JP2002096053A - Method for processing organic waste and processing facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To automatically remove foreign matters such as plastics, sand, soil or the like from raw refuse and to effectively use the raw refuse as feed or fertilizer. SOLUTION: A dehydrating unit 1 and a drying unit are connected to form a single body. The dehydrating unit 1 is of a horizontal cylinder type comprising a cylindrical body 3 with a rotary pusher 4 housed in the cylinder. The drying unit 2 is also of a horizontal cylinder type having a rotary drum 11. Hot air produced in an incineration furnace 20 to deodorize the waste gas from the drying unit 2 is sent into the dehydrating unit 1 and drying unit 2 to heat the raw refuse 6. The raw refuse is heated to >=100 deg.C and then dewatered, which significantly improves the dehydration degree. As a result, the efficiency in the drying process can be improved. When the equipment is installed with a refuse incineration facility 23, waste heat of the refuse incineration furnace 24 is used as the heating source so that energy can be more effectively used.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating organic waste such as garbage.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Garbage has not conventionally been separated.
Some were used for landfill and most were incinerated. When incinerated, the raw garbage has a large amount of moisture and is difficult to self-combust, so that it has been incinerated by mixing with various easily combustible garbage.

[0003]

However, while the amount of garbage generated increases year by year, as the recycling of waste paper and plastics is promoted, the amount of easily combustible garbage mixed decreases and the amount of garbage decreases. It is difficult to incinerate directly. It has also been pointed out that the presence of garbage may lower the combustion temperature in the garbage incinerator and induce the generation of dioxin.

[0004] On the other hand, garbage is food residue such as cooking waste and garbage left from ordinary households and restaurants, and it is said in Japan that 30% of food has already been discharged as garbage. For this reason, from the viewpoint of the national economy and global environment,
There is a strong demand for effective use of garbage.

Since garbage is human food residue and cannot be reused as human food, it is effectively used for feed and fertilizer of livestock.

However, garbage often contains foreign materials such as packaging materials such as plastic bags, pottery chips, earth and sand, and it is necessary to remove these foreign materials. In addition, there is a concern that harmful microorganisms, pests and the like may be mixed, and insecticide / sterilization is required for effective use. Furthermore, vegetables, seafood, meat, and the like that constitute garbage all contain 80% or more of moisture, and must be dried for effective use.

The object of the present invention is to improve such a situation.

[0008]

As described above, vegetables, seafood, meat, and the like, which constitute garbage, all contain 80% or more of moisture. Energy is required, which is not preferable.

In order to cope with this point, the present invention provides a method of squeezing organic waste such as garbage by heating it at a temperature of 100 ° C. or more by direct heating or indirect heating, and then squeezing the organic waste. A treatment method was employed in which the waste was stirred and dried at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher.

Further, according to the present invention, as described in claim 2, the organic waste containing foreign matter such as a garbage bag is squeezed while being heated to 100 ° C. or more by direct heating or indirect heating. Squeezing, and then drying the squeezed organic waste by stirring it while heating at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher, and then removing foreign matter having a small specific gravity such as a garbage bag and the dried organic waste. It also includes a treatment method that separates waste from foreign matter having a large specific gravity, such as earth and sand and porcelain chips.

In the deodorizing step and the drying step, an odor may be generated. In this respect, according to the third aspect of the present invention, the odorous gas is exposed to the combustion gas of the burner and heated to a high temperature of 850 ° C. or more to deodorize. Then, the deodorized gas and the combustion gas are used as a heat source for heating in the dehydration step and the drying step.

The present invention also includes processing equipment suitable for the above-described processing method. The processing equipment according to claim 5 is a horizontal cylindrical dehydrator for pressing and squeezing organic waste heated to 100 ° C. or higher, and stirring the squeezed organic waste at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher. A horizontal cylindrical drying device for drying by drying is provided.By connecting these dehydrating devices and the drying device integrally, the extracted organic waste is directly charged into the drying device. Has become.

[0013] As described in claim 7, it is also possible to separate the dehydrating device and the drying device.

[0014] Regardless of whether the dehydrating device and the drying device are integrated or separated, the garbage bag may be provided at the end of the drying device opposite to the dehydrating device. A first collection unit for automatically collecting foreign matter having a low specific gravity, and a second collection unit for automatically collecting dried organic waste.
The first recovery unit is the highest in the recovery unit and the third recovery unit that automatically recovers foreign matter having a large specific gravity, such as earth and sand or pottery chips.
It is preferable that the second recovery part is provided at an intermediate height and the third recovery part is provided at the lowest height.

In the case of juxtaposition with the refuse incineration equipment, the exhaust heat of the refuse incinerator can be used for all or a part of the heat source for dehydration, drying, etc. .

[0016]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(1) First Embodiment (FIG. 1) FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment. This embodiment is
The dehydrating apparatus 1 and the drying apparatus 2 are connected concentrically.

The dehydrating apparatus 1 has a cylindrical main body 3, a rotary pusher 4 disposed therein, and a receiving plate 5 disposed at a rear end (the right side in the figure) of the main body 3 which contacts the drying apparatus 2. And In the front half (the left part in the figure) of the main body 3, there is an opening 7 which is open upward.
From here, garbage (more precisely, garbage mixed with foreign matter) 6 is introduced into the main body 3.

The rotary pusher 4 can be freely reciprocated from a position near the inlet 7 (position indicated by a solid line) to a position beyond the receiving plate 5 by driving means such as a hydraulic cylinder (not shown), and It can be rotated by a motor (not shown).

The garbage 6 is put into the main body 3 through the slot 7 by retreating the rotary pusher 4 greatly, and then the rotary pusher 4 is moved within the range indicated by the alternate long and short dash line.
By reciprocating the garbage, the garbage 6 can be pressed and squeezed (dehydrated). Since the volume of the garbage 6 is gradually reduced by the squeezing, the reciprocating stroke of the rotary pusher 4 is preferably gradually increased. Alternatively, reciprocation may be performed until a predetermined pressure (resistance) is reached.

A large number of needles 8 are implanted on the contact surface of the rotary pusher 4 with the garbage 6, and the tearing action of the needle 8 accompanying the rotation of the rotary pusher 4 causes
Garbage bags and trays are shredded into small pieces, and lump garbage is finely crushed.

A large number of small holes are formed in the bottom surface of the squeezing chamber 9 in the main body 3, and the squeezed liquid passes through the drain pan 10 through the small holes.
And discharged to the sewage after being processed to lower the BOD. Alternatively, the useful substance can be recovered by concentration.

The receiving plate 5 is divided into a plurality of (for example, 2 to 4) blocks, and each block is brought into close contact with each other by a guide means and a drive means to close the rear end of the main body 3. And the main body 3 can be moved away from each other to open the rear end.

When the blocks of the receiving plate 5 are brought into close contact with each other, the receiving plate 5 is integrally formed in a plate shape as a whole.
Squeezing is possible. When the blocks constituting the receiving plate 5 are separated from each other, the rear end of the main body 3 is greatly opened.
Can be sent to

The receiving plate 4 does not necessarily have to be of a split type, but may be made as a single plate and slid largely so as to open and close the rear end of the main body 3.

The drying device 2 includes a cylindrical rotating drum 11. The rotating drum 11 is supported by rollers (not shown), and is rotationally driven by driving means such as a motor. A fixed ring 1 is provided between the rotating drum 11 and the receiving plate 5.
2 is interposed. The fixing ring 12 is for connecting a circulating air pipe 21 described later (the circulating air pipe 2).
Since 1 is fixed, a member for mounting it is necessary). The contact point between the rotating drum 11 and the fixed ring 12 is sealed while allowing the rotating drum 11 to rotate.

On the inner peripheral surface of the rotary drum 11, the garbage 6 is spirally extended in order to promote the stirring of the garbage 6 with the rotation and to gradually move the garbage 6 away from the receiving plate 5 by the rotation. A ribbon-shaped stirring blade 13 is provided.

The end of the rotating drum 11 opposite to the receiving plate 5 is closed by a fixed end plate 14. The contact point between the fixed end plate 14 and the rotary drum 11 is sealed while allowing the rotation of the rotary drum 11. And fixed end plate 1
4 includes a first collection unit 15 and a second collection unit 1 in order from the top.
6. The third collecting part 17 is open.

The first collection section 15 collects foreign substances (light weight dust) having a low specific gravity like a dust bag, and is connected to a light dust suction duct 15a. The sucked light dust is taken out by the light dust discharging conveyor 15b. An exhaust duct 18 is connected to the lightweight dust suction duct 15a, and exhaust gas containing odor is guided to the exhaust duct 18 without leaking to the outside.

The second collecting section 16 is for collecting the dried garbage 6 and is provided at a height such that the garbage 6 deposited on the end of the rotating drum 11 flows out naturally. Second
A garbage discharge conveyor 16a is connected to the collection unit 16. The third collecting unit 17 collects foreign matter (earth and sand) having a large specific gravity, such as earth and sand and porcelain chips, and is connected to a earth and sand discharging conveyor 17a.

The collecting sections 15, 16, and 17 may be continuously opened and continuously collected, or may be opened at appropriate time intervals and intermittently collected by providing shutter means. May be.

Exhaust gas guided from the inside of the rotary drum 11 to the exhaust duct 18 via the lightweight garbage suction duct 15a is discharged into the inside of a combustion furnace 20 provided with a burner 19 and burned at a high temperature of 850 ° C. or more. . As a result, the exhaust gas discharged from the drying device 2 is completely deodorized.

A part of the combustion gas of the burner 19 is sent to the inside of the dehydrating device 1 and the drying device 2 by the circulating air pipe 21, and the rest is released to the atmosphere. Fresh air is mixed in the circulating air duct 21, and the temperature is lowered to about 150 to 200 ° C. (Note that fans and blowers in the exhaust duct 18 and the circulating air duct 21 are omitted in the drawing). By being exposed to the high-temperature hot air, the garbage 6 is dehydrated (squeezed) and dried while being heated to a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher.

Vegetables, fish, and meat, which are components of garbage, are destroyed when heated to 100 ° C. or higher, and water is separated. Can be removed. As a result, drying by the drying device 2 can be performed in a short time.

The garbage 6 supplied into the rotating drum 11
Is dried by being exposed to hot air while being lifted in the circumferential direction by the lifting action of the stirring blade 13, and
By the guide action of the stirring blade 13, the stirring blade 13 moves slowly toward the fixed end plate 14. And, as mentioned above,
Sorted and collected using the difference in specific gravity.

The rotating drum 11 is inclined at a gentle angle so that the portion near the receiving plate 5 is slightly elevated, so that the garbage 6 can be collected by gravity into the collecting sections 15, 16, 17 respectively.
It is also possible to gradually move in the direction of.

In this embodiment, the high-temperature gas is supplied to the dehydrator 1
The raw garbage 6 is heated by sending the garbage to the dewatering apparatus 1 after heating the garbage 6 to 100 ° C. or higher, or by heating the garbage 6 in advance and heating in the dewatering apparatus 1. May be used in combination. Further, the heating means of the garbage 6 is not limited to heating by directly applying hot air, but may be indirectly heating through a container or the like, for example.

When the odor is generated from the dewatering device 1, the squeezing room suction duct 2 is connected to the dewatering device 1 as shown by a dashed line.
2 may be connected, and the sucked odor gas may be deodorized by burning in the combustion furnace 20. The deodorized high-temperature gas is used for drying in the dehydrating device 1 and the drying device 2, and energy is effectively used.

When the treatment equipment of the present invention is installed in parallel with the existing or new waste incineration equipment 23, if the heat of the waste incinerator 24 is used as a heat source for drying or the like, further energy can be effectively used. preferable.

That is, as shown by the two-dot chain line, the gas exhausted from the dehydrating device 1 and the drying device 2 is
4 and incineration / deodorization. Further, a part of the exhaust gas generated in the garbage incinerator 24 is led to a pipe provided with an incinerator exhaust gas blower 25, and mixed with fresh air to obtain 150-2.
After the temperature is lowered to about 00 ° C., the drying device 2 and the dehydrating device 1
Supplied to

The exhaust gas from the refuse incinerator 24 is dried by the drying device 2
Instead of directly supplying the air to the dewatering device 1, the heat of the refuse incinerator 24 is exchanged with fresh air, and the air heated to a high temperature by this heat exchange is supplied to the drying device 2 and the dehydrating device 1. May be.

(2) Second Embodiment (FIG. 2) The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 embodies claim 7, and in this embodiment, the dehydrating device 1 and the drying device 2 are separated. The squeezed garbage is dried by the relay conveyor 26 in the drying device 2.
Sent to In the present embodiment, since the receiving plate 5 of the first embodiment is not provided, the fixed end plate 14 is also provided at the end of the rotating drum 11 located on the side where the garbage is put. The relay conveyor 26 and the circulation blower tube 21 are connected.

The crushing device 27 is provided separately from the dewatering device 1. Various types such as a rotary type can be used as the crushing device 27. Further, as the dewatering device 1, in addition to the same device as in the first embodiment, a device having various structures such as a screw type can be used.

In this embodiment, the garbage discharging conveyor 16a partially enters the inside of the rotary drum 11. The dried garbage is deposited on the end of the rotating drum 11 and discharged by the garbage discharging conveyor 16a in the same manner as described with reference to FIG.

When the garbage is picked up by the rotation of the rotary drum 11, the garbage with a high water content has a low height to be picked up, and the lightly dried garbage has a high height to be picked up. Therefore, when the garbage collection conveyor 17a is inserted into the rotating drum 11 as in the present embodiment, the dried garbage is removed using the scraping action of the garbage accompanying the rotation of the rotating drum 11. It is also possible to throw it into the discharge conveyor 16a (however, in that case, it is necessary that the particle size of the garbage is constant).

Also in this embodiment, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a part of the exhaust duct 18 is inserted into the combustion furnace 20, and the exhaust duct 18 is exposed to the combustion gas for deodorization. After the temperature of the deodorized exhaust gas is reduced to about 150 to 200 ° C. by mixing fresh air,
The air is sent to the drying device 2 by the circulating air pipe 21.

When the treatment equipment is provided in parallel with the refuse incineration equipment 23, it is preferable to use the exhaust gas of the refuse incinerator 24 as a heat source for drying and deodorizing, as described with reference to FIG. In the drawing, the fan and the blower in the exhaust duct 18 and the circulation blower tube 21 are omitted).

(3). Experimental Example An experiment was conducted with equipment having the same structure as that of the first embodiment. The diameter of the dehydrating device 1 and the drying device 2 is 100 cm, and the length is 200
cm, the total volume was 1.5 m ³ . In this equipment,
Vegetable waste 500kg (about 0.8m ³ ), fish cake 100kg
(Approximately 0.12 m ³ ) were charged all at once, and a dehydration treatment and a drying treatment under high-temperature heating were performed. A heavy oil 40 in the combustion furnace 20
Liters were used.

The treatment required about 4 hours, and as a result, 150 kg of squeezed liquid, 100 kg of dried garbage, 30 kg of earth and sand and impurities, and several kg of plastic bag waste were obtained. The dried garbage contains 7% moisture, 20% crude protein, 10% crude fat, 68% carbohydrates and crude fiber, and 5% crude ash. This is mixed with pork feed and mixed with pork for meat. The animals were fed as in the case of feed alone, and no abnormalities were observed.

[0050]

As can be understood from the above description, according to the present invention, composite garbage in which organic waste such as garbage is mixed with foreign matter such as a plastic bag is squeezed with a juice and dried garbage. And foreign substances, such as dried plastic bags, can be effectively used. In particular, garbage which had to be incinerated in the past can be effectively used as feed and fertilizer, which is extremely useful.

Further, by heating to a high temperature of 100 ° C. or more, malignant microorganisms and pests can be killed. For example, even if dried garbage is used as feed, contamination by O-157 bacteria may occur. The garbage can be reused as safe feed and fertilizer without causing any serious adverse effects.

Further, in the present invention, the organic waste such as garbage is dehydrated under heating, so that the water content of the garbage can be reduced and the dehydration rate can be remarkably improved. In addition, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the garbage and to use less fuel (theoretically, if the water content of the garbage is reduced to 30%, the amount of heat required for drying can be halved).

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the combustion gas for deodorizing can be used as a heat source for heating in the dehydrating step and the drying step, so that generation of offensive odor can be prevented and fuel can be saved.

When the dehydrating device and the drying device are integrally formed as in claims 5 and 6, the processing equipment can be made compact and the structure can be simplified. Further, since the garbage can be crushed by the dehydrating device, the structure is further simplified.

Further, according to the fourth and ninth aspects, since the exhaust heat of the refuse incinerator can be used as a heat source for dehydration, drying, or deodorization, there is an advantage that the energy can be more effectively used.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 dehydrating device 2 drying device 3 main body of dehydrating device 4 rotary pusher 5 receiving plate 6 garbage 7 input port 8 needle 9 squeezing room 10 drain pan 11 rotating drum 12 fixing ring 13 stirring blade 14 fixed end plate 15 first recovery unit 16 Second collection unit 17 Third collection unit 15a Light-weight garbage suction duct 15b Light-weight garbage discharge conveyor 16a Conveyor for garbage discharge 17a Conveyor for earth and sand discharge 18 Exhaust duct 19 Burner 20 Combustion furnace 21 Circulating air duct 22 Squeeze room intake duct 23 Garbage incinerator 24 Garbage incinerator 25 Blower for incinerator exhaust gas 26 Relay conveyor 27 Crusher

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Katsura Imada 2415-160 Nara-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa F-term (reference) 3L113 AA06 AB03 AC04 AC58 BA39 CA08 CB03 DA01 DA26 4D004 AA03 AB01 CA04 CA08 CA15 CA22 CA42 CA48 CA50 CB04 CB09 CB13 CB16 CB36 CB43

Claims (9)

[Claims] An organic waste, such as garbage, is squeezed by squeezing it while being heated to 100 ° C. or higher by direct heating or indirect heating.
A method for treating organic waste, characterized by drying by stirring at a high temperature of not less than ° C. 2. An organic waste contaminated with foreign matter such as a garbage bag is squeezed by squeezing it while heating it to 100 ° C. or higher by direct heating or indirect heating, and then squeezing the organic waste. The waste is dried by heating and stirring at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher, and then the foreign matter having a small specific gravity such as a garbage bag, the dried organic waste, and the specific gravity such as earth and sand or porcelain chips. A method for treating organic waste, wherein the method is separated into foreign matter having a large amount. 3. An odorous gas generated in a drying step or a dehydrating step is deodorized by exposing it to a combustion gas of a burner and heating it to a high temperature of 850 ° C. or more. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is used as a heat source for heating in a drying step. 4. A heating source for organic waste in a dehydrating step (a juicing step), a heating source for organic waste in a drying step, and a heating source for deodorizing odor gas. The method for treating organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein waste heat from a garbage incinerator is used. 5. A horizontal cylindrical dehydrator for squeezing and squeezing organic waste heated to 100 ° C. or higher, and stirring the squeezed organic waste at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher. A horizontal cylindrical drying device for drying is provided, and by connecting these dehydrating devices and the drying device integrally, the squeezed organic waste is directly charged into the drying device. Organic waste treatment equipment characterized by the following. 6. The dewatering device is of a rotary horizontal push type equipped with a rotary pusher, which intermittently squeezes organic waste, while the drying device has a horizontal axis. It is a horizontal cylindrical type having a rotating drum that rotates around, and a ribbon-shaped stirring blade that promotes stirring of organic waste and moves in a direction away from the dewatering device is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum. The organic waste treatment facility according to claim 5, characterized in that: 7. A dewatering device for squeezing and squeezing organic waste heated to 100 ° C. or higher, and
A drying device for drying by stirring at a high temperature of 00 ° C. or higher is provided.The dehydrating device and the drying device are arranged separately from each other, and the dewatering device and the drying device are squeezed. An organic waste treatment facility, wherein a conveyor for supplying organic waste is connected. 8. A first collection section for automatically collecting foreign matter having a low specific gravity, such as a garbage bag, at an end of the drying apparatus on the side opposite to the dehydrating apparatus; The second collection unit is the highest in the first collection unit, and the third collection unit is the highest in the second collection unit. The organic waste treatment equipment according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the third recovery unit is provided so as to be lowest. 9. The exhaust heat of a garbage incinerator is supplied to at least one of the dehydrator and the drying device, and is further sucked from at least one of the dehydrator and the dryer. The organic waste treatment facility according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the exhaust gas is guided to a refuse incinerator and incinerated.