generated from the waste is used as a fuel after the HCl and solids are removed, so that the gas does not corrode the gas turbine, and , High-temperature steam can be generated by the gas turbine exhaust gas.

[0069]

(1) In the gasifier of the present invention, heat is diffused by the circulating flow of the fluidized bed furnace, so that the load can be increased and the furnace can be downsized.

(2) In the present invention, since the fluidized-bed furnace can maintain combustion with a small amount of air, the fluidized-bed furnace is set to a low air ratio and a low temperature (450 to 650 ° C.) to minimize heat generation. By gently burning, a homogeneous product gas containing a large amount of combustibles can be obtained, and gas, tar,
Most of the combustible content of the char can be used in the next stage melting furnace.

(3) In the present invention, large incombustibles can be easily discharged by the circulating flow of the fluidized bed furnace. In addition, iron and aluminum in incombustibles can be used as unoxidized valuables.

(4) According to the present invention, there is provided a method or facility for detoxifying waste treatment and having a high energy utilization rate.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a main part of a gasifier according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of a fluidized bed furnace of the gasifier of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a main part of a gasifier according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of a fluidized bed furnace of the gasifier of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a gasifier according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a gasifier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing one example of a purification process of a product gas.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a process in which ash is melted.

FIG. 9 is a schematic vertical sectional perspective view of a gasification and melting and burning apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a layout diagram of a fluidized bed gasification and melting and combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention used in combination with a waste heat boiler and a turbine.

FIG. 11 is a layout view of a fluidized bed gasification and fusion combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention used in combination with a gas cooling chamber.

FIG. 12 is a layout view of a fluidized bed gasification and melting and combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention used in combination with a waste heat boiler and a reaction tower.

FIG. 13 is a layout diagram of a fluidized-bed gasification and fusion combustion apparatus according to a gasification cogeneration type embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the steps of a fluidized bed gasification and melt combustion method according to an embodiment of the combined pressurized gasification power generation type of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1; gasifier, 2; fluidized bed furnace, 3;
Central part of furnace bottom, 5; noncombustible material outlet, 6; inclined wall, 7; central fluidizing gas, 7 '; intermediate fluidizing gas, 8; peripheral fluidizing gas, 9; moving bed, 9';10; fluidized bed, 11;
Gasification raw material (combustible), 12; double damper, 13;
Compression feeder, 14; dust feeder, 15; roots blower, 16; conical chute, 17;
20; swing valve, 19, 19 '; swing cut valve,
22; discharge valve, 23; continuous discharger with trommel, 2
4; sand circulation elevator, 25; classifier, 27, 28; incombustible, 29; product gas, 31, 31 '; waste heat boiler, 3
2; cyclone separator, 36; wastewater treatment device, 37; unreacted char, 38; solids, 41;
3 '; dust collector, 44; molten ash, 54;
5; exhaust tower, 102; free board, 104; combustible material supply port, 106; gas dispersion mechanism, 108; gas outlet, 11
4; char tar, 134; combustion burner, 140; primary combustion chamber, 142; combustible gas inlet, 150; secondary combustion chamber, 162; radiation plate, 176; slag, 178;
183; Economizer, 185; Air jacket, 18
6, 188; air preheater, 194, 510;
80; gas cooler, 310; reaction tower, 320; super heater heating combustor, 420; gas turbine, A; air,
C: Compressor, CC: Combustor, Eco: Economizer,
F: auxiliary fuel, G: gasification zone, N: neutralizer, S: oxidation zone, SH: super heater, ST: steam turbine, T: turbine, W: water.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B09B 3/00 ZAB F22B 1/18 G 4D004 C10J 3/00 F22D 1/36 4K046 F23G 5/027 B 4K056 F22B 1/18 5/46 A F22D 1/36 F23J 1/00 B F23C 10/02 F27B 15/09 F23G 5/027 15/10 5/46 15/12 F23J 1/00 F27D 17/00 101D 15/04 104D 15/06 104G F27B 15/09 B09B 3/00 ZAB 15/10 303L 15/12 B01D 53/34 134A F27D 17/00 101 F23C 11/02 311 104 F23J 15/00 KE (72) Inventor Tomo Satoshi Kayuki 11-1 Haneda Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Shuichi Nagato, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 4-2-1 Sawa, Ebara Research Institute, Inc. (72) Inventor Tetsuhisa Hirose 11-1, Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Takahisa Miyoshi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture 4-2-1 Fujisawa Inside Ebara Research Institute, Inc. (72) Inventor Seiichiro Toyoda 4-2-1-1, Motofujisawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa Inside Ebara Research Institute, Ltd. (72) Inventor Shugo Hosoda Ota, Tokyo 11-2, Asahi-cho, Haneda-ku, Japan Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Akisaku Fujinami 4-2-1, Motofujisawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Ebara Research Institute, Ltd. 11-1 Haneda Asahi-cho, Ward F-term in Ebara Corporation (reference) 3K061 AA11 AB02 AB03 AC01 AC13 BA05 CA01 EA01 EB02 EB07 EB15 EB18 NB03 NB13 3K064 AA15 AB01 AD08 AE08 AE15 BA05 BA07 BA15 BA17 3K003 AC01 JA05 JA14 JA18 3K070 DA02 DA03 DA15 DA35 DA37 DA43 4D002 AA19 AB01 AC04 BA03 BA14 DA01 DA35 EA02 4D004 AA07 AA46 AC05 CA05 CA27 CA29 CC02 CC03 4K046 HA11 JC04 JC07 JD08 JE04 KA03 KA06 4K056 AA19 BA01 CA20 DA02 DA13 DA32 DA38 DB05 DB07 DB13

Claims (21)

[Claims] An apparatus for melting ash contained in a gas after gasifying wastes, comprising a fluidized-bed furnace for gasifying wastes, wherein the fluidized-bed furnace puts fluidized gas into the furnace. Fluidizing gas supply means for supplying,
Forming a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, gasifying the waste supplied into the furnace to generate gas and char, and melting a ash, the melting furnace comprising a fluidized bed; A gasification and melting device, comprising: a waste heat boiler that burns the gas and the char discharged from the furnace to melt ash by recovering heat from the gas discharged from the melting furnace. 2. The gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an economizer provided downstream of the waste heat boiler. 3. The gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the steam generated by the waste heat boiler is supplied to a steam turbine. 4. An apparatus for melting ash contained in gas after gasifying waste, comprising a fluidized-bed furnace for gasifying waste, the fluidized-bed furnace supplying a fluidized gas into the furnace. A melting furnace for forming a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, gasifying the waste supplied into the furnace to generate gas and char, and melting ash. Wherein the melting furnace includes an air preheater that burns the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace to melt ash, and recovers heat from the gas discharged from the melting furnace. Gasification and melting equipment. 5. The gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the air heated by the air preheater is supplied to the melting furnace. 6. The air heated by the air preheater is supplied to the fluidized bed furnace.
A gasification and melting device as described. 7. An apparatus for melting ash contained in a gas after gasifying wastes, comprising a fluidized bed furnace for gasifying wastes, wherein the fluidized bed furnace introduces a fluidized gas into the furnace. Fluidizing gas supply means for supplying,
Forming a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, gasifying the waste supplied into the furnace to generate gas and char, and melting a ash, the melting furnace comprising a fluidized bed; A gasification and melting apparatus, wherein the gas discharged from the furnace and the char are burned to melt ash, and the gas discharged from the melting furnace is supplied to a scrubber. 8. An apparatus for melting ash contained in a gas after gasifying waste, comprising a fluidized bed furnace for gasifying waste, wherein the fluidized bed furnace supplies a fluidized gas into the furnace. A fluidized gas supply means for forming a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, and gasifying the waste supplied into the furnace to generate gas and char; A discharge port, discharging the non-combustible material and the fluid medium contained in the waste from the non-combustible substance discharge port, separating the non-flammable substance and the fluid medium, returning the fluid medium to the fluidized bed furnace, A melting furnace which melts the ash by burning the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace and cooling the gas discharged from the melting furnace; A gasification and melting apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 9. The gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the gas is sprayed with water by the gas cooler. 10. An apparatus for melting ash contained in a gas after gasifying wastes, comprising a fluidized bed furnace for gasifying wastes, wherein the fluidized bed furnace puts fluidized gas into the furnace. Fluidizing gas supply means for supplying,
Forming a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, gasifying the waste supplied into the furnace to generate gas and char, and melting a ash, the melting furnace comprising a fluidized bed; A gasification and melting apparatus, wherein the gas discharged from the furnace and the char are burned to melt ash, and a neutralizing agent is added to the gas discharged from the melting furnace. 11. The gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 10, wherein dust in the gas discharged from the melting furnace is removed by a dust collector. 12. An apparatus for melting ash contained in a gas after gasifying wastes, comprising a fluidized bed furnace for gasifying wastes, wherein the fluidized bed furnace introduces a fluidized gas into the furnace. Fluidizing gas supply means for supplying,
Forming a circulating flow of a fluidized medium in the furnace, gasifying the waste supplied into the furnace to generate gas and char, and melting a ash, the melting furnace comprising a fluidized bed; A gasification and melting apparatus, comprising: a reaction tower for burning the gas discharged from the furnace and the char to melt ash, and adding a neutralizing agent to the gas discharged from the melting furnace. 13. The gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the neutralizing agent is added as a slurry. 14. The fluidized bed furnace has a noncombustible material discharge port,
2. The non-combustible material and the fluid medium contained in the waste are discharged from the non-combustible material discharge port, and after separating the non-combustible material and the fluid medium, the fluid medium is returned to the fluidized bed furnace.
14. The gasification and melting apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 13. 15. A method for gasifying waste in a fluidized-bed furnace and then melting the ash in a melting furnace, wherein a circulating flow of a fluidized medium is formed in the fluidized-bed furnace and the waste is fluidized. The gas and the char are produced by gasification by supplying to the bed furnace, the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace are supplied to the melting furnace, and the gas and the char are discharged from the fluidized bed furnace in the melting furnace. Burning the gas and the char to melt the ash, and recovering heat in a waste heat boiler using the gas discharged from the melting furnace. 16. A method for melting ash in a melting furnace after gasifying waste in a fluidized bed furnace, wherein a circulating flow of a fluid medium is formed in the fluidized bed furnace and the waste is fluidized in the fluidized bed furnace. The gas and the char are produced by gasification by supplying the gas to the bed furnace, and the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace are supplied to the melting furnace, and discharged from the fluidized bed furnace in the melting furnace. A method for treating waste, comprising: burning the gas and the char to melt ash; and heating the air with an air preheater using the gas discharged from the melting furnace. 17. A method for melting ash in a melting furnace after gasifying waste in a fluidized bed furnace, wherein a circulating flow of a fluid medium is formed in the fluidized bed furnace, and The gas and the char are supplied to the bed furnace and gasified to generate gas and char. The gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace are supplied to a melting furnace, and the gas discharged from the fluidized bed furnace in the melting furnace. A method for treating waste, comprising burning gas and said char to melt ash, and preheating water by an economizer with the gas discharged from said melting furnace. 18. A method of gasifying waste in a fluidized bed furnace and then melting the ash in a melting furnace, wherein a circulating flow of a fluidized medium is formed in the fluidized bed furnace and the waste is fluidized. The gas and char are supplied to the bed furnace and gasified to generate gas and char, and the gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace are supplied to a melting furnace, and the gas discharged from the fluidized bed furnace in the melting furnace. A method for treating waste, comprising burning gas and said char to melt ash, and cooling the gas discharged from said melting furnace by spraying water with a gas cooler. 19. A method for melting ash in a melting furnace after gasifying waste in a fluidized bed furnace, wherein a circulating flow of a fluid medium is formed in the fluidized bed furnace, and The gas and char are supplied to the bed furnace and gasified to generate gas and char. The gas and the char discharged from the fluidized bed furnace are supplied to the melting furnace, and discharged from the fluidized bed furnace in the melting furnace. A method for treating waste, comprising: burning the gas and the char to melt ash; and adding a neutralizing agent to the gas discharged from the melting furnace to remove HCl. 20. Discharging an incombustible substance and a fluid medium contained in the waste from a furnace bottom of the fluidized bed furnace, separating the incombustible substance and the fluid medium, and returning the fluid medium to the fluidized bed furnace. The method for treating waste according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that: 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein after the neutralizing agent is added to the gas discharged from the melting furnace, dust in the gas is removed.